ill {} "flf,lr-ii{ll tr,'i,iii}']ilBA I'i/X

lfi.thj
T A t"H

FI,ASMffiE"
E.n" E$&lFErq[.T'3,4

x.'rp$l def,mipnasrma dln p'uruct

ca LimBis'{*mfizic el'asinetjur"t de vedeve
l',reeonruponor$a
elec.'ilrie, ,r6ruaiaiiltrEi1:artieuXepozitive, negoitwe, tre qi
pozitivoeuntintotdcaunaioiai a'mcnicisaum.otreeulla.ri,
fotoni. Fari;icr.llele iar
cenenegative,de ohicei, elseirocxi.. Xoraitnegativi,form,r,aqi
tm urr.naakryl4ri
enecfu,onitror la atomnisa* mbnEe..nie, se intfiiraosenrai raEql au al i:naportar$fi
secundar6,"
Fari.ie$leleneutresrn$ta'ros'xlii sai.lmnoieeulene earese pot nfla ffie tn
stare ,daffiIentalE, fie ir,rdiferitesffiri excitate.Dezexeitanea lor e,ouldu,ce
[a
fornnarea fotonilordin volumulpiasmei"
' F'rinrgrae$r;l de io,Biearea[pnasnieiseinietrsge reo,oL-t:n
ci dintr:re
c,lundrull
de particuXe iomzatedi,nunitateade volum Ei nuundrultotal diepafluieuete din
aceiaslunitatede"roium.

ni+ fi,1
(n"u

Sradut--deionizar**dlferhfoantearurltde natnptasmf,,la alta" En.esre

fwwl* rcr,epentrupSasnrele 'o!'cei'oo
eielaborator,ologinuteimlaraeXe
dese6iledrl
qi'foarteaproapede unitetepe$trtlplasmene
fuenreiniscente fierbingi,ooutermic
partisule}orms$trenn est* foarterraieift
tn earecureeia'rrn{ia
irsanzateu fbift de
aoneentra[iaionitrorran.
I)lasffiaco let ls,nlragb cr= n qi.ra,,
prtssu.pufte = 0.

tlprili de desaiirc4ri.
L,amg ir studlanddio,r*rse .tingazela presiu,ml
eleetniee

*lee'rroai,ei se rfrsp6.sao.*alventoiic'i team'nurilegi aai:aienede stiaXflale

srsfiemnuiul '.^rtdat,
arnnlagfiuldel*rb,ioiogice en:'es'* rssp6mcnesi';
ftrlns:liatiee)
pri;stfl pl;t4ndi-iexirasr:
tot i-iilorganismo d.iitoricel:artea lui.
q,cdiliziliiLrBa"
i-otrt,:.c0,,*rt,
frlr'i,a.,cgasiflar:aiogie t+-ott"*',.u rie pnasrn#,,da:l#,de
iT.,r:iariillill.'ir di* tuol,uiie de eieacirQarc),
si lu.Gtin,$g
rac',-liuri',rrui:t:rit

-\ r ,,6iret* Fr (
.:'/ (Unq//'/(/+ "c B AV
P
/
 'Iai.nienul, rJ'ed;s o i'rar'i:e
d.ln llnnha gr*aat.{.plaseein;Llc*seii}:].
IJi.c?i/{:j'r}i'{
,:r,zullJi ir,n,'"zatde a. f,r gUminlSeen{,t6.t ql' f'e a**'ir:i er; A' rte
nrni.rs.ietri'{L:a
lFttvj;r51d''e'e6

