ORIFICE METERING
OF NATURAL GAS
AND OTHER RELATED HYDROCARBON FLUIDS
PART 2
Specification and
Installation Requirements
BIBLIOTECA
“25 rea ams |
American Gis Report No. 3
American Petroleum Institute API 1:
Gas Processors Association GPA 8185-90
THIRD EDITION, FEBRUARY 1991 ORIFICE METERING
OF NATURAL GAS
AND OTHER RELATED HYDROCARBON FLUIDS
PART 2
Specification and
Installation Requirements
‘THIRD EDITION, FEBRUARY 1991,
JAGAN Aunerican Gas Association Report No. 3
i American Petroleum Institute APT 14.3
ep Gas Processors Association GPA 8185-90 B [Nothing contained in any A.G.A/GPA publication is to be construed as granting any
right, by implication or otherwise, forthe manufacture, sale, or use in connection with any
‘method, apparatus, or product covered by lellors patent nor as insuring anyone against l-
ability for infingement of leuers patent.
‘This A.G.AJGPA publication may be used by sayone desiring to do $0. Efforts have born
made to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained inthis publication; how-
‘ever, A.G.AJGPA makes no representation, warranty, ot guarantee in connection with
‘AG.AJGPA publications nd hereby expressly dselaime any lability r responsibilty for
Joss or damage resulting from their use: for any violation of any federal, state, or municipal
regulation with which an A.G.AJGPA publication may conflict; ofr the infringement of
‘any patent resulting from the use of any A.G.A/GPA publication.
Copyight © 1991 Avercan Ges Anocintion/AmaanPeoleur Inne FOREWORD
“This foreword is for information and isnot part of this standard.
AG.A. ReportNo. 3, Part 2[umishes the specifications and installation requirements for
the measurement of single-phase, homogencous Newtonian fuids using concentric, square-
‘edged, lange-tapped orifice meters. t provides the specifications forthe construction and
installation of orifice plates, moter tubes, and associated fitings. Users of pipe tap orifice
meters are referred to Report No. 3, Part 3, for specifications relevant to those meters.
‘This standard has been developed through the cooperative efforts of many individuals
‘rom industry under the sponsorship of the American Pettoleum Instn, the American Gas
‘Association, and the Gas Processors Association, with contributions from the Chemical
Manufacturers Association, the Canadian Gas Association, the Commission of the Euro:
pean Communities, Norway, Japan, and others.
‘Suggested revisions are invited and should be submited to the Manager, Engineering
Services, American Gas Association, 1515 Wilson Bld, Arlington, VA 22209. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS:
From the initial data-coiletion phase through the final publication ofthis revision of
A.G.A, Report No.3, many individuals have devoted time and technical expertise. How-
ver, a small group of individuals has been very active for much of the project life. This
group includes the following people:
H, Bean, Fl Paso Natural Gas Company (Retired)
Beaty, Amoco Production Company, Committee Chairman
D. Beli, NOVA Corporation
‘T Coker, Phillips Petroleum Company
W. Fling, OXY USA, Inc. (Retired), Project Manager
J. Gallagher, Shel Pipe Line Corporation
1. Hillburn, Philips Petzoleum Company (Retied)
P.Hoglund, Washington Natural Gas Company (Retired)
P.LaNasa
G. Less, Natural Gas Pipeline Company of America (Retired)
J.Messmer, Chevron U.S.A. Inc. (Retired)
RR. Teyssandier, Texaco ine,
Upp
K. Wes, Mobil Research and Developatent Corporation
uring much of the corresponding time period, a similar effort occured in Europe, The
‘ollowing individuals provided valuable liaison between the two efforts.
. Gould, Commission ofthe European Communities
E. Kinghorn, National Engincering Laboratory
M, Reader-Harts, National Engineering Laboratory
41. Sattary, National Engineering Laboratory
E, Spencer, Consultant
1.Stolz, Consultant
van der Kam, Gasunic
“The American Petroleum Insitute provided mast of the Funding forthe rescarch project.
‘Additional support was provided by die Gas Processors Association and the American Gas
Association. Special thanks is given to the Gas Rescarch Institute and K. Kothari for pro-
viding funding and manpower forthe natural gas calculations used in bs projoct and othe
‘National Institute of Standards and Technology in Boulder, Colorado, for additional flow
work,
“Whetstone and Brennan were responsible forthe caccion of wate daa the Na-
tinal institute of Standards and Technology in Gaithersburg, Maryland. C. Britton, $.Cald-
‘wll, and W, Sel of the Coloraéo Engineering Experiment Station lc, wore responsbie
forthe oi data. G Less, J. Breanan J. Ely, C. Sind, K. Stating and. Ellington were re-
‘sponsible for the Natural Gas Pipeline Company of America test data on narural gas.
‘The list below is the roster of the working Broup and its task forces at the time of publi-
cation but is by no means a complete list of the individuals who participated in the devel-
‘opment of ths document.
R. Adamski, Exxon Chemical Americas—BOP
R Bass
'M. Bayfiss, Occidental Petroleum (Caledonia) Lad.
R. Beaty, Amoco Production Company
D, Bell, NOVA Corporation
B. Remy ¢ 5. Bosi, stat
J. Brennan, National Institute of Standards and Technology
E. Buxion i
S. Caldwei
"T Coker, Phillips Petroleum Company
1. Cotvard, Exxon Company. U.S.A.
L, Datta-Barua, United Gas Pipeline Company
1D. Embry, Philips Petroleum Company
. W. Fling
- J. Gallagher, Sell Pipe Line Corporation
Y. Gebsea, Kerr-McGee Corporation
B. George, Amoco Production Company
6. Givens, CNG Transmission Corporation
‘T Guzebrook, Tenneco Gas Transportation Company
1D. Goede, Texas Gas Transmission Corporation
'D. Gould, Commission of the European Communities
K. Gray, Phillips Pasoloum Company :
. Hankinson, Philips 65 Natural Gas Company
R. Haworth
E, Hick, Union Carbide Corporation
1. Hillbum
Hoghind, Washington Natural Gas Company i
J. Hord, National lnstute of Standards and Technology
EE. Jones, Jr., Chevron Oil Field Research Company
M.Keady
( K. Kothari, Gas Research Institute
PetaNasa
G.Les
G. Lyrm, Oklahoma Natural Gas Company \
Maddox !
