Computer Aided Electrical Drawing(CAED)

10EE65 6TH SEM PART–B

TRANSFORMERS
Electrical &Electronics Engg.
Reva Institute of Technology & Management
 Topic:1 Transformers

1.1 Objective of this topic

 To know the parts of Transformers
 To know the types of Transformer
 To make preparatory sketch of the transformer from the given design data
 To make drawing of the sub assembly or assembly drawing using CAD

1.2 Introduction
Electrical Transformer is a static device which transforms electrical energy from one circuit to
another without any direct electrical connection and with the help of mutual induction between
two windings. It transforms power from one circuit to another without changing its frequency
but may be in different voltage level.
The emf can be produced/induced in 2 different ways either
Statically or Dyanamically.Thus the meaning of static in the above explanation is when the
conductor is stationary and flux is rotating,whereas the dynamically is the vice versa. So it is very
important to analyise the
1.3 Different Types of Transformers
Basically electrical transformers are classified into 2 different types depending upon the
amount of copper winding surrounding the core of the transformers.They are
Core Type and shell Type.

Fig: Core type & Shell type Tfrs

Core Type Transformer: In this type of transformer copper surrounds more area of core ie.
Copper is more then core. Based on the type of connections it is sub
divided into 1Ø and 3Ø Core type transformers
 The core is laminated , Rectangular ,cruciform(stepped).
 The winding is purely inductive.
 The elevations of single phase core type transformer and threephase core type
transformers are shown in fig 1.2 & 1.3
 The widths of cores on the Two limbs are equal in single phase transformers.
 The widths of cores of all the Three limbs are equal in three phase transformers.
 The height of yoke may be equal or greater than the width of core, in both cases.
 The depth of core will be confined to the dimension of circumcircle diameter.
Different parts & views of 1 Phase & 3 Phase Core type Transformers

Fig.1.2.1 Limb & Yoke Fig.1.2.2Single Phase Core Fig.1.2.3 Three phase Core

Fig: 1.2.4 Single Phase Core Type Fig.1.2.5 Three phase Core Type Tfr.
fr.with winding (Side View) with winding (Side view)

Fig.1.2.6 Single phase core type transformer cruciform core

Fig1.2.7 Single phase core type Tfr (Elevation view) Fig 1.2.8 Plan view assembly of Transformer (Top View)

Side view of Single phase core type transformer cruciform core

 Primary & Secondary winding
LV
winding

Core

HV
Magnetic flux winding

Fig1.3.1 Three phase Core type

Transformer(Elevation View)

Fig 1.3.2 Three phase Transformer (Top view& Elevation)

 The transformer has Three limbs. Each phase winding is wound around one of the limbs. Each limb has
two windings the primary and secondary windings.
 On each limb, the low voltage(LV) winding is placed nearer to the steel core and the high voltage(HV)
winding is placed over the low voltage winding.
 Insulation is placed between the low voltage(LV) and high voltage(HV) windings.
 For Double layer windings the insulation is palced between (LV) (LV) Winding and (HV) (HV) windings.
 Also the low voltage winding(LV) is insulated from the core.
 The reason of placing the low voltage winding nearer to the core is the requirement of less insulation.
 See the diagram above. In the diagram 'Top View' it is clearly shown how the primary and secondary
windings are wound on the same leg of the core for each phase.

1.3.3 Different core construction of various types *

*Construction and formula to draw the core is explained in the further topics,the above fig is just to give you an idea about
the varios types of core constructions ,higher voltage transformers uses more steppings in core.

**Things to understand (There is a difference between core type and shell type Tfrs.?) what is that ?
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Different parts & views of 1 Phase & 3 Phase Shell type Transformers

Shell Type Transformer : In this type of transformer core surrounds more area of copper ie.
Core is more then copper.

 Shell-type transformer has double magnetic circuit and three limbs.

