Unit I: Sports Journalism

1. Defining Sports Journalisma

According to the American Press Institute:

Journalism is the activity of gathering (field work), assessing (analyzing the

newsworthy stories), creating (writing), and presenting news and information
(production and publication). It is the product of these activities.

Journalism can be distinguished from other activities and products by certain

identifiable characteristics and practices. History reveals that the more
democratic a society, the more news and information it tends to have. (API 2015)

Sports journalism is the disciplined craft of watching people compete. It’s the
informed and educated ability to watch that competition at both the grand and
atomic level, distill it into a meaningful contemporary and historical context and
report it quickly and clearly in ways that are insightful, informative, entertaining,
and memorable. It is a pressured joy—the job that everyone seems to want but
few seemingly can do expertly.

Sports journalism is a sub-form of journalism that involves reporting on various

sporting topics and competitions.

Reasons why sports is in the NEWS

Prime Reasons

 Newsworthy as people love to know about what is happening or happened

in a particular game.
 Love and association with the game
 Entertainment
 Motivation (It can in the form of health benefits, to do good in life, to make
some targets, to achieve something in life)

Industry point of view

 Sports represent an enormous, powerful industry.

  Estimates from Plunkett Research indicate the international sports market
could be worth as much as US$1.5 trillion a year; the four major
professional leagues in the United States—the National Football League,
the National Basketball Association, the National Hockey League, and Major
League Baseball—account for $30billion of the nation’s $500 billion sports
industry.
 More than 1,75000 people in the United States worked in spectator sports
in 2018, according to the US Department of Labor Statistics. The global
sports market produced revenues of $67.5 billion in 2015. Projections
indicate that total will cross $100 billion mark by 2019.
 Sports-centric companies are among the largest in the world, registering
more than $50 billion in revenues. Nike, the Oregon- based sports-
equipment company, exceeded $27 billion alone in 2014. Fans of sports are
willing to spend considerable personal wealth on closer proximity to their
favorite athletes and teams.

Sports Journalism in Print Media

Sports journalism began, in an abstract way, as an oral platform. People were

telling each other about the games they saw long before Johannes Gutenberg
invented moveable-type printing in the 15th century, an innovation that made
print journalism possible.

Early newspapers allowed wide distribution of print stories which described

sporting events for a general audience.

Early magazines such as Sports Illustrated, the Sporting News, and others focused
on well-defined audiences with particular interest in sports. Print stories, the
foundation of sports journalism, continue to tell the world about what happened,
where, when, why, and how. They make up the soul of sports journalism.

Sports journalism for print—defined here as general-interest newspapers and

niche-interest magazines—involves five basic but essential principles. These
principles are relatively important to any work of journalism. They matter more to
print—or written-word—journalism because print is a more permanent, lasting
form than broadcast.

History and Growth

Horses are believed to have been originally evolved from dinosaurs by some
palaeontologists. In 1727, "racing calendar" began to offer information about the
races and its results; hence one can relate that with the early signs of emergence
of sports journalism. The British at the time were curious to know about the
lineage of these beasts in order to try and predict which one would be their best
bet for a major winning; the website history world explains (UKessays 2015).

However" boxing which was also a very popular sport gained much significance
among the audiences. From these times" the publications for men told of great
battles between men and if they fought for fun" exercise or settling a wager. Like
today even back then" the details involving blood" bruises and broken bones
excited the readers.

In the early part of the 1900s America dealt with the full impact of the Industrial
& evolution and World War l. The times preceding the First World War brought a
new life to the game of golf. It is a highly popular game and has several magazines
devoted to it.

Despite its sacredness" none of these sporting events were able to catch the
attention of newspapers in the early decades.

Major newspapers" in fact" started covering sports regularly only after the First
World War (1914-1918). As it was predominantly believed that the newspapers
role was strictly limited to information and brining about a revolution. It was not
seen as a medium to provide recreation to its readers. But the First World War
brought about a significant change to this belief in the minds of its readers. The
time between World War I and the Great depression came to be recognized as a
decade of change" while some fondly refer it as the Golden Age of Sports. The
world wanted to put the memory of the war behind them and go back to life as
usual.
However, sports reporting had begun to make an appearance or too much earlier.
According to Andrew Warwick" the boat race competition that was organised
annually between the University of Cambridge and the University of Oxford from
1856 witnessed the first instance of a sporting event being covered by journalists
in Europe.

The first newspaper with a special sports section was the Morning Herald in
England (1817), many other English and American papers followed it: The Globe
(England, 1818), The American Farmer (USA, 1819), and Bell?s Life (England, 1824,
published on Sundays). The Times, the conservative London paper, introduced its
sports section in 1829. The sports sections of all these newspapers contained local
news, as telegraph transmission was not yet available.

In the year 1882, first imprint of journalism emerged on sporting history.