olnnocicl,auo de deseS'rcarg'
dltpil f* rr-la'ii;-r1:'+nui
'fcr&rfaLt;t&hda
de piasr*fi *uprineler,'.gannf,
der':lrlsiiirq;a
;'A.St4ai, flr'ne
,*l-eetroctrocr>nrjuc'd6afl,i:de lrr c9fisa#rreAritre eJelonsf;rFr'*si.une,sfh-.'i*lst
ei.ectr.nce
teunperatmridr; cfi,teva sut* aX*gra.d,eKetvin, piLlla la nllasrnelr*couaplet
adate l,.s'le eraturid,*s.+*iql sr.lrie
lml-r.iz,a.te, de milloam*da ggrade .
' Temr:,*,r"i+n,iir: piasimF,fi.i'r"Pf*g'-{ipunC ea am'nelep;rt't6lea:ie
eXrtriga.tucrit'e
qi riege,tivl)sb fie iibere, orJal $a in0fiineg'iei.r,;r'.fc:r'"m|lal'r;r
punifrtori {;tsfiiziti-,ii
[A?^y,fiFilgtz:
es1eeazun,de e:temptru,atriordlor pozilisrl e{$}
I,ffigruF p$flte fl! stnti.ouaf,#xiffix
e*staxr,$Fia umr:i rrreflat,Aeeqtaioni Bozitavi ?mprer"mf;i *uuoognz'uri.oo
fetearrna,
,eurnetde vedere e-lectria"
a{im.
*xe*1,ronilsrr:l,obi}_I,fsrrcaaalaunsisteffi fi.e,utru,
Xmaee*ltnsiavorbir;nn de lriasm.as'l6raieolidc"
,Erq,rstftcie asorrrueraea qi stfrli lic,hide eu proptieofturide plasrn$" De
i'rili poziti".iidresodi 0"{*+} fim;preunfl
i;l'frrrr'pl-$ cu cei irlegativi,de sloir (ct-),
'filnneacfrun sis'ternneuiiru'':t*ictnie,tai
trrfi=s ,ioiu,qiade i'.la.cllit apd,
,*i!srr:r*infi
deci o pnasmap im stare lichid,$.,[a temrpara'turra mreetrir:ltai
senyiLr,nierarseopiefi,
9ne,n:niulriit,an'.
poate ekytvataploprierh{l diil
elepnasntftn oi'is:a-n'e
Frin un'na.rcsuhsta,n{n
*ir.{';rtr"eist#,r iie}riCi sav'Eazaash'
i ai.e$Ete'l''i{E:sonieiA,
'sa
Iu eo.mf.qrinitete cu.acesteprecizdri se poa'iecoagsi.dera nnairnull elu
'in ptare pia'c,mlf,"
in urrivryts,5eefr.lr,
u-lj"f1#30[xt&
d.ifi,:rna.'ir-.ri.ir de
!,,?,-c,!-sl,i,
T,otriqise Spil'rilsr* pltlorna8TY#BrEEe:ata a nati's s'ftare'iie 'B;$(DSai'B
fi

rc,at.*l{ell"
dintre gaeulli
A,;raefr6eiasifieareiq! are origin*n ?ndeosebiril* esfin:iiaie
ri,Lr ql g)azui i siiiz a't'ipla'srnft
l i;lll-rri'i )" '{'l&$firi0
nl,aqiocareerri,tl tt a *,e,ndLiig elsslfieareeSfAAimFlitt:
le aC*aSEi'l
rtfjsi.till,,i6i.gsr;!],,t]i"l1:ijrice4'lzlrep3rli,l:ii*Tri#ff,)"ii,ija,d,etopi.rel,Tiri'+e.l-ili.I
l;i;ii departeftshid'el pf;cif,ia t'+mpera'F*rer<ir-:fier'ber*' eii
lirlaidtil, il;aer4lzlnrj
,,];*{rEtn frien flfi'7,t11,56,,InefiIcinel in e,ontl,i.q".lrlge ri;,uu}faiil:Flrrii, ii*;
gr+m,tlL
'itt,A!i:,i', 't-"el' pr',]-t)'jlie* t*ni'zi"';:i'
r)';gt;;.L ,l1l':iilal'i, |pfi"n eit:rAliir:'*' no-;
irtjti;til:rfl:i'ai;i?t'i
'tireecit?ntl"$ e pa'$a s!'t:TEt]'''; ii{:iitii?'!':\"ii'^
l;J:i,li:uiil c'a ga.vt\a
,;x*[l'.i1,ris,1ir3.irlr,iti.t:;n,
nr:r.'itr;r-'u ilitt
,l,i::nZ.ett
A!q:,i,rl::-Sn-14, A(ttt*ti i^ifi :qAA gg16 W-i 16,ngfl #rir1ti11il1a "1{i1i'ii,i'i""f';
+i i:i'il+,1i, i i'l':i.,flt+i";i
;-1i);-;;ii
;::trlit::i'ii'r;1'"
I'rin iq+an:-,,iir;i;.
ii;iA'rnlii :e Ob',i1,,",f;
?.titi,r:.the:.e-,gi:;\',::;,"+.ri*
ii,:, i'i.\':iiili:1:i)Fil:::t:.1.;i:.1:.1i:(:.fil'i;i.:,ii:i;''li--iiL:-{;
inli;iiiii t'i;:fliCfi