G. Mauingly, National Instnve of Surndards and Technology i
B, McConaghy, NOVA Corporation !
C Ment
Nomis, Exxon Production Rescarch Company
K. Olson, Chernical Manufacturers Association !
A. Raather, Gas Company of New Mexico i
E. Raper, OXY USA, Inc.
'W. Ryan, El Paso Natural Gas Company
RSegors
1. Sheffield
: S. Stark, Williams Natural Gas Company
K Suing
3. Siotz
1. Stuan. Pacific Gas and Electric Cormpany
'W. Stuézinski, NOVA/Husky Research Company
‘M. Satin, Gas Processors Association
R. Teyssandier, Texaco Ine.
Y. Ting, Chevron Oil Feld Research Company
LL. Traweek, American Gas Association
E.Upp
¢ F Van Orsdot, Chevron U.S.A. Ine.
IN, Watanabe, National Research Laboratory of Metrology, Japan.
K. West, Mobil Research and Development Corporation
P. Wilcox, Total of France J. Williams, Oryx Energy Company
M, Williams, Amoco Production Company
, Woomer, United Gas Pipeline Company
CC. Worrell, OXY USA, Inc. 2.1 Consmction and Installation Requirements
22 Symbols se
23 Defitdons oronnsnnennnnn
2.3.1. Primary Element
2.3.2 Pressure Measuremem ssn-n
23.4 Roughness Average
24 Orifice Pate Specifications
2.4.1 Orifice Plate Faces .
24.2 Onifice Plate Bore Edge .
24.3 Orifice Plate Bore Diameter and Roundness
2.44 Orifice Pla: Bore Thickness
24.5 Orifice Pinte Thickness ..
24.6 Orifice Plate Bevel
2.5. Metes Tube Specifications
2.5.3 Defiaition an.
25.2 Orifice Flanges . en
25.3 Oriice Fittings . ' .
254 Pressure Taps .
25.5. Straightening Vanes .
26 Installation Requirements
APPENDIX 2-A--RESEARCH PROJECTS AND TESTS CONDUCTED
BETWEEN 1922 AND 1989 ..
‘APPENDIX 2-—ORIFICE METER INSPECTION GUIDELINES
Figores
2-1—Symbols for Orifice Plate Dimensions
2-2— Allowable Variations in Pressure Tap Hole Location
2-3—Tube Bundle Flow Straightener
2-4—Eocentricity Measurements (Sample Method) nn
2-5—Paurlly Closed Valve Upsteam of Metet TAC wenn
2-6—Dwo lls Notin Same Plano Upstream of Meta Tube
2-7—Less Than 10 Pipe Diameers Between Two Ells in Same Plane
Upstream of Meter Tube.
2.8—More Than 10 Pipe Diameies Betwera
Upstream of Meter Tube.
2-9—Reducer or Expander Upssvam of Meter Tube {
Tables
2-1—Orifce Pate Patess Tolerance en
2-2—Roundness Tolerance for Orice Pate Bore Dianeicr
2-3-—Linear Coefficient of Theemal Expansion
2-4—Orifice Plate Dimensions
2-5-— Example Meter Tube Internal Diamcier
First Mean Meter Tube Diameter Upstream of Orifice Plate...
246-—Example Meter Tube Internal Diameter Roundness Tolerances: All
‘Upstream Meter Tube Individual Inemal Diamoler Measuremonts
2-1-—Maximun Orifice Plate Bore Bocentrcity Tolerances . ORIFICE METERING OF NATURAL GAS AND
OTHER RELATED HYDROCARBON FLUIDS
PART 2 SPECIFICATION AND INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS
2.1 Construction and Installation Requirements.
‘This document outlines the various design parameters that must 6 taken into considec-
ation when designing metering facilites using orifice meters. The mechanical tolerances
found in this document encompass a wide range of diameter ratios for which experimental
results re available n this document there are several sections in which Une tolerances for
‘the mechanical specifications have been changed, relative to previous editions,
Use ofthe calculation procedures and techniques shown in the A.G.A. Report No. 3,
Parts 1 and 3, with existing equipment is recommended. since these represent significant
improvements over the previous methods. However, ke uncertainty levels for low measure-
‘meni using existing equipment may be diferent from those quoted in Part
Use of orifice meters at tx extremes oftheir diameer ratio (f,) ranges should be avoided
whenever possible, Good metering design and practice tends to be somewhat conservative,
‘This means tha th use ofthe tightest tolerances inthe mid-diametcr ratio (B,) ranges
would have the highest probability of producing the best measurement. Am indication of
this is found in the section on uncertainty in Part 1
‘This standard is based on diameter ratios (B,) between 0.10 and 0-75. Minimum wncer-
twinyy of the orifice plate coeticient of discharge (C,) is achieved wit diameur ratios (B,)
between 0.2 and0.6 and orifice bore diameters gree than or equal to 0.45 inch, Diameter
ratios (8) and orifice bore diameters outside ofthis range may be used; however, the user
shoul consult the uncertainty section of Part 1 fo imitations.
