Words to Learn Grammar Appendix Words to Learn Grammar Appendix Words to Learn Grammar Appendix Words to Learn RiGee y AT cm OCE SEES ETT a esc ) Ure Cy Grammar Appendix Words to Learn Grammar Appendix Words to Learn Grammar Appendix Words to Learn Grammar Appendix Words to Learn Grammar Appendix Words to Learn Grammar Appendix Words to Lean Grammar Appendix ‘Words from the Text Irregular Verb List Grammar Appendix Check Yourself! Answer Key. 136 138 140 141 143 144 146 147 149 150 152 153 155 156 158 159 161 162 164 165 167 169 172Introduction Words to Learn aunt feent/ tia cousin /"kxan/ primota daughter /dxta/ hije ‘grandparents /'graenpeorants/ abuelos desert /‘dezat/ desierto island /‘aland/ river /"rwva/ ro stream /strim/ arroyo | Weather J cloudy /klacdi/ nubladola cool fhul/ frescola sunny /'sani/ soleadofa (it's ~: hace sol) warm /waam/ célido/a, templado/a bear /bea/ 050 cow /kav/ vaca deer /dta/ ciervo giralle /dgo'rerf/jirafa gece a aie/Zaon monkey /'mayki/ mono pi /pig/ cerdo rabbit /‘raebit/ conejo sheep /lip/ ovejals snake /sneik/ sefpiente Eee face frew/ cara ‘ur /tx/ pelo, pelaje; piel mouth /'mau®/ boca neck /nek/ cuello paws /paz/ patas; garras, zarpas stomach /'stamak/ barriga ‘ll /tetl/ cola, rabo tongue /tan/ lengua Tr Re basketball /"baskutbal/ baloncesto cycling /'sarkluy/ ciclisr rollerblading /‘raolablerdny/ patinaje en linea skiing /‘skimy/ esqui snowboarding /'snaubadiy/ snowboard, surf de nieve surfing /'safip/ surf tennis /‘temss/ tenis volleyball /‘vnlibat/ voleibol, balonvolea Cy bakery /"berkori/ panaderia bank /bzeyk/ banco butcher's /"borfar/ carniceria cole ('hafer/ cafeteria, café chemist armacia church /tfax[/ iglesia cinema /‘sinama/ cine hospital /"hospitl/ hospital \brary /‘larbrori/ biblioteca post office /'paust nfis/ oficina de correos sweet shoo /"switt fop/ tienda de chucherias boots /buss/ botas ess /dres/ vestido hat /haet/ gorrola; sombrero jacket /‘dgeekit/ chaqueta jesns /dgimz/ pantalones vaqueros sandals /'sendlz/ sandalias scarf /sket/ bufanda shirt /foxt/ cami shorts /fxts/ pantalones cortos socks /soks/ calcetines ‘yainers /‘treinaz/ zapatillas de deporte wousers /"travzo2/ pantalones Tshirt /‘tisfat/ camisetacoy apple /"epl beef /1 nanzana ternera cabbage /‘katbidg/ col, repollo cheese /tfiz/ queso grape /grerp/ wa bam /hzem/ jamon juice /dgus/ zumo lamb /lzm/ cordero lettuce /‘Teus/ lechuga melon /‘melan/ melén mushroom 'malrem/ champinion orange /'ormnds/ naranja sausage /'sostds/ salchicha strawberry /‘strabari/ fresa yoghurt /"jngat/ yogur 1 Choose the word that doesn’t belong. Write the answers in your notebook. 1. desert « river library «island 2. cool » sunny * stomach # warm 3. cousin # deer « grandparents + daughter 4, stream # pig « gorilla » sheep 5. bakery # aunt « bank » sweet shop 2 In your notebook, match the animals to their descriptions, 1. an animal with long ears a. bear 2.an animal with along neck —_b, snake 3. an animal with no legs ©. rabbit 4, It gives us milk 4. giratfe 5. a big brown or black animale. cow 3 Use the circled letters in each puzzle to make six parts of the body. Copy and complete the chart with the words. OG a g}h} ©) kw ee Language Lab Intro 4 Copy and complete the chart with the words 6 below. lamb « shirt + tennis + beef + skiing * socks trousers * yoghurt + chemist's « trainers rollerblading * church + jeans * juice Post office » snowboarding * jacket Match the definitions to the correct word. Write the answers in your notebook. 1. a red fruit a. dress 2. an item of clothing . cheese around the neck cinema 3. a sport with a net d.gyding 4. a place to buy meat . scarf 5. summer shoes f hat 6. food frorn milk g.café 7. asporton a bicycle h. surfing 8, a type of meat apple 9. an item of clothing you j. volleyball wear on your head Evcabhage 10. a place to see a film 1 twiehers 11, a type of vegetable ee 12, a place to eat Bead 13. a water sport 14, something girls wear, but boys don't Copy and complete the sentences to show you understand the words in bold. 1.1 think sausages are 2, Amonkey has got 3. People go to a hospital when .. 4, tis usually cloudy 5, People don’t usually put mushrooms on 6. When you play basketball, you _. 7. You put lettuce in 8. You usually wear boots How many other words can you remember for each vocabulary group on pages 136-1377 Make a list in your notebook.EE ——————————————— Language Lab Intro Grammar Appendix carn got El verbo to be significa “ser /estar” y, en algunos casos, “tener”, En presente tiene tres formas: am, is y are, {que se suelen contraer con el pronombre personal sujeto al hablar. En negativa se afiade la particula not a las ttes formas, ola contraccion n't alas formas is y are. En interrogativa, el verbo se pone delante del sujeto. Las respuestas breves se forman con el pronombre personal sujeto y el verbo to be, sin contraer en afirmativa 0 contraido en negativa ‘Are they at the bank? No, they aren‘t, They're at the cinema, (Estan en el banco? No. Estan en el cine.) Ei verbo have got significa “tener” y expresa lo que poseemos 0 las caracteristcas de alguien o algo cuando lo deseribimos. En presente tiene dos formas, have got y has got. En negativa se afade la particula not o la contraccion n't (haven't / hasn’t) En interrogativa se pone Have / Has + el sujeto + got. En las respuestas breves se pone el pronombre personal sujeto y have / haven't o has / hasn't, sin got. Have you got a pig? No, | haven't, but 've got a rabbit. (:Tienes un cerdo? No, pero tengo un conejo.) ‘There is y There are significan “hay”. There is va delante de nombres contables en singular y de nombres ro contables. There are va delante de nombres contables en plural There is a snake in the desert. (Hay una serpiente en el desierto.) There is cheese in the sandwich. (Hay queso en el séndwich.) There are books in the library. (Hay libros en la biblioteca.) La negativa se forma afiadiendo not o la contraccién n't a is y are. There are not / aren't T-shirts in the shop. (No hay camisetas en la tienda.) En interrogativa se pone Is / Are delante de there. En las respuestas breves se vuelve al orden normaly, si son negativas, se usan las formas contraidas. Is there beef on the menu? Yes, there is. /No, there isn’t. (cHay ternera en la carta? Si./No.) ER EI Present Simple se usa para expresar habitos y verdades generales, y para hablar de gustos, opiniones y horarios. Suele ir acompanado de las siguientes expresiones temporales: every day (todos los dias), at night (por la noche), on + dia de la semana en plural, etc. Todas pueden ir al principio o al final de la frase, pero se suelen poner al final. También se utlizan estos adverbios de frecuencia: always (siempre), usually (normalmente), often (a menudo), sometimes (a veces, algunas veces), rarely (rara vez) y never (nunca). 1 always play tennis with my brother (Siempre juego al tenis con mi hermano.) Surfing is a water sport. El surf es un deporte acustico,) Hove strawberries. (Me encantan las fresas.) The post office opens at 9.00. (La oficina de correos abre a es 9.) En afirmativa es igual que el infnitivo sin to, excepto en la 3” persona del singular, en la que se afiade -s. En algunos casos, dependiendo de la terminacion del verbo, se afiade -es: # Siacaba en ss, sh, ch yx pass —* passes wash > washes teach -* teaches mix > mixes * Siacaba en o: do does go -* goes «Si acaba en consonante + y, se cambia la y por una i antes de afadirle la terminacion -es: study —* studies camry + carries La negativa se forma poniendo don't / doesn't delante del verbo. I don't play basketball, (No juego al baloncesto.) En interrogativa se pone Do / Does + el sujeto + el verbo. En las respuestas breves se pone el pronombre personal sujeto + do / does 0 don’t / doesn’t, segin correspond Do you like skiing? Yes, Ido. / No, | don’t. (cTe gusta el esqul? Si. /No.) Sila pregunta tiene una particula interrogativa, se pone esta primero, antes de do / does. Where do you buy medicine? (:Donde compras medicinas?) MesLanguage Lab Intro El Present Continuous El Present Continuous expresa lo que esté ocurriendo mientras hablamos o en el periodo de tiempo presente. Suele ir acompanado de estas expresiones temporales: at the moment (en este momento), now (ahora), right now (2hora mismo), today (hoy), etc. Todas pueden ir al principio o al final de la frase, pero se suelen poner al final Barty is swimming in the river. (Barry esta nadando en el rio.) La afirmativa se forma con el presente del verbo to be + Un verbo terminado en ~ing. En los siguientes casos, hay ue fijarse en estas reglas ortograficas para anadir -ing al verbo: * Si acaba en e muda, se pierde la e arrive —* arriving *+ Siesde 1 silaba y acaba en 1 vocal + 1 consonante que no sea w 0 x, se dobla esta consonante put putting pero show ~* showing * Sies de 2 silabas y se pronuncia como palabra aguda, se dobla la consonante final: refer —* referring begin + beginning ‘+ Sitiene 2 silabas y acaba en una |, se dobla esa letra travel» travelling * Si acaba en ie, se cambian estas dos letras por una y: die dying En negativa se afiade la particula not a las formas am, is y are, o la contraccion n't a is y are. Your sister isn’t wearing the red dress. (Tu hermana no lleva puesto el vestido rojo.) En interrogativa se pone e! verbo to be + el sujeto + un verbo terminado en -ing. En las respuestas breves afirmativas se pone el pronombre personal sujeto seguido de am, is o are, pero en las negativas is y are se contraen con la particula not, 4s he playing tennis at the moment? Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t. (cEst jugando al tenis en este momento? Si. / No.) Si la pregunta tiene una particula interrogativa, se pone esta primero, antes de am /is / are. What is he doing now? (;Qué esté haciendo ahora?) 1 Choose the correct answer. Write the answers in your notebook. 1. Ithas got /is / am cloudy today. 2. |have got / has got / am six cousins 3. You have got / Have you got / Are you a new jacket? 4. The cherist’s aren't / are /isn’t on Green Street 5. They are / Are they / They aren't at the cinema? 6. A bear hasn't got/ haven't got / have got a long tal 2. There are / There is / Are there five oranges in my bag 8. There is / Are there / Is there a café near your house? Copy and complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Simple. 1, He usually .. (wear) jeans and a Tshirt 2, ou they often .. (meet) at this cafe? 3. Rob... (not like) cabbage. 4.1... (play) tennis twice a week. 5... Mer always . (ride) her bike to school? Copy and complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Continuous. 1.1. (go) rollerblading right now. 2, .« You... (watch) a film at the moment? 3. Look at the monkey. It... (ump) from tree to tree. 41a. (not use) my calculator right now. You can use it 5. Where ... Dad .. (work) now? 1 answers, see page 167Words to Learn avocado /ava'karday/ aguacate biscuit gallet broccoll /brokali/ br6coli, brécol butter /"bato/ mantequilla cauliflower /*koliflava/ colflor cereza li /thli/ guindila ilsps /krisps/ patatas fritas (de bolsa) drinking chocolate /dmykiy foklat/ chocolate (ala taza) Jom /dgeem/ mermelada lemonade /lemo'neid/ limonada (Am. Eng.) refresco / gaseosa de limon (Br. Eng.) len ashed potatoes /meeft pa'tentaur/ puré de patatas milkshake /'mutkferk/ batido muesli /‘mjuzli/ muesli nulls /msts/ frutos secos mlat/ tortilla prawns /prome/ gambi esoberty /‘razbari/ frambuesa salmon /‘seman/ salmén spinach /‘ypymu/ espinacas steak /sterk/ filete st/ tostada sena/ atin toast tuna /'tj Cy baked /berkt/ asado/a, al horno, delicious /ai'hlas/ deliciosofa fresh /frel/ fresco/a tried / frozen /"fravzn/ congelado/a gelled /grild/ {asado/a) a la parrilla oily / raw /rx/ crudola Selly /'sxlti/ saladofa sour /'sava/ agriola, acidola spicy /‘spaisi/ picante; muy condimentado/a ty dulce Tee ee 1 Copy and complete the chart with the food below. cherry « broccoli + tuna + mashed potatoes cauliflower « lemonade * raspberry + spinach salmon + milkshake 2. Choose the food item that doesn’t belong in each category. Write the answers in your notebook. 1. sweet: raspberry jam * omelette * cherry 2. salty: crisps * nuts milkshake 3. oily: butter » biscuits « fried bacon 4. grilled: drinking chocolate + steak * prawns 5. fresh: avocado © chil « toast 3 Copy and complete the sentences with the words below. fresh * sour» frozen + baked * fried delicious + raw « spicy 1. wm food is oily. 2. lee cream is a. food, 3. Chill sauce is very 4. Love this restaurant. The food is... | 5. We get... vegetables from our garden every day. 6. Bread is a... food. 7. The fish in sushi is 8. Alemon is... 4 What is it? Write the answers in your notebook. 1. People often eat this for breakfast. Its got fruit and nuts in it 2. They/te very small and they're often black, brown ‘or orange. People make soup with them. 3. This drink has often got fruit and ice cream init. 4, This meat comes from a pig. 5 Where do the types of food come from? Match ‘Ato B. Write the answers in your notebook. A B 1. jam a. potatoes: 2. crisps b. bread 3. toast c. aplant 4. omelette 4. eggs 5. spinach e. fruitLanguage Lab Unit > Grammar Appendix Articulos y cuantificadores * a /an (un/a) se usa con nombres contables en singular delante de un sustantivo que no es conocido por el hablamte. Se escribe an cuando el sustantivo que lo sigue empieza por vocal have got a biscuit. (Tengo una galleta.) There is an avocado. (Hay un aquacate.) * the (el, la, los, las) se usa con nombres contables y no contables delante de un sustantivo conocido por el habiante I've got some pizzas. The pizzas are from the supermarket. (Tengo [algunas] pizzas. Las pizzas son del supermercado.) * some (unos/as, algunos/as, algo de, un poco de [o no se traducel) se usa con nombres contables en plural y no contables. We've got some apples. (Tenemos [algunas] manzanas.) There is some coffee. (Hay [algo de] café.) ‘+ any se usa con nombres contables en plural y no contables. En frases negativas significa “ningurvuna, nada de” 0 no se traduce. En frases interrogativas significa “alguin/una, algunos/as, algo de" 0 no se traduce. There aren't any sausages. (No hay ninguna salchicha. / No hay salchichas.) Have you got any tuna? (Tienes [algo de] atin?) + a lot of (mucho/a/os/as, un monton de) se usa con nombyes contables en plural y no contables: eat a lot of oranges. (Como muchas naranjas.) There is a lot of food. (Hay mucha comida.) ‘© many (muchos/as) se usa con nombres contables en plural There are many tomatoes in the fridge. (Hay muchos tomates en el frigorifico.) ‘+ much (mucho/a) solo se usa en oraciones negativas e interrogativas y con nombres no contables. Thaven’t got much time. (No tengo mucho tiempo.) ‘+ How much? (/Cuanto/a?) se usa delante de nombres no contables. Cuando va con el verbo to be sirve para preguntar el precio de una cosa, How much fruit do you want? (Cuanta fruta quieres?) How much is a kilo of apples? (:Cuanto cuesta / es un kilo de manzanas?) + How many? (:Cuantos/as?) solo puede ir con nombres contables en plural How many tomatoes do you need for the salad? (:Cudntos tomates necesitas para la ensalada?) 1 Make two lists in your notebook ~ Countable Nouns and Uncountable Nouns - and write the words below on your lists. Then answer the questions below. j bios llebeidelabeaileabblehhtcce tai dlssttehabacteneitckclck i beetcatehs j A B BRC Dish gee “1. lemonade 2. raspbery 3. tomato 4. oll 5. nut J 6.bisuit ——7sauce Boll 9. rice 10. potato 11. bread 12.olve_—13.cartot_—14.mik ‘15. muesli: 316 omelette 17. salt 18 melon 19, bacon 20. tea Ee 1. Which column has got four countable nouns? 2. Which column has got four uncountable nouns? 2 Copy and complete the charts with the words below. Use a/ an or some. ayocato + omelette * carrot + flour + ice cream + sugar spinach * bacon « biscuit « water * olive « cherry ‘an avocado some avocadosLanguage Lab Unit) 3 Choose the correct answer. Write the answers in your notebook. 1, There is a fantastic film at the cinema. | want to see. fil a. some b. the any 2, There isn't... sugar in my coffee. aa ban © any 3. | want... croissant and some hot chocolate. aa ban «. some 4, There is — muesli, Do you want some? a, many b. alot of much 5. Lwant _. water, please, aa ban «some 6. This is a popular film. ... people want to see it. a. Much b. Many tied cry cried «+ Sies de 1 silaba y acaba en 1 vocal + 1 consonante que no sea w 0 x, se dobla la consonante plan planned: stop — stopped pero fix > fixed + Sies de 2 silabas y tiene el acento en la ultima, se dobla la ultima consonante: prefer— preferred permit» permitted ‘= Si acaba en |, se dobla esa letra: travel + travelled Los verbos irregulares son diferentes y hay que saber de memoria sus formas de pasado (ver pags. 170-171), La negativa se forma poniendo didn’t delante del verbo y es igual en todas las personas del singular y plural Julie didn’t bring her passport. Julie no trajo su pasaporte.) En interrogativa se pone Did + sujeto + verbo. En las respuestas breves se pone el pronombre personal sujeto + did / didn’t, segin corresponda, Did you live in Paris? Yes, | did. / No, | didn’t. (zViviste en Paris? Si. /No) Sila pregunta tiene una particula interrogativa, se pone esta primero, antes de did. Where did you meet her? (:Dénde la conociste?) 1 Copy and complete the sentences below. Use the Past Simple. 1, We... (go) on a tour of London 2. Yesterday, |... (take) some beautiful pictures in the Copy and complete the sentences. Use the park Past Simple. 3, They .. (hike) up the Pennine mountains. Yesterday, we (sal) from Cyprus to Rhodes — they Alex il She ... (send) me a text message ten minutes ago. Where she ... (find) that ugly dog? you. (femember) to take your passport? | (not take) my phone charger. Last year, | (buy) a beautiful jacket in Italy (help) you on Saturday? (ot play) in the game because he was 4, Alice and |... (not play) tennis yesterday. 5. We ... (not see) a film last week, 6. The family (stay) in a tent 2 In your notebook, write questions in the Past Simple. 