ii
Xrl
 d:l l'n iml'l;l ..'i: Lit}tl dr; ,,ls:i.Afrs..t+lo*fl
eS qaner*$i,r.1iit nlir*;ailal\:ri.{l?strc
tnirlal

FAttr'Ul de sgre5affi:p}*:li::lui. ;ip'"i.;tttl,ii gl lircul. $ruta'tp

SggH-s frUr:c$/cis:fl'tlr
1;1flilSlrj.t,B
lri 'i,iis

ea eahivalenfual gn&d*r**] (s"f,.it;l

.r.s {r €ti'B-r.1ii srnirr'ir?L\ni(.$u gi't,f.
eftporrulean*rgrdsd-iE*tteE-r,or" nerJe$er 9r*;endidin tw* ssl[i,C;] $rntiuu
F;]?JjjE, &pro$limafi"o'de ac*i*t*i er,iiin d* ffill\a'inles'$ €et rn*qe,s.Lr
fitehide€58r.3 fls-,fcerii
:.''re
in,
-^^1.-r
Biehid-gaz$i amteffite de lCI-:,e\rrrrrertic.*'Lildrt ime:im'lgaee utu:*ru{lSsa-plfisgx&

Flasnaas'epreziatsd*cnqi er$ i]ri;]ifmsls;X st.meeulergedcii.e,uamporrt,:.Ue,n

,a ^A,o

rn +1.--.
unui gaz adus[n smr€d€ pXesmul ["]dersaniss
[,]r,rste ast'flel:
a) Fe lfingdiasocnrrnle elasheetdiel'me m,$[euu[dne iradit'idrramle
{c,mfal oruee.goe
'ii d,in meutnu)in p[a-trn&a.!ilor- gi wt rarual],r ineffi el* eaocninu Emelsst-icreo
c.srdconducr
amr-1if
la fonunaread* meol*eBie€$,aitstein diterite st&ri s-rlsittiu:€isnds[.ar]"d $i il$
a+rn'in
soraia&risi disoeieri ale nroteeu.ieXon.
h) Aeesteproeeseelem*ntarcdetenninfltrnnsf@rlnerca gezulut!allntrr'-urn
grm
omog€n intr-un asrlesteedc Fsrticul€ drtbrite : prautaauietre neufirs, lpmii
'4ti-1 pozitiul, ioili i ne*satil'i.electroni" fotoni.
.-+$ Jca

i- 1^
e) Existenqaeleeu"snilorgi ionilEireosr.ftnlptrosmen Brrrrprlet$ten de .sirpurges
!'!, i\E:.

intsraerionaau f A{n*quiie ei ** rie e q;i n'ra-*netil^d

el t,e.rioeie"
iauX-urI
d) Xntreparticuleinchreate(prirtirteriialesnrein;\) tlenqele d* intrrl:taqi*su,ntcle

s dirrr

liii cle;
ceea ee ftee ea parti,-"uia interaeqiome2e
incf,rcafirsi-x, sinrr-lXtnn
cu rim rlc,ltlliln

1i'F,
miiredf peilir',rifi:rctic,:t*dinjun-ilo=i.tr.orrticeiJtoa'rd.
A

Frin u.rmai:din plssrrifr.pe !finga in'reineiirl*clintnepilrtiaule rndurire

(daefrplasn:anu estc eonrpietirruizatiir). intelacgiiindivid'.imiecun-i,psfuteiir
3n.ru1 obiqriuit,cr=i*llizct, au lor si inre'racqii'o,Jctef,tivdoo.
fi.zieag$sul,rJi
Se spunec& pe idiiga imtdi'rrfqrild eu laes seuu:tfr ('o*$hort
<tleaeg.ir,ute
€sql
ramgen')(neutr*-neutru, ion-rieutru, elect!'ort-neutru)[n pXnsmultdomliiei'ir
!r-i.f,i\
,-, ti
('oLor:gia:ige") aeSieeX
lntenaelii1e,'iiJrazfl ii-liirgirci* aeqiuui,-e ceneeouiom'bii;1r:L:.
.;-r ',.liil

di'ntre pilrtAtori de sareinft{ion-* ieetron" elss{t'otx-d!€etraill}.