Achieving the beat level of measurement uncertsinty begins with but is not fmited to
‘oper design Two other aspects ofthe measurement process must accompany the design
ffs otherwise itis of Tike value These aspects are the application of the metering system
and the maintenance ofthe meters, neither of whichis considered directly in this standard.
‘They ae, however, implied. These aspects cannot be govemed by a single standard, since
they cover metering applications that can differ widely inflow rate, type of fluid, and op-
rational requirements. The user must therefore determine the best meter section for ep
plication and Jevel of maintenance fos the measurement systcm under consideration,
22 Symbols
‘This standard reflects orice meter application to Mut low measurement with symbols
in general technical use.
Symbol Represented Quantry
Oifie plate cvefciont of discharge.
Orice plate bore diameter calculated at lowing temperauce, 7
Orifice plate bore diameter measured st.
Orifce plate bore diamete: calculated at reference temperature, 7,
‘Meter ube internal diameter calculawd at Rowing emperatur, 7,
‘Meier tube internal diameter measured at Ty.
“Meier tube imernal diameter calulatod at reference tempera, 7,
Orifice differential pressure
“Temperature, in degrees Fahred
‘Temperature, in degrees Rankine.
Ag.EPvaARAO Orifice plate thickness.
rice plate bore thickness.
Roughness average.
‘Temperature of the orifice plate andor meter tbe st time of diameter measure-
rents,
Reference temperature of orifice plate bore diameter and/or meter tube inter]
diameter.
Linear coefficient of thermal .
Lineae coeficient of thermal expansion of the orifice plate material
Linear cocflicient of thermal expansion ofthe meter tube malerial,
Ratio of orifice plate bore diameter to meter mb intemal diameter (d/D) cal-
‘culated at Rowing temperature, J,
Ratio of orifice plate bore diameter to meter tubo internal diameter (dy/D.)
calculated at temperature Ty
Ratio of orifice plate bore diametec to meter tbe internal diameter (d,/D,) cal-
‘culated at reference temperature, 7,
Orifice plate bore cocatrcity,
Orifice plate bevel ange.
mR, om
3
en FP whee
2.3 Definitions
This standard reflects orifice meter application to fluid flow measurement. The defini
tons are given to emphasize the particular meaning of the terms as used in this standard,
2.3.1 PRIMARY ELEMENT
‘The primary element is defined as the orice plate, the orifice plate holder with its asso-
ciated differential pressure sensing tps, an the meter tube.
234.4 Onfice Plate
‘The erilce plate is defined asa thin plate in which a circular concentric aperture (bore)
hhas been machined. The orifice plate is described asa thin plate with sharp, square edge be-
‘cause the thickness of the plate material i small, compared with the intemal diameter of the
‘ems operas rs) nd Recah wpa ge of enna pee sap
square,
2.3.1.2 Orifice Plate Bore Diameter (d, da, di)
“The ealoulated orifice plate bore diameter) isthe interval diameter ofthe orifice plate
‘measuring apertare (bore) computed at flowing temperature (7), as specified in 1.6.2 of Part
4. The caloulated erfce plate bore diameter (d) is used in the flow equation for the deter-
rmination of flow rate,
"The measured orice plate bore diameter (d,) is the measured intemal diameter of the
orifice plate measuring aperture atthe temperature of the orifice plate (T.) at the time of
bore diameter measurements, determined as specified in 2.43.
‘The reference orifice plate bore diameter (isthe intzral diameter ofthe orifice plate
‘measuring aperture at reference temperature (.), calculated as specified in 2.4,3. The ref
erence otifie plate bore diameter i the cenifed or stamped orifice plate bore diame,
2.3.1.3 Orifice Plate Holder
‘The orifice plate holder is defined as a pressure containing piping element, such as a set
of orifice Nanges or an orifice iting, used to contain and position the oriice plate in the pip-
ing system, 23.1.4 Meter Tube
‘The meter tube is defined asthe straight sections of pipe including all segments that are
integral 10 the orifice plate holder, upstream and downstream of the ofifce plate, as
specificd in 25.1
23.1.5 Meter Tube intemal Diameter (D, Da, D,)
‘The calulated meter be intemal diameter (0) isthe inside diameter ofthe upstream
section of the meter tube computed at flowing temperature (7,88 specified in 16.3 of Part
1. The ealevlated meter tube internal diameter (0) is used in the diameter ratio and
‘Reynolds aumber equations.
‘The measured meer tbe intemal diameter (D. isthe inside diameter oft upstream
section ofthe metr bs measured athe tempera of te meter tbe (Ta) athe ime of
intemal diameter measwemens, as specified in 2.5.1.2.
The reference meter tbe intemal diameter (D)is the inside diameter ofthe upstream
section of he meter be calculated atthe referee temperature (7), as specied in 25.12.
‘The reference meter tube inteual diameter isthe certiied or staeped meer tube internal di
ameter,
23.1.6 Diameter Ratio (8, Ba» Bi)
‘The diameter ratio (B)'s defined as de calculated orifice pate bore dlameir (d) divided
by the calculated meter tbe internal diameter (O).
"The diameter ratio (fl) i defined asthe measured orifice plate bore diameter (dq) di-
vided by the measured meter tube intemal diameter (D.).
‘The diameter ratio (8,)is defined asthe reference orifice pate bore diameter (4) divided
by the reference meter tbe internal diameter (D,).
23.2 PRESSURE MEASUREMENT
23.24 TapHor
A tap hte is a hole dried radially i the wall of the meter tube or orifice plate holder,
the inside edge of which is flush and without any busts.
23.2.2 Flange Taps
lange aps area pair of tap holes positioned as follows:
4. The npstream tap center is located 1 inch upstream of the nearest plate face.
bb. The downstream tap center is located 1 inch downstream ofthe nearest plate face.