1. when / they /live /in Australia 2. you / call / Sandra / last night 3. what / you / eat / for dinner / yesterday 4. where / she / get / those / cool boots 5, why / they / leave / early / this morning 6. when / the rain / stop ® Answers, see page 167 freeLanguage Lab unit) Son las formas de pasado de There is y There are y, por Io tanto, significan “habia” o “hubo” Se traducen siempre en singular, aunque en inglés haya una forma para el singular y otra para el plural ‘There was indica que habia una cosa, sea un nombre contable en singular 0 uno no contable. There was a swamp in the forest. (Habla un pantano en el bosque.) There was some sun cream in the bag. (Habia crema solar en la bolsa.) There were indica que habia dos cosas o més, y por eso se utiliza con nombres contables en plural There were caves in the forest. (Habia cuevas en el bosque.) En negativa se afade [a particula not o la contraccion n‘t (wasn't / weren't) There weren't any clothes in the suitcase. (No habia ropa en la maleta.) En interrogativa se pone Was / Were delante de there, y en las respuestas breves se vuelve al ‘orden normal. Si son negativas, se usan las formas contraidas. Were there any waterfalls in the river? Yes, there were. / No, there weren't. (cHabia cascadas en el rio? Si. / No) 3 Copy and complete the sentences with the correct form of There was or There were. 1.1 saw many interesting animals in Kenya. ions, elephants, zebras and giraffes, 2. =a good tent at the shop, but it was very expensive. 3. The stadium was full... any empty seats. 4, ... any tuna, So | made you a cheese sandwich 5. an a lot of people at the photography exhibition in the park? 6, ...a train to York, so | took the bus. 4. Correct one mistake in each sentence. Write the answers in your notebook. 1. We didn’t took the underground, x 2. What did you to do last Sunday? x 3. I sended an e-mail an hour ago. x 4. There wasn’t any clean towels yesterday. x 5, There was a toilet on the bus? x Choose the correct answer. Write the answers in your notebook. 1, There was / There were an excellent film at the cinema last week 2. There was / There were some interesting people at the party 3. Was there / Were there oranges at the supermarket? 4, There wasn’t / There weren't many people at the football match 5. There was / There were a lot of work to do before the party 6. There was / Was there a travel guide about Thailand in the bookshop? 7. There weren't / There wasn't any buses yesterday because of the snowstorm, 8, There were / There was a lot of children at the park on Saturday © Answers, se page 167Words to Learn Ey archeologist /akki’plodgist/ arquedlogo/a euthor /'3@a/ autora banker /"baeyka/ banquero/a businessperson /"bizmaspason/ empresario/a der /'denust/ dentista detective /drtekuv/ detective crector /da'rekta/ director/a electrician /ilek'trin/ electricista former /'fema/ granjero/a judge /dgadg/ juez/a lawyer /"larja/ abogado/a magician /mo'dzsiIn/ mago/e; hechicero/a plumber /'plama/ fontanerova © /pa'lis nfisa/ policia leporter /n'pata/ reportero/a, periodista sollor /'seil/ marinero/a secetary /‘sekratari/ secretario/a police soldier /'sauldga/ soldado spy /spai/ espia waiter /‘werta/ camarero Gio confused /kan'fjuezd/ confuso/a, confundidofa delighted /dt'lamd/ encantado/a disappointed /diso'pamud/ decepcionado/a, desilusionadova disgusted /dis'gasud / asqueado/a 1ass erast/ avergonzadoya exhausted /ig'zasud/ exhausto/a, agotado/a furious /fjearias/ furioso/a guilty /‘gilti/ culpable |colous /‘dgelas/ envidioso/a; celosova optimis stk/ optimista proud /pravd/ orgulloso/a (claxed /mleekst/ relajadova scored /skead/ asustado/a upset /ap'set/ disgustado/a; molesto/a worried /' al tea 1 The words in bold are in the wrong sentences. In your notebook, write the correct word for each sentence. 1. A lawyer works in a restaurant. 2. A director finds sectet information. 3. A dentist sells things. 4. A businessperson makes films. 5. Aspy writes legal documents. 6. Awaiter examines people's teeth. 2 What do these people do? In your notebook, write a sentence about each person. sailor + reporter + archeologist + secretary police officer 3 Choose the correct answer. Write the answers in your notebook. 1. Charles Dickens was a famous electrician / author / soldier. He wrote about life in England, 2. Donald Trump is a businessperson / dentist / spy. He opened some big hotels and casinos 3, Steven Spielberg is a famous farmer / director / banker. Javs was one of his frst films 4, David Blaine is a famous plumber / sailor / jan. He often does shows in the street 5. Tandy Angel is an amateur judge / detective / secretary. She solves difficult mysteries. 4. Read the speech bubbles. Then choose the correct answer. Write the answers in your notebook. a gy rey 7 UY, Kate is guilty / delighted / upset. lisa won the Jess is scared / furious / disappointed. Bee & s D =a Ate, he. Her parents are proud / Brad is optimistic / exhausted / worried. confused / scared. @ The restaurant was very dirty Sara is relaxed / jealous / worried. They were confused / embarrassed / disgusted.Language Lab Unit 3) Grammar Appendix GUE EI Past Continuous se usa para decir lo que estaba acurriendo en un momento concreto del pasado y para hablar de dos o mas acciones prolongadas y simultaneas en el pasado, unidas por while o as. Se suele usar con estas expresiones temoorales: las que llevan ago (hace) al final de la expresién, at + una hora, last night (anoche), yesterday morning / afternoon (ayer por la mafiana / tarde), etc. Todas pueden ir al principio o al final de la frase, pero se suelen poner al final En afirmativa se forma con was / were + un verbo terminado en -ing I was watching a documentary yesterday afternoon. (Estaba viendo un documental ayer por la tarde.) We were watching TV while she was reading a book. (€stabamos viendo la televisi6n mientras ella estaba leyendo un libro.) En negativa se aftade la particula not o la contraccién n't a was / were (wasn't y weren't) The police officers weren’t examining the house last night. (Los poiicias no estaban examinando la casa anoche.) En interrogativa se pone Was / Were + el sujeto + un verbo terminado en «ing, En las respuestas breves se pone el pronombre personal sujeto y was / were o wasn’t / weren't. Was he wearing black clothes? Yes, he was. / No, he wasn’t. (cLlevaba puesta ropa negra? Si.//No.) Sila pregunta tiene una particula interrogativa, se pone esta primero, antes de was / were. What were you doing at ten o'clock? (Qué estabas haciendo a las diez en punto?) 1 Copy and complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Continuous. They in th {iy — foley) fooibelin the park at 3,00, Copy and complete the sentences with the 2. We... (eat) breakfast on Saturday morning. verbs in brackets. Use the Past Continuous. 1.1 (walk) the dog when it started to rain ~ Alice. (sleep) when the fire started? 3.1 (not watch) the news at 8.00. 4. The electrician... (work) in our flat all morning, 5. The girls — (use) the tennis court yesterday He... (not use) the phone when the accident afternoon. heel 6. My sister... (Sleep) at 12.00 last night. Rita youll (do) ec 9.00 st at 2 In your notebook, write questions with the words David and |. (chat) online at midnight. below. Use the Past Continuous. Atexis and Alan... have) dinner at 8.00? 1. they /jog /in the park at 5.00 Nellie _. (not wear) her school uniform when I 2. why /he / cry saw her, 3. you /sit/ next to Dana / during the exam The detective... (take) pictures when he saw 4, what / they / do / outside the school / last night something strange. 5, why/ the detective / take pictures of our shoes, ® Answers see pege 167 6. your friend / chat online / last night 3. What was happening at 7.00 this morning? In your notebook, write five sentences about you and your family using your own ideas or the words below. Use the affirmative or negative form of the Past Continuous. get dressed * work + go to school « rain have breakfastLanguage Lab unit) CUS CRU Re eet a ALU al Mell cot ll a E! Past Simple indica que la accién ocurriéy termin6 en el tiempo especificado en la frase mientras que el Past Continuous se usa para referirse a acciones prolongadas que estaban cocurriendo en el pasado, She watched a James Bond film last night. (Vio una pelicula de James Bond anache.) He was reading a book yesterday afternoon. (Estuvo leyendo un libro ayer por la tarde.) Se usan los dos tiempos juntos para indicar que en medio de una accién larga ocurrié algo. La ‘accion mas breve lleva when y el verbo en Past Simple, y la accién larga lleva las conjunciones while o as y el verbo en Past Continuous. When the police arrived, the thief was escaping through the window. (Cuando lleg6 la policia, e!ladron estaba escapando por la ventana.) The police arrived while the thief was escaping through the window: (La policia legé mientras el ladrdn estaba escapando por la ventana.) 4. Choose the correct answer, Write the answers in your notebook. 1. Matt drove / was driving / were d car when | saw him. 2. While Oliver was tidying his room, he found / was finding / were finding some money. 3. I saw a strange man while | walked / was walking / were walking in the park 4, The men were working on our street when | left / was leaving / were leaving home 5, While we worked / was working / were working in the garden, they were making dinner. ing a red 5 Copy and complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or the Past Continuous. 1, While they... wait) for the train, they bought magazines, It... (6now) when we arrived in New York City. Mathew. (cal) while we were having dinner. | was shopping when I... (lose) my wallet, The students... (not read) the article when the headmaster came in 6. They were walking in the forest when they (hear) a noise. 