CHAPTER I

BCKROUND OF THE STUDY

Introduction

The Occidental Mindoro State College specificallyCollege of Architecture,

Engineering and Technology offers ladderized programs for automotive related courses

which deal in the different disciplines like auto electrical repair and maintenance. The

said course deals with the operating principle, service, repair and maintenance of

automotive electrical systems such as the starting, charging, ignition and other electrical

systems including power windows operation. With this premises, the use of such trainer

in any courses in automotive may boost the competency of every graduates for future

employment. The technology major subjects of the said course are based on the

competency standards indicated in the Training Regulations of the Technical Education

and Skills Development Authority (TESDA).

Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) is a

government agency that promotes and strengthens the quality of technical education

and skills development programs to attain international competitiveness. The said agency

also has a goal to strengthen the network of national, regional and local skills training

centers for the purpose of promoting skills development. It also includes skills training

centers in vocational and technical schools, technical institutions, polytechnic colleges,

and all other duly accredited public and private dual system educational institutions.

The use of such trainer in teaching automotive is important because they can

significantly increase student achievement by supporting student learning in actual

representation of such technology concern resources like electrical system repair and
maintenance. It can also add important structure in creating strategies particularly in low

grade class of students and more enhance the output of students in the other side.

However, the availability of different automotive trainer is very limited in many training

schools due to the high cost of it.

This research mainly focuses on the construction and evaluating the functionality,

reliability and usability of a trainer for car power window which will help the automotive

instructors as well as their student to facilitate instruction easily and to improve the

performance of the student in their laboratory activities.

.Statement of the Problem

1. What is the design of power window?

2. What are the procedures in constructing the automotive power window trainer?

3. What are the levels of performance of the automotive power window trainer in

terms of design, functionality, safety, and construction?

Objectives of the Study

The main purpose of this study is to assemble an automotive power window

trainer. Specifically, it will seek to fulfill the following:

1. Design of automotive power window trainer.

2. Describe the procedure and construction of automotive power window trainer.

3. To evaluate the level of performance of automotive power window trainer in

terms of design, functionality, safety, and construction.

Significance of the Study

The researchers are convinced that those who will benefits from this study are the

following:

The Automotive Students. This study will give concrete idea on the concept and

functionality of automotive power window. This will also help them to diagnose the basic

problems that the power window might occur.

The Automotive Instructors. This study will help them strengthen their methods

of teaching specially in technical skills development.

For the Future Researcher. This study will serve as a guide to the future

researchers, in order for them to improve the result and promoting new research study

regarding of it.

The Occidental Mindoro State College. This study is useful tool in promoting

students’competency in the field of automotive technology.

Conceptual Framework

The research conceptual paradigm on Figure 1 depicts the flow of procedure that

guided the researchers in the conduct of the study. It is the operational framework that

was strictly followed from gathering ideas from related studies, constructing the product,

testing.

The purpose of this study is to design and construct power window trainer. The

research paradigm on figure 1 shows the flow of procedures that guided the researchers in

the conduct of this study

 INPUT THROUGHPUT OUTPUT

1. Ideas from
related
literature and
studies 1. Design Ready to use trainer
for automotive
2. Power 2. Construction power window
window
system
accessories

3. Tools and
equipment

Figure 1.The important input-throughput-output model for designing and construction of

the product.

The first box in figure 1 contains all the materials we need. It also includes the tools and

equipment use in the construction of the product.

The second box, contains the designing and construction of the product, the last

box contains the output, or the finished product.

The boxes are connected by arrowed lines from the input to process to output.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

The trainer is an effective instrument to promote teaching- learning process in

automotive technology program. This research will be conducted to help the automotive
instructors to stimulate students to explore for the purpose of learning. The researcher

concentrates mainly in designing and constructing a car power window.

Operational Definition of Terms

Nut- is the type of fastener with a threaded hole. Nuts are almost always use

opposite a mating bolt to fasten a stack of parts together.

Disc cutter- is a specialize, often hand-held, power tool use for cutting hard

materials, for example ceramic tile. This tool is very similar to an angle grinder, with

main difference being cutting disc itself (circular diamond blade for disc cutter vs.

Abrasive grinding wheel for angle grinder).

Spray paint- that is contained in an aerosol can for the purpose of spraying onto a

surface.

Sander- a power tool used for smoothing a surface with a sand paper or other

abrasive material.

Angle bar- an iron or steel bar, brace, or cleat in the form of angle.

Welding electrodes- in arc welding an electrode is use to conduct current through

a work piece two fuse two pieces together.

Socket- a natural or artificial hollow in to which something fits or in which

something revolves.

Wrench- a sudden violent twist or full.

 CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Packard introduced the first power windows in the 1940 Packard 180 series. This

was a hydro-electric system. In 1941, the Ford Motor Company followed with the first

power windows on the Lincoln Custom . Cadillac had a straight-electric divider window

on their series 75.

In the late 1930’s, power assists originated in the need and desire to

move convertible body-style tops up and down by some means other than human effort.