Australian cricket team was touring England and managed to beat the mighty
English on their soil for the first time at the Oval. In response to this incidence of
sports, the Sporting Times published a mock obituary and announced the death of
English cricket by headlining it as “body is cremated and the ashes will be taken to
Australia”. In the subsequent year when England was preparing to tour Australia,
English newspapers sensationalized and wrote, “the tour is to regain the ashes”

The London Olympics of 1908 was a benchmark in the coverage of sporting events
and played witness to a number of newspapers sending their best known writers
to cover the event. The Daily Mail had in fact" Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (Author of
Sherlock Holmes) covering the marathon at the White city Stadium.

Television and sports reporting

A major change in sports viewing experience was awaiting as television set its
steps into the picture. The world was going to experience sporting events live in
their living room with a cup of coffee. The sports lovers need not to go into the
stadiums to enjoy the game; instead, television would cater them at their sofa. “In
1936, certain parts of the Summer Olympics could be seen on television in about
30 public areas in Berlin. In June 1937 approximately 2000 Londoners could watch
a tennis match transmitted from Wimbledon, and in 1938, the first international
football fixture – between England and Scotland – was aired on British television”.

New media and sports reporting

In mid-nineties came Internet which took over the field while competing with
other forms of media like TV, radio, newspapers and sports magazines. Internet
provides instant inflow of information from kilometers away on a single click at
the fastest pace. People find it easy to follow a test match or a golf match while
working in the office or travelling. Internet on mobile phones these days connects
you with the world and events happening around. Sports fans can update
themselves at every second even if they are pre-occupied. The dot com boom has
significantly changed the media market. Websites like www.cricinfo.com for
cricket and www.livescores.com has changed the entire reporting pattern in
recent times.

Media coverage of sports in India

This section deals with evolution of sports reporting in India from early
newspapers to the advent of radio and TV. The section also discusses the
contribution of new media in sports reporting.

Sports coverage in Indian newspapers

Sports coverage in Indian media started with India’s first newspaper the Hickey?s
Gazette, which published news about cricket and football matches. Bengal being
the capital of British India and a hub of sports activities among others, the events
were recorded in the journals of those times. Not having special sports pages, the
journals published the sport news under the heading of Miscellaneous.

“While recorded history speaks of stray matches in Calcutta from 1792 onwards, a
startling entry in Hickey's Bengal Gazette (Saturday, December 16, 1780) in the
year that the Calcutta Cricket Club was founded, testifies to a flourishing cricket
culture in Bengal by the late 18th century.

In recent times, Indian newspapers are full of sports reports and dedicate three to
four pages of special section to sports. The style of reporting the event has also
changed considering the increasing market competition and introduction of other
sources of information like the television and the internet. A shift in the priority of
attracting more readership could be marked by introduction of beckoning style of
reporting, with lots of background information. Besides this, coverage of more
controversial news and focus on off-field happenings of the game including
reports of governing bodies and its players started getting larger space in the
media.
 2. Role and functions of FIFA, ICC, IOC, International Paralympic Committee,
Commonwealth Games Federation, Asian Games Federation and National
Games

The Fédération Internationale de Football Association- FIFA, ("International

Federation of Association Football")-(French Term) is an association which
describes itself as an international governing body of association football, futsal,
and beach soccer.

Motto For the Game. For Headquarters Zürich,

the World. Switzerland

Founded 21 May 1904; 114 Purpose Sport governance

years ago
Headquarters Zürich,
Founded at Paris, France Switzerland

History

FIFA was founded in 1904 to oversee international competition among the

national associations of Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, the Netherlands,
Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland. Headquartered in Zürich, its membership now
comprises 211 national associations. Member countries must each also be
members of one of the six regional confederations into which the world is
divided: Africa, Asia, Europe, North & Central America and the Caribbean,
Oceania, and South America.

Roles and Responsibilities

FIFA is responsible for the organization of football's major international

tournaments, notably the World Cup which commenced in 1930 and the
Women's World Cup which commenced in 1991.

Although, FIFA does not control the rules of football, that being the responsibility
of the ‘International Football Association Board (1886, 133 years ago)’. FIFA is
responsible for both the organization of a number of tournaments and their
promotion, which generate revenue from sponsorship. It is a separate body from
FIFA, though FIFA is represented on the board and holds 50% of the voting power.

Sponsors

Adidas, Coca-Cola,Hyundai/Kia Motors, Visa, Wanda Group, Qatar Airways

Corruption

 In May 2006 British investigative reporter Andrew Jennings' book 'Foul! The
Secret World of FIFA: Bribes', 'Vote-Rigging and Ticket Scandals' (Harper
Collins) caused controversy within the football world by detailing an alleged
international cash-for-contracts scandal following the collapse of FIFA's
marketing partner International Sport and Leisure (ISL), and revealed how
some football officials have been urged to secretly repay the sweeteners
they received.
 Shortly after the release of Foul! a BBC television exposé by Jennings and
BBC producer Roger Corke for the BBC news programme Panorama was
broadcast.

ICC

The International Cricket Council (ICC) is the international governing body of

cricket. It was founded as the Imperial Cricket Conference in 1909 by
representatives from England, Australia and South Africa, renamed the
International Cricket Conference in 1965, and took up its current name in 1989.