tii ,ttl:t
cfl*a fu ciilfiseh,Bqt*
Aeest iJltinxtlp ie i:ntera*$ie*,s't'e g,l*ir:iitadl;
aser"rtiral
i /- l-', 1!

ga;;utroblqnuit, ?i*ijlii'Lt"
iiii'{;l ;
..1 Ca u are clrbitel* Faititul*i'or ine*rigace.$in plasrn,i,ilitii liinii [1li1 l i:r
.i1,, nri
l'eqtilinir sauillmu trfrnte"c:l hnereulii'e, cu i-u-tttid*t sitt',1J'.3'5,ott,i*ulni;.
lsrier i,leizlcnii;ri *Etf, -r rlaisrliiie,,
i.rh"l o .9"1!e':ilr'*
ddoirt'ff{i il?Jfl'l0stdu;Iuttliil
i:;jet't"i
d,* partieillc icnlzat,: {pr,lz:iriive pct alentul uli sislir.:ti:i
ni n,l;,:,riiivn1 ,ijlri
xt!-"Iiniri
,iti;::rCiC.:'iii i;8. ; ;, :;l:"-i:.
 sli se pte{iv-eal'r,'olucnul
figfg ffirr.:e*sar ocupatde un,gaz ioltiizat
srxiitim'l
pefisru ca aoeiita sd poat4 fi conbideratptrasrur6' (sfera Debye)' Elumftrul
piia-ticulelordjn acestvolunl, precrJroql intenvaluld,atirnp rninim in earese.
o plasm6"
Fofirt*ripltxlech evmlneaz$

g.2, \YASNNEUTftAE,ET.ET@A F'E,ASEfiEE.

, fl dr$,fl
P RESTAUJ'RAT'0R.

Fi= pe ( n, )

= pus
nn(+ *)+ nr(+ 2e,)+."".".'.o*& 1*e-)
,g#11

?
.qn
' , , t
nJ-k
m - n
- ue
in q\
lJ

m.axifi?-de tonisane.
r,rrdi,nl-gl
z {.lir-sd,
ejvide;n'l
/T d\
r!11 -- lili - ue , \eony'f

dnicnlearea}'Biasmen
{-rrsrdtrl

\ri""/.n

Trehuia{inut e'o*tinsAde lapitulefi in gaz iwntuatsau.nL4€Kls'til

ir.- ^.-..-.':: .-l -. -,..r".".L
.ii ;.i:i'.?.,;iI i +'l rleiil".:IUa:i3 i.
 zat $:'ecrreul gaz*Ior iorI;:ili*, f"luctii;ltiri*
6rct $-1rf;,v6L1lx
sr,:panilrri
ioea.le q,i
is-un sapr$flpeinsfaclt$neeah sailciilik:r'p*ertiv* rli r:egatiue,vierlAnds"l-s*
ap asrfbi
neutralitatea,
eis(,fti'fbmox.'iq:;'r,*
"A.pa,r ci*polEriizrrr,r.*
roi;arfre piasn:*i, ce;i.j.ccjr'.ace
ca in
'rieegtCI
l,peua"i
sani,lmr;*ieruist"*
iaeu'frel!iat*
eieatric5.
Ft'ireurmareplasinanu pca,ee
fi rigurosneutr&pe ciistan4esar!volume
;,: enemlei $i, de ae€easf l,orl:egterrli. de fteu"'$raiiitee.ea
*i, tt de
:

