TUTORIAL REPORT

PHYSIOLOGY AND WORK MEASUREMENT

WORK PHYSIOLOGY

Group : IP 8 Tutorial Date : 13 September 2019

Name : Sabila Rizki Alifian Tutorial Day : Friday
Class : IP Submission Day :
Assistant :
Scoring Criteria Yogyakarta, ... September 2019
Tutorial Objectives & :
Task
Literature Review :
Input :
Output :
Conclussion, Attachment,
& Bibliography
TOTAL :

WORK SYSTEM DESIGN AND ERGONOMIC LABORATORY

DEPARTEMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITAS ISLAM INDONESIA
2019
 CHAPTER I
WORK PHYSIOLOGY

1.1. Tutorial Obejctives

1. Students able to perform measurements and analyze the result of
physical workload using pulse rate method, CVL%, and Brouha.
2. Students able to calculate the amount of energy spent (energy
expenditure) on a particular job based on the instensity of the heart
rate (pulse rate).
3. Students able to determine ideal resting time based on the amount
of energy released while working.
4. Students able to perform the classification of workload by using
Brouha method.

1.2. Tutorial Task

1. Measure the physical workload with 10 vein pulse method, %CVL,
and Brouha method.
2. Analize the function of lungs and the cause of interference in the
lungs by classifiation result of spirometer.