2.3.2.3 Differential Pressure (AP)
‘The differential pressure (A) is the static pressure difference measured between the up
siream and the downstream flange tps.
29.3 TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT (J, Te 7.)
‘The temperature (Fj isthe flowing Guid temperature measured at the designated up-
stream ot downstream location, as specified in 2.64.
In flow measurement applications where the fluid velocity is wel bclow sonic it is com-
‘mon practice to insert a temperature sensing device positioned in te the lowing stream 10
cbtain the flowing temperature, For practical applications, the sensed temperature is as-
sumed to be the satic temperature of the owing fui
‘The temperature ([,) is the measured temperature ofthe onfice plate andjor the meter
‘ube atthe time of the diameter measurements, 8s specified in 2.4.3 and 2.5.1.2.
a ‘The temperature (7) is the reference temperature used Wo determine the reference orifice
plaue bore diameter (¢,) and/or the refereace internal meter tube diameter (D,) as specified
in 243 and 2.5.12.
2.3.4 ROUGHNESS AVERAGE (A)
‘The roughness average (P.) used in this standard is tha: given in ANST B46.1 and is “the
arithmetic average of the absolute values of the measured profile height deviation taken
‘within the sampling length and measured from the graphical centerline.”
24 Orifice Plate Specifications
“The symbols forthe orifice plate dimensions are shown in Figure 2-1
2.4.1 ORIFICE PLATE FACES
‘The upstream and downstream Faces ofthe orifice plate shall be lat. Deviations from
flatness on the orifice plate of less than or equal to 1 percent of dam height (that is, 0.010
inch pec nch of dam height) understate conditions are allowed, The dam height can be cal-
culated from the formula (D., ~ da)/2. This criterion for flatness applies o any two points
‘on the orifice plate within the dimensions of the inside diameter of tho pipe. The departure
from flatness is illustrated in Table 2-1,
‘The surface rooghness of the upstream and downstream faces ofthe orifice plate shall
hhave no abrasions or scratches visible tothe naked eye tht exceed 50 microinches Ry. The
ate
Sy tas 15%)
oe
Mark ution
<—— aac ting pes
Figure 2-1-—Symbols for Orifice Plate Dimensions
“Ravers Nncoal Sunday Ist, 130 Bromtway, New York New York 10018
4 ( Table 2-1—Ortige Pate Fates Tolerance
‘orc plato outside dometor
Pio inside amet, Oy
‘Swaight ecg
Ones bve, dy, ‘oparture kom Famoss
(MEASURED AT EDGE OF ORIFICE BORE
[AND VATHN INSIDE PIPE DIAMETER)
‘Manas Depo Fem Fares Goshen) for
Oiifce Bore ‘Neon Moser Tae San Geches)
Damien de
(eis) 2}
nae anne
03s OD
O31 0008
0500 GOD 0013
962s Rom aol aarT
750 0007 art aos
O#fs 0005 DOM oote ams
100 Goes D010 oI Gs note
12 tot bom 0s Ou Ao cose
1300 dont ows A015 0083 O08 ons) cost
1250 aon oot oos2 no ons 00K
2000 Dos Go10 8G) Oot 0050 oss ans
230 Ont 0009 QU Om Om O06 083
230 008 Qos Om Oo 002 aos? oto?
2350 00s OMT aos? aoa7 not Gost O10
‘000 00s QMS OO Om O06 GOH 0100 0.130
3380 OM OG Oo OOS a0! Om O.L28
ko Dts ao Gos os aoT) oe zr
na ee? 0082 Ome 09s agts 0005 O.t2s
4000 2m) Amt co 0.955 aurs Om ax2s
500 QUIS Gms cows np agi oo oD
00 201s ams cas 950 agro 000 0.20
5500 D013 OMS 0033 One? as? OORT NTT
000 O10 amt nose nots aos ams ons
650 Oo1k oa One os One2 O12
“00 9016 0025 ao 060 dos O10
7300 013 0823 asi ast OTT O1Or
000 0m ans ass ao1s o.10s
500 Onis don O02 Ou 102
2 300 D015 96% 0.450 007 100
“lecor tes damete is ot pebed bt my een uconasua rete thane spit ia Repat No,
Sian.
: Sar lage sizes he axa Spare feo Hess eq! 6 0.05(D, - dy
surface roughness may be verified by sng an clocuonic averaging-type surface roughness
instrument witha cuto valve of not less than 0.03 inch, Other surface rouginess devices
Gor example,a visual comparator) ar acceptable for determination af orice plac surface
roughness if the same repeability and reproducibility as those of he electron averaging
¢ type surface roughness instrument can be demonstrated.
“The plate shall be kept clean at all mes and free from accumulations of dit, ie, and
other extrancous material 242 ORIFICE PLATE BORE EDGE
‘The upstream edge ofthe orifice plate bore shall be square and sharp. The orifice plate
bore edge is considered to be too dull for accurate flow measurement ifthe upsucam edge
refccsa beam of light when viewed without magnification or ifthe upstream edge shows
a beam of light when checked with an orice edge gauge.
‘An estimation of suitable sharpness can be made by comparing the orive plate bore
‘edge withthe bore edge ofa reference orifice plicof the samc nominal diameter. The
‘orice plate bore edge being evaluated should feel amt ook the same asthe edge ofthe ref-
cence orifice pate.
‘The upeicam and dowasueam edges ofthe orifice plate bore shal be fre from defects
Visible to the naked eye, such as fla spots, feathered texture, roughness, burs, bumps,
nicks, and notes.
‘there is any doubtabout whether the edge has sufcient quality for accurate metering,
the orifice plate should be replaced.