6 In your notebook, write questions with the words below. Use the Past Simple or the Past Continuous. 1. when / Fred / start / working 2. where / Fred / work / when / the sailors / arrive 3, what / Fred / do / while / the sailors / have / ‘their meal 4, when / the sailors / order / coffee 5. Fred / make / coffee / when / the fire / start 6. where / the fire / start MLL eee 7 Read the detective's notes about a fire ina restaurant. Then, in your notebook, answer the questions in Exercise 6, 4 pm = midnight ~ Fred worked in restaurant. 8 pm- Sailors entered restaurant. 820 pm-915 pm Soilors ate meal ] 830 pm - 9.00 pm - Fred washed dishes. 855 pm ~ Sailors ordered coffee. 900 pm - Fred started to make coffee, | Fire started in kitchen. I! AAAI) Copy and complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or the Past Continuous. 1, We .. (eat) dinner when Alex (send) me a text message, 2. Grace (fall while she (ride) her bike? The monkeys... (play) while we watch) them. We ... (see) a good film while we. fiy) to Sydney. When they... leave) the house, the baby (not sleep). you (walk) to school when you .. (get) my message? While Kim and Jackie ... (make) pottery, Dean (aint) ‘While |_— (sleep) on the train, someone (take) my backpack © Answers, see page 167,Words to Learn Clothing and Accessories belt /belt/_cinturén cap /keep/ gorta coat /kout/ abrigo earrings /‘tarmz/ pendientes flip-flops /‘Nepftops/ chanclas gloves /glavz/ guantes handbag /‘handbzeg/ bolso (de mano) high heels /hat *hislz/ zapatos de tacén mallas chancletas necklace /ineklas/ collar fing /my/ anilo Slippers /'spaz/ zapatilas, pantuflas sunolasses /sanglesiz/ gafas de sl ie /tm/ corbata tracksuit /‘teeksut/ chéndal watch /wot/ reloj (de pusera) Cy «lable /a'fudabl/ asequible, de precio razonable casual /"keyual/ informal, de sport comfortable /'kamftabl/ cémodo/a designer /dr'zama/ de diseno / marca elegant /‘elgant/ elegante fashionable /‘faefnabl/ moderno/a, a la / de moda formal /‘fxnl/ formal; de etiqueta hot /hot/ de moda / gran aceptacion latest /' loose /Ius/ sueltofa, holgado/a old-fashioned /auld’feInd/ anticuado/a, pasado/a de moda outdated / ist/ (el / la) Ultimo/a / mas reciente anticuado/a, pasado/a de moda / practico/a tight /tant/ ajustadova, cefidova, apretado/a sendy /‘wendi/ modernofa, a la / de moda ‘1 What items do people wear on these parts of the body? In your notebook, match the words below to the pictures. belt + gloves + watch « cap + leggings slippers * earrings « tie 2 In your notebook, match the pairs of words to make five fashion items. Then copy the sentences and complete them with the fashion items. es) Soc Gr 4 Gt 1. Girls wear a... with a Tshirt or shirt. Its very short. 2. You usually wear a... for sport. 3. You wear a... around your neck. 4, Women wear... to look tall 5, You wear ... over your eyes. 3 Which are antonyms? Write the antonyms in your notebook. 1. tight # loose 2. hot * comfortable 3. casual + formal 4. trendy » outdated 5. elegant « designer 6. practical + affordable 7. fashionable « old-fashioned 4 In your notebook, match the words to their meanings. 1. latest a. a type of shoes, 2. affordable b. not tight 3 hot an accessory to hold things 4. flip-flops d. outdated 5. casual . clothing for cold weather 6. loose f. an accessory on a finger 7. old-fashioned —_g, not expensive 8, handbag fh. most recent 9. ting i. not formal 10. coat j. trendy and popularLanguage Lab unit B) Grammar Appendix Son verbos auxiliares, por lo que siempre van seguidos de un verbo en la forma base (infinitivo sin to). No se conjugan, asi que no hay que afiadir -s en la 3° persona del singular. En negativa se afade la particula not o la contracci6n n't al verbo modal, y en interrogativa se pone el verbo modal + el sujeto + el verbo en la forma base * Should se usa para dar 0 pedir consejos y para decir lo que se deberta o no hacer. He should wear his new coat. (Deberia ponerse su abrigo nuevo.) ‘© Must significa “deber” y expresa la obligacién y la necesidad 0 conveniencia de hacer algo. You must wear formal clothes. (Debes ponerte ropa formal.) * Mustn't expresa prohibicién, que algo no esta permitido, y también que algo no se debe hacer porque no es conveniente 0 correcto hacerlo. Giils mustn't wear miniskirts at school, (Las chicas no deben llevar minifaldas al colegio.) * Can significa “saber” cuando expresa habilidad o capacidad para hacer algo, y “poder” cuando expresa Posibilidad 0 permiso, My sister can play the piano very well. (Mi hermana sabe tocar el piano muy bien.) You can find the gloves in many colours. (Puedes encontrar los guantes en muchos colores) * Could es el pasado de can. Expresa habilidad y posibilidad en el pasado. She could swim when she was four years old. (Sabia nadar cuando tenla cuatro afos.) couldn't buy a tracksuit yesterday. (Ayer no pude comprar un chandal.) En interrogativa también sirve para pedir permiso o favores, pero de forma mas educada que con can Could you lend me your earrings for the party? (@Podrias prestarme tus pendientes para la fiesta?) + Have to significa “tener que” y expresa, como must, la obligacién o necesidad de hacer algo. La diferencia es que have to si se conjuga y, por eso, [a forma para la 3° persona del singular es diferente (has to). Ademas, se Usa en los tiempos que must no tiene He has to finish his homework this afternoon. (Tiene que acabar los deberes esta tarde.) It was late and they had to leave. (Era tarde y tuvieron que irse.) En negativa se pone don't / doesn’t have to + el verbo, y significa “no tener que” 0 “no tener por qué” You don’t have to dress ike that. (No tienes que / por qué vestrte asi) Recuerda que have to significa lo mismo que must, pero don't have to y mustn't no son equivalentes. You don’t have to go. (No tienes que / por que ir) [no es necesario] You mustn't go. (No debes ir) [est4 prohibido] En interrogativa se pone Do / Does + el sujeto + have to + el verbo. Y en las respuestas breves se pone el ppronombre personal sujeto + do / does o don’t / doesn't. Do | have to weer a tie? Yes, you do, / No, you don't. (cTengo que llevar corbata? Si. / No.) 1 Copy and complete the sentences below with 2. Choose the correct answer. Write the answers should of shouldn't. in your notebook. 1. Students .. wear high heels at schoo! 1. You must / mustn't close the window. 2. Everyone ... drink a lot of water on a hot day. Its raining 3. Max doesn't know anything about computers 2. The mobile phone must / mustn't get wet, He... give people advice. 3, The plane is going to arrive soon. We must / 4, You... wear flip-flops at a wedding, They aren't mustn't be late, nice enough. 4. Lessons start at 8.00, so students must / 5. That dress is beautiful. You .... wear it for the mustn't be at school by 8.00. party 5. You can wear my earrings but you must / 6. t's cold at night. You... take a warm coat. ‘mustn't return them tomorrow. 6. You must / mustn't read the instructions before you wash this item, a eee3 Copy and complete the sentences with can, can't, could or couldn't. 1, My dad was an excellent athlete. When he was my age, he... tun a marathon, 2. Look! ... you see the deer? 3. My brother is very fast. He 30 minutes. 4, Jenny is only four years old. She ... read or write 5. lan all you yesterday because | lost my phone. Tun 10 kilometres in 4. A hundred years ago, the fashion industry was very different. Copy and complete the information with can, can’t, could or couldn't ‘to compare the past and the present. Use the verbs below. make * go * wear * buy A hundred years ago 1, Teenagers ... clothes online. There weren't any ‘computers. 2. Girls... shorts or miniskirts, They wore long skirts. 3. Many gifs... their own clothes. Girls learned to make clothes at home from their mothers. 4, In the UK, boys... to school in long trousers. They wore shorts Now choose + walk * make * shop 1, People ... for clothes on the Internet. 2, Girls ... around the streets with short skirts. 3. Most gis. their own clothes. They buy clothes in shops. 4. In many countries, students .. their clothes for school. They must wear schoo! uniforms. 5 Choose the correct answer. Write the answers in your notebook. 1. In Denmark, students choose what to wear at school. Emil lives in Denmark, so he has to / doesn’t have to wear a school uniform, 2. My dad can’t wear a Tshirt at the Ritz restaurant in London. He has to / have to wear a shirt and tie 3. There is a dress code at the Ascot horse races iin England. Men and women have to/ has to wear hats. 4, Fashion Star is a TV fashion competition. To win the prize of $6 million, designers has to / have to create extraordinary new fashions. 5. In the 1800s, women wore long swimsuits to ‘cover their legs. Now, they don’t have to/ have to swim with long clothes. Language Lab Unit 3) 6 In your notebook, write the sentences with the correct form of have to. 1. you / buy / special shoes / for basketball 2.1//get up / early /on school days 3. we / not buy /a new atlas / for the ‘geography lesson 4. tonight / Myra / be / home / by 9.00 5. its a formal event so men / wear /a jacket and tie 7 Correct one mistake in each sentence. Write the answers in your notebook. 