1.3. Literature Study

Table 1. Literature Study

No Title Method Result Conclusion

.
1. Physical A community- (Participation This study
Workload, based Rate and indicates that
Work epidemiological Characteristic hotel room
Intensification study of health s of the Study cleaners are a
, and working Population) highrisk
and conditions was Out of the group for
Prevalence of conducted in eligible study painful and
Pain in Low 2002 in Las population of disabling
Wage Vegas, 1,276 room work-related
Workers: as a collaborative cleaners, 941 MSDs.
Results From effort of the completed the Rates of
a Participatory CulinaryWorkers survey occupational
Research Union Local (response rate injury may far
Project With 226 (Hotel 74%). All exceed
Hotel Room Employees and but 10 national rates
Cleaners in Restaurant respondents for
Las Vegas Employees were women, hospitality
Union) in and most were workers and
Las Vegas, the middle-aged service
Labor (mean age 41.7 workers in
Occupational years, SD general, and
Health Program 9.59), racial- there
(LOHP) ethnic is a pressing
at the University minorities need for
of California, (76% Latina, worksite
Berkeley, and the 6% African prevention.
Department American, 5% The
of Medicine at Filipino, 5% participatory
the University of Asian/ research
California, San Pacific approach was
Francisco. Islander), and an essential
The study was immigrants element in the
initiated by the (85%), with development
union, which was less than a high of sensitive
concerned school job-specific
that increasing education measures of
injury rates and (65%). The physical
health plan costs vast majority workload,
reflected had at least one workload
changes in the child (95%), change over
work and 59% had at time,
environment of least one child and
hotel workers. or elder who identification
The union needed care. of adaptable
asked university Years of ergonomic
researchers to working as a problems. Our
find out if there room cleaner analyses
could be a link ranged from demonstrate
between working 6 months to 46 that these
conditions, work years (average measures have
intensification, 7.7 years, SD high face and
and workrelated 5.6, median predictive
pain and injury. 6.6 years). validity, and
Details of the Most they also point
methodology of respondents to specific
the participatory worked full- worksite
research time (92%), changes that
process are averaging 40.2 can be
described hours per week proposed,
elsewhere [Lee (SD 11.2). implemented,
and Krause, and monitored
2002; Lee (Prevalence of by labor and
et al., 2003]. Pain) management.
Briefly, hotel Overall, 47% The strong
room cleaners of hotel room cross-sectional
were involved in cleaners report associations of
all severe or very physical
aspects of the severe bodily workload,
project, including pain during the work
the formulation past 4 weeks. intensification,
of the The highest and ergonomic
research prevalence was problems with
questions, survey reported for severe neck
development, severe and back pain,
implementation or very severe independent of
of pain in the individual
the study, and lower (63%) worker
interpretation of and upper back characteristics,
results; 26 room (59%). home
cleaners Chi square responsibilities
participated in an analyses , and
advisory group showed that psychosocial
throughout the pain prevalence job
project. differed by factors,
Through focus age in most warrant further
groups, room body regions, investigations
cleaners including upper with
described in and lower back. observational,
detail their Older workers prospective,
physical and (50 years or and
psychosocial older) intervention
work experienced studies.
environment— pain
including job consistently
tasks, daily less frequently
schedules, than younger
changes in the and middle-
last 5 years, aged
relationships workers (up to
with supervisors 49 years old)
and co-workers, (data not
ergonomic shown).
problems, Eighty-four
and work-related percent of
pain and injury. workers
Union leaders reported that
selected they took
five unionized pain
hotels to study, medication
with a final during the past
eligible sample 4 weeks for
of 1,276 day- pain they had at
shift room work. More
cleaners. than three-
quarters (78%)
have had pain
during
the past 12
months, which
they felt might
have been
caused or
made worse by
work as a room
cleaner. Of
these workers,
96% stated that
this pain began
after they
started their
current job;
62% visited a
doctor for this
pain; and 60%
used at least
one day of sick
or vacation
leave because
of this pain.
Only
 21% of all
workers
reported a
workers’
compensation
injury.
The reasons
given by
workers for not
reporting work-
related
pain to
workers’
compensation
have been
published
elsewhere
[Scherzer et al.,
2005].
2. Effects of A list of pairs of Performance, Subjective
different numbers was specifically the workload
physical created for each number of assessment
workload operation correct techniques are
parameters on using a random arithmetic appealing
mental number responses, was since they are
workload and generator. dependent on easy to use and
performance Random ordering the difficulty of involve
of the minimal
these lists was mental task interference
used for all (Fig. 1), and with the task
conditions significantly being
involving the decreased for performed.
same each Existing
operation. increase in subjective