The ICC has 105 members: 12 Full Members (Afghanistan, Australia, Bangladesh,
England, India, Ireland, New Zealand, Pakistan, South Africa, Sri Lanka, West
Indies, Zimbabwe) that play Test matches and 93 Associate Members.

ICC Announces USA Cricket as 105th Member (January 09, 2019) ICC

 The ICC is responsible for the organisation and governance of cricket's

major international tournaments, most notably the Cricket World Cup.
  The ICC appoints international umpires and Match referees who officiate at
all sanctioned Test matches, One-Day Internationals and Twenty20
Internationals. The ICC operates 3 panels of umpires: namely the Elite
Panel, the International Panel, and the Associates and Affiliates Panel.
 It disseminates the ICC Code of Conduct, which sets professional standards
of discipline for international cricket, and also co-ordinates action against
corruption and match-fixing through its Anti-Corruption and Security Unit
(ACSU).
 ICC also monitors some regional bodies. These regional bodies aim to
organise, promote and develop the game of cricket: African Cricket
Association, Asian Cricket Council, ICC Americas, ICC East Asia-Pacific,
European Cricket Council
 The ICC does not control bilateral fixtures between member countries
(which include all Test matches), it does not govern domestic cricket in
member countries, and it does not make the laws of the game, which
remain under the control of the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC).
 The Chairman heads the board of directors and on 26 June
2014, N.Srinivasan, the former president of BCCI, was announced as the
first chairman of the council.

Current Chairman (India) Motto Cricket for good

Shashank Manohar

CEO (South Africa) David

Headquarters Dubai, UAE
Richardson
Note:

 The ICC generates income from the tournaments it organises, primarily the
Cricket World Cup, and it distributes the majority of that income to its
members. Sponsorship and television rights of the World Cup brought in
over US$1.6 billion between 2007 and 2015, by far the ICC's main source of
income.
 The ICC has no income streams from the bilateral international cricket
matches. (Tests, ODI, T-20)
Anti-Corruption

Among the corruption on which they have reported was that of former South
African captain Hansie Cronje who had accepted substantial sums of money from
an Indian bookmaker for under-performing or ensuring that certain matches had
a pre-determined result.

Similarly, the former Indian captain Mohammad Azharuddin and Ajay Jadeja
were investigated, found guilty of match-fixing, and banned from playing cricket
(for life and for five years, respectively). The ACSU continues to monitor and
investigate any reports of corruption in cricket and protocols have been
introduced, which for example prohibit the use of mobile telephones in dressing
rooms.

Prior to the 2007 Cricket World Cup ICC chief executive Malcolm Speed warned
against any corruption and said that the ICC would be vigilant and intolerant
against it.

Following a scandal that occurred during the 2010 Pakistan tour of England, 3
Pakistani players, Mohammad Amir, Mohammad Asif and Salman Butt were
found to be guilty of spot-fixing, and were banned for 5 years, 7 years and 10
years respectively. On 3 November 2011, jail terms were handed down of 30
months for Butt, one year for Asif, six months for Amir and two years eight
months for Majeed, the sports agent that facilitated the bribes.
IOC

The International Olympic Committee (IOC) is international, non-governmental,

non-profit organisation based in Lausanne, Switzerland. It was formed in 1894 on
23 June; 124 years ago which is the supreme authority of the worldwide Olympic
movement.

The IOC was created by Pierre de Coubertin (was a French educator and
historian), on 23 June 1894 with Demetrios Vikelas as its first president. As of
June 2017, its membership consists of 95 active members, 41 honorary members,
an honorary president (Jacques Rogge) and one honour member (Henry
Kissinger). The IOC is the supreme authority of the worldwide modern Olympic
movement.

The IOC organises the modern Olympic Games and Youth Olympic Games, held in
summer and winter, every four years. The first Summer Olympics organised by
the IOC was held in Athens, Greece, in 1896; the first Winter Olympics was in
Chamonix, France, in 1924. Until 1992, both Summer and Winter Olympics were
held in the same year. After that year, however, the IOC shifted the Winter
Olympics to the even years between Summer Games, to help space the planning
of the two events from one another, and improve the financial balance of the IOC,
which receives greater income on Olympic years.

The first Summer Youth Olympics were in Singapore in 2010 and the first Winter
Youth Olympics were held in Innsbruck, Austria in 2012.

It redistributes more than 90 percent of its income to the wider sporting

movement, which means that every day the equivalent of US$ 3.4 million goes to
help athletes and sports organisations at all levels around the world.

THE INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEE IS THE SUPREME AUTHORITY OF

THE OLYMPIC MOVEMENT

Acting as a catalyst for collaboration between all parties of the Olympic family,
from the National Olympic Committees (NOCs), the International Sports
Federations (IFs), the athletes, the Organising Committees for the Olympic Games
(OCOGs), to the TOP partners, broadcast partners and United Nations agencies,
the International Olympic Committee (IOC) shepherds success through a wide
range of programmes and projects. On this basis it ensures the regular celebration
of the Olympic Games, supports all affiliated member organisations of the
Olympic Movement and strongly encourages, by appropriate means, the
promotion of the Olympic values.