1. You must to wash your jeans. 2. He don’t have to wear a tie. x 3. He shouldnt not throw his clothes on the floor. x 4. | can’t wear my jeans two months ago. X 5, Have you to buy a tracksuit? x Choose the correct answer. Write the answers in your notebook. 1... you finish this today? a. Can b. Should Must 2. You... climb the hill in those high heels. You can fal a. should b. couldn't © shouldn't 3. .. be 18 to have a driving licence? b.Doyouhaveto —_, Could you I'm sorry. | come yesterday because | was ill. a shouldn't b. couldn't can't 90 to the party or study for the exam? What do you think? a. Dolhave to b. Cant Shh! Mum is sleeping, You a. mustn't Bb. must |. go now. The last bus is in 10 minutes. a. could b, must You ... help me. | can do it alone. a. should b. don’t have to a. Can you ©. Should! make any noise. can . shouldn't . have to 1 Answers, see page 167Words to Learn iy astronaut /‘zestransit/ astronauta astronomer /a'strpnamo/ astrénomo/a Earth /x0/ Tierra iy /‘graevati/ gravedad meteor /'mistia/ meteorito gravit moon /mumn/ luna planet /"plentt/ planeta planetarium /planr'teariam/ planetario Sky /skax/ cielo Solar system /‘soulo stom sister solar space colony /'spers kolani/ colonia / habitat espacial spaceship spews »/ Nave espacial Soacesut /spesut/ taj espacial Star /sta/ estrella n/a telescope /"teliskavp/ telescopio SECoaicrr build ld/ constr design /di'zam/ disefar i d'skavo/ descubri dream /dri:m/ sofiar examine /1g'zaemun/ investigar, estudiar, inspecconar exolore /1k'splx/ explorar increase /‘mkris/ aumentar Jand /lwnd/ atertizar; alunizar; caer plan /plaen/ planear, planiticar predict /pr'dikt/ predecir, pronosticar, prever protect /pro‘tekt/ proteger (a) repair /m'pea/ arreglar / sol 11 True oF false? In your notebook, correct the false sentences. 1. We can’t see the sun at night. 2. A telescope makes small things look big. 3. On a bright day, the sky looks bive. 4, Oceans cover all of the Earth, 5. Jupiter is a planet in our solar system. 6. The moon always looks the same. fee 2 Copy and complete the sentences with the words below. astronomer + spacesuit + gravity * spaceship space colony + star 1, An... studies the planets and stars 2. A...is special clothing for a space traveller. 3... keeps us on the ground, 4, Aisa vehicle for space travel 5, Ais a group of homes in space. 6. A__ isa huge bright ball of gas. 3 Match the words below to their meanings. Write the answers in your notebook. predict + land * examine + explore increase + dream 1. look at something carefully 2. tell the future 3. think of something you want to do 4, travel to a place to learn about it 5. return to the ground 6. become larger in size or number 4 Choose TWO correct answers. Write the answers in your notebook. Pay attention to the words in bold. 1. You can design _... a. a necklace b. a meteor «. atelescope 2. You can plan a. astar b. a party © atip 3. You can protect a. a space colony b. an astronaut © the sun 4. You can build a. ahandbag b. a planetarium «. a shopping centre 5. You can repair. a. a sculpture ba glacier « awatch 6. You can discover a. the sun b. a planet © astarLanguage Lab Unit) Grammar Appendix * Will se usa para anunciar acciones 0 hechos futuros, para predecir lo que se cree que ocurrira y para expresar decisiones repentinas que se toman en el momento de hablar y que no estaban planeadas. En afirmativa se suele contraer con el sujeto (Il) y en negativa con la particula not (won't). En interrogativa va delante del sujeto y en las respuestas breves se pone el pronamibre personal sujeto + will o won't. Tourists will travel in space in the future. (Los turistas viajarén por el espacio en el futuro.) Will astronauts reach (Mars soon? No, they won't. (:Los astronauitas llegarén pronto a Marte? No.) + Be going to significa “ir no ira” + infinitivo, Se usa para hablar de planes e intenciones y para expresar lo ue va a suceder porque se ven indicios de ello. He is going to use a telescope. (EI va a usar un telescopio.) |s she going to have a baby? Yes, she is. / No, she isn't. (;\a a tener un bebé? Si. / No.) ‘+ El Present Continuous con valor de futuro anuncia lo que con toda seguridad ocurriré en el futuro préximo, porque ya se ha fjado de antemano. Debe ir siempre acompariado de una expresion temporal para que no se confunda con el Present Continuous normal We're going to the planetarium this Saturday. (Vamos / Iremos al planetario este sébado.) * Con los tiempos de futuro se suelen usar estas expresiones temporales: soon (pronto), later (mas tarde), tomorrow (mafiana), tonight (esta noche), next week / year (la semana / el aho que viene), in an hour (dentro de una hora), etc. Todas pueden ir al principio o al final de la frase, pero se suelen poner al final 1 Copy and complete the sentences with will or won't. 1. One day, people.... visit Mars. 2. Ihave to study for a maths test tomorrow, so | have time to play football 3. 'm sure he — get the prize. 4, «Hook elegant enough in this dress? 5. Ill be great. You... be disappointed. 2 Copy and complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use be going to. 1. We _ (not fly) to Australia this summer. 2. On Friday, |... (buy) a dress. 3. you -.. (go) to the concert in the park? 4, This summer, we visit) our uncle in Florida 5. Next week, Alex... (build) a tree house in the garden. 3 Copy and complete the sentences with the verbs below. Use the Present Continuous with future meaning. travel * come © sing + return * not run 1. What time... you .. to the party tomorrow? 2.1 from my trip tomorrow night. 3. We... to New York this summer. 4, Hein the marathon next week because he broke his leg, 5. she... in concert on Saturday? 4 Use be going to or the Present Continuous with future meaning to write sentences in your notebook about your plans for: 1. this evening 3. the weekend 2. tomorrow 4. next summer Choose the correct answer. Write the answers in your notebook. 1. Alice wants to be a doctor, but she won't get into / will get into medical school because her marks aren’t very good. We are going to go / Are we going to go (on a bike trip next week? He won't like / will like the soup. Its too salty She isn't sailing /is sailing tomorrow because itll be stormy, You are watching / Are you watching the ‘game on Saturday? Charles enjoys exploring the sky with his telescope. One day he will discover / won't discover a new star | am not going to climb / am going to climb the mountain because its too steep. You are going to learn / Are you going to learn how to play the violin? "© Answers, see page 167| Language Lab Unit) La ai doa Se usa para decir lo que ocurriré si se cumple la condicién sefialada La afirmativa se forma con if + Present Simple en la condicién, y un verbo con will en el resultado. We'll go to the cinema if you finish your homework soon. (Iremos al cine si acabas pronto tus deberes.) Sila condicion va primero, se pone una coma entre esta y el resultado. If you finish your homework soon, we'll go to the cinema, (Si acabas pronto tus deberes,iremos al cine.) Para formar la negativa se puede negar el verbo que va en presente, el que va en futuro, o ambos. If you don't repair the computer, I'll use the tablet. (Si no arreglas el ordenador, usaré la tableta.) 1f you repair the computer, | won't use the tablet. (Si arreglas el ordenador, no usaré la tableta.) 1f you don’t repair the computer, | won't use it. (Si no arreglas el ordenador, no lo usaré.) 5 Match A and B to form sentences. Write the answers in your notebook. A B 4. Ifthe plane lands at 7.00, ‘a, many people will want to live there 2, Sam will build it b. if we design it 3. If they build a colony on the moon, . she will enjoy it, 4, The teacher will be angry d. we will be in London by 9.00. 5. If she watches that film, @. if we don’t do our homework 6 Copy and complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the First Conditional. 1. fit ins, we... (not go) to the beach, 4. If he .. (not study), he will fil the exam. 2.1 call you if... (need) your help, 5. If itis very cold, it (Snow). 3. She ... (not be) happy if you forget her birthday. 7 Copy and complete the sentences about space missions with the verbs First Conditional. Then tick (7) the sentence that is not true. 1. Astronauts... (not be) cold in space if they (wear) their spacesuits. 2. 1 the spaceship... (leave) Earth successfully, it... (arrive) in space in 8.5 minutes. 3. Astronauts ... (not need) water to wash their hair if they ... (use) special shampoo. 4, If an astronaut... (sleep) in his sleeping bag, he... (not fly) around the spaceship. 