Fluid Mechanics

ME 304
Test I Spring2010
Na
Instructions
This is a closedbook,closednotesexam.However,you areallowedoneA4
sizeformulasheet.
Returnquestionpaperalongwith your answersheet.
Answerall four questions,if you needto makeanyassumptions
to solvea problem,statethe
assumptionvery clearly.

Ql. Answerthefollowing u9.y briefly but clearly: (l0pts)

-
a) Explain the-physicalmeaningof eachterm in the materialtime derivatiu.
dimensional) ion,
Dw_Ou , -.0u
Dt= at-u a*
b) Whatis the origin of buoyancyforce?

Q2' At time t: 0 a dye streakis startedat point A in a fluid that is flowing. The
streakis
formedovera 10 secondperiod,i.e. 0 < t'< 10s.Thefluid velocityreirains
constant
duringthis lOseconds howeverthe directionof flow changesonceat t = 5s.The resulting
streakline is shownin the figure I below.Answerthe following questions
(30pts)
a.) Draw the streamlinesassociated with the flow at t = 3s.
b.) Draw the streamlinesassociated with the flow at t: gs.
the pathline =
at t 10sfor a particlethat is releasedat point A at t = 2s.
:') P**
Draw thepathline t = 6s for a particlethat is releasedat pbint A at =
-{) -aj t 0s.
Note: Notedrawtheselinesclearlyandasmuchaspossibleto scale.
A
 is hingedalongthe lineBB'' Theliquid is
e3. ThecirculargateABCB' thathasa radiusof lm
of the water,h'
iater, density: toOOfg/r' " The heightof waterfrom the pivot B to the surfaee
(30Pts)
is 8m. Findihe following:
a) The force F actingon the circular gatedueto waterpressure
Ul The locationthroughwhich this forceF acts,i.e. find the centerof pressure
The forcep thatne"eds to be appliedat thebottomof the gate(at point C) to preventthe
"i gatefrom oPening.
o
Given:For a circleof radiusR, /', = !"
4

a pressurizedtank wherethe pressureof the

e4. Water(densityp) is drainingfrom the bottomof
The
a]r at the top of thl tank is kept Jonstantat Po. cross sectionareaof the tank is Ar, while the
crosssectionalareof the hole at the bottomis givenby A". The pressure outsideis atmospheric
waterin
p..rror" (p"*). The heightof thewaterin thetank is givenby h. The initial heightof the
Ar>> AE.Answerthefollowing: (30pts)'
thetankisHe.Assumethat
a) Find an expressionfor thevelocity atthe exit, V"'
b) Usingthe resultof part a) derivea differentialequationfor the heightof waterh.
Whaiis the initial conditionfor the differentialequationderivedin partb).
"i tank as a
di. Integrate this equation to find a relationship for the height of water il tl.
function of time and hence an expression fof the time it will take to drain the tank
completelY

Corl,srANl 1i
;
,le
FKESSLK' 4*-
.fuPf t5 ;:..{.!
S-

/i
+^.
I

*i/v^ f, t\ !r-
L

#Yo'
#+,.r, Ar-L
c,Y, t-":, * f, *i*'' (,
V\':- 11.: A-t-