 Both windings are placed on the central limb.
 The coils occupy the entire space of windows.
 The coils are usually multi-layer disc type or sandwich coils.
 The low-voltage (LV) coils are placed nearest to the iron core to reduce the amount of high-
voltage insulation.
 Core is laminated. Special care is taken to arrange the laminations of the core.
 All the points at alternate layers are staggered properly to avoid narrow air gap at the joint, right
through the cross section of the core.
 The shell-type construction is preferred for a few high-voltage transformers.

Fig.1.4.1Single phase shell type Core Fig1.4.2 Three phase shell type Core

Fig.1.4.3 Single phase shell type Tfr.(Side View) Fig1.4.4 Three phase shell type Tfr.(Side View)
 Fig 1.4.6 Side view of 1 Phase Shell Type Tfr.

Fig:1.4.5 Sectional Elevation & Plan view Fig 1.4.7 Core Laminations
of 1 phase shell type transformer

Thus as shown in the above fig. We have to draw the sectional plan view of the shell transfomer and
the elevation view.

Secondary Primary

Fig:1.4.8 Three phase shell type Transformer

Construction of Core for Core type Transformer
The core section of core type transformer may be-square type, two stepped or cruciform, three
stepped, four stepped and so on. The imaginary c ircle passing through the corners of the core section
is known as circumscribing circle or circum circle. The dimensions for obtaining the maximum area
in the given circum circle, for various number of steps is given in Fig.

(CRUCIFORM)

The ‘d’ in the above fig describes the Diameter of the core. Thus which ever construction is been
asked thus that many times the multiple of the diameter.

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Use Auto CAD 2013

Example 1. Following are the details of a 500 kVA,6000/400v single phase Transformer.
Core: Width of the largest stamping=280 mm
Width of the smallest stamping=175 mm
Height of core =430mm
Distance between center of the core =490 mm
Core laminations are fixed by means of 2 end plate 3mm thickness by a bolt of dia 12 mm
Yoke : Construction Cruciform yoke Height =250mm
Yoke length =770mm Total Height of the transformer =930mm
LV Winding: LV winding= Helical Type
No of Turnes =22 No of turnes per limb=11
Total height of the LV winding -362mm,
Inside dia of LV winding -337.5mm
Outside dia of LV winding- 383mm
HV winding: Concentric type arranged in 2 layers on eacch limb
Inside dia of 1st layer HV winding-415mm
Outside dia of HV 1st layer winding- 433mm
Inside dia of 2nd layer HV winding-450mm
Outside dia of HV 2nd layer winding- 468mm
Draw the following views of the transformer:
1.Plan Right Half In Section
2.Elevation of Right Half of a Right Limb in Section

Steps for Drawing the Diagram

Units,=mm , Zoom all
Line(L) = Draw the appropriate lines as per the given dimensions,and construct the frame (plan view).
Line ,Circle ,Trim ,Mirror = Use these commands while drawing the respective view.*
For the elevetion view just project the respective lines appropriately.
Do the respective insulations b/w LV and HV winding as per the
dimensions.
After completing the plan and elevation view do the Hatching.
Hatch(BH)= Select the appropriate size of hatching and pick the respective hatching points.
Dimension=Type Linear Dimension mark all dimensions.**
Mtext = Mark the heading for the drawing.

*Here HV is Double layer. Your mind should automatically generate the concept...
Use Auto CAD 2013

Step 1: Follow the Steps given in the previous page to set the Units, Limits, Zoom and All.
The first step is to draw the Reference Line. This can be done by making use of simple
concept with the line, Just analyse the total height of the transformer and according to that
draw the reference line, here in this problem the total height of the transformer is 930mm so I
have taken the reference as 1000,1000 (x,y) ie vertically and horizontally. The same is shown
below fig.
(Note: Be careful while drawing the reference line, otherwise ,the x&y coordinate origin arrows will
disturb during the drawing , The solution for this is draw the vertical reference line away and alien to
the x axis origin.)

Drawing the reference line for making the transformer plan and elevation view.
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Step 2: The Next step is to draw Plan View (Core Type) Here first see how many stepped core
is given, Then begin with the stamping details and make half to the right and left of the
reference line, If There is no stamping details are given then search for the diameter details
because in plan view the windings will looks circular.
(Note: If only the Core Diameter is given then apply the formula stated in page no. 07 )

In Step 2 Put the dimensions Horizontally ie. 140mm half on left side and 140 mm half for the
right side, follow the same step for the smallest stamping, Use Mirror to draw downwards
keeping center as the mirror point. The fig is shown below.