5. If astronauts... (lose) equipment outside the spaceship, it (fall) to Earth 6. An astronaut — (be) very weak if he... (not exercise) every day. brackets. Use the Copy and complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the First Conditional. If you... (play) with that, it (break) lfrwe... (look) at the Earth from space, we .. (ee) the Great Wall of China, We... (visit the space exhibition if tickets ... (not be) too expensive. if your bike (break) again, |... (not repair) it |... (understand) the instructions if someone ... (explain) them to me. If you... jump) from the wall, you... (hurt) yourself IF his dog... (die), he . be) very upset. |(oring) a cake to the party if Alex ... (make) a pizza © Answers, see page 167 | ig ot eeeWords to Learn basketball court /"baskitbal kxt/ cancha / pista de baloncesto bus stop /"bas stop/ parada de autobus 2 park /"ka: pack/ aparcamiento iy square /stti'skiveo/ plaza de la ciudad comer /"kama/ esquina department store /dl’paamant stx/ grandes almacenes factory /"fektri/ Fabrica football pitch /"fotbat prtl/ campo de futbol hotel /havitel/ hotel office /'pfis/ oficina joundabout /"raundabact/ rotonda swimming pool /‘swimap puel/ piscina theatre /Oiata/ teatro ‘vaflic loht /‘traeik lant/ semaforo {ain station /"tem sterln/ estacion de tren zebra crossing /zebra ‘krosin/ paso de cebra / peatones appear />'pio/ aparecer clean up /klim ‘ap/ limpiar cut down /kat ‘daon/ cortar, talar Gamage /"demids/ daar destroy /d'stroy/ destruir ;pia/ desaparecer elt /melt/ derreti(se) pick up /ptk 'ap/ coger, recoger pollute /paust/ contaminar recycle /ri'saikl/ reciclar (ouse /ri!juz/ reutilizar, volver a usar throw out /@rao ‘avt/ tirar se up / jus ‘ap/ agotar, gastar waste /werst/ desperdiciar, derrochar disappear /dis In your notebook, match A to B to make places. Then find the places in the picture. A B 1. basketball a. station 2. zebra b. park 3. swimming © court 4. traffic 4. square 5. train light 6. bus . crossing 7. tt & pool 8 city h. stop The words in bold are in the wrong sentences. In your notebook, write the correct word for each sentence. 1. They make sports equipment at that hotel 2. He's an actor at @ famous department store. 3. She works in a lawyer's football pitch in the dity 4, The bank is on the theatre of Stanley Street and Baker Street. 5, We're staying at a factory tonight. 6. | bought this coat at the new roundabout, 7. The game is starting soon. The players are already on the corner. 8, Go straight and then tur left at the first office Choose the correct verb. 1. Don't melt / use up / disappear all the vegetables. We need some tomorrow. 2. Cars pollute / destroy / recycle the air. 3. Don’t use so much water. You mustn't ‘throw out / cut down / waste it. 4. Wild animals are reusing / appearing / destroying in the city. They're looking for food. 5. They should clean up / damage / pick up the city. There's rubbish everywhere.Language Lab Unit ) Grammar Appendix Elia £1 Present Perfect Simple se usa para hablar de ‘= acciones pasadas cuyos efectos son visibles en el presente. We have bought new clothes. (Hemos comprado ropa nueva.) + acciones ocurridas a lo largo del tiempo sin decir cuando, ‘Mary has helped many people. (Mary ha ayudado a mucha gente.) '* acciones que empezaron en el pasado y todavia continuan. En este caso, se suele poner for o since y a veces se traduce el verbo en presente I haven't stayed at a hotel since last summer. (No me he quedado / quedo en un hotel desde el verano pasado.) * acciones que acaban de ocurrir.Entonces se pone just entre el auxiliary el participio. I have just arrived at the bus stop. (Acabo de llegar a la parada de autobvs,) Este tiempo se forma con have / has + un verbo en participio (acabado en -ed si es regular, sies irregular, puedes consultar la lista de las pags. 170-171), Hay que recordar que la forma contraida de have es 've y la de has css En negativa se afiade la particula not o la contraccién n't 2 have / has (haven't / hasn't) | haven't recycled anything this month. (No he reciclado nada este mes.) En interrogativa se pone Have / Has + el sujeto + un verbo en participio. Y en las respuestas breves solo se pone el pronombre personal sujeto + have /has o haven't / hasn't. Have you ridden your bike to school? Yes, | have. / No, | haven't. (cHas ido en bici al colegio? Si. / No.) Con el Present Perfect Simple se suelen usar estas expresiones temporales y adverbics: already (ya), always (siempre), never (nunca), ever (alguna vez [interrogatival; nunca, jamas [negatival), just (acabar de), recently (recientemente), yet (todavia, eun [negatival; ya [interrogatival}, for (durante [o no se traduce) y since (desde) Todas menos yet, for y since van entre have / has y el participio. Yet se coloca al final de la frase, recently se suele poner al final también, for va seguida de un periodo de tiernpo y since va delante del momento en que lempez6 la accion. We have never cut down a tree. (Nunca hemos talado un arbol.) Have you arrived at the train station yet? (:Va has legado ala estacion de tren?) 1 Copy and complete the sentences with the verbs 3 Copy and complete the chart. in brackets. Use the Present Perfect Simple. 1. My dad —_ (work) at that factory for 10 years. 2. We (visit) London many times. 3. Lin (not shop) at the new department store yet. 4, . you ever (stay) at a hotel? 5.1... never — (talk) to anyone famous 6. - Marcus... (finish) cleaning up the kitchen? 2. Copy and complete the sentences with the verbs below. Use the Present Perfect Simple. not return « not call « arrive « live + walk * not repair 1... the train... yet? 2. We — here for ten years 3. Emma will call you later. She ... from the swimming pool yet. 4..... anyone... the dog today? 5, I'm worried about Jane. She ... since Saturday. 6. The workers... the roads yet Seaenaweuwna iRecuerda! Debes completar todas las actividades en tu cuaderno.4. Look at the information in the chart. Then copy and complete the sentences using the places in brackets and the Present Perfect Simple. Language Lab unit > 5 Choose the correct answer. Write the answers in your notebook. 1. We have waited for Jane in the town square for / since half an hour. 2. We should go to the vet. The dog hasn't eaten for / since yesterday, 3.1 haven't seen Alex for / since he moved to Leeds. 4. Ihave stood at this bus stop for / since an hour. 5. We haven't been to the swimming pool for / since school started. 6. I've known him for / since 1998. 1, Clive .... (Big Ben) 2. Clive and Wendy 3. Wendy... (Big Ben) 4, Clive and Wendy... (the US) 5. Clive... (the theatre) (the Vatican) Copy and complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Perfect Simple. 1. They ... (cut down) the big tree next to the train station. 2, Max and Sam... (play) in the same basketball team since they were 10. 3. .. anyone ... (see) my phone? 4. Andrea and |... (not be) to the shopping centte since October. 5. .. yOu... (read) the book for our English lesson? 6. .... Maxine already ... (arrive) at the office? 7. Albert couldn't come because he (eel) ill since Saturday. 8. Researchers... (study) the problems of big cities for many years. © Answers, se page 167 sedis aie Clam El Present Perfect Simple indica que lo ocurrido en el pasado guarda relacién con el presente, mientras Que las acciones en Past Simple no afectan al presente. Las expresiones temporales usadas con el Present Perfect Simple no indican cuando ha ocurride la accién. En cambio, las utilizadas con el Past Simple si especifican en qué momento concreto ocurtié |My parents have gone to the theatre. (Mis padres han ido al teatro.) My parents went to the theatre last night. (Mis padres fueron al teatro anoche.) Copy and complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Perfect Simple or the Past Simple. 1.1... (buy) a new handbag last week 2, Jasmine ... (not do} her science project yet. 3. My grandmother ... never... (send) a text message 4, They... (not explore) that area last year. 5. you ever .. (draw) a cartoon? 6. a he sn (Go) to the department store yesterday?Unit 9 Words to Learn CTR alarm clock /a'laam klnk/ despertador battery /"beetri/ bateria calendar /*keelind/ calendario camera "kee camara case /kexs/ funda contact /"kontakt/ contacto splay /d'spler/ pantalla flash /ftel/ flash GPS /dgi pis'es/ GPS headset /‘hedset/ auriculares keypad /"kirpeed/ teclado memory card /‘memari kerd/ tarjeta de memoria photo gellery /"favtau gelori/ galeria de fotos ringtone /‘rintaon/ tono de lamada screen protector /'skrim pratekta/ protector de pantalla Sil card /sim ‘keed/ tarjeta SIM video recorder /'widiau rikxda/ (cémara de) video voicemail /'vasmetl/ buzdn de voz WiFi /'wanfar/ wifi electronic /ilek'trpmik/ electrénicofa enormous /tammas/ enorme hi-tech /har'tek/ (Ge) alta tecnologia indispensable /inét’spensabl/ imprescindible, indispensable obsolete /‘bsolit/ obsoleto/a portable /"patabl/ portsti remarkable /r'mackabl/ notable sophisticated /sa'fisukerud/ sofisticadora useful /juss1/ util useless /"juslas/ incl, inservible fee ee ‘1 Match A to 8, Write the answers in your notebook. A B 1. photo a. protector 2. alarm b. card 3. video © gallery 4, memory d. clock 5. screen e. recorder 2 Match a feature below to each activity. Write the answers in your notebook. GPS + display * voicemail + camera with flash Wi + ringtone + contacts 1. Your phone rings 2. You don't answer it, so your friend leaves ‘a message. You search for your applications. You search for your friend's phone number. At a café, you connect to the Internet. ‘You use your phone to find directions to a restaurant. 7. You take a lot of pictures at night. 3 Inyour notebook, write a sentence to explain each feature below. headset + keypad + SIM card + calendar case * battery 4 Inyour notebook, match the words in B to their meanings in A. A B 1. remarkable a. huge 2. obsolete b, easy to camry 3. enormous ©. modern 4. portable 4d. not used any more 5. contemporary e. extraordinary 5 Choose the correct answer. Write the answers in your notebook. 