In detail the role of the IOC, according to the Olympic Charter, is:

 To encourage and support the promotion of ethics in sport as well as

education of youth through sport and to dedicate its efforts to ensuring
that, in sport, the spirit of fair play prevails and violence is banned;
 To encourage and support the organisation, development and coordination
of sport and sports competitions;
 To ensure the regular celebration of the Olympic Games;
 To cooperate with the competent public or private organisations and
authorities in the endeavour to place sport at the service of humanity and
thereby to promote peace;
 To take action in order to strengthen the unity and to protect the
independence of the Olympic Movement;
 To act against any form of discrimination affecting the Olympic Movement;
 To encourage and support the promotion of women in sport at all levels
and in all structures with a view to implementing the principle of equality of
men and women;
 To lead the fight against doping in sport;
 To encourage and support measures protecting the health of athletes;
 To oppose any political or commercial abuse of sport and athletes;
 To encourage and support the efforts of sports organisations and public
authorities to provide for the social and professional future of athletes;
 To encourage and support the development of sport for all;
 To encourage and support a responsible concern for environmental issues,
to promote sustainable development in sport and to require that the
Olympic Games are held accordingly;
  To promote a positive legacy from the Olympic Games to the host cities and
host countries;
 To encourage and support initiatives blending sport with culture and
education;
 To encourage and support the activities of the International Olympic
Academy (IOA) and other institutions which dedicate themselves to
Olympic education.

President: Thomas Bach

Latest

Summer Olympic: 2018, Tokyo, Japan- 2016 Rio

Winter Olympic: 2022, Beijing China

Follow news related to these events and quote these in the form of case studies
in your exam.
The International Paralympic Committee (IPC) is an international non-profit
organisation and the global governing body for the Paralympic Movement.

Headquarters Bonn, Germany

President Andrew Parsons (Brazil)

Motto Spirit in Motion

A fifteen-member Governing Board oversees the IPC between meetings of the

General Assembly.

The IPC organizes the Paralympic Games and functions as the international
federation. Founded on 22 September 1989 in Düsseldorf, Germany, its mission is
"To enable Paralympic athletes to achieve sporting excellence and inspire and
excite the world". Furthermore, the IPC wants to promote the Paralympic values
and to create sport opportunities for all persons with a disability, from beginner
to elite level.

The IPC has a democratic constitution and structure and is composed of

representatives from

 176 National Paralympic Committees (NPCs),

 four international organizations of sport for the disabled (IOSDs)
 five regional organizations

India made its Summer Paralympic début at the 1968 Games, competed again in
1972, and then was absent until the 1984 Games. The country has participated in
every edition of the Summer Games since then. It has never participated in the
Winter Paralympic Games.

“The Paralympics is a very major international multi-sport event involving

athletes with a range of disabilities, including impaired muscle power (e.g.
paraplegia and quadriplegia, muscular dystrophy, post-polio syndrome, spina
bifida), impaired passive range of movement, limb deficiency (e.g. amputation
or dysmelia), leg length difference, short stature, hypertonia, ataxia, athetosis,
vision impairment and intellectual impairment”.
The Commonwealth Games Federation (CGF) is the international organisation
responsible for the direction and control of the Commonwealth Games and
Commonwealth Youth Games, and is the foremost authority in matters relating to
the games. The headquarters of CGF is in United Kingdom.

Owing to the success of the first 1930 British Empire Games in Hamilton, Canada,
a meeting of representatives from Great Britain, its colonies and territories
decided that the games, similar to the Olympic Games should be held every four
years, and that an authoritative organisation should be formed. Following the
1932 Summer Olympics, it was decided to form the "British Empire Games
Federation" who would be responsible for the organising of the games. The name
of the federation was changed in 1952 to the "British Empire and Commonwealth
Games Federation", and again in Jamaica in 1966 to the "British Commonwealth
Games Federation", until eventually being changed again in Christchurch, New
Zealand in 1974 to the "Commonwealth Games Federation"

 Commonwealth Games
 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games (First held in 1962 in Australia, after 1974 it
discontinued)
 Commonwealth Winter Games (First held in 1958 Switzerland, 2010 Gulmarg Proposed
but didn’t take place)
 Commonwealth Youth Games

The Commonwealth of Nations, normally known as The Commonwealth, is a sui

generis political association of 53 member states, nearly all of them
former territories of the British Empire.

The Queen is head of state of 16 member states, known as the Commonwealth

realms, while 32 other members are republics and five others have different
monarchs.

The Commonwealth Games are an international multi-sport event involving

athletes from the Commonwealth of Nations.

The event was first held in 1930, and has taken place every four years since then.
The Commonwealth Games were known as the British Empire Games from 1930
to 1950, the British Empire and Commonwealth Games from 1954 to 1966, and
British Commonwealth Games from 1970 to 1974.

It is the world's first multi-sport event which inducted equal number of women’s
and men’s medal events and was implemented recently in the 2018
Commonwealth Games.