To draw the stampings (Right side half and left side half-length is taken on the reference line)

Step: 3 In Step 3 Put the same dimensions on the vertical side ie. 140mm half on left side and
140 mm half for the right side, follow the same step for the smallest stamping, Use Mirror to
draw downwards keeping center as the mirror point.
Use Auto CAD 2013

Step 4: Trim the unwanted lines and the fig is shown below.
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Step 5: Now in Step 5 Draw the circle on to the stampings i.e. nothing but the Core Diameter this is
shown below.

(Note: There are 2 cases to draw the stampings, 1. If the Stampings width is given 2. Core Diameter is
given.)
Step 6 : In step 6 Draw the LV Winding, For this search the details of inside diameter of LV Winding
Similarly Outside Diameter of LV Winding.
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Step 7: Do the Hatching Selecting a Suitable Scale Factor.

Step 8: Draw the 2nd Layer i.e. HV Winding Here HV Winding is in 2 Layers. Here Draw the 1st layer then
2nd Layer
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Step 9: Draw both Layers i.e. For HV Winding , Do the Solid and Normal hatching, Use Select Objects
While doing hatching.

Step 10: Draw the distance between the center i.e. 490mm towards left side. Because here we have to
show the Right Side View. Now mark the center point to recognize the center.
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Step 11: Now project both the ends down to draw the Elevation View.

Step 12: Draw one reference line Horizontally with Proportionate distance, now from there Start
drawing the Yoke Height, Core Height and Yoke Height.
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Step 13: Project the each layer downwards, and later trim the unwanted part.

Step 14: Do the Hatching in the projected part layer wise keep the same scale factor, as in Plan View.
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Step 15: Do the Proper dimensioning and label each part using MText Command.

Step 16: Finally do not forget to put the nut and bolts arrangement.
Use Auto CAD 2013

Solution for Example.1

*Dimension and hatching is the most important work to do.

** Insulation between core and LV winding , LV and HV winding is must.

Note: *If any difficulty in doing the thick insulation then increase the line width and enable LWT in the
status bar.

***In the above fig. It has been asked to show the plan and the elevation view in right half & right half
of a right limb in sec, therefore left part is covered with the end cover ie. why it has been hatced
Example 2.Draw the front elevation left half in section ,sectional plan of a transformer with the
dimensions given below .Single phase core type 15 kVA 50Hz distribution on type transformer

Details of the magnetic circuit

Cross section of core =63mm x 91.6 mm
Window= 298.5 mm x 114.5 mm
Yoke height =63.5 mm
Details of Electrical Circuit
LV winding – No of coils on each leg=1 No of turns/coil=72
HV winding – No of coils on each leg=1 No of turns/coil=720

Steps for Drawing the Diagram

Units =mm , Zoom all

Line(L) = Draw the appropriate lines as per the given dimensions,and construct the frame (plan view).
Line ,Offset ,Trim ,Circle = Use these commands while drawing the respective view.*
Use circle command to draw the different layers of the LV and HV
windings as per the given dimension.
For the elevetion view just project the respective lines appropriately.
Do the respective insulations b/w LV and HV winding as per the
dimensions.
After completing the plan and elevation view do the Hatching
Hatch(BH)= Select the appropriate size of hatching and pick the respective hatching points/blocks.
Dimension=Type Linear Dimension mark all dimensions.**
Mtext = Mark the heading for the drawing.

*Dimension and hatching is the most important work to do.