24.3 ORIFICE PLATE BORE DIAMETER (dq, 0,) AND ROUNDNESS
“The measured orifice bare diamcter, 4, is defined asthe mean (arthmeti¢ average) of
four or more evenly spaced diameter measurements, None of the Four or mare diameter
‘measurements may vary from the mean value by more than the tolerances given in Table
2-2, The ofilie plate temperature shouldbe recorded atthe time the bore diameter measure-
‘ments are made,
‘The orifice plate bore diameter, is defined as the calculated reference diameter at ref-
rence temperature (F) and can be detemined using the following equation:
4, = dll + a, 7) en
Where:
4; = linear coofcient of thermal expansion fo the orifice plate material (See Table 2-3)
4, = orifice plot bore diameter calcula at reference temperature (7).
4, = orifice plate bore diameter measured at T,
= temperature of the orice plc at time of dimeter measurements.
T. w reference temperature ofthe once plate bore diameter.
Not Ts aT, bin content i Forte porn thi ander inesened be °F
‘The orifice plate bore diameter, d, calculated at 7, isthe reference diameter used to cal-
culate the bore diameter (4) at Rowing conditions, as specified In Part
24.4 ORIFICE PLATE BORE THICKNESS (6)
‘The inside surface of the orifice plate bore shall be in the form of a constant-diamcter
cylinder having no defects, such as grooves, ridges, pts, or lumps, visible to the naked eye.
‘The length of the cylinder is the orifice plate bore thicknees (e).
‘Table 2-2—Roundness Tolerance for
‘Orifice Plate Bore Diameter, dy
“Tae fda below 0.45 ich ence prot ba may retin nee
lalate greater an hove specified Report No.3, Pa | ‘Table 2-3—-Linear Coetticient of Thermal Expansion
Types nd NG ane ws
Noa
(Caton et
"ot: For ving wopernte conditions oie those sd
(ther mars et th Anesean Sac for Mas
‘Fecflowing rine bow 100 Pand JOE arto.
“For owing coniions baween~79F and +1507, refer
olen tte’ Manual of Peo Meswemen
1, Seatin2
“The minimum allowable orifice plate bore thickness (¢) is defined by e 2 001d, or
‘¢ > 0.005 inc, whichever is larger.
‘The maximum allowable value for the orifice plate bore thickness (¢) is defined by
£¢£0.02D,,ore $ 0.125dq, whichever i smaller, but stall not be greaer than the orifice
plate thickness (E).
245 ORIFICE PLATE THICKNESS (E)
‘The minimum, maximum, and recommended values of orifice plate thickness (E) for
‘Types 304 and 316 stainless stecl once plates ae given in Table 2-4 for differential pres-
sures not exceeding 200 inches water column and operating vemperatures not exceeding
150°F. In other cases the manufacturer should be contacted for specific information on
deflection (see 24.1) fora given diameter rado, temperature, orifice plate material, orifice
plat: holdes, and differential pressure.
246 ORIFICE PLATE BEVEL (0)
“The plate bevel angle (6) is defined asthe angle between the bevel and the downstreart
face of the plate. The allowable value forthe plate bevel angle (0) is 45 degrees + 15 de-
ees.
‘The surface of the plate bevel shall have no defects visible w the naked eye, such as
grooves, ridges pits, oF lamps.
Ifa bevel isrequired (se Table 2-4), its minimum dimension measured along the axis of
‘the bore shall not be less than Xe inch,
2.5 Meter Tube Specifications
2.51 DEFINITION
“The meter tube is defined asthe straight upstream pipe ofthe same diameter [length A or
A oa the installation sketches (see Figures 2-5-2-9)), including the straightening vanes, if
sed, the orifice pate holder and the similar downsrcam pipe (length 8 onthe installation
sketches (soe Figores 25-2-9)] beyond the orifice plate, The feng ofthe upsream and
“downstream pipe sections i specified in 2.6.3.1. The tolerances forthe diameter and the re-
stvictions for the inside surface of te meter tube are specified in 2.5.1.4 though 2.5.13.
‘There shall be no pipe connections within these distances other than the pressure taps
specified in 25.4 (and pipe taps as defined in Appendix 3-D of Part 3), temperature probes
specified in 2.6.4, and/or saightoning vane attachments, either Nanged or in ie.
25.1.1 Inside Surtace
“The sections of the mete tbe to which the orifice plate holders attached or the adjacent
Bipe sections tha constitute part ofthe meter tube, a5 defined in 2.5.1, shall comply with
25.11 through 2.5.1.1. Table 2-4—Oritice Plate Dimensions
Tae
TEES ELLE ELE ps
mana ms] ae waa
Se awe 28] 3 ao ee ee ee eed
rates Fat
See SS nw Ss was] oe] oe oe] Ow] Sa we
feos [esslers ava]ere avs|ua ea[tzs oo3] ete] exe ode] ow ssa] Gc] ae ce] ae See
ee ag RISE uplm zl aue cuz eae] ca gaz) ane ose] ae] ass se) ase oe
SS
ae es
eid sei iene td
EDT aie t
: =F sete
t ae WH Yj
i gale
z aye
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: E Lo
E EE
me se
ae YEG aE
ae reseed pep Ee
mee MUU Yi ELE E
me a) 4 E/.
30 “Puy xy x) * SF
= rear
mE ERE?
wo: alEE
me t%
Ee | EE
ae =
mF
Nas
[The masa edge wichnse 4 dei by ¢ < O02, or # < 125%,
whichever is amar
2 Amatice edge knes marked withan >the maxima or tt pr
islets ube dine andi pia al ger onicedameters
forte dame
‘Sonfce noses ha how masked with nx ae dein by €<
01254,
4 Ons plae wow ede chest mec the wu eine '¢ < 00020,
‘ed nt be eevee dss eaten sored for ake ease
Aine wis, ore macnn. ee er ak
usaf even mips ef inch or inch may bed wht ives
bat ain m7 ”
6 Bisieationa flow rough an oifce meter eque pecially conlis-
‘ed rster mo andthe ae of on wnbeveled oc plata Use 3
{sla eee plate wih bre char, that exczde th intr pied
In his table is onside ofthe cope of tis sender.