'j,-- Aaeastaeoq,iume se,iusti{le4 pdn aeeiar&'p:tasmaare

. ;
Bosibilita.iea
t +jea ?
I-dv'uidr;6{u6

refacenapidneutratritatea
-.f-
"
acoXo undeeaa fost ia'ltfirnplEtor
:

a,ieata-ufi,
asttblefi
felmediepe nxnvotrurnsufieiealt c3emlare.€aapare,praetnCI raea,.ltr6"
rlcd[,
llmceopulinielegeriifenomenuiui sdevalu6rnio4ele locaieee se ofiuul
sepandrii sarcinijorde semrne contrareqi carererr$€se ,q5refacAintr_untfuun
gpunrtmeutnalita'tea
eleetric#..
Vornfolosi eiltevainodeie simplede ealeul"
dnon' '.
- Ivfodelutr
sarcigritror
eor:rpletseparate
rde Sfic,oilsider4me6.}a.un na,clrneia.t
dp.fnar:ciliile
prozitiv"e
qi negativ,e .di::t:"-u
e#ffi4
:" mia* din plasrnds-au se.oarat compxetuneled.eatrteie,cu eareosaaies-a
t
fornnatull r:aiceondensaior pian(Fig.I.1)eu distanrax tr-xtre ,,pllcii.*u,
sale6e
adeS.
' , Daean. esi€concentra{ia
electromlor dimplasrru4,afuErc.ica Hi.trr-tft.-rd
n
separftriitol'ale,cantLtatea
cleelecti'icitate pe
de "armirhuao' ,,ra
llegativil, iii da.tfi
,de:iumEi:.1tr
tstalde eiee'ir.;,ni
ce e;,listar.a
in volu,".*sr ina:,rrie
de EeBidr.i?e.
Q= efi,rsx {T 4',t

F'closindexpiesiaeapacitd{ii
eondensatc,ruiui
nlan
\ygullle
- f , r
,*=-i*
n ci-l"J

i.r"/.1
sc poefe i1;',prirnalm.tri:.rsrtatea
e#r:npului eiec;rie drn spafiui a**,rfr;i
"rioiilrX#ilsat,$r"

"\l- -
i.:l-",
l .:J- t..
.
-tl'

?:!at't

ix.E;
gxls';fr
 41F
' e
a
c € €

4 q

F i g .i , 1 .

F-?eeir6mpul eleetricde res'*auraree.neuffianifu$n

imz,umaperturhatseste
rr.tfttreui intens cu cftt ca\naeixtrqaplasmei este mei. ffixareqi cut cfrt
#T,1

1
1C,9 i.
- Brfr-rffislrii elee
strafirtrui lu -
a nonuluieleetronie
ln ,r,sest de.lconsidedtato separare,par$iala

(n"e]
S6 E{t

nre:rf*rbn{iels'f*c'iee-
- l.'"itarjei.-uX

t b 6 O { t +

+ + & s +
4 , ' ++ e t
4,++ + + , 4

--_-G=EgErE
 SpnedeodehiredE cszurileprecedemt${n cnrep€rrtsrbaEiapreziriM@
pnamparaletr&
g€@metmei sS"aomsider6m fiauu! icl sarc prird dep,lasarea
iii

:11
i;:
IL ,fimtngl$ sfeniaderew6n' qFign.3)
mie v fiuffia
t
+'
Daaa estevarla{iacosncentrafiei, aF''anei
ll
,.+
l! ',
iii
ti
,':i
AN= n3Au (n,10)
,l:i

i:i usrfonn de eneetromri.

I:i
; i -
.ir
,ir: .

'f
' l

ll S& notfuaaeU Q eantitateade'etectricitatenegativade pe suprafaga

sf,ecei
rti cu cea pozitiv& din volum'rulaeesteia)c6mput eieatme

(L1i)

unde {n.n2}

I
u
i

E
E
F (n.13)

Ili
 t:

ii
A,T
*,m 'i5inr:ahatsr* airsolnis it* f'a i,lrlut'rr,l!iet*
:lz"runlti"ntade vol , iar fr
iJ-
.ll
'3ir

gh,ntetea 'f;rigd,*n**ot'o4in'i:\-t":ti';mil
fii'rnea'ni' ,$,
reiativh: n ti:,
f:i
ii
it
"ir
']g1' *i =0'{)n
;"='1g1' t:i
FJeex.,{)fisc1flt?fiia 31'=1$?5gTl-$o ,!j

ori*n ailr;tercde [n *eratrali-tate'

*lir sfls#piasr.nex,fdrfiseaE# il

b
.J,
,i

fiFiS1RAT'UH"mU
. -, FtrT]iEItl HA[,Ug"Ug
[,g. .Er?STHiil${J$fi/r. ,li

PIT.HT'T.TfA.BAF,E ,
,i'
iii

N,UT*TGTF6E FEBYE' $F'ERASEPdVE J-:.

iit
l;-1"
:iti
E
:::
(por(.iuneaB dim fcg.I,+], ,: ,.]
e resir.lneplm paratreta
f{a r$nsid.fiB"liffi '',n',
.*
comceqtra$ietAb"
desi PszLtlwbide
;!:.