** Insulation between core and LV winding , LV and HV winding is must.

Note:

If any difficulty in doing the thick insulation then increase the line width and enable LWT in the status
bar.
Use Auto CAD 2013

Solution for Example.2

***In the above fig. It has been asked to show the plan and the elevation view in left half & Left limb
in sec, therefore right part is covered with the end cover ie. why it has been hatced
3 Phase Core Type Transformer
Example 3 The following are the details of 3 phase core type transformer draw the following
1.Plan of a transformer assemble showing one limb in section.
2.Elevation of the transformer assemble showing one limb in section.
Core: 3 stepped construction; Core dia= 220 mm
Height of core=480mm
Height of yoke=250 mm
Centre to centre distance between limb= 350mm
LV winding:
Inside dia of LV winding =231mm
windingis in 2 layers total radial thickness= 13.3mm
Radial thickness of 1 layer=7.7mm no. Of turns/layer=13mm
Total height of the LV winding is=427mm
HV winding
Inside dia of HV winding =276.5mm
Outside dia of HV winding =340mm

Steps for Drawing the Diagram

Units,=mm ,Zoom all

Line(L) = Draw the appropriate lines as per the given dimensions,and construct the frame (plan view).
Line ,Offset ,Trim ,Circle = Use these commands while drawing the respective view.*
Use circle command to draw the different layers of the LV and HV
windings as per the given dimension.
For the elevetion view just project the respective lines appropriately.
Do the respective insulations b/w LV and HV winding as per the
dimensions.
After completing the plan and elevation view do the Hatching
Hatch(BH)= Select the appropriate size of hatching and pick the respective hatching points/blocks.
Dimension=Type Linear Dimension mark all dimensions.**
Mtext = Mark the heading for the drawing.

*Dimension and hatching is the most important work to do.

** Insulation between core and LV winding , LV and HV winding is must.

Note:

If any difficulty in doing the thick insulation then increase the line width and enable LWT in the status
bar.
Use Auto CAD 2013

Solution for Example.3

***In the above fig. It has been asked to show the plan and the elevation view of one limb in
sec, therefore other part of the limbs is covered with the end cover ie. why it has been hatced

** Use Standard Formula For Drawing the 3 Stepped Core

Shell Type Transformer
Example 4 : Draw the Full sectional elevation and plan of the single phase shell type transformer for
the following 125 kVA Single phase
Core Width of central limb =14cm Overall
height of the core =38 cm Overall
width of the core = 54 cm Overall
Depth of the core = 37 cm Window
dimension =13x24 cm
Winding 4HV coils 4LV coils place alternatively
Rectangular coil dimension : Inside=15x41
Outside:35x61
Thickness=2cm
Insulation support b/w coils =1cm
Steps for Drawing the Diagram
Units=mm , Zoom all
Line(L) = Draw the appropriate lines as per the given dimensions,and construct the frame (plan view).
Line ,Offset ,Trim ,Mirror = Use these commands while drawing the respective view.*
For the elevetion view just project the respective lines appropriately.
Do the respective insulations b/w LV and HV winding as per the dimensions.
After completing the plan and elevation view do the Hatching
Hatch(BH)= Select the appropriate size of hatching and pick the respective hatching points.
Dimension=Type Linear Dimension mark all dimensions.**
Mtext = Mark the heading for the drawing.
*Dimension and hatching is the most important work to do.

** Insulation between core and LV winding , LV and HV winding is must.

Note:

If any difficulty in doing the thick insulation then increase the line width and enable LWT in the status
bar.

***In the above fig. It has been asked to show the plan and the elevation view

Step 1: Do the Page settings to set the Units, Limits, Zoom and All.
The first step is to draw the Reference Line. This can be done by making use of simple
concept with the line, Just analyze the total height of the transformer and according to that
draw the reference line, here in this problem the total width of the transformer is 54 cm so I
have taken the reference as 100,100(x,y) ie vertically and horizontally. The same is shown
below fig.
(Note: Be careful while drawing the reference line, otherwise ,the x&y coordinate origin arrows will
disturb during the drawing , The solution for this is draw the vertical reference line away and alien to
the x axis origin.)
Step 2: Draw the Middle Limb first give the half dimensions in Left and Half in Right Side.
Step 3: Draw the window width i.e. 13 cm

Step:4 Draw the Yoke Width .

Step:5 Now take the Mirror Image and you will get the view shown in the fig below.