1. That phone is very electronic / sophisticated. Its got many features. 2. That is a remarkable / hi-tech invention, I've never seen anything like it before 3. Today, computers are indispensable / obsolete. 4. Its efficient / portable. You can move it from place to place. 5. This type of radio is hi-tech / obsolete. It was Used in the 1950s. 6. My umbrella is broken, It’s useless / usefulGrammar Appendix La voz pasiva en presente y en pasado Language Lab Unit Con la voz pasiva se destaca la accién del verbo y no el sujeto que la realiza, ya sea porque no es importante © se sobrentiende, 0 porque no se sabe quien es. En inglés se usa mucho la pasiva, pero en castellano se suele traducir el verbo en la voz activa 0 en la forma impersonal con "se" Laafirmativa se forma con to be en presente o en pasado + el participio del verbo principal (acabado en -ed si 85 regular, sies irregular, puedes consultar a lista de las pags. 170-171 A battery is needed to use the mobile phone. (Se necesita una bateria para usar el movil) Iwas given a new camera yesterday. (Me regalaron una cémara nueva ayer) En negativa se afiade la particula not o la contraccién n't al verbo to be, sequido del participio. ‘A whiteboard wasn’t used in my classroom. (En mi clase no se usb una pizarra blanca.) En interrogativa se pone el verbo to be en presente o pasado + el sujeto + el participio del verbo principal Y en las respuestas breves va primero el pronombre personal sujeto y despues el verbo to be en el tiempo correspondiente, sin contraer en afirmativa o contraido con la particula net en negativa 1s a calculator permitted in exams? Yes, itis, / No, it isn't (¢Se permite (usar) una calculadora en los examenes? Si. / No.) Si se quiere mencionar quién realiza 0 realiz6 la accién, se pone al final de la frase precedido de by, Tablets are used by many teens. (Las tabletas son usaclas por muchos adolescentes,) ‘1 Copy and complete the sentences with the brackets. Use the Present Simple 1. The battery... (put) in this part of the camera, 2. Today, GPS systems... (find) in mobile phones and tablets. 3, This computer (not use) every day. 4, Headsets ._ (wear) in the library, so students can listen to music or lectures. 5. This product ... (produce) in our factory. 6, Mobile phones. (nat allow} at our school, 7. Ice cream ... (make) with sugar and cream. 8. Batteries _. (not sell) at the bookshop, 2 Write questions in your notebook. Use the Present Simple Passive. 1. tigers / find /n Africa 2. Chinese / teach / at this school 3. mobile phones / make / in Korea 4, who / invite / to the party 5. three languages / speak / in Switzerland 6. the time and date / show / on your telephone display why / the boxes / send by train 8. where / the information / write 3 Complete the text with the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Simple Pa: Spy App Did you know that spies can use your phone to watch you? This is how they do it. The spy enters a person's phone with an application called PlaceRaider. The phone's camera ’.. (turn on) and then it’... (use) by the spy. Pictures °_. (take) of the person's activities, the places he or she visits and the people he or she meets. The pictures *. (not store) in the photo gallery on the phone. They * (download) to the spy's phone or computer. Phones ©. (not design) to stop hackers and the spy application ’... (not see) by the owners of the phones. Therefore, they don't discover whats happening. Scary! 4 In your notebook, write questions with the words below. Use the Present Simple Passive. Then answer the questions about the text in Exercise 3. 1, the phone's camera / use / by spies 2. the pictures / send / to the photo gallery 3. mobile phones / make / to stop hackers 4. the PlaceRaider application / find / by the owner of the phone feLanguage Lab Unit E)) 5 Copy and complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple Passive. 1, The London Eye... (design) by seven architects. ‘The Mona Lisa and The Last Sypper — (paint) by Leonardo da Vinci The telescope _. (not invent) by Galileo, but by Hans Lippershey in 1608 Computers... (not use) in homes tll the 1980s Hamlet... (not write) by Dickens, but by Shakespeare. Commercial CDs... (develop) in 1982. ‘The first website — (create) by CERN labs in Geneva These products... (not make) by our company. 6 In your notebook, rewrite the sentences in the Past Simple Passive. 1, The technician didn’t repair the tablets 4, They sent the mobile phones to the factory. The tablets The mobile phones 2. We increased our computer's memory. 5. Did the water damage your phone? Our computer's memory... Was? 3. You didn’t protect the screen. 6. Where did they store the photos? The screen Where were... ? 7 Copy and complete the questions. Use the Past Simple Passive. The words in bold will help you. 1. Which Janguages was the computer manual written in? The computer manual was written in English, Spanish, French and German. 2. When ...? The London Eye was opened on 31st December, 1999, 3. Where..? The television was invented in the UK. 4. Who? The Hobbit was written by J. R. R. Tolkien 5. When ... ? The animals were fed this morning, 6. Why on? The documents were thrown out because they were old. WHEN oe ? Australia was discovered in 1606, Correct one mistake in each sentence. Write the answers in your notebook. 1. | was gave a smartphone for my birthday. X 2. The whiteboard used by the teacher every day. X 3. The students is taught technology on Mondays. X 4, Did the messages sent on time? 5. Itwasn’t not made in a factory. x 1 Copy and complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Simple Passive. 1. Electronic items... (not sel) at this shop, 2. The windows... (wash) once a week 3. The dog ... (feed) once a day. 4, The food (not cook) in this kitchen 5. ... the cakes .. (make) at the bakery? 6. .« the work ... (do) by computer? 2 Copy and complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple Passive. These shoes ... (make) in italy The dishwasher .. (not use) yesterday. When... the skateboard... (invent)? the bottles ._ (put) into the recycling bin? Pompeii... (destroy) in 79 AD. The boxes ..(not reuse). They were thrown out. © Answers, see page 167 eeeIntroduction, page 139, to be, have got, There is / There are, El Present Simple, El Present Continuous 1 tis 5. Are they 2. have got 6 hasn't got 3. Have you got 7. There are 4. isn't 8 Is there 2 1. wears 4. play 2. Do... meet 5. Does ... ride 3. doesn't lke 3. 1,am going 4, am not using 2. Are ... watching 5. is... working 3.is jumping Unit 1, page 142, Articulos y cuantificadores 1. How much 5. alotof 2. any 6a 3. much 7. some 4. How many Ban Unit 2, page 145, Contraste entre el Present Simple y el Present Continuous 1. are doing 5. aren't watching 2. doesn't own 6. Does .... go 3. Are ... making 7. is painting 4.Do ... study 8. paints, is sketching Unit 3, page 148, El compar: too... / (not)... enough 0 y el superlativo; La 3 5.b he 2e 4b 6c Ba Unit 4, page 150, El Past Simple 1. sailed 5. did ... find 2.Did ... help 6. Did ... remember 3. didn’t play 7. didn’t take 4, sent 8. bought Unit 4, page 151, There was / There were 1. There was 5. There was 2. There were 6. Was there 3, Were there 7. There weren't 4, There weren't 8, There were Unit 5, page 153, El Past Continuous 1. was walking 5. were chatting 2. Was ... sleeping 6. Were ... having 3. wasn’t using 7. wasn’t wearing 4. were ... doing 8. was taking Unit 5, page 154, Contraste entre el Past Continuous y el Past Simple 1. were eating, sent 2. Did ... fall, was riding 3. were playing, were watching 4. saw, were fiying | 5. left, wasn’t sleeping 6. Were ... walking, got 7. were making, was painting 8, was sleeping, took Unit 6, page 157, Los modales ta 3b 5c 2e 4b 6a Unit 7, page 159, El futuro 1. won't get into 5. Are you watching 2. Are we going to.go 6. will discover 3. won't like 7. am not going to climb 4. isn't sailing 8. Are you going to learn Unit 7, page 160, El primer condicional 1. play, will break 5. will understand, explains 2. look, will see 6, jump, will hurt 3. will visit, aren‘t 7. dies, will be 4. breaks, won't repair 8, will bring, makes Unit 8, page 163, El Present Perfect Simple 1. have cut down 5. Have ... read 2. have played 6. Has... arrived 3. Has ... seen 7. has felt 4. haven't been 8. have studied Unit 9, page 166, La voz pasiva en presente y en pasado 1 1. aren't sold are washed isfed isn’t cooked Are... made Is... done were made wasn't used was... invented Were ... put . was destroyed ‘weren't reused NWords from the Text Unit 1 decompose /dkam\pavz/ descomponerse develop /divelap/ desartolar, elaborar dissolve /d'znlv/ disolverse Dutch /dg/ holandésfesa enyiorynental /invaran'mend|/ medioambiental, ‘ecolégica/a move /mmuy/ mudarse order /"xda/ pedir nackage /"parktds/ envase uc Ak apidola sewing /'sawy/ racion share /Jea/ compartir shocs /Jok/ choque take (lime) /"tetk (taim)/ tardar (tiempo) ‘one /tan/ tonelada ‘Yuck! /jak/ iPuaj! Unit 2 advert /'edvat/ anuncio edvertsing /‘edvataiuy/ publicidad ot work /at wak/ trabajando compete /kom'pit/ competir exc ng /ak’sartuy/ apasionante; emocionante hide /hatd/ ocultarsel, esconderise) However /hav'eva/ sin embargo, no obstante “prove /am'praw/ mejorar (be) ling / (bi) ‘lamp/ (estar) tumbado/a mermoid /‘mamerd/ sitena predstor /predata/ depredador shape /lerp/ forma, figura Sion /stend/ puesto wearable /'wearabl/ que se puede llevar (puesto), porate Unit 3 safe /2'gri/ consentir, estar d omezing /a'merziy/ asombroso/a, increible altitude /"eutjusd/ actitud blind /blamnd/ ciego/a chalenaing /flindy/ que supone un desafio /reto course /kas/ recorido fit /fit/ en forma Sl fk mater nue /amad/ arto, todo solve /solv/ resolver, solucionar speed /spid/ velocidad ‘ke pace /tek ples/ tener lugar, dsarrolirse tough /tf/ duro/a ‘ck Ank/ pirueta unbelievable /an lixabl/ increfble Unit 4 complain /kom'plein/ quejarse se /dax/ morir endless /endlas/ un sinfi A wuelo ollow:/"folou/ seguir (3) ‘get on /get ‘nn subir(se) a (vehiculo) Journey /dgani/ viaje ‘cove /liv/ salir de ‘main character mei "kerakta/ protagonista ‘ning /mamd/ mente (get something out of one’s ~: Quitarse algo de la cabeza) notice /*navus/ darse cuenta ack (@ backpack) /peek (2 'baekpeek) / meter cosas en (la mochila) pievenit /prrvent/ evtar, preven; impedie Benes /pua'nix/ Pinneos ‘esmove /mvnmay/ quitarse) security check /stkjvarati Jek/ control de seguridad sioim /stam/ toementa tomb /tu:m/ tumba, sepulcro Xray /Yeksrer/ de rayos X Unit 5 announcement of death /a'namsmant av det/ (nota) necrologica battle /*baetl/ batalla, lucha cover /"kava/ portada eath /deO/ muerte {olin love /fo am “av/ enamorarse huntsman /hantsman/ cazador joke /dsaok/ roma ‘magic /‘maedgik/ magia smarty /'meeri/ casarse con media /'misdia/ medios de comunicacion 1p /pip/ semila, pepita pley /plet/ hacer (el papel) de, interpretar a powerful /\pavafl/ poderoso/a foincoet 'reankout/ gabardina several /’sevarl/ vaniosas shoot /Jut/ disparar shout /faut/ oritar Slay /ster/ seguir siendo / estando stormy /'stxmi/ tormentosova sundial /‘sandaral/ relo) de sol umbrella /am'brelo/ paraguas villa /‘valon/ matoraUnit 6 contury /'sentfari/ siglo cold /kauld/ resfriado, catarto, constipado ciplomel /dipla'mzet/ diplomatico/e disgusting /dis.gasuy/ asqueroso/a, repugnante Unit 8 arctic Fekuky Arico breathe /brid/ respirar dome /davm/ (recinto con forma de) cupula enlennered /mn'demdsad/ en peligro (de extincion) last /last/ durar matching /‘matlny/ a juego poss (ow) /pass (12)/ aprobar (ley) Persian /'pargan/ persa recycling bn /rissaaklny bin/ cubo de reciclaje rubbish dump /‘rabl damp/ vertedero, basurero global warming /glavbl wamiy/ calentamiento global hole /hael/ agujero huge /hjuds/ enorme, gran bury /‘hasi/ darse prisa ‘ncoors /an'dxz/ en un lugar cubierto, dentro ‘ake il /metk'1/ afectar a la salud de sleeve /sliw/ manga slight /'spotlaut/ centro de atencién Unit 7 cncient /‘emlant/ antiguota Dood /blnd/ sangre crazy thing /"krezi Oip/ focura earthquake /‘®kweik/ terremoto god /gnd/ dios Gieal Wall of China /gren wad av ‘fama/ Gran Muralla Chine lenath /tey®/ duracién Mars /macz/ Marte Merton /'madin/ marcianola 135 /mis/ perderse myth /e@/ mito ame after /neum ‘asta/ llamar como, poner el nombre de ell /pa®/ trayectoria pull /pol/ atraer, ejercer fuerza de atraccion sobre shine /Jam/ brillar stand in the sun /staend an 89 'san/ estar (expuestova) al sol sunlight /'santart/ (luz del) sol toke place /terk 'pleis/ pasar, ocurrir tum /tam/ gitar, dar vueltas war /vex/ guerra resk /massk/ mascarila outdoors /autdae/ al aite libre, fuera progtess /"provgres/ avanzer, desarrollarse ‘ise /rare/ subir survive /sa'vaw/ sobrevivir;resistr; subsistir 15 /un/ lata, bote x times the salle level /eks tarmz 8 setflevl/ x veces por encima del nivel recomendado cared /a'meted/ asombradota become || /bvkam H/ caer / ponerse enfermo/a i015 bar oniks/ biénica ciel /tfif/ jefefa, cacique climb /klaum/ escalar deaf /def/ sordola ‘opiilation /popjuterin7 poblacién ‘oinforest /'remnforst/ bosque / selva tropical (ecord /'rekxd/ grabar ‘ney of fe /wer av asf/ estilo de vidacn Irregular Verb, List BASE FORM (Vi) PAST SIMPLE (V2) PAST PARTICIPLE (V3) CGASTELLANO be /bit/ washwere /woz/wa%/ been /bin/ ser, estar beat /bit/ beat /bit/ beaten /‘bitn/ golpear become /br’kam/ became /b’keum/ become /b’kam/ llegar a ser, convertirse begin /b'gin/ began /br'gaen/ begun /brgan/ empezar bend /bend/ bent /bent/ bent /bent/ doblar(se) bet /bet/ bet /bet/ bet /bet/ apostar bite /bart/ bit /on/ bitten /"bitn/ order bleed /blid/ bled /bled/ bled /tled/ sangrar blow /biav/ blew /biu:/ blown /tloun/ soplar break /bretk/ broke /bravk/ broken /"brackan/ romper bring /briy/ brought /brat/ brought /brat/ traer build /bula/ built /b/ built /bitt/ construit burn /bxn/ burnvburned /bant/band/ burntzburned /bant/bxnd/ quemar buy /bai/ bought /bxt/ bought /bxt/ comprar catch /ket|/ caught /kt/ caught /kxt/ coger, agarrar choose /quz/ chose /tfave/ chosen /tfavan/ elegir come /kam/ came /kerm/ come /katn/ venir cost /kost/ cost /kost/ cost /kost/ costar cut /kat/ cut /kat/ cut /kat/ corter dig /aig/ dug /dag/ dug /dag/ cavar do /du:/ did /ard/ done /dan/ hacer draw /drx/ drew /arus/ drawn /dran/ dlibujar dream /drim/ —_dreamt/dreamed /dremt/drimd/ —_dreamUdreamed /aremt/drizmd/_sofiar drink /drmpk/ drank /drsenk/ drunk /dragk/ beber drive /drawv/ drove /drauv/ driven /'érivn/ conducir eat /it/ ate /en/ eaten /‘itn/ comer fall /fx1/ fell /fel/ fallen /‘fxlon/ caerise) feed /fi:d/ fed /fed/ fed /fed/ alimentar feel /fil/ felt /felt/ felt /fel/ sentirse) fight /faxt/ fought /fx/ fought /fxt/ luchar, pelear find /faind/ found /faond/ found /faond/ encontrar fly /ftaa/ flew /fhui/ flown /flaen/ volar forget /fa'get/ forgot /fo'got/ ‘forgotten /f>'gotn/ olvidar forgive /fo'gw/ forgave /fa'gew/ forgiven /fo'gun/ perdonar freeze /trie/ froze /fraur/ frozen /frovzn/ congelar(se) get /get/ got /got/ got /gnt/ conseguir legar give /gw/ gave /gew/ given /‘grn/ dar 90 /gp0/ went /went/ gone /gon/ it grow /grae/ grew /gru:/ grown /graun/ crecer; cultivar hang /haey/ hanged/hung /neend/hay/ hanged/hung /haend/hay/ colgar have /hae/ had /hed/ had /had/ tener; haber hear /hia/ heard /had/ heard /hxd/ oir hide /hard/ hid /hud/ hidden /‘hidn/ esconderise) hit /hnt/ hit /nt/ hit fhe golpear, pegar hold /havkd/ held /held/ held /hetd/ suijetar hurt /hat/ hurt /hat/ hurt /ht/ herir, hacer dafo; doler keep /kip/ kept /kept/ kept /kept/ duardar, mantener know /nau/ knew /njut/ known /naon/ saber, conocer lay /let/ laid /lerd/ laid ler poner; extender lead /lid/ led /led/ led /ed/ guiar, conducirIrregular Verb List BASE FORM (V1) PAST SIMPLE (V2) PAST PARTICIPLE (V3) CASTELLANO learn /lan/ leamtlearned /lenv/ixnd/ ——_learnfearned /lamt/lsnd/ aprender leave /liv/ left /lety/ left /len/ dejar; ise, salir lend /tend/ lent /lent/ lent /lent/ prestar let /lew/ let /let/ let /let/ permit, dejar lie /lay/ lay /ler/ lain /lem/ tumbarse, echarse lie /la/ (eegular verb) lied /laxd/ lied lana mmentir light /tast/ fit Any it Ans encender lose /tuz/ lost Abst/ lost /Anst/ perder make /metk/ made /meid/ made /meid/ hacer, fabricar mean /mizn/ meant /ment/ meant /ment/ significar, querer decir meet /mit/ met /met/ met /met/ ‘conocer a; quedar con pay /pes/ paid /perd/ paid /pexd/ pagar put /pot/ ut /por/ put /put/ poner read /rid/ read /red/ read /red/ leer ride /raid/ rode /ravd/ ridden /'rdn/ montar ring /rin/ rang /raen/ rung /ray/ llamar (por teléfono) rise /rate/ rose /ravz/ risen /‘rtzn/ elovarse, alzarse run /ran/ ran /raen/ run /ran/ comer say /ser/ said /sed/ said /sed/ decir 3ee /sic/ saw /sx/ seen /sin/ ver sell /sel/ sold /sovld/ sold /sould/ vender send /send/ sent /sent/ sent /sent/ enviar set /set/ set /set/ set /set/ colocar shake /Jetk/ shook /Jok/ shaken /‘Jerkan/ agitar shine /Jam/ shone /lon/ shone /Jon/ brilar shoot /Jut/ shot /fot/ shot /Jot/ disparar show /fou/ showed /faud/ shown /Joun/ mostrar, ensefiar shut /fat/ shut /Ant/ shut /Iat/ cerrar sing /siy/ sang /sen/ sung /san/ cantar sink /sigk/ sank /seyk/ sunk /sank/ hundirse sit /sit sat /set/ sat /set/ sentarse sleep /slip/ slept /slept/ slept /slept/ dormir smell /smel/ smelsmelled /smelt/smeld/ _smelvsmelled /smelt/smeld/ ler speak /spik/ spoke /spavk/ spoken /‘spackan/ hablar spell /spel/ speluspeled /spelt/spetd/ _speluspelled /spelt/speld/ _—_deletrear spend /spend/ spent /spent/ spent /spent/ asta; pasar (tiempo) stand /stend/ stood /stud/ stood /stud/ estar de pie steal /stil/ stole /staol/ stolen /'stavlan/ robar stick /stk/ stuck /stsk/ stuck /stak/ pegar sweep /switp/ swept /swept/ swept /swept/ batrer swim /svenm/ swam /swcem/ swum /swam/ nadar take /tesk/ 100k /tok/ taken /“terkan/ coger; levar teach /tiaj/ taught /txt/ taught /tmt/ ensenar tear /te9/ tore /tx/ tom /txn/ romper, desgarrar tell /tel/ told /tauld/ told /tavld/ decir, contar think /O1gk/ thought /@a1/ thought /@xt/ pensar ‘throw /0ra0/ threw /@ru:/ thrown /@raun/ tier, lanzar Understand /ande'stand/ understood /ande'sted/ Understood /ande'stud/ comprender, entender wake up /weik'np/ woke up /wauk ‘sp/ ‘woken up /wackon 'sp/ despertarise) wear /wea/ wore /%/ worn /womn/ llevar puesto; ponerse win /vin/ won /wsn/ won /wan/ ganar write /rast/ wrote /raut/ writen /ritn/ escribir