“Lit abevelis rogaine isminintn desion,meatued along the wisof
‘beter, shal net les en kee.
{8 Tha wef dame mde wih nates. (2) my relia oct
dcarge ence Inger te hose spect’ in port Na Pat
5-Toprevent plate detection, the reconeoended Sich ence pate 1S
ser soquites at derenl pes be id wo 130 chee Wer
elem. 2.5.1.4.1 The intemal surface roughness ofthe meter tube should be measured at approx-
‘mately the same axial locations as those used to determine and verify the meter tube intr
nal diameter (see 25.1.2). The values specified in Items and b below are the arithmetic
average coughinesses obtained using an clectronic-averaging type surface roughness instra-
ment with a eutoft valve of not les than 0.03 inch, Other surface roughness devices are ac-
‘ceptable for determination of meter tube surface roughness ifthe same repeatability and
reproducibility as those ofthe elecronic-averaging-type surface roughmessinsirament can
tbe demonstrated. A minimunt of four roughness measurements shall be made,
“The mean (rthmetc average) ofthese four or more roughness measurements is defined
as the meter tube intsmal sueface roughness. The mean mele tube internal surface rough-
‘ness may not exceed the Following specifications ifthe ncersinty values of Pat 3 are 10
be met:
2 300 microinehes Ri the diameter ratios (f.) are less than 0.6.
1,250 microinches R, if the diameter ratios (f,) are greater Wan or equal 100.6,
Nate Tews of ower deter aion (tices he et pigs ohne on uncer.
‘Carefully selected smooth commercial pipe may be used, To improve smoothness within
‘te meter tube, th inside pipe walls may be machined, ground, or coated,
2.5.4.1.2 Imegulaies such ss grooves, scoring, or ridges resulting from seams, welding
distortion, offsets, and the lke, that affect the inside diameter by more than the wlerances
sgivea in 2.5.1.3 shall nol be permined. When these tolerances are exceeded, the imegular-
ities must be corrected.
25.1.4.3 The imeiorof the moter tube shall he clean a al times and free from sccm
lations ofcontam nant (rt, liguids, and 30 forth,
2.5.1.2 Meter Tube Diameter (D., 0.)
‘The measured intemal diameter ofthe meter tube, D., shall be determined as specified
in 2.5.1.2. through 2.5.2.5,
28.121 A minimum of fourequaly spaced individual intemal diameter measurements,
Shall be made in a plane | inch upsicam from the upstream face of the eice plac. The
‘mean (arithmetic average) of thes four ox mors indvidusl measuremensis defined asthe
measured meter tube intemal diameter (D,).
2.54.22 Individual check measurements ofthe intemal diameter of We upstream section
(Aor Ain Figures 25-2-9) of the meter tube (excluding the onfce plate gasket or sealing
dovice diameter) shall be made at a minimum of two additional cross-sections. The actual
locations of the individual internal ameter check measurements circurnferentially and ax-
inly aloo the tube, are not specified. These individual checks should be made at points that
will ndicate the maimomn and minimum dimensions of the interna} diameter of the metec
tube's upstream section.
‘One of these individual check measurements should be made ina region at east 60 pipe
diameters from the face ofthe orifice plate or past the orifice plate holde weld or flange,
whichever isthe greater distance. Other individual measurements should be made at s
lected points within the A or 4’ dimension.
Individual check measurements are used to verify the aifonmity of the intemal diametee
‘of the upstieam section of the meter mube (see 2.5.1.3} but do not hocome a yar ofthe de-
termination of the mean meter tube internal diarmetes,
2.5.4.2.3 Individual check measurements ofthe meter tube intemal diameter, Dp. shall
‘be made in the dowasueamn section ofthe meter tube in a plane 1 inch dovenstearh fro the
downstream face of the orifice plate (soe 2.5.13),
‘Additional individual check measurements ofthe internal diameter, D, (excluding the
orifice plate gasket or sealing device diameter), shall be made ata minimum of two other
° ross setions in he downstream section of te meter tube (te 25.1.3), simile tothe mea-
surements specified in 2.5.1.2.
2.5.1.24 Meter tube intemal dametes are no limited o published nominal inside pipe
diameters. However, all applicable regulations and codes must be followed.
2.8.1.25 Themesermbe temperature shoul be recorded athe time the ineral diameter
‘measurements are made.
‘The reference meter tube internal diamctcr, D,, is defined as the calculated meter tube in-
ternal diameter a reference temperature (7) and ean be determined using the following
equation:
D, = Dall + a ~ 7) ey
Where:
y= linea coefficient of themal expansion forthe met tube materia (soe Table 2-3)
(D,. = meter tube internal diameter measured at temperature (T.).
D, = reference melee tube intemal diameter calculated at reference temperature (I).
T,, = temperature of the meter tbe at the time of the diameter measurements.
T, = reference temperature ofthe meter tube internal diameter.
ate: Fa and 7 must Bein consent, Forth pape of he andar, Tc apne tobe 69°F
“The moter ube intemal diameter, D,, calculated at T, i the diameter used to calculate the
‘meter tube intemal diameter (D) al flowing conditions, as specified in Part 1.
2.5.1.3 Tolerances and Restrictions
‘The tolerances forthe diameter and the restrictions for dhe internal surface of the meter
tube are specified in 25.1.3.1 through 2.5.1.33.