Step:6 Do the same thing even in the vertical side. Draw the height of the transformer.
Step:7 Now Draw the Height of the Yoke(Upper) , height of the window & Height of the Yoke (Lower)

Step: 8 Trim the Unwanted part and give the proper dimensions. This shown in fig below.
Step:9 Draw the Projection, Pull the both the ends downwards. Draw one reference line horizontally
proportionate to the width of the transformer.

Step:10 Now from there draw the total Depth of the Transformer i.e. 37cm
Step: 11 Now take the dimensions of inside rectangular ring i.e. Height =41 cm and width=15 cm

Step:12 Trim the unwanted portions and later hatch the insulation.
Step: 13 Draw the outer details of the rectangular ring. i.e. Height =61cm and width=35 cm. thus it is
shown below.

Step: 14 Project the Rectangular Ring dimensions upwards to draw the different Coils of winding. Now
from this You will come to know the width of the each coil.
Step: 15 Now from here draw the 0.5 height for insulation and 2 cm height for coil and 1cm for
Insulation. 0.5cm is taken to fit the insulation properly.

Step:16 Then copy the same by using the picking points only 3 times .
Step:17 Now take the mirror Image by keeping it in center.

Step:18 Now hatch the entire coils and provide the insulation.
Step:19 Do the complete hatching , Provide the nut bolt (refer 2nd Shell type Problem) Lastly donnt
forget to give the dimensions and Labeling.
Solution for problem :4 Shell type Transformer.
Example 5:Draw to a Right half sectional Elevation
View and Right Half Sectioal Plan View of a Single
Phase 120 KVA 2000/400 Shell type Transformer
Solution for
Example.5

Steps for Drawing the Diagram

Units=mm , Zoom all
Line(L) = Draw the appropriate lines as per the given dimensions,and construct the frame (plan view).
Line ,Offset ,Trim ,Mirror = Use these commands while drawing the respective view.*
For the elevetion view just project the respective lines appropriately.
Do the respective insulations b/w LV and HV winding as per the
dimensions. After completing the plan and elevation view do the Hatching
Hatch(BH)= Select the appropriate size of hatching and pick the respective hatching points.
Dimension=Type Linear Dimension mark all dimensions.**
Mtext = Mark the heading for the drawing.
*Dimension and hatching is the most important work to do.

** Insulation between core and LV winding , LV and HV winding is must.

Note: If any difficulty in doing the thick insulation then increase the line

width and enable LWT in the status bar.

***In the above fig. It has been asked to show and the elevation view and the plan view

Problems you can solve by Yourself

Problem 1. For three phase transformer, draw the half sectional plan With. the
following. details and also show the arrangements of insulation and oil ducts
positions.
Core details:
Three stepped core
Diameter of the core = 120mm
Width of largest stamping = 110mm
Width of smallest stamping = 70mm
LV winding:
Outer diameter = 152mm
Thickness = 10mm
HV winding:
Outer diameter = 200mm
Thickness = 10mm
Insulation:
LV insulation = 6mm
HV insulation = 6mm
Oil ducts for HV = 8mm

Problem 2 Develop the sectional plan and elevation of one limb of a single
phase transformer with following details:
(i) Two stepped core
(ii) Circumscribing circle diameter = 11.3 cm
(iii) LV winding diameter = 12.5 cm
(iv) Outer diameter of LV winding=14 cm
(v) Outer diameter of HV winding=18.4 cm
(vi) inner diameter of HV Winding=16 cm
(vii) Height of LV winding = 20.6 cm
(vii) Height of HV winding = 20 cm
Problem 3 Draw sectional plan of both the limbs of a single phase distribution
transformer with the dimensions given below:
(i) Core = two stepped
(ii) Cross section of core = 31.5 mm x 45.8 mm
(iii) Yoke height = 31.75 mm
(iv) Thickness of LV winding insulation = 0.5 mm
(v) Thickness of HV winding insulation = 0.7 mm
(vi) Outer diameter of HV winding = 117.8 mm
(vii) Inner diameter of HV winding = 77.8 mm

Problem 4 Draw the sectional plan for any two limbs and elevation for centre limb of
three phase transformer with following details:
(i) Core = 3 stepped
(ii) Diameter of the circumscribing circle = 67.6 (iii) Thickness of insulation of LV
winding = 0.3 (iv) Thickness of insulation of HV winding = 0.5 (v) Thickness of LV
winding = 8
(vi) Thickness of HV winding = 15
(vii) Centre to centre distance between limbs = 46.5
(viii) Height of the yoke = 30

All the dimensions are in mm. Assume the missing data suitably.