President, elected in September 2015, is Dame Louise Martin CBE. She is the first
female to hold this office in the history of the movement.
Our Mission
To be an athlete-centred, sport-focused Commonwealth Sports Movement, with integrity, global impact
and embraced by communities that accomplishes the following:

 We deliver inspirational and innovative Commonwealth Games and Commonwealth Youth

Games, built on friendships and proud heritage, supported by a dynamic Commonwealth Sports
Cities Network;
 We nurture and develop one of the best governed and well-managed sports movements in the
world;
 We attract and build on public, private and social partnerships that widely benefit Commonwealth
athletes, sports and communities;
 We champion, through our brand, Commonwealth athlete, citizen and community engagement in
everything we do.

Our Plan
The Commonwealth Sports Movement's Strategic Plan 2015-2022 was unanimously approved by all 71
nations and territories at the Commonwealth Games Federation's General Assembly in September
2015. The strategic plan is titled ‘Transformation 2022’

2018- Gold Coast

2022- (27 July to 7 August) Birmingham. This would be XXIInd Commonwealth

Games.

The Asian Games Federation (AGF) was the governing body of sports in Asia from
1949 to 1982. The federation was disbanded on 16 November 1982 in New Delhi
and replaced by the Olympic Council of Asia. The AGF was responsible for the
organisation of the Asian Games from 1951 to 1982. The Federation was
established on 13 February 1949, in a meeting held in Patiala House in New Delhi.
The Olympic Council of Asia (OCA) is a governing body of sports in Asia, currently
with 45 member National Olympic Committees. It was formed on 16 November
1982 and current president is Sheikh Fahad Al-Sabah. The oldest NOCs are from
Japan and the Philippines, recognized by the International Olympic Committee
(IOC) in 1911; whereas East Timor is the newest, joining in 2003. The
headquarters of the OCA is located at Kuwait City.
General Objectives
The OCA shall:
 Be the sole organisation in overall charge of different OCA GAMES in Asia;
 Be the representative authority with all other recognised bodies or
authorities responsible for Olympic, Asian, Continental, International and
World Games;
 Co-ordinate the activities of Asian countries in the field of sports at both
regional and international levels;
 Promote the practice of sport, encourage the construction of physical
facilities and improve the standard of performance in the spirit of fair play
within its member’s respective jurisdictions;
 Encourage the holding of Asian Championships and competitions in all
approved sports under its members respective jurisdictions;
 Stimulate interest of sport and physical recreation in the people of Asia;
 Co-operate with public authorities and private enterprises in the promotion
of sport without prejudice to the principles of the Olympic Movement;
 Ensure that its membership is fully representative of the duly recognised
NOCs of Asia as far as practically possible;
 Guide, influence and lead all sports along the right lines in Asian countries;
 Take disciplinary action against any member or its employees,
representatives, officials and competitors for misbehaviour or any other
undesirable activity which brings discredit to the OCA;
 Ensure regular celebration of the AG every four (4) years in accordance with
the fundamental principles, objectives, Rules, Regulations and Byelaws of
the OCA and provide fair and equal competition to all eligible competitors
of member NOCs;
 Ensure regular celebration of the AWG every four (4) years in accordance
with the fundamental principles, objectives, Rules, Regulations and Byelaws
 of the OCA and provide fair and equal competition to all eligible
competitors of member NOCs;
 Ensure regular celebration of the AIMAG every four (4) years in accordance
with the fundamental principles, objectives, Rules, Regulations and Byelaws
of the OCA and provide fair and equal competition to all eligible
competitors of member NOCs;
 Ensure regular celebration of the AYG every four (4) years in accordance
with the fundamental principles, objectives, Rules, Regulations and Byelaws
of the OCA and provide fair and equal competition to all eligible
competitors of member NOCs;
 Ensure regular celebration of the ABG every two (2) years in accordance
with the fundamental principles, objectives, Rules, Regulations and Byelaws
of the OCA and provide fair and equal competition to all eligible
competitors of member NOCs;
 Be responsible for promotion and development of the Olympic Movement
and its noble ideals among Asian people;
 Be responsible to solve, as the supreme Asian Sports Organisation, sporting
problems that may arise within Asian countries, among members or
between them and others as far as practically possible;
 Do all things necessary to fulfil the principles and objectives of the OCA;
 Act against any form of discriminations affecting the Olympic Movement in
Asia;
 Oppose any political or commercial abuse of sport and athletes;
 Encourage and support the effort of sport organisations and public
authorities to provide for the social, professional future and health of
athletes;
 Encourage and support the promotion of the crucial topics (i.e. Women and
Sport at all levels, Sport for All, Environment issues, Sport with Culture and
Education and Peace through Sports);
 Encourage and support the activities of the Asian Olympic Academy and
other institutions which dedicate themselves to Olympic education;
 Fight against doping and all sorts of prohibited substances, by adopting a
pro-active approach and implementing the World Anti-Doping Code.
 Assist, guide, encourage and provide necessary assistance, administrative
or financial, wherever possible, to the Olympic Movement in Asia (as
envisaged in the preamble of the OCA Constitution) to promote sports at
grass root levels.
 3. Sports Authority of India (SAI): Its importance in the promotion and
management of sports
Headquarters : SAI (Head office), Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Delhi)

Annual budget: 481 crore Rs (2017-18)

