National Textile University

BSc. Textile Engineering

Introduction to Textile Processing

Course code: TP-2031

Course title: Introduction to Textile Processing

Semester: 4th

Section: (KN) E

Practical No: 02

Practical Title:
To scour the 100% cotton fabric (desized) with NaOH by exhaust method
Submitted by
Sohail Asghar 16-NTU-0159

Submitted to
Dr. Abdul Rehman Sb

Submission Date: 16/04/2018

Abstract:
The main purpose of this experiment is removing the impurities from cotton fabric with sodium
hydroxide (NaOH) by using exhaust method. This process is particularly known as the Scouring
process. This process is used to remove the impurities such as fats, oils, greases and other foreign
particles which can cause of different problems during dyeing and other chemical process. It is
the third basic step before dying.
Theory
Scouring is an important process before dying otherwise the metal ions and other impurities can’t
be removed and after dyeing we will face the shade variation problems. The basic purpose Is to
remove the impurities. There is different method to remove the impurities such as fats and oils
are removed by using alkaline media at high temperature and then oils and fats converted into
soap. This method is known as saponification. The metal ions are removed by using sequestering
agent and this process is known as Sequestration. This process is very important before dying,
printing and finishing.

Objective:
1. To remove the impurities from the sample of grey cotton fabric.

Equipment and Material:

 Fabric sample (Sized)
 Cylinder
 Weight balance
 Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)
 Wetting agent
 Sequestering agent
 Hot water bath
 Procedure:
 Firstly, took the desized grey fabric sample and weighted.
 Calculated the amount of chemicals (NaOH, wetting agent, and requesting agent) and
also calculated the amount of water according to the liquor ratio.
 Calculated amount of chemicals and water were added in the cylinder.
 After added the all chemical and water in cylinder then set it in a hot water bath at
100 ̊C.
 Placed the cylinder in hot water bath.
 Heated it for about 45 minutes.
 Stirred it with the gape of 5-8 minutes.
 Then, washed the scoured fabric sample with tap water.
 Let the sample in oven for drying.
 After drying we had the impurity free fabric sample.
 Again weighted the fabric and calculated the impurity percentage.

Observations and Calculations:

Recipe:
Liquor Ratio 50: 1
NaOH = 2%
Wetting agent = 2 gram/liter
Sequestering agent = 2gram/liter
Temperature = 100 ̊C
Time = 45 minutes
Calculations:
Weight of fabric = 3.46g
 Solution = Weight of fabric multiply with liquor ratio
= 3.46 × 50 = 173𝑚𝑙
  NaOH=2gram/liter =
2
= × 3.46𝑚𝑙 = 0.0692𝑔
100
 Wetting agent = 2gram/liter
2
= × 173 = 0.346𝑔
1000
 Sequestering agent = 2gram/liter
2
= × 173 = 0.346𝑔
1000
 Impurities (%)
3.46 − 3.41
= × 100 = 1.4%
3.46

Result:

Fabric after scouring

Conclusion:
We conclude from the results that impurities are removed from our sample was about 1.44%
from the total weight of the fabric (3.46g). Now sample is totally free form impurities.