Problem 5 Draw the elevation and sectional plan (right half in section) for a given
transformer details:
(i) Three phase transformer
(ii) Cross section area of core = 47.25 x 68.7
(iii) Height of window = 223.9
(iv) Width of window = 85.9 (v) Height of the yoke = 47.6
(vi) Number of layers in LV winding = 2 (vii) Number of layers in HV winding = 3
(viii) Thickness of LV winding each layer = 10
(ix) Thickness of HV winding each layer = 15
(x) Insulation between core and LV = 1.8 (xi) Insulation between layers = 0.35

All the dimensions are in mm. Assume the missing data suitably.
Problem 6 Draw the sectional plan of two limbs for three phase transformer with
following details:
(i) Core = 3 stepped
(ii) Diameter of the circumscribing circle = 84.5
(iii) Thickness of insulation of LV winding = 0.5
(iv) Thickness of insulation of HV winding = 0.8
(v) Thickness of LV winding = 10
(vi) Number of LV Winding Layers =2
(vii) Insulation between each layer =0.5
(viii) centre to centre distance between each layer=58

Problem 7 Draw the Sectional Plan of one limb of a single phase, 11kV/440 V, transformer -Core-
Cruciform (Two Stepped)
Dia. of circumcircle = 33 cm
Inside and outside dia. of LV and HV windings are- 35,39,44,49 cm, respectively.
Core laminations are fixed by means of two plates of 3 mm thick, by M12 bolt

Problem 8 Draw Sectional Elevation, Sectional Plan and End-view of a 5 kVA, core type, single phase
transformer for the data given -Circumscribing Circle = 80 mm diameter
Width of Core = 55 mm, Height of Yoke = 65 mm
LV –Internal diameter = 83mm
LV –External diameter = 98mm
HV –Internal diameter = 114mm
HV –External diameter = 135mm
Over all width of the magnetic frame = 215mm
Over all height of the magnetic frame = 350mm
Center to center distance between limbs =160mm

Problem 9 Draw the following views of a 3 phase, core type, 250 kVA, 11 kV / 400 V transformer
Front elevation in full section and ii) Plan in full section
Cross section of the core: 3 Stepped
Diameter of the circum circle = 24 cm
Centre to centre distance between adjacent limbs = 42.5 cm
Yoke height = 25 cm
Total height of transformer = 100 cm
Problem 10 Draw the half sectional elevation and half sectional plan of a Shell Type transformer,
which is rated as 125 kVA, 2000 V/ 400 V, Single Phase, 50 Hz. The details are given
below-
Dimension of core: Central leg = 14 x 35cm, Outer legs = 7 x 35 cm, Yoke = 7 x 35 cm,
Window = 28 cm x 14 cm
LV winding: Sandwich, Coil dimension = 1.8 cm x 10 cm, Number of coils = 4
HV winding: Sandwich, Coil dimension = 2.0 cm x 10 cm, Number of coils = 4

Problem 11 Draw the half sectional elevation, half sectional plan and end view of a 100 kVA, 2200 V
/ 480 V, single phase, core type transformer
Diameter of circum circle = 245 mm,
Step dimensions are- 100,172,220 mm respectively,
Window = 150mm x 300mm,
Total turns in LV winding = 66,
Total turns in HV winding = 300,
Winding strip size for low voltage side = 11.8x3.5mm -2off,
Winding strip size for high voltage side = 5.2x3.46 mm
Delta Gap between LV and HV windings = 10 mm

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