2.5.1.3.1 Meter Tuba Internal Diameter Roundness Tolerance
2.5.1.3.1,1 Within the First Mean Meter Tube Diametet (0,,)
Upstream of the Grice Pate
‘The absoluie value ofthe percentage difference between the measured meter tube inter
‘al diameter, Dy, and any individual diameter measurement within a distance of one meter
tube diameter... on the upstream side ofthe orifice plate shall not exceed 0.25 percent of
D.
[opedenmeriiooneD, — 2 Samcter win onePa Pa. 1 < 0.25% as)
An example of this siuation is povided in Table 2-5. Alt measurements within one meter
tube diameter upstream of the orice plate face are within 0.25 percent of the 2.0695 mean,
Table 2-5—Example Meter Tube Internal Diameter
Roundness Tolerances: within First Mean.
‘Meter Tube Diameter Upstream of
Orifice Plate
‘Mor Tibe cma Damier
Mleasurerment aces)
Peston a © iD Mend,
‘inch ycam plate 20056 2064 2009 20696 2.0695
Wahincee Da 2orO 20675 208m 20685
0 2.5.1.3.1.2 All Upstream Meter Tube Individual internal Diameter
‘Moasurements, Including Those Within One Meter
‘Tube Diameter Upstream of the Orifice Plate
‘The percentage difference between the maximam measured individual imemal diameter
‘measurement andthe minimum measured individual intemal diameter measurement of all
‘upstream meter tub individual internal daamictcr measurement, including those withit the
first meter tube diameter upstream of the orifice plate, shall not exceed 05 percent of Dy:
‘Maximum diame
100 $0.5% a4)
An example ofthis siwation is providedin Table 7-6, The calculation 1o verify that dhe mea-
‘surements meet the tolerance criterion is as follows:
2.0700 = 2,060
20005
All upstcam meter tube individual intemal diareter measurement, including those within
‘one meter tube diameter, D. upstream ofthe orice plate are within 05 percent of D.
x 100 = 0.48%
2.5.1.3.2 Meter Tube Downstream Internal Roundness Tolerance
‘Tne absohite value of the percentage difference berween the measured meter tube diam-
tee, Da, and any individual imemnal diameter on the downstream side ehall not exceed 0.5
pereentofD,*
doy downstream damees —, x wa] < 05% es
2.5.,9.3 General Meter Tube Restrictions.
‘Abrupt changes ofthe inside meter tube surface (shoulders, offsets, ridges, welding
seams, and the like) shall not exist in meter ues, with the exception of those allowed in
25.14.
2.5.1.4 Orilice Plate Gasket of Sealing Device Rocosses and Protrusions
“The orifice plate gasket or sealing device tolerances and restrictions spied in 2.14.1
‘through 2.5.1.4.5 shall apply at locations immediately upsteam and downstream of the
orifice plate face,
2.5.1.4 Protrusions resulting from an office plate gasko or saling device that extend
‘no the pipe Dore ae no permied.
Table 2-6— Example Meter Tube Intemal Diameter
Roundness Tolerances: All Upstream Meter Tube
Individual intemal Diameter Measurements,
‘Mier Te itera Dieser
‘Mosaremeste Ges)
don ae D Mem
‘inc apura plaie 20696 200M 0604 Dae KS
Wihinont Da 20700 20616 20671 2.0655
psu ebook
‘meaner 20621 2.0600 20613 2.0601
" 2518.2 _A recess resulting from an orifice plate gasket or sealing device, of 025 inch
‘or ess in Length, as measured parallel vo the pipe axis, doesnot repre recess depth sestie-
tion, damou aio (8) limitation, or additonal uncertain.
25143 Access resulting fom an orifice plate gasket or saling device, of more than
(0.25 inch bat iss than or equal 0.5 inch in fength, doesnot require diameter ratio (B.)
limitation or addtional uncertainty if te depth of the recess is within the limitations of
2513.
25.1.44 Allodiice plate sealing devices sall be of the same nominal inside pipe diam-
‘ter (within the limits specified in 2.5.1.4.1 through 2.5.14.3) asthe ovtice plate holder in
‘which itis used.
25.1.4.5 For recesses larger than those described in 2.5.1.42 and 2.5.1.4.3, additional
uncertainty may be required.
252 ORIFICE FLANGES
Orifice flanges for orifice meter mbe installations should be constructed and attached 10
the pipe so that all ofthe mechanical specifications in 2.1.1 and 25.1.4 are met.
‘Any distortion of the pipe resulting from welding the ange to the pipe shall be removed.
bby machining or grinding to meet the limitations specified in 2.5.13.
25.3 ORIFICE FITTINGS
25.3.1 General
Orilce ftings representa class of orifice haders that is widely used whroughout Heine
dustry. With these devices iis possible to reproduce the orifice coefficients defined by the
equation in Pat 1 within the same uncertainty limits as would be found for an orifice plate
‘held between two flanges (he original test devices) To do this, thee devices must be mane
ufactured to te tolerances specified in this standard, With ice fitings, however, some
practical considerations shouldbe recognized, and some critical inspections that are unique
10 these devices should be performed. The following infomation isbased on deviees that
‘were commonly known i exist atthe ime this standard was developed and may not cover
Innovations tat have become commonly known since its publication, Such innovations
may be deemed w be in accordance with this standard as long as they meet all tolerances
contained herein
25.3.2 Attachment to Pipe
‘When an upstream flanged orifice fitting i used, the mean inside diameter of the meter
tube connected to the inlet side shall agree with the mean inside diameter of te iting
‘within the tolerance given in 25.1.3. When the fting i instalfe, the infet sie should be
coniected to the upstream section of the meter tube fist and carefully centered no sharp
‘edges at this junction are allowed.