.deo partedin eiefutromi,

:::":i,
yt,w:#nit|atxrlsfllecj.tan .i!
:;
'd'
.ii.

uji
ti'

r'lrritat€eu {i.8} ; : :., ;,

i1

.t.' !
{s"x4} 1.
i::

do"
fr

.i" _
|i!) 5 ,

i,,ir
 1f,:}
{.1"

eV= trrTE (r.t7i

z

(r"i Ei
Zao 2 " 2eo

Fe aii:i putent ei{prima pe [n] car# poartfi demr*mireade nw:.girnre

D*hye Ea'd{azhDeL.yE.

^ ifloi{ ,{E r'[ I nl

, { o'"'
.i,, l---:-- tr.l y/
\! ,=-/+n

'i;i
prac{ic,1,,
1'r';'t":'='f,rt:
Ic m'l+'-j sm.r€iflB est* {cmpXetsaparat'ft
electr'pg..tcft.
'illi-iliti:oe'I+i
dji.i e;Eil :g,l'ii,:::;i..uiittune i .[g=rii:;1r,3" (;r;F,:ti ileiidr.lfr lg. Ut;iiZaig:a
;*hlrr

lr.?0)
 frai,n ,celeprenemtatr* e,iA
rez"dXtfi derclt$rirune
rcaaDehlredh ondlm.uttr trleretrril
rnaximflp unui stratde sarclnftspfiqial&
gros,imiea qemai pcla'te f"rtra"rsrsaB
de
*leetEogiirin p,Sasrndrtnrpotr"rvaeArnputlui Ha reprezint#,
res'ie'r,lratoc',
enecmic
) de la
deci latngfu.n,*a d,a*a.trung,ulf, ia pot av€a loe e'he,'ceri
zna"x,isnA
cuvasintfaiitateaplasmei.

spgnecA un ansambXuu
ffieai pi;1iesn de par.ticuleBozitiveqi negativepoartih
-rtrnrr,eie voiulniamulttmai maneaiea6tvotmnauluEaei
o,eplmsm6dachoeup6.uasr
efbraDehye
p,feraue rany egalheulungimeaE)ehye./\eeast6s:ferilsenullie$1ie
gyiutaiavea uroiultLuX:

Vnv = -'J[/1"n (n"2x)

J

sarcinfi
purtfltomnoi'de
mu.sm,ftruI o sf,er$Dehys 076
'g'

ir

/1
irT *
IID - it iLrriiii-

fffsclt,A IE{"ffi
FLA 5iV{rE[ " FR@CVtr]{'f .4\ti'rid GI;'flUiF'i"

'ir^l
g*ipnrforiiise:;rlea ,sareini.[oire!,-=etrieegi airndcte reglunai
tnat f.rim,angilu,njil'.:
p.p?iTEist{eiri* seperiiri.
1:i;L:i:,
'nfriXti€rfiiifino
A
SiiUhili r8l'irA.tAftnomeni'',til'it O''e
f"
ift Afl.*g',iFA,rSgrA'f v, tli
tLev,\:: i p [*en:e L
nl tt,itrrr