1 China (CHN) 61 51 41 153

2 Japan (JPN) 57 52 44 153

3 South Korea (KOR) 28 28 37 93

4 North Korea (PRK) 17 19 20 56

5 India (IND)* 13 19 25 57

6 Indonesia (INA) 4 4 7 15

7 Iran (IRI) 4 4 4 12

SPORTS AUTHORITY OF INDIA : The Sports Authority of India (SAI) is a body set up by the
Government of India. The objectives of SAI are to promote and broad-base sports in the
country and to implement schemes / programmes for achieving excellence in sports in different
disciplines at international level in order to establish India as a major sporting power. It also act
as an interface between the Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports and other agencies concerned
with the promotion/ development of sports in the country on the other hand, i.e., State Govt.,
U.T. Administration, IOA, National Sports Federations, Sports Control Boards, Industrial Houses,
etc.
The Sports Authority of India (SAI), a successor organization of the IXth Asian
Games held in New Delhi in 1982, was set up as a Society registered of Societies
Act, 1860 in pursuance of the Resolution No. 1-1/83/SAI dated 25th January 1984
of the Department of Sports, Govt. of India with the objective of promotion of
Sports and Games as detailed in the Resolution.

The Sports Authority of India (SAI) is an apex National Sports body set up in 1984
by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports of Government of India for the
development of sport in India.

Major Sports are

SAI has 2 Sports Academic institutions

 Netaji Subhas National Institute of Sports (at Patiala in Punjab)

 Lakshmibai National College of Physical Education (at
Thiruvananthapuram in Kerala)
 10 "SAI Regional Centres" (SRC)
 14 "Centre of Excellence" (COE/COX)
 56 "Sports Training Centres" (STC)
 20 "Special Area Games" (SAG)

In addition, SAI also manages Netaji Subhash High Altitude Training Centre
(Shilaroo, Himachal Pradesh) as well as 5 stadiums in the national capital of
Delhi, such as Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (also serves as national head office of
SAI), Indira Gandhi Arena, Dhyan Chand National Stadium, SPM Swimming Pool
Complex and Dr. Karni Singh Shooting Range.
Aims and Objectives

 Talent scouting at micro level & nurturing talent towards excellence

 Training & International Exposure
 Support Training with Scientific & Sports Equipment and scientific personnel
 Monitor and enhance performance with a scientific evaluation system
 Training and preparation of National teams
 Sports Infrastructure Development & Maintenance
 Maintenance and up gradation of 4 stadia complexes and a shooting range in Delhi
 To produce coaches and physical educationists of high caliber in different disciplines of
sports to broad base sports. (SAI recruit coaches and educationists on regular basics)
It is also entrusted with the responsibility of maintaining and utilizing, on the behalf of Ministry of
Youth Affairs & Sports, the following Stadia in Delhi which were constructed/renovated for the IX Asian
Games held in New Delhi in 1982

 Jawaharlal Nehru Sports Complex

 Indira Gandhi Sports Complex
 Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium
 Dr. Shyam Prasad Mookherjee Swimming Pool Complex
 Dr. Karni Singh Shooting Ranges

SAI Sports Promotional Schemes

The Sports Authority of India conducts various activities and schemes to promote
sports in India.

1. SAI National Sports Talent Contest Scheme (SAI NSTC) provides the school
environment to play and study for talented 8-14 year olds who are at the
right age for higher level training in competitive sports. The selection of
trainees is done on the basis of performance and potential, and they are
admitted to schools on a non-residential basis.
The main objectives of the scheme are to

• Identify educational institutions having good sports infrastructure

• Scientifically scout for optimum-aged talent
• Convert the genetically and physiologically gifted children into future champions
• Ensure availability of trained coaches
• Ensure financial assistance for consumables
• Provide adequate competition exposure and sports equipment to sports
institutes and Akharas to create a broader base for modern wrestling

2. SAI Army Boys Sports Company (SAI ABSC) is a scheme run in collaboration
with the Indian Army to nurture and groom talented boys in the age group
of 8 to 14 years. These companies act as virtual sports schools where
training is scientifically backed up and support facility is provided
throughout the training period. The trainees are entitled to an assured
career in the Armed Forces at 17½ years. The selection of trainees is done
on the basis of performance and potential assessed through a battery of
tests. Objectives of this scheme include:
 Nurturing budding talent
 Improving the achievements tally in international sports competitions
 Using the Army’s excellent infrastructure and disciplined administrative
environment

3. SAI Training Centre Scheme (SAI STC) was created in 1995 by merging
"Sports Project Development Area Centres" (SPDA) and "Sports Hostel
Scheme". It is run collaboration with the State Government and Union
Territory Administrations. The trainees are admitted into the scheme on
residential and non-residential basis where they are funded by the
government. The main objectives of the scheme are to:
 Train talented young sportspersons aged 12–18 years (Sub-Junior/Junior)
 Identify those who have attained advanced levels of proficiency in sports.
 Identify those who show natural potential in the Olympic disciplines,
indigenous and other sports.
 Provide in-house coaching, training and nutritional support to
sportspersons.