‘To prevent misalignment at his joint when a flanged connection has been used, two di-
metrically opposed bol oles may be reamed and snug fitting bols installed, or dowel pins
may be used. Other alignment methods may be used as long as the same results obtzined.
‘When the upatream section of the meter tube is auached to the orifice fing boxy by
‘welding, any distortion ofthe pipe resulting from the welding shall be removed by machin
ing o grinding to meet the requirements of 25.1.3.
2.53.3 Inspection Considerations
In some instances the inspection ofan orifice fitting may not be as easy as the inspection
‘of a conventional anged orifice meter, Ths is true when the fing in question is of the
‘weld neck design and has already been connected to the meter tube, Unless the mets tube
2 owatle vason,irchos
‘sof a lange size it may be difficult to make measurements in tbe vicinity of the orifice
plate, To make this inspection easier, the fitting should have at Jeast one Manged side
(preferably the downstream side). The user should refer to the relevant pressure vessel and
Pipeline codes w determine whether this particular design may be used in a given system,
‘All measurements of mechanical tolerances should be made after the fing has been pres-
sure tested atthe maximum required test pressure.
253.4 Bypass Checks
Im orifice ftings there i de possibility dhat some Quid may bypass the orifice plate. ‘Tets
stall be conducted aftcr the ever run has been pressure tested in accordance with the rel
‘evant code to ensure the following:
«3. No differential pressure tap communication or leakage exists,
'b.No hokding or sealing devioe uid bypass exists.
25.4 PRESSURE TAPS
25.4.1 Flange Taps
Meter tubes using flange taps shall ave the center of the upstream pressure tap hole
placed 1 inch from the upstream face ofthe orifice plate. The center of the downstream
rossure tp hole shall be I inch from the downstream face of the orifice plate. I the pres-
sure tap holes are located by measuring from the bearing face ofa flange, allowance must
bbe made forthe gasket or plate holding device used. Fach tap hole shal be located at the
[Finch dimension within the tolerances shown in Figure 2-2 Ii recommended that a max
imusn diameter ratio (B) of 0.75 be used in the design of new installations.
‘Under no circumstances should there be any flow cough oF out of the flange tap or taps
‘for purposes other than determining pressure andjoc differential pressure. This includes
flows resulting from manufacturing defeets that allow for tap communication of the wse of
Flange taps_funs smal en arin 4? pip
10 020 090) 00) 050 08 070
6
[Nae Ascasinam Bao of O15 should be wed the Stiga one isan
Figure 2-2—Allowable Variations in Pressure Tap Hole Location
8
080 the Mange tps as a source of fui for other instruments. For the latter, other taps located
away from the orifice plate should be used.
For flange-tapped orifice iting, the location ofthe flange tap relative tothe Faces of the
plate must be maintained. This precludes the use of ether thicke or thinner plates than aro
‘specified by the original design, unless the fiting has been redrilled, Likewise, the seals or
other orifice holding devices should not affect the location of te plate relative to the taps.
‘Seal/plate combinations should be checked to engure thatthe tolerance on the location of
the flange aps is not exceeded.
254.2. Pressure Tap Drilling
Pressure tap holes dal be illed radially to he fcr toe; that is, the centerline ofthe
tap hole shall intersect and form aright angle with the axis of he meter tubs.
2.5.4.3 Pressure Tap Diameter
“The diameter ofthe pressure tap hols tthe inner surface ofthe meter tube and along the
Aled length of the holes shall be Kinch inch for pipe with 2 nominal diameter of? ot
inches and shal be inch inch fr pipe witha nominal diameter of ices o age.
‘The pressure tap hoies in the arifice plate holder may be drilled out and threaded to re-
ceive the desired size of pressure mbing connection.
‘The diameter of the tap hole shall not be reduced within alength ecu! to 2X times the
tap hole diameter, as measured from the inside surface of the meter tube.
2.5.44 Pressure Tap Edges
‘The edges ofthe pressure tap holes on the inner surface of the meter tube shall be fee
from burrs and may be slightly rounded.
25.5 STRAIGHTENING VANES
28.8.1 Design of Tube Bundle Flow Straightoners
‘The maximum transverse dimeasion, a (see Figure 2-3), of any passage through the
‘vanes shall notexoeed one-fourth the inside diameter, D, ofthe meter tube. The cross-see-
ional area, 4, of any passage within the assembled vanes shall not exceed one-sixieenth of
the cross-sectional area of the conning meter tabe. The length, L,of the vanes shal beat
ia imension, a, The length , shall not exceed one-half
2-7, and 2.9, or else the dimensions C’ and a’ in these
figures must be increased, It is aot essary forall the tubes tobe the same size, but their
_arrangemeat must be symmetrical
Figure 2-3—Tube Bundle Flow Straightoner
“ 255.2 Tubing
“The vanes (see Figure 2-3) may be built of smooth standard-weight pipe, thin-walled tub-
ing. or square, hexagonal, oc other shaped tubing, either welded together or mounted into
two end rings small cnough to sip into the meter ube. Regardless of the design, the mate
‘ial used to make these vanes should be of uniform sinoothness. The amount of passage
blockage caused by the end rings should be kept as small asis practical, All tubes showld
be parallet, tapered as thin as is practical at both ends of each tube, and mounted axially
‘with the pie,
2.5.5.3 Fabrication
‘Straighwening vanes must be studily fabricated. After being inserted in the meter be,
they shall be securely fastened in place to prevent their being dislodged and pushed down
against the orifice plat. Secure fastening, however, should not distort the vane assembly
‘with respect to the symmcry of the vanes within the meter tube, The vanes should be con
structed 1 minimize the effects of swirl, Swiel can occur between the exterior tubes ofthe
‘bundle and the wall of the pipe.
2.5.5.4 Other Flow Conditioners
‘The use of other types of flow conditioners should be based on technical performance
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