Learning or difficulty. assessment
practice effects Within each tools created
within the mental for one domain
experiment, workload level, appear
due to lack of the number of to be useful
familiarity with correct when
performing responses evaluating
mental significantly multi-task
arithmetic, were decreased situations
reduced by with increasing requiring
providing levels of substantial
participants an physical mental and
opportunity to workload. Post physical
familiarize hoc activity,
themselves with analyses, although
the mental tasks however, further
by completing indicated a research is
sample problems. non-significant needed to
A practice difference verify these
session was between the results for
also provided to low and other age
allow the medium groups and
participants to physical types of mental
familiarize workload and physical
themselves with levels. The activity. In
the lifting tasks. effect of the general, simple
Participants were interaction scales used to
not between assess physical
instructed to use physical and and mental
any specific mental workloads, the
lifting technique, workload was Borg CR10
although not significant Scale and the
they were (p ¼ 0.99). mental demand
instructed to dimension of
grasp the handles Perceived the NASA-
of the boxes with physical TLX,
both hands. The workload, as respectively,
subjective assessed by the were sensitive
workload Borg to changes in
assessment scales CR10 Scale, demands
were explained significantly within their
following the increased with respective
practice session physical domains
and prior to workload without being
the execution of level (Fig. 2). substantially
the experimental Furthermore, influenced by
conditions. differences concurrent
When instructed between the tasks.
to begin, the means Limitations in
participant lifted at each level of subjective
a box physical workload
from the floor workload were assessments
and placed it in a significant. No arose
target zone effect was when
(700mm_440 evident with individuals
mm) on a table. changes in were required
The participant mental to combine
then workload assessments
lowered a second (p ¼ 0.91) and of physical and
box from the the interaction mental
table and placed effect was not demands. The
it in a significant NASA-TLX
similar target (p ¼ 0.51). was
zone on the floor sensitive to
left vacant by the changes in
first box. mental
The boxes were demands, but
600mm wide, the magnitudes
340mm deep, of the NASA-
and 340mm TLX scores
high. The vertical were also
lifting distance influenced by
was 750mm physical
(standard demands and,
table top). therefore, not
Participants necessarily
continued to lift indicative
and lower boxes of actual
in this alternating mental
fashion at a fixed workload
pace of five lifts levels. The
per minute, NASA-TLX
controlled by a ratings,
computer- however,
generated provided
auditory sensitive
signal. Boxes subjective
were placed assessments of
within the target overall
zones at 100% workload. The
accuracy. individual
Therefore, no dimensions
analyses were may be used
carried out on to provide
physical information
performance. regarding
Trials for the changes within
mental workload the
conditions were individual
run domains,
concurrently with although this
the physical approach does
activity. Two not
numbers were account for the
verbally multi-
presented by the dimensional
experimenter, aspect of
which the mental
participant workload.
added, Further
subtracted, or research is
multiplied recommended
depending on the to determine
condition (see the
Table 1), then utility of the
stated the NASA-TLX as
answer. The pair a subjective
of measure of
numbers was overall
repeated after an workload,
incorrect particularly for
response until a different tasks
correct response and at higher
was given. The levels of
next set of mental and
numbers was physical
provided workload.
immediately Present and
following a prior
correct response, research also
and suggests that
 mental activity similar results
continued until are obtained
the end of the using an
condition. unweighted
sum to
calculate
NASA-TLX
scores;
therefore, in
the interest of
efficiency, the
weighting
procedure may
not be
necessary in
some cases.
3. Ergonomics in The The luggage The results
justified the
Practice: measurements of handling tasks
following main
Physical the work load encompassed conclusions:
1. In Thailand,
Workload and factors were the loading and
physiological
Heat Stress in carried out unloading of strain during
auxiliary type
Thailand during habitual luggage of
jobs is high
work tasks and various weights and
may result in
environmental and sizes both
negative
conditions and to and from consequences
for health,
were not affected containers
safety, well-
by the (19% of being, and
productivity.
research team. work time), the
2.
Heat stress was sorting of Physiological
strain is due to
evaluated by the luggage (38%
both heavy
Wet Bulb Globe of working dynamic
muscular work
Temperature time). The
and
(WBGT) remaining high heat
index (Standard work time was stress.
3. In many
No. ISO 7243; spent on
jobs immediate
ISO, 1982). official breaks measures for
reducing
Heart rate (HR) or in waiting
excessive
was measured (standing, strain are
needed.
by a BHL6000 sitting,
4.
system (Bauman walking) for Physiological
strain can be
& Haldi, 1992), arriving and
reduced by
which consists of departing using more