,.!,
 .:
1i .Est*evldera:(e,hEepararfl,a
ficid;al&
iu szarciiiiior*leetr,{a*eslieeeltririaleaata
tti €tn6 pertd,-Brtlare
loeal4a.cleresiffiqii
ctrr:
sarcinf,.
spagial6. Sa consider,6rn o zoftflA F

dim plasmfii
(fr,g"fi.5)"
tgi ,t
l1
r{
La
ji

ii
4
,i
t,

i,
il'
,'i
t,
::.
'i
ji
ut4 r
:",
tBa
F
- "i oo' 'T {
""'

f,El in,ed iroffinal ffr aceasta|

zoaa5,
p!.asmaect{9ca pest€ tot die aliifel
€vesisieutrfr,
adla6p Fx A"
Daafrsas''ainrle pozi'tiveqanegativedanaceastd eonflr.s-au
sepa!.at,warfr
erdemsitate de saneima p*0"
'.i1ue'aiaqiilc'l
il-la.torita de sareinfleleafneb va 'fi.,,ia'lat:ii$.
deinslia,iea tn

crnn'ainuitate.
-t^
(/ vtlJ

'.tt
rT ?ll'r
vt

tranclej est€ sitatea eurentu,il;i elestric, ec apaF€oclat6 er,l ceplasarea

sarcj,milor{eleEtroniior}dln zanil,
Daca v estfi viteza de d.epiasarea etreetreninorryiEe estE eoncemll ta.
aecsrJ}ra,

fi"25)
Trebiu:enien$ionat cd n6 r:.udeprinde
de timp, {iineicomeanrrragla
eleetr,omlor fui
,pXasrnanener'rurbai,{.
\{tt*za v ,sflvtsmcdifi,eat',nsitdatorit#apanEieiln zogleie unul e,ilimp
ei*eiineH" Ea"va sarisf?se leg*a.
elemiEeare "
F
[I ;ll;i
{iv,
- i;l t',!t,C'3)
trii
; h

i'r
 ll.l

1
;,
ttilde filr sgt* ffinss eltctronului" Dar ir* eonf,o. ltatpaur*eua{ia}uiiF,nissq}n
il
li?
..:ii
j.)
'q:
r)i
,ir;:
vzE=
i -
{n.27t :.ii
\. &0
E
"f:

fv

:;t
;il
1 i

,i1

,i4
.rlr't rlf

rela{ie!n raporteu tlmpuflqi inloe iild tc]eauagie

deriv6ndapeastft W rJiu
dt
(x.?6) ira t,l
't'
.,it
:;i

rT

/.:

1,

i F=fi {n.2s} i;

de pertLeubars.
u{?na

P +rn =fi qn.29}

sscilatsrii
acest*imaqc.Ari
und* erp €stsFlulsaqia

(ii,3fii
 Frin ua are oTie* pr:rturblare]ocal& .3 c,or'!crtrrtnaqiei piasnmeiva ,ria
unonoscilaiii intrei'iriuteale ei*ctt{}l1ii4i'' 'deftecvenqfi
frIa$tere

([.31]

Aeesteoscttraqii poartfidenurnirea cleoseiiarriite sauqseilagirle

plasrrurli
fl,,angmruin
Expnesia pulsagrei (X.3CI) qrpe calemai sinerXln&,
poetefi obg.inut6 flmtn-un
din nonodeBuniparticul6'0.Fori"iindde la expresiafo{ei de restaursrcee ac$ioneazfi
asLlpraelectrorxrllui.F= -cfr qi folosiudexpfesi.a
c6rnpuXtuielcetrserestaun'ator
v@[nav€a
' t
e-tlo
l. - ---=X (r,32)
66v

Fo4a restaurafoar€secofilportf deci pa o forq&elestiebde tipn-rn

F =,rh: (n.33i
caneproduceo miqcareosciiatcriea electro lui eu pulsa4:ia
datfi de

(x"34)

(I.32),(1.33)Ei(1.3a)putena
reiagiiile
aAdnm
astflel scie
] fi lir';i

aic priasn-rei.
adrcfrpvlsatiantiqeilriiercscinat+rii
Feae*ieaEi ehlsr poateo ine qi expresiapulsaqliicr domlae'
esellaqi{nor

(fi.3
5]

i 4
i i
 mraialesdaahp$aarela
lootexistannaimultetrpurideoseilagii,
fllrplasmfr
seafnasuh'imfiuenga mragne[ice.
or cfrmpuri

sarei.nitor"
dimexpresia(9"33)ohtine:nra
constantetre
Ca.neunhnd frecrren$,a
Xlerat:ru
fhg:rsaula
nnasfii'iei

