Theories - basis of professional practice

1. Consensus Theory

•AGREEMENT

-social Order

-social regulation

-stability

2. Conflict Theory

•CLASH

•CRISIS

•CHANGE

-either positive or negative.

3. Structural Functionalism Theory

-each(s) institution has its respective function to play.

•SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS

*4 Functional Imperatives*

A-adaptation - behavioral change

G-goal attainment - personal system(desire)

I-integration - support system

L-latency - cultural maintenance

5 major social institutions

1. FAMILY - basic social unit

*Reproduction -

*Cultural transmission -

*Socializatiom
*Affection - true love

TYPES OF FAMILY

-structure

A. Nuclear

B. Extended

-residence

A. Patrilocal

B. Matrilocal

C. Neolocal

-authority

A. Patriarchal

B. Matrialchal

C. Equalitarian

-marriage

A. Monogamy

B. Polygamy

-polygyny

-polyandry

2. SCHOOL

Functions:

-intellectual

-social

-economic - employment

-political

•centralization - the power of decision-making lies at the top.

•Decentralization - transfer of decision-making

√School autonomy - school based management

3. RELIGION

-Acts and ceremonies

-Beliefs in deity

-Code of conducts

-Doctrine of salvation

-Sacred Stories

4. GOVERNMENT

3 Branches

-executive - implement laws

-Legislative -

-Judicial - interpret laws

5. ECONOMICS

-Macro - overall national income GDP and GNP

-Micro

Theories

4. Interactionist Theory

* Interaction facilitates

*Charles Cooley "looking glass self" "we see ourselves as others see us."

2types

-symbolic interactionism - involves thinking

-non-symbolic interactionism - does not involve mental Processess.

PILLARS OF EDUCATION report by internation commision on 21st century led by Delors in 1996
Submitted to UNESCO (*Basis for life-long learning) "Learning to treasure Within".
1. Learning to know

-knowledge

-master the instruments of knowledge

-learn to learn skills

-Basics (3 R's)

-Critical thinking

-Problem solving

-Reasoning

2. Learning to do

-application of knowledge

-skills

-technical-skills

-tech-voc education

-TESDA

-competence

-creativity

3. Learning to be

-YOU

-whole

-holistic

-complete fulfillment of a MAN

-mind, body and soul

4. Learning to live together

-diverse

-respect the cultural diversity

-peace and harmony

-no conflict

-art of dialogue

-empathy

5. Learning to transform

-when you do the 4 pillars

DIMENSION OF EDUCATION

1. Multicultural Education

-Culture

A. Attitudes

B. Beliefs/Behaviors

C. Customs

+Characteristics of Culture+

-Learned

-Shared

-Cumulative

-Diverse

-Dynamic

Components of Culture

-communication

-cognitive - mental processess

-materials - are artifacs

-behaviors

Types of Norms
-mores - moral values

-laws - regulation, code of conducts

-folkways - routinary activities

-rituals - ceremonies

Cultural Trasmission

1. Enculturation - learn from inside (immediate family members)

2. Acculturation - outside. Learn for others

3. Assimilation - entirely loss culture (alis)

4. Immersion -

Cultural Relativity - judge others based on their own culture.

Types of Prejudice

1.racism

2.sexism

3.heterosexism - against LGBT X+

4.classicism - based on social status

5.linguicism - language ability

6.ageism

7.looksism - physical appearance

Levels of Approaches

Contributions Approach - highlights heroes and holidays

Additive Approach - teach more lesson

Transformative Approach - change curriculum

Social Action Approach - students involvement

2. Gender education

-equality of Access - admit to any schools

-equality of learning process -oppurtunities to learn

-equality of education outcome - *individual talents and skill*

-equality of external results - students participation in political, social and economic activities.

3. Peace Education

Types of Violence

-direct - murder, homiscide, torture and abuser

-socio-cultural - all prejudice all "isms"

-structural - poverty

-ecological - pollution

Levels of Peace

-personal - self

-interpersonal - between individuals

-social - groups

-global - among nations

-universal - between humans, earth and beyond

Conflict Resolution

-avoidance - active ignoring

-withdrawal - self-sacrifice

-smoothing - pleasantly plastic

-accommodating - give space

-compromising - lose lose

-collaborating - problem solving, art of dialogue

4. Human RIGHTS Education

UDHR - universal Declaration of Human Rights

Types of Himan Rights

-Civil Rights - all about happiness

-Economic Rights- right to be Employed, conduceive environment

-Cultural Rights - cultural enrichment and preservation

-Environmental Rights - healthy ecology

Fundamental Values

-Dignity - self-respect

-Equality

-Justice

RA 9262 - violence against women and children

RA 7877 - anti-harrassment act

RA 8353 - anti-rape law

RA 9208 - anti-human trafficking law

5. Global Education

•21st Century Education

-sustainability - ESD continuity

-Equity - EFA giving what is due to someone

-relevance - meaningful

-quality - effectiveness and exellence

Changes in Global Education

1. Learner centered

2. Contextualized Learning

3. Holistic and Integration

*Social science is value rich subject

4. Lifelong Learning
-CPD and CPE

Changes in Philippines Education

•TRIPOCALIZATION

-DepEd

-CHED

-TESDA

Degree of Moral Certitude

-certain right - good is good

-certain wrong - bad is bad

-doubtful - uncertain

-vincibly erroneous - mistake that can be corrected

-lax - doesnt care if commit mistakes.

-perplexed - perfectionist

-scrupulous - sees good things as bad

-callous - insensitive, criminal mind

-pharisaical - hypocrite, self-rigtheous

Principles of Moral Discernment

1. Double Effect - 1 good 1 bad, nega, posi

2. Principle of lesser evil - both Negative effects

3. Formal or Moral Cooperation - done with knowledge and intention

4. Material Cooperation - against own's will, absence of knowledge

5. Hedonism - immoral act, prioritize pleasure

6. Utilitarianism - greatest happiness of greatest number

Positive Traits of the Filipinos

1. Regard for others - good samaritan

2. Family Centeredness

3. Hospitality

4. Sense of Humor

5. Faith and Religiosity

*Due to lack or moral integration

6. Creativity

7. Hardwork

8. Ability to survive - resiliency

Negative Traits of the Filipino

1. Extreme Personality

2. Extreme Family Centeredness

3. Manyana Habits

4. Ningas cogon

5. Kanya-kanya mentality

6. Crab Mentality

7. Colonial Mentality

8. Split Personality

9. *Palusot Syndrome

10. *Bahala na System - risk taking