technical aids,
three flights. The
improving the
disposable cleaning of thermal
environment,
electrodes aircrafts and
and
connected to a the introducing
efficient work-
data logger with handling of
rest
a registration pillows, regimens.
capacity blankets, and
of 24 hrs. The bins amounted
HR data were to 9 and 18%,
collected in an 8- respectively,
pulse mode of all work
(averaging HR time. The
over 8 beats) and remaining work
expressed in hours included
beats/min. The official breaks
relative and
cardiovascular waiting for
load arriving and
(%CVL) was departing
evaluated on the flights. Both
basis of HR as luggage
follows handling and
(Intaranont & cleaning were
Vanwonterghem, done as
1993): continuous
%CVL = 100 work in three
[(HRwork − shifts of 10–12
HRrest) / hrs. After
HRmax(8hr)], three work
where shifts there
HRwork—mean were two shifts
HR in the job off.
during various In construction
task work,
performance, carpenters were
HRrest—the occupied by
lowest HR woodwork for
registered in a 62%
lying position, of all work
HRmax(8hr)— time and by
maximum assembling for
acceptable HR 14% of all
for a work shift work time. The
of 8 hrs, that is, remaining
1/3(220 − age) + hours were
HRrest. spent on
The %CVL official breaks
evaluates the and in waiting
cardiovascular for the next
load or aerobic work phases.
strain, and can Providers were
be classified as occupied by the
follows: digging of soil
<30%CVL, (29 and 9%
acceptable level, working time
no actions for men and
required; women,
30–60%CVL, respectively),
moderate level, by materials
peak loads handling
should be (15 and 35%
reduced within a working time
period for men and
of weeks; 61– women,
100%CVL, high respectively),
level, peak loads and walking
should be 10 and 12%
reduced within work time for
a period of men and
months; women,
>100%CVL, respectively).
intolerable high The remaining
level, peak loads time was spent
should on small
be reduced operations and
immediately or waiting.
work must be Bricklayers
stopped. were occupied
The increase of by cement
core body work for 15%
temperature was of all work
estimated by oral time
temperature both for men
measurement and women and
with an Ellab by materials
device (CTD handling (21%
Thermometer, of work time).
Denmark, Pile drivers
1985). Special worked
attention was continuously
paid to drinking for 80% of all
behaviour work time.
preceding the Occasional
measurements of interruptions
oral temperature were due to
and to breathing supplies of
during the piles or other
measurements materials and
that required to the
nasal breathing. movements of
Body mass loss machinery.
was assessed Normal daily
with a weight work time
balance with the varied from 10
accuracy of to 12 hrs.
100 g. Body In Thailand,
mass was there is almost
measured when no social
participants had security system
removed their available
shoes offering
and wore dry compensation
shorts and t- for
shirts. During the unemployment
study period, due to sickness
water and food absenteeism,
intake was accidents, or
registered to occupational
calculate the diseases.
amount of sweat Therefore,
released. most
Perceived construction
discomfort workers take
ratings were one day
obtained with a off every
questionnaire second week.
including They are
the index of mainly
discomfort, that seasonal
is, SWI workers for a
(Vanwonterghem period of
, Verboven, & 6–8 months
Op after which
De Beeck, 1985). they return to
The SWI rates their farms and
the level of families.
discomfort due to The tasks of
fatigue, steel workers
perceived risks, consisted of
mental producing steel
concentration, wire in a highly
task complexity, mechanized
work rhythm and process by
annoyance of remote control
responsibilities. (5% of work
These six time), machine
negative factors work
were (1% work
compensated time),
by two positive maintenance
elements: interest (2% of work
in the job and time), and a
autonomy. The series of short
SWI index occasional
is calculated as operations like
follows: SWI = restarting,
[(negative) − removing waste
(positive)] / 8. with a hammer
The SWI index and
can be pinchers (14%
interpreted as of work time),
follows: <1, no and waiting
discomfort; (standing,
>1−<2, sitting,
slight discomfort; walking; 57%
>2−<3, moderate of work time).
discomfort, In steel wiring,
considering each the length of
item the work shift
separately; was 8 hrs in
>3−<4, three shifts
annoying, with a normal
measure are sequential
needed to weekly
alleviate rotation.
discomfort Female
within a period workers in steel
of months; production
>4−<5, very mainly did
annoying, manual work at
measures for three
alleviating different
discomfort are stations of the
needed within a mechanized
period of weeks; steel bar
>5, intolerable, production
measures process: at
for alleviating station
discomfort are 1 they put the
needed rods to a
immediately. cooling bed
(swinging) for
about 61% of
working
time. At station
2 they dragged
the rods to a
cutting bed
(hooking) for
20%
of working
time and at
station 3 the
operators were
cutting rods for
20% of
working time.
The remaining
work time was
spent on
waiting
because of
technical
problems or
organizational
delays. During
break times
workers sat
or stood. Work
time for this
group was
continuous for
 8 hrs. In steel
bar
swinging, work
periods
consisted of 2
continual hours
of work
followed by
rest periods of
2 hrs.