{I.36)
adie&timpuflin eareeleaiic'orri!fi
pnasmrei,
Ior perioadaoseinagiiXor sub
ncfiumea de restaurare
fcrgenor er"ecut& oornpiet$va fi
o oscilagie

ff q?\

flrgunaI"b,

Fig.I.6.

p!*eaildin,& (r:ndeera'nEt€tttralizat'n)
,Eleetr,ocr?jt tn elereegia z, a6mpu,[
fie ap#-rein jur,*l lui A ii va iir'ai+e'd*plasarci:rfrtldi*t valfiareffi
imt,firui*i,nr
*:fum, asifeitme6tdup6un tiina'p
mr*rriiin* Tpll el'se refn'ioarce fmli rr:ifreftiaE'i
piasr:lettn acel['oe.
iar-*utrairtatea

t'd,*eare
Oarffie6rndtrem prtr,,A,glaLrfratrltatea
plas I estenefficu;t#r.
Frin '*nna3'€Futfinn$punech peri,nadaTp ft oseiir,l',illLon [-aitg iir
'ds se,,p'a,Tflrs
de miirime a[ rii 6[r.il cTlaxiji'n
rrinltzlntfli +r'r,jrffi*.sn n
flcretl'n*lt

';ir.t
 rlr

tl'

pcotruraariervatre
sarieani{,nr: mair-nicidecf;tTp s;rreinllcg:ozitive
.,riaregativs
sc
in
pro''r
afTa,loaa!separate,
ian'pentruiretervafie
rnairyrarideaAtT'pgllasma va fi
cvasimeartrft"
"Acesteoscilagii
locane atrecfrnlpurilor
,--iectricese vor pr.cpagrl
,ilili
mnaidepartetrl voludd pnasrnei runde
fomnfindJ electron'ragnetiee, ,,,,rd
oar€,?nr
yv
au numgineeade unrJ6

},$a
1 - E
i$p=-= *ffi^u
rc^if-
- vF
i{"3fi}
\ e.nu
sau

uh
r[ ?q\

Fnecven$a f-anglnuirvariaz&fu nimrrite largi fin funcgae d]eeompentragia

plasmaei"Fentau pXasnea unei descArcfiri intecnsed.elaborator(n=!S20=1q?26-
3) rezulta
=n6tri-16trZnqs,imtenvalulspectralcorespunabtorfliind ?n donaesai.utr
u3
qi al itrfraroquluilradepdrtat
rsdar'o&ixndelor (]"p=0,03-CI,3 cni).
nn cdt oscilaqiale eleatroniceaneplasrneisuant de traaltd:frecvemgEr,pe
perioadenaaridetimp iil a@mxparaqie aupe,moada oseinagillon evas,ineutralitatea
pBasnnei seconservd"
Din relagia(X"37)seohservsaf,T* esteffir at6tmai maiac'mc$t eet'ernai
fiTareconcemtra$ianaplasnnei. ' ,
O-piasmfi, totanionizatfl,dens6,estep tie imtirrtdeauaaaa ne'utrf;i,grwill
cleetronie finapreundcu aei. iomia evolufr ilmpreualA,intr-rureamaestee
i-'rlsbpanabil,
eaun gazeieetromo-ionic.
Dirmpotriv6?n gazeneslab ionizate(mnnic),ruefrmanine i"D, Tp p,ortfi
preallraruflaqft
de diwaerasi'dlrline
spa{iale,nespeetiv ctrurata revolu{ieitsmpoi.alea
flrl'li aruaesoeeel-lluli
de Bar'ticule,astfeXine6t acestase inqiepffrceazd de starea.de
rrg,fl. pnasemftpe nm6sura ;e n esteamai mia"
alx'fr! Cenfb aeerstc,s ohservaEil eonellqia de svasineLrtrerl,ifrate
a plasn-'relul
=fr* 1 'trebuieI'nqe{esf,suhfloflrktrnediat6
,,rl,n

(n"40)
*,ll;ii,t
"";-

A n urnela
rz',reolier€a
s€ iar:*pe imtenvale
d* iparii,':cit rylir tl.i-:.rp
L'narilrt coar-luarfllie
'll
*' ' s' ":.r, 1
, "h. # " r F a c n , s n l i i xYr
1 r! J t s v l r ' ! ' I F1"

ll,';