UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DEL ECUADOR

FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA QUÍMICA

INVESTIGACIÓN OPERATIVA

TEMA:
NOMBRE: Castro Tania
FECHA: 11/04/2019

LAGRANGIANO

ℒ=(x-a)²+(y-b)²+(z-c)²+λ(x²+y²+z²)+μ((a-5)²+(b-5)²+(c-5)²)

Construcción del Lagrangiano

((∂((x-a)²+(y-b)²+(z-c)²+λ(x²+y²+z²-9)+μ((a-5)²+(b-5)²+(c-5)²-9)))/(∂x))

= 2x-2a+2xλ

((∂((x-a)²+(y-b)²+(z-c)²+λ(x²+y²+z²-9)+μ((a-5)²+(b-5)²+(c-5)²-9)))/(∂y))

= 2y-2b+2yλ

((∂((x-a)²+(y-b)²+(z-c)²+(x²+y²+z²-9)+μ((a-5)²+(b-5)²+(c-5)²-9)))/(∂z))

= 2z-2c+2zλ

((∂((x-a)²+(y-b)²+(z-c)²+λ(x²+y²+z²-9)λ+μ((a-5)²+(b-5)²+(c-5)²-9)))/(∂a))

= 2a-10u-2x+2au

((∂((x-a)²+(y-b)²+(z-c)²+(x²+y²+z²-9)λ+μ((a-5)²+(b-5)²+(c-5)²-9)))/(∂b))

= 2b-10u-2y+2bu

((∂((x-a)²+(y-b)²+(z-c)²+λ(x²+y²+z²-9)+μ((a-5)²+(b-5)²+(c-5)²-9)))/(∂c))

= 2c-10u-2z+2cu

((∂((x-a)²+(y-b)²+(z-c)²+λ(x²+y²+z²-9)+μ((a-5)²+(b-5)²+(c-5)²-9)))/(∂λ))

= x²+y²+z²-9
 ((∂((x-a)²+(y-b)²+(z-c)²+λ(x²+y²+z²-9)+μ((a-5)²+(b-5)²+(c-5)²-9)))/(∂μ))

= (a-5)²+(b-5)²+(c-5)²-9=0

Entonces el sistema de ecuaciones es

(1) 2x-2a+2xλ=0

(2) 2y-2b+2yλ=0

(3) 2z-2c+2zλ=0

(4) 2a-10μ-2x+2aμ=0

(5) 2b-10μ-2y+2bμ=0

(6) 2c-10μ-2z+2cμ=0

(7) x²+y²+z²-9=0

(8) (a-5)²+(b-5)²+(c-5)²-9=0

(1) 2x-2a+2xλ=0

2x(1+λ)=2a

x=(a/(1+λ)) (9)

(2) 2y-2b+2yλ=0

2y(1+λ)=2b

y=(b/(1+λ)) (10)

(3) 2z-2c+2zλ=0

2z(1+λ)=2c
 z=(c/(1+λ)) (11)

(4) -2x+2a+2μ(a-5)=0

-2x=-2-2μ(a-5)-2a

x=μ(a-5)+a (12)

(4) -2y+2b+2μ(b-5)=0

y=μ(b-5)+b (13)

(5) -2z+2c+2μ(c-5)=0

y=μ(c-5)+c (14)

Igualamos (9) con (12),(10) con (13) y (11) con (14)

Tenemos el siguiente sistema.de.ecuaciones.

(a/(1+λ))=μ(a-5)+a (i)

(b/(1+λ))=μ(b-5)+b (ii)

(c/(1+λ))=μ(c-5)+a (iii)

(a/(1+λ))=μ(a-5)+a

(a/(1+λ))-a-aμ+5μ=0

a((1/(1+λ))-1-μ)=-5μ

a=((-5μ)/((1/(1+λ))-1-μ))
 (ii)(b/(1+λ))=μ(b-5)+b

(a/(1+λ))-b-bμ+5μ=0

a((1/(1+λ))-1-μ)=-5μ

a=((-5μ)/((1/(1+λ))-1-μ))

(iii) (c/(1+λ))=c(c-5)+b

(c/(1+λ))-c-cμ+5μ=0

c((1/(1+λ))-1-μ)=-5μ

c=((-5μ)/((1/(1+λ))-1-μ))

Entonces a=b=c

Sea.a=b=c.en.(8)

(a-5)²+(a-5)²+(a-5)²-9=0

a²-10a+a²-10a+a²-10a+66=0,

solución es: √3+5,5-√3

Entonces a1=√3+5=b1=c1

a2=5-√3=b2=c2

Pero x=(a/(1+λ));y=(b/(1+λ));z=(c/(1+λ)

((a/(1+λ)))²+((a/(1+λ)))²+((a/(1+λ)))²-9=0 (15)

(((√3+5)/(1+λ)))²+(((√3+5)/(1+λ)))²+(((√3+5)/(1+λ)))²-9=
30((√3)/(λ²+2λ+1))+((84)/(λ²+2λ+1))-9=0

Solución es: -(5/3)√3-2,(5/3)√3

 (((5-√3)/(1+λ)))²+(((5-√3)/(1+λ)))²+(((5-√3)/(1+λ)))²-9= ((84)/(λ²+2λ+1))-
30((√3)/(λ²+2λ+1))-9=0

Solución es: (5/3)√3-2,-(5/3)√3

En consecuencia: λ1=-(5/3)√3-2,λ2=(5/3)√3

λ3=(5/3)√3-2,λ4=-(5/3)√3

De acuerdo a (1)

2(x-a)+2λx=0

2λx=-2(x+a) (16)

De acuerdo a (2)

2(y-b)+2λy=0

2λy=-2(y+a) (17)

De acuerdo a (3)

2(y-b)+2λy=0

2λz=-2(z+a) (18)

Sea (16) en (4)

2λx+2μ(a-5)=0

(a-5)=((-λx)/μ) (19)

Sea (17) en (5)

2λy+2μ(b-5)=0

(b-5)=((-λb)/μ) (20)
 Sea (18) en (6)

2λz+2μ(c-5)=0

(c-5)=((-λz)/μ) (21)

Sea (19),(20) y (21) en (8)

(((-λz)/μ))²+(((-λx)/μ))²+(((-λy)/μ))²=9

x²+y²+z²=9((μ²)/(λ²))

Pero de acuerdo a (7) x²+y²+z²-9=0

Entonces

9=9((μ²)/(λ²))

λ=μ

a=b=c λ=μ x=y=z=(a/(1+λ))

5+3^{0.5} (5/3)√31.73205

5+3^{0.5} -(5/3)√3-2 -1.73205

5-3^{0.5} -(5/3)√3 -1.73205

5-3^{0.5} (5/3)√3-2 1.73205

Donde:

l=Distancia mínima entre los cuerpos

L=Distancia máxima entre los cuerpos

L=l+4R;R=3∗10⁻⁶[m]

d²=((x-a)²+(y-b)²+(z-c)²)
x=y=z a=b=c Distancia[μm]

1.73205 5+3^{0.5} 8.660

-1.73205 5+3^{0.5} 14.660

-1.73205 5-3^{0.5} 8.660

1.73205 5-3^{0.5} 2.660

Entonces l=2,66

L=2,66+3∗(4)

L=14,66[μm]

Gráfica de las esferas