4. SAI Special Area Games (SAI SAG) are similar to STC, except that the focus
of the SAG Centres is on popular indigenous sports of India by spotting and
nurturing talent in specific disciplines in tribal, coastal and hilly areas, to
grooms them to achieve excellence in the related modern competitive
games and sports. The SAG Centres are fully funded by SAI, and land is to
be provided by the respective State Governments or other institutions such
as universities and schools.

5. SAI Extension Centres of STCs/SAG (SAI ESTC/ESAG) scheme commenced

in 2005 to develop sports in schools, colleges and universities having
commendable sporting performance and adequate infrastructure. The
Extension Centres are monitored by the nearest STC or SAG and Regional
Centre Head for their adherence to SAI regulations. Authority to approve
these Extension Centres lies with the Director general of SAI.

6. SAI Centres of Excellence (SAI CoE) identify and train the talented
sportspersons in the age group of 12–25 years who have shown promise at
the sub-junior, junior and senior National Sports Competitions for 330 days
 in a year. "Centre of Excellences" (COE/COX) have a total of nearly 600
trainees in 18 sports (2014 figure), such as Archery, Athletics, Boxing,
Cycling, Fencing, Gymnastics, Hockey, Judo, Kabaddi, Kayaking and
Canoeing, Rowing, Swimming, Table Tennis, Taekwondo, Volleyball,
Weightlifting, Wrestling and Wushu.
7. SAI Come and Play Scheme (SAI CPS) serves the purpose of talent scouting.
Meritorious talent emerging from this scheme forms a pool for induction
into regular residential and non-residential sports promotional schemes of
STC and SAG. The scheme was introduced in May 2011 for optimum
utilisation of its 5 stadia in Delhi by throwing open the designated areas in
the SAI Stadia for community sports.
SAI Long Term Development Plan (SAI LTDP) aims at the joint preparation of long
term sports-specific development plans, based on a four-year cycle with yearly
review.

The plans cover all aspects of sports including development of sportsperson,

coaching, participation, promotion, tournament schedule, hosting of major events
and sports sciences.

Notes: Utkarsh (Newsletter), It also release e-books on various issues like (Rio
2016)

Schemes TOPS: The Target Olympic Podium Scheme is a flagship program of the Ministry of
Youth Affairs and Sports which is an attempt to provide assistance to India’s top athletes.

The Scheme looks to add a premium to the preparations of these athletes so that they can win
Olympic medals in 2020 and 2024 Olympics. Under the Scheme, the Department of Sports shall
identify athletes who are potential medal winners in 2020 / 2024 Olympics.

The idea of the Scheme is to also keep an eye in the future and fund a Developmental Group of
Athletes who are medal prospects for the Olympic Games in Paris in 2024 and Los Angeles
Games in 2028.

Rs 100 crore earmarked for funding TOPS athletes for 2020 Olympics: SAI

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/67309275.cms?utm_source=cont
entofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst
  CBI raids Sports Authority of India headquarters in New Delhi, arrests
director, 5 others in corruption case on January 17.
 Sports Authority of India suspends officials arrested by CBI on corruption
charges
 Four officials were arrested after raids were conducted at the SAI
headquarters in New Delhi on January 17.

The SAI officials alleged to be involved in corruption were director Sanjeev Sharma,
VK Sharma [Upper Division Clerk], Harinder Prasad [Junior Accounts Officer] and Lalit
Jolly [Dealing Hand, who was previously Laundry Supervisor].

Some other initiatives of SAI (Latest)

After its experiment with lanky girls yielded results in volleyball, the Sports
Authority of India (SAI) is continuing with its unique project ‘Height Hunt’. The
apex sports institution is in search of girls aged 13 to 16 and having a height of
171 cm or above for selection to their volleyball training camps. ‘Height Hunt’ was
first launched in 2012 and gave rich dividends as three of the girls of that batch
became part of the National squad that took part in the U-18 Asian
Championship.

From 2015, four batches were trained. Those selected to the programme will be
given free training, education, accommodation, food, medical facilities and
equipment.

The required heights are 171 cm or above (2006- born); 175 cm or above (2005);
178 cm or above (2004); 180 cm or above (2003).The selection will be monitored
by senior women’s team coach Sadanandan and Dr David Mathew. Those
interested can contact 9447794079 for more details.

Selection venues are: Pala Municipal Stadium (February 2), DDSHS, Karimpadam,
North Paravur ( February 3), SDV HSS, Peramangalam, Thrissur ( February 4), Mini
Stadium, Thottilpada, Kozhikode (February 8), Jimmy George Sports Academy,
Peravoor, Kannur (February 9), Rajas HSS, Neeleswaram, Kasargod (February 10),
SAI-LNCPE, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram ( February 16), GHSS, Anchal,
Kollam ( February 17).

Army Sports Institute to open doors for 'Khelo India' athletes.

