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El desarrollo del laboratorio como parte experimental del curso de Física II, esta

dirigido a los estudiantes del áreas de Ingeniería, cada experiencia comprende de una

exposición teórica descriptiva, de los experimentos donde el estudiante comprobara as

leyes de la física

Es nuestro deseo que le presote material seas de muchas utilidad, agradeciendo sus

sugerencias y comentarios que contribuirán a mejorar las futuras ediciones.

/RV DXWRUHV
&DOODR $EULOGHO

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Carátula ..................................................................... i

Presentación .............................................................. ii

Índice ......................................................................... iii

Guía 01 Módulo de Young ..................................................... 1- 6

Guía 02 Modulo de Rigidez por Cizalladura .......................... 7 - 12

Guía 03 Movimiento Armónico Simple ................................. 13 - 19

Guía 04 Oscilaciones Forzadas y Amortiguadas ..................... 20 - 26

Guía 05 Principio de Arquímedes............................................ 26 - 31

Guía 06 Fricción en líquidos - Viscosidad............................... 32 - 38

Guía 07 Dilatación Lineal en Sólidos ...................................... 39 - 42

Guía 08 Calor específico en Sólidos........................................ 43 - 48

Guía 09 Fusión y Solidificación ............................................. 49 - 54

Guía 10 Ondas Mecánicas ....................................................... 55 - 59

Bibliografía ............................................................... 60

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- 11 -
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- 13 -
0RYLPLHQWR$UPyQLFR6LPSOH
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%
%

Z W
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)LJ0RYLPLHQWR$UPyQLFR
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9HDPRVHOVLJXLHQWH*UiILFR

-A

O
Posición de
Equilibrio
P X F = -k δ

x
+
mg
)LJ

- 14 -
3DUD HO HVWXGLR GHO PRYLPLHQWR VXSRQJDPRV DO EORTXH HQ OD SRVLFLyQ S  HQ HO WLHPSR
W 
6HD ; OD SRVLFLyQ GHO EORTXH PHGLGD GHVGH OD SRVLFLyQ GH HTXLOLEULR    2 WRPDQGR
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<DKHPRVDILUPDGRTXHODVIXHU]DVDSOLFDGDVVRQHOSHVRPJ\ODIXHU]D)HMHUFLGDSRU
HOUHVRUWHHQpVWDSRVLFLyQFX\DPDJQLWXGVHUi
) N δ ; 
'HDTXtODUHVXOWDQWHGHDPEDVIXHU]DVYHQGUiGDGDSRU
∑ ) PJ²N δ ;  PJNδ  N;
3HURPJ Nδ  ⇒ ∑) N;
Que nos dice que las resultantes de las fuerzas aplicadas al bloque, es proporcional a la posición X medida
a partir de la posición de equilibrio O. Y el signo que siempre está dirigida hacia la posición de equilibrio.
(VWH WLSR GHPRYLPLHQWREDMRODDFFLyQGHXQD IXHU]D UHFXSHUDGRUD HOiVWLFD  ∑ )  
N;  \ HQ DXVHQFLD GH WRGR UR]DPLHQWR VH GHQRPLQD  029,0,(172 $50Ð1,&2
6,03/(
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WLHPSR W HQWRQFHVODHFXDFLyQGHOPRYLPLHQWRHV
PD N[
&RPRD G[ GW  UHHPSOD]DQGR\RUGHQDQGRWpUPLQRV

G 2 [ N[
GW 2 P
+ =0

ODVROXFLyQPDWHPiWLFDDHVWDHFXDFLyQGLIHUHQFLDOVRQODVIXQFLRQHVDUPyQLFDVVHQRR
FRVHQR&RLQFLGLHQGRHQODSUiFWLFDFRQORREVHUYDGRHVWRHVODPDVDRFXSDODPLVPD
SRVLFLyQ GHVSXpV OR WDQWR GH LQWHUYDORVLJXDOHV GH WLHPSR VLHQGR SRU XQ PRYLPLHQWR
SHULyGLFR$VtWHQHPRVTXHODVROXFLyQGHODHFXDFLyQDQWHULRUHV
[ = $ cos(ω W + α )
'RQGH$ ω \ α VRQFRQVWDQWHVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHFDGDPRYLPLHQWRDUPyQLFRVLPSOH
/XHJR HO PRYLPLHQWRDUPyQLFR VLPSOH HV XQ PRYLPLHQWR SHULyGLFR FX\R SHULRGR HVWD
GDGRSRU
7 = 2π ω
/DIUHFXHQFLDIGHXQPRYLPLHQWRDUPyQLFRVLPSOHHVLJXDODOQ~PHURGHRVFLODFLRQHV
FRPSOHWDVSRUXQLGDGGHWLHPSRHQWHQGLpQGRVHSRURVFLODFLyQHOPRYLPLHQWRGHLGD\
YXHOWDKDVWDYROYHUDOSXQWRGHSDUWLGD$Vt
I =1 W