1.4. Input
1.4.1. Subject Description
Name : Sabila Rizki Alifian / Nur Imamah Al-Karimah
Age : 18 / 19
Gender : Male / Female
Weight : 52 kg /

1.4.2. Object Description

Table 2. CVL Method

Working Time Time for 10 pulse (second) Pulse (bits per minute)
(minutes)
Resting Pulse Working Pulse Rest Work
2 8,2 5,5 73,17 109,09
3 8,2 5,8 73,17 103,44
5 8,2 6 73,17 100
Table 3. Brouha Method

Resting Working Brouha Calculation (bits per

Time Time minutes)
(minute) (minutes)
1 2 3
4 2 84 86 86
4 3 84 86 90
4 5 84 90 88
1.5 Output
1.5.1. Calculation of Body Mass Index (BMI)

𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 (𝐾𝑔)
BMI =
𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 (𝑚) × 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 (𝑚)
52
𝐵𝑀𝐼 =
(1,75) × (1,75)
𝐵𝑀𝐼 = 16,98 (ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡)

1.5.2. Cardiovascular Load (%CVL) Calculation

(2 minutes work)
100 × (𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 − 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒)
%𝐶𝑉𝐿 =
𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 − 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒
100 × (109,09 − 73,17)
%𝐶𝑉𝐿 =
203 − 73,17
%𝐶𝑉𝐿 = 27,67%
(3 minutes work)
100 × (𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 − 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒)
%𝐶𝑉𝐿 =
𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 − 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒
100 × (103,44 − 73,17)
%𝐶𝑉𝐿 =
203 − 73,17
%𝐶𝑉𝐿 = 23,31 %
(5 minutes work)

100 × (𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 − 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒)

%𝐶𝑉𝐿 =
𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 − 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒
100 × (100 − 73,17)
%𝐶𝑉𝐿 =
203 − 73,17
%𝐶𝑉𝐿 = 20,66%

1.5.3 Energy Expenditures Calculation

(2 minutes work)
 𝑋𝑎 − 𝑋 𝑌𝑎 − 𝑌
=
𝑋𝑎 − 𝑋𝑏 𝑌𝑎 − 𝑌𝑏
110 − 109,09 7,5 − 𝑌
=
20 2,5
𝑌 = 7,3875 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙/𝑚𝑖𝑛
(3 minutes work)
𝑋𝑎 − 𝑋 𝑌𝑎 − 𝑌
=
𝑋𝑎 − 𝑋𝑏 𝑌𝑎 − 𝑌𝑏
110 − 103,44 7,5 − 𝑌
=
20 2,5
𝑌 = 6,6875 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙/𝑚𝑖
(5 minutes work)
𝑋𝑎 − 𝑋 𝑌𝑎 − 𝑌
=
𝑋𝑎 − 𝑋𝑏 𝑌𝑎 − 𝑌𝑏
110 − 100 7,5 − 𝑌
=
20 2,5
𝑌 = 6,25 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙/𝑚𝑖𝑛
1.5.4. Rest Time Calculation

(2 minutes work)
(𝑀 − 𝑆)
𝑇𝑟 = 𝑇𝑠
𝑀 − 1,5
(7,3875 − 4)
𝑇𝑟 = 2
(7,3875 − 1,5)
1,11 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠
(3 minutes work)
(𝑀 − 𝑆)
𝑇𝑟 = 𝑇𝑠
𝑀 − 1,5
(6,6875 − 4)
𝑇𝑟 = 3
(6,6875 − 1,5)
2,13 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠
(5 minutes work)
(𝑀 − 𝑆)
𝑇𝑟 = 𝑇𝑠
𝑀 − 1,5
(6,25 − 4)
𝑇𝑟 = 5
(6,25 − 1,5)
 3,42 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠

1.5.5. Brouha Calculation

(2 minutes)
P1 – P3 =

1.5.6. Cardiovascular Load (%CVL) Analysis

The percentage of cardiovascular load when the work duration is at 2 minutes

is 27,67%, it means that no fatigue when the subject did the exercise. The
percentage of CVL when the work duration is at 3 minutes is 23,31% so, it means
that there is no fatigue for the operator. The percentage of cardiovascular when the
work duration is at 5 minutes is 20,66% so, it means no fatigue and the exercise
work properly.
The percentation of cardiovascular load was affected by the mass of the load
that used. More heavy the load, more fast the heartbeat pulse the blood. Another
factor that influence the result is the room temperature.

1.5.7. Energy Expenditure and Rest Time Analysis

A calculation with the formula result that the energy expenditures is 7,3875
kcal/min, 6,6875 kcal/min, 6,25 kcal/min
 1.4.3. Cardiovascular Load (%CVL)
100 𝑥 (𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑒 − 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑒)
%𝐶𝑉𝐿 =
𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑒 − 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑒
 %CVL for the load lifting in 2 minutes

100 𝑥 (150 − 75)

%𝐶𝑉𝐿 =
181 − 75
= 70.75%

 %CVL for the load lifting in 3 minutes

100 𝑥 (100 − 75)

%𝐶𝑉𝐿 =
181 − 75
= 23.58%

 %CVL for the load lifting in 5 minutes

100 𝑥 (120 − 75)

%𝐶𝑉𝐿 =
181 − 75
= 45.45%

1.4.4. Expenditure Energy Calculation

 Energy expenditure of lifting in 2 minutes
125 − 150 7.5 − 𝑥
=
125 − 150 7.5 − 10.0

X = 10. 0
 Energy expenditure of lifting in 3 minutes
60 − 100 2.5 − 𝑥
=
60 − 100 2.5 − 5.0

X = 5. 0

 Energy expenditure of lifting in 5 minutes

100 − 120 5.0 − 𝑥
=
100 − 125 5.0 − 7.5

X = 7. 0
 1.4.5. Rest Time Calculation
 Resting time of lifting in 2 minutes
Ts = 2, M = 10
10 − 5
𝑇𝑟 = 2 | |
10 − 1.5
5
𝑇𝑟 = 2 | |
8.5
= 1.17 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠

 Resting time of lifting in 3 minutes

Ts = 3, M = 5
5−5
𝑇𝑟 = 3 | |
5 − 1.5

= 0 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠

 Resting time of lifting in 5 minutes

Ts = 5, M = 7
7−5
𝑇𝑟 = 5 | |
7 − 1.5

2
𝑇𝑟 = 5 | |
5.5
= 1.82 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠

1.4.6. Brouha Calculation

 2 minutes
P1 - P3 = 66-70
= -13
The workload classification is in a special case
Inverse recovery curves
 3 minutes
P1 - P3 = 78-52
= 26
The workload classification is normal curves, because P1-P3 ≥ 10bpm
and P1, P2, P3 ≤ 90 bpm
 5 minutes
P1 - P3 = 80-64
= 14
The workload classification is normal curves, because P1-P3 ≥ 10bpm
and P1, P2, P3 ≤ 90 bpm
 1.4.7. Cardiovascular Load Analysis (%CVL)
The percentage of cardiovascular load when the work duration is at 2 minutes
is 70.75%, it means that it is not really good and the operator could treat this
situation with working in short time. The percentage of CVL when the work
duration is at 3 minutes is 23.58% so, it means that there is no fatigue for the
operator. The percentage of cardiovascular when the work duration is at 5 minutes
is 45.45% so, it means it needs to be improved.
The percentage of cardiovascular load is affected by the weight of the load.
When the load is heavier, it can make the heartbeat faster. The other factor is the
environment, like the temperature at the place of the operator, it also affecting the
difference beats amount of the heartbeat.