The earliest power assists were vacuum-operated and were offered on Chrysler

Corporation vehicles, particularly the low-cost Plymouth convertibles.

By the 1960’s, the power window regulator was gaining widespread

attention. Rather than operating the mechanism with a hand crank, this new innovation

made it possible to open and close car windows be moving a switch or pressing a button

on a control console. Originally, this feature was offered as an extra or luxury item on

many makes and models. However, by the end of the 1970’s, most vehicle manufacturers

considered the inclusion of power windows to be a standard feature .Over time, the

rear window regulator came into common usage. Along with the windows situated near

the seating area for the driver and passengers, the ability to raise and lower the rear

window of an SUV, minivan, or station wagon became desirable to consumers. This

option was also considered a factory extra at one time but now is usually included as a

basic feature of vehicles sold today .As with any type of mechanical component, a

window regulator does sustain wear and tear after years of repeated usage. The origin of

the problem with a power window regulator is usually based in the small motor that
controls the movement of the window. When the motor begins to wear out, the regulator

may not respond as efficiently to the press of a button. Often, replacing the motor will

restore full functionality. However, there are situations where the issue with the regulator

is more complex than simply a worn motor. When this is the case, replacement of the

entire regulator may be necessary. Depending on the make and model of the vehicle,

replacing an electric window regulator can be quite costly.

Charles A. Chayne, introduced an electrically controlled hydraulic system into the

1946 Buick convertibles that provided fingertip operation of the top, door windows, and

front seat adjustment". These systems were based on major hydraulic advances made in

military weapons in preparation for World War II.

Electrically-operated vent windows were available as early as 1956 on

the Continental Mark II. The 1960s Cadillac Fleetwood came standard with power front

and rear vent windows, in addition to standard power side windows, for a total of eight

power window controls on the driver's door panel.

 CHAPTER III

MATERIALS, METHODS AND DESIGN

This chapter presents the important aspect of research materials, methods and procedures.

Materials

The materials needed in assembly of the power window trainer are presented on

the table below.

Table 1. Car door and electrical accessories.

Item Description Quantity Unit

Car Door 1 Set
Automotive wire 50 Meters
Fuse 1 Piece
Fuse box 1 Piece

Table 2. Body and fabrication materials.

Item Description Quantity Unit

Angle bar 8 Feet
Bolt and nut 15 Pieces
Cutting disc 10 Pieces
Sander 1 Pieces
Spray paint 6 Pieces
Steel brush 1 Pieces
Welding machine 1 Pieces
Welding rod 1 Box
Project Design

Figure 2 shows the wiring diagram that will guide the users of the car power

window trainer. Based on the diagram below, the battery will provide all the power that

the power window needed in its operation. A fuse was also attached in the circuit to

provide protection if a circuit problem occurs. The ignition switch will be the primary

switch of the circuit. Relays were connected in the circuit in order to reverse the polarity

of the DC motor for the up and down movement of the window. If the power window

switch is press on its downward position a signal will send to the ground side of the relay

and eventually will close the internal switch of the relay and turn the motor down. The

results will the same if the other side of the power window switch is being press.

Figure 2. Power window wiring diagram.

 Figure 3 shows the wiring board for the automotive power window trainer. This

will be the working environment of the users in able to make the power window fully

functional. The diagram of the trainer can be shown in figure 2 that will serve as the

guide for wiring connections and troubleshooting. This will be made up of fiber glass for

easier fabrication. This board will also use banana port that will be drilled in the fiber

glass. The connections will be possible by the use of banana connectors and wires.

Figure 3. Wiring board of the automotive power window trainer.

Figure 4. Power Window Trainer

Figure 4 shows the complete design of the power window trainer. Based on the

design, it composed of wiring board that can also be shown in figure 3. A frame is used to

support the trainer and four (4) set of movable wheels were being added so that it can be

push and move in different places

Fabrication Procedure

The procedures in fabricating the power window trainer were presented in figure

4.

Door and window Cutting of door Working board

disassembling assembly fabrication

Painting Frame/stand Wire and component

fabrication installation

Figure 4. Fabrication procedure.

Procedure in Product Construction
1. Material preparation

a. List and purchase all necessary materials needed in the project.

b. Prepare the materials and equipment to be utilized in construction.

2. Lay-out and Cutting

a. Draw and sketch the specific design of the trainer on Power Window

particularly its parts to be cut.

b. Carefully cut the layout of the Power Window trainer by the use of cutting

disk loaded into electric grinder.

4. Wiring and component installation

a. Place the entire component in the door assembly and connect all the

connections based on diagram in figure 2.

3. Frame Construction

a. Prepare the different cut size of bar.

b. Weld the cut angle bar to construct the appropriate base that was illustrated in.

4. Painting

a. Paint the trainer except the glass window with the desired color for aesthetics

and protections for corrosions.

Local of the Study

This study will be conducted at the College Architecture Engineering and

Technology of Occidental Mindoro Labangan Campus.

The construction and the testing of the project shall be made in the CAET of

OMSC-Labangan Campus.