- 15 -
/D   FDQWLGDG ω VH GHQRPLQD IUHFXHQFLD DQJXODU GH OD SDUWtFXOD RVFLODQWH \ HVWi
UHODFLRQDGDFRQ/DIUHFXHQFLDSRUXQDUHODFLyQVLPLODUDODGHOPRYLPLHQWRFLUFXODU\
FX\DIyUPXODHVWiGDGDSRU
7DPELpQ
7 = 2π ω  ω = 2π I

ω = N / P  7 = 2π P / N
6L OD PDVD PU GHO UHVRUWH QR HV GHVSUHFLDEOH SHUR VL HV SHTXHxD FRPSDUDGD FRQ OD
PDVD P GHO FXHUSR VXVSHQGLGR GHO UHVRUWH VH GHPXHVWUD TXH HO SHULRGR GHO
PRYLPLHQWRHV

7 = 2π ( P + PU / 3) N 
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Ÿ
5HJOD
JUDGXDGD

5HORM

X
6RSRUWH
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3HVDGH
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Fig. 4

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• 8QVHQVRUGHGLVWDQFLD
• 8QSRUWDSHVDV
• 8QMXHJRGHSHVDV 
• 8QDUHJODJUDGXDGD
• 8QDEDODQ]D
• 8QFURQyPHWUR
• +RMDVGHSDSHOPLOLPHWUDGR

- 16 -
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VRQHVWDVYDULDEOHV"
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VRQHVWDVYDULDEOHV"
)5$1*2'(75$%$-2
¢&XiOHVVRQORVUDQJRVGHWUDEDMRGHORVLQVWUXPHQWRVXWLOL]DGRV"
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 6XVSHQGHUHOUHVRUWHGHOVRSRUWH\KDFHUFRLQFLGLUVXH[WUHPRLQIHULRUFRQXQYDORU
GHWHUPLQDGRGHODUHJOD
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; SURGXFLGRSRUHVWDIXHU]D
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PDVDGHWHUPLQDGDGHVGHGLIHUHQWHVSRVLFLRQHV¢9DUtDHOSHULRGR"

- 17 -
+ 0(',&,21(6',5(&7$6(,1',5(&7$6
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- 18 -
 8WLOL]DQGRODJUiILFDP P 7 FDOFXODUODPDVDPUGHOUHVRUWH¢'LILHUHHVWHYDORU
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PU
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∑ ) = P.D
− . .[ − λ .Y = P.D

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= P. 2
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2

GW GW Fig. 1

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GW 2  P  GW P P P
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REWLHQH

G 2[ G[
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- 20 -
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2 2

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X
T

A
t

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FX\DVROXFLyQFRQRFHPRV

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] = $ sen (ω W + δ )

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YDULDEOHODYDULDEOH[HQOXJDUGHODYDULDEOH]

[ =  $H−γ t  sen (ω W + δ )

- 21 -
&',6(f2

6oporte
UniverVDO
Soporte
-A
Universal -A

Posición de Posición de
Equilibrio Equilibrio
O O

Regla Regla
Graduada Graduada
+ +
m m
Vaso
g g
ó Probeta

Fig. 3 Fig. 4

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7 π > PPU   .@(QODWDEOD1ž
6L7 π  ϖ R HQWRQFHVSRGHPRVKDOODUϖ R π  7
4. Medir la masa del portapesas y del resorte. Anotar los valores en la tabla N° 1.
5. 6XVSHQGHU el resorte del soporte y hacer coincidir su extremo inferior con un valor determinado
de la regla.
6. 6XVSHQGHU el portapesas del extremo inferior del resorte y colocar una masa adecuada para
producir un pequeño estiramiento en él. Anotar en la Tabla N° 1 la masa total m (masa del porta-
pesas + masa colocada) y usando la expresión F=mg, anotar en la Tabla N° 1 la fuerza
correspondiente a esta masa y el estiramiento X producido por esta fuerza.
7. 5HSHWLU el paso (3) ,colocando otras masas cada vez mayores y completar los valores
correspondientes en la Tabla N° 1.
TABLA Nº 01
   
1ƒ 1ƒ
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- 59 -
%LEOLRJUDItD
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2. Tipler, Física, Vol. I., 3ra Edición, Reverté S.A., Madrid, 1998

3. Sears, Zemansky, Young, Freedman, Física Universitaria, Vol. I, 7ma Edición,

Addisson Longman Latinoamericana, México, 1998.

4. McKelvey, Grotch, Física Para Ciencias e Ingeniería, HARLA, 1997

5. Alonso, Finn, Física: Mecánica, Vol. I, Addisson Wesley Iberoamericana, EE.UU.,

1995

6. Frish Timoreva, Fisica General, Tomo I., MIR, Moscú, 1987

7. M. Alonso, O. Rojo, Física Mecánico y Termodinámico, Addissson Wesley

Iberoamericana, EE.UU., 1979

8. Daish, Fender, Física Experimental, UTEHA, México, 1994

9. R. Langemann, Ciencia Física Experimental, Editorial Norma, 1968

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