1.4.8. Expenditure Energy and Rest Time

Analysis
After we analyzed the expenditure energy, the results are when the time at 2
minutes, working pulse is 150, we got the energy expenditure is 10 Kkal/seconds
then the level of work classified as heavy, at 3 minutes, when the working pulse
shows 100 and it shows the energy expenditure is 5.0 Kkal/seconds means that the
level of work is light, and at 5 minutes, when the working pulse shows 120, so the
energy expenditure is 7.0 Kkal/seconds the level of work is classified as moderate.
Related to the practice in the tutorial last week, resting time when the operator did
the tutorial is enough because it was more that the ideal time for the work.

1.4.9. Brouha Analysis

In this tutorial, we also did analyzing using Brouha Method. Uniquely, one of
our results is turned out to be a special case. That one is, when at 2 minutes the
result of P1-P3 is -13, it means that that is a special case because the condition is
inverse recovery curves with criteria P3 > 90bpm and P1-P3 ≤ -10bpm (or P3-P1 ≥
10bpm). For the other condition at 3 minutes the result of P1-P3 is 26 and P1,P2,P3
are below 90 bpm, it shows that the classification of workload is in normal curves.
The last result when the operator did lifting in 5 minutes, P1-P3 is 14 and P1,P2,P3
are below 90 bpm, it means that the classification of the workload is also in
normal curves.
In this experiment, the operator should be in healthy condition and the weight
should be ideal to lifting the object with the weight of 10 kg to get the exact values
for doing classification.

1.4.10. Overall Analysis

From the %CVL calculation, it shows that the heartbeat will affect the result of
CVL, the faster the heartbeat is, it will make the %CVL higher. It also happened
for energy expenditure, when the heartbeat is faster, it makes the energy
expenditure higher. The resting time, calculate by the total time shift work and the
energy expenditure. The factors which may affect the calculation in this
experiment mainly in Brouha method is the weight of the operator and the load,
the temperature of the room, work time intensity, the health of operator who
should be under 40 years old with a fit condition and have good nutrition for her
body, also not smoking. From the experiment, the operator was in a good
condition, no smoking, and has good nutrition for her body, so it can be said that
she is healthy.

1.4.11. Conclusion
Heartbeat affects the percentage of CVL and the energy expenditure, from the
results of the calculation shows that the faster the heartbeat makes the CVL and
energy expenditure higher.

a. %CVL for the load lifting in 2 minutes, with working pulse 150 is 70.75%,
means that the treatment is work in short time.
b. %CVL for the load lifting in 3 minutes, with working pulse 100 is 23.58%,
means that there is no fatigue.
c. %CVL for the load lifting in 5 minutes, with working pulse 120 is 45.45%,
means it need to be improve

Resting time used to avoiding the excessive fatigue of the operator. From
the experiment, we can analyze the ideal resting time of the operator.
a. Resting time of lifting in 2 minutes with energy expenditure 10 is 1.17
minutes.
b. Resting time of lifting in 3 minutes with energy expenditure 5 is 0 minutes
or no need to take a rest.
c. Resting time of lifting in 5 minutes with energy expenditure 7 is 1.82
minutes.

From the calculations, there are 2 classifications of workload in the

tutorial that we did by using Brouha methods. First is normal curves and the
second is inverse recovery curves (special case).

 Workload criteria in 2 minutes lifting

P1 - P3 = 66-70
= -13
The workload classification is in a special case
Inverse recovery curves
 Workload criteria in 3 minutes lifting
P1 - P3 = 78-52
= 26
The workload classification is normal curves, because P1-P3 ≥ 10bpm
and P1, P2, P3 ≤ 90 bpm
 Workload criteria in 5 minutes lifting
P1 - P3 = 80-64
= 14
The workload classification is normal curves, because P1-P3 ≥ 10bpm
and P1, P2, P3 ≤ 90 bpm

1.4.12. Attachment

Figure 1. Observation Sheet

Figure 2. Observation Sheet