The Army Sports Institute (ASI) will soon train non-army athletes at their facility in
Pune. The 17-year-old sports institute, located in Mundhwa, which has produced
Olympians and international-level athletes, has agreed to sign up as one of
academies to train selected Khelo India athletes. The agreement was drawn up
between the Sports Authority of India (SAI) and the army facility.
 4. News Sources for Sports Journalism

Anything that provides news information for a period of time is said to be a news
source. News sources can be a moving person or still documents. Such as people
who have witnessed something would come to the news source or documents
distributed at the spot would be considered as a news source. There are several
news sources such as official documents, governmental officials, witnesses of the
scene, the players itself etc. News sources are required for the both, the
journalists and for the audiences.

These are the news sources which are prominent in today’s time:

Official websites, social media handles of agencies/organizations etc, players

personal social media accounts.

 Press release: Press Releases are generally used for the release of a
particular news. The Press Release should contain worthwhile material
which has some news value. A Press Release should be written in a
journalistic style and provide facts and information of interest to readers
and should cover all aspects of a specific subject. The release should be on
current subject and a piece of clear writing without any ambiguity, color or
ornamentation but it should at the same time not be generally lengthy.
 Press notes: The press notes are less formal in character. These are also
issued on important official matters e.g. raising or lowering of tariff rates,
price fixation of food grains, subsidy announcement of seeds, fertilizer etc.
Apart from the name of department, place and date, a press note mentions
headings. Unlike the press communiqué, the newspaper can edit or
condense the press notes.
 Handouts: The handouts are issued on a variety of subjects like the day-to-
day activities of the ministry or departments, VIP speeches, question and
 answers in Parliament or legislature and the developmental programmes of
government departments. It covers the name of the PIB or information
department. No official handout is issued, if the minister or a government
official has spoken in his personal capacity.
 Stadium/Playing grounds etc for firsthand information.

 Press statement: the statements are usually given by known people, then
he shares his statement with media and later this becomes press
statement.
 Radio: It is an audio medium used by many in today’s time. We can see
people are relying on Radio as a source of information. Radio is prominent
and seen in both rural and urban areas. People in rural who cannot afford
television rely on radio as it is cheap. If we talk about urban areas where we
do not see many using radio at their houses instead they listen in their cars.
Over decades radio has gained popularity and is said is a good source of
news.
 Television: Television telecasts their news on television through which
other newspaper takes there sources. It is said to be the most authentic
source of news as it has visuals to establish the authenticity. Television
helps and provides newspapers to give detailed information to the
audience but television news just doesn’t act as the source to the
newspaper but also the audience itself.
 Newspapers and magazines: these two also act as a good source of news.
Newspaper on both the levels national and international provides the best
information in details. The newspaper has 5W’s and 1H which gives all the
significant information at the starting of the news and further deals with
the minor details and same is done in the magazines.

These days, the role of media officers and press offices has largely killed off the
old style journalists' greatest asset - the role of his formal and informal contacts
network built up over drinks, lunches and hours of access to sources. Now
everything is so micro-managed it is very difficult to get and maintain access to
people in both sports and public life.

Over the last decade, journalism and reporting have experienced significant
changes. One industry that has been deeply impacted by these changes is the
sports world. Projected to reach a net worth of $73.5 billion by 2019, the sports
industry is one of the largest industries in the world (Heitner). Due to its massive
scope, the sports industry has magnified these changes in journalism and
reporting. Technology is the major reason for these changes, and it is often said
that technology-enabled social media has altered the traditional sense of
journalism. As a result, the industry has seen the emergence of a new trend that
has come to represent the new face of sports media - athlete driven media.
Athlete driven media continues to grow rapidly, perhaps facilitated by the
appearance of numerous athlete driven media companies.

Professional athletes are actively using Twitter to communicate directly with each
other and their fans. Relatively little media and/or mass communications research
has explored the effect this direct communication channel has had on the role of
journalists who cover these athletes and have served in a gatekeeping role,
deciding what news and information is worthy of coverage.

First, an athlete’s tweet can be used in place of a direct quote from the athlete
when reporters do not have access to that athlete for a phone or in-person
interview. For example:

An article in The New York Daily News on January 9, 2014 quoted from New York
Knicks player J.R. Smith’s Twitter feed after it was announced that he had been
fined $105,000 by the NBA. The article reported that, “Smith, who did not speak
with the news media Wednesday, posted a message on Twitter that read, ‘You
never know how strong you are until being strong is your only option.’

Second, an athlete’s tweet can be the source of breaking news about that
athlete’s professional or personal life, particularly late in the daily news cycle. For
example: On January 11, 2014, in print and online, The New York Times cited
Twitter as the source of breaking news when it reported that New York Yankees
outfielder Vernon Wells used Twitter to announce his retirement. The paper
reported that Wells wrote on Twitter, “Thank you @Yankees for the opportunity
to be a part of such a storied franchise.”

Third, an athlete’s tweet can be the story in and of itself, if it is controversial or

provocative or offers the athlete’s opinion on a news item unrelated to his or her
sport. For example: A tweet from former Los Angeles Lakers star Magic Johnson
was deemed worthy of coverage by The L.A. Times and other outlets on January
29, 2014. In the tweet, Johnson listed his “top players in the history of the league”
(a quote from the tweet) but left out current Lakers star Kobe Bryant.