LESSON 6: GLOBAL DIVIDES: THE
NORTH AND THE SOUTH
Zeid Ra’ad Al Hussein – said that
Myanmar will not allow investigators to
fully assess what’s happening to the Muslim
Rohingya community.
GLOBAL NORTH:
● Home of all the members of G8 and
to four of the five permanent
members of UN Security Council
● United States, Canada, Western
Europe
● Developed parts of Asia Australia
and
● New Zealand
GLOBAL SOUTH:
● Africa, Latin America
● Developing Asia, including Middle
East
NORTHERN HEMISPHERE:
● Rich
● Industrialized
● Wealthy Nations
● Democratic Capitalist Countries
SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE:
● Developing Nations
● Non-Democratic Countries
Major Premise – The underdevelopment of
certain states/peoples and their lack of
representations in global political process is
a reality.
Prevalent – Imbalances of Aggregate
economics and political power between
states Interstate dimensions.
NORTH vs SOUTH:
North: Realism, Liberalism/Constructivism
South: Marxism, Post Modernism
Globalism (Steger) - Global economic
integration is not only inevitable given the
rise of new technologies.
Civilization Discourse – Dominant
ideology of colonialism and the logic that
shaped the birth of international order.
Modernization Theory (Rostow) –
Outlined the historical progression terms of
a society’s capacity to produce and consume
material goods.
LESSON 7: ASIAN REGIONALISM
● China says it doesn’t want a trade
war, but its’s not going to back down
if President Trump starts one.
● The center of gravity of the global
economy is shifting to Asia. The
region’s economy is already similar
in size to those of Europe and North
America.
● Regionalism is a relatively new
aspect of Asia’s rise.
● Asian economies are principally
connected through markets, but
where markets lead, governments are
following.
How can Asian regionalism benefit the
world?
● Generate productivity gains, new
ideas and competition that boost
 economic growth and raise incomes
across the world
● Contribute to the efficiency and
stability of global financial markets
by making Asian capital markets
stronger and safer, and by
maximizing the productive use of
Asian savings
● Diversify sources of global demand,
helping to stabilize the world
economy and diminish the risks
posed by global imbalances and
downturns in other major economies
● Provide leadership to help sustain
open global trade and financial
systems and
● Create regional mechanisms to
manage health, safety, and
environmental issues better, and thus
contribute to more effective global
solutions of these problems.
Asian regionalism can help to sustain global
economic progress at a time when other
major regions are reaching economic
maturity.
GATT – General Agreement on Tariffs and
Trade
WTO – World Trade Organization
PRC – People’s Republic of China
LESSON 8: GLOBAL MEDIA
CULTURES
Cultural Imperialism – Cultural
Imperialism theory argued that audiences
across the globe are heavily affected by
media messages emanating from the western
industrialized countries.
- The global media debate was
launched during the 1973 General
Conference of the UNESCO in
Nairobi, Kenya.
NWIO – New World Information Order
NWICO – New World Information
Communication Order
UNESCO – United Nations Educational,
Scientific, and Cultural Organization
John Tomlinson (1991) – Globalization
replaced cultural imperialism because it
conveys a process with less coherence and
direction.
Benjamin Barber – Formulated the theory
about the globalization of culture in the
book Jihad vs. Mcworld (1996)
Cultural hybridity or hybridization – This
view privileges an understanding of the
interface of globalization and localization as
a dynamic process and hybrid process and
hybrid product of mixed traditions and
cultural forms.
LESSON 9: THE GLOBALIZATION OF
RELIGION
The Islamic State – Also known as ISIS,
ISIL, or Daesh – emerged from the remnants
of al Qaeda in Iraq (AQI), a local offshoot
of al Qaeda founded by Abu Musab al
Zarqawi in 2004.
- The group changed its name to the
Islamic State of Iraq and Syria in
2013.
● June 2014 – ISIS launched an
offensive in Mosul and Tikrit.
● June 29 - IISI leader Abu Bakr al
Baghdadi announced the formation
of caliphate stretching from Allepo
in Syria to Diyala in Iraq, and
renamed the group the Islamic State.
● August 7, 2014 – A U S – led
coalition began airstrikes against
ISIS in Iraq and expanded the
 campaign to Syria the following
month.
● October 15 – United States named
the campaign “Operation Inherent
Resolve”
● 2015 - Over the next year, the United
States conducted more than 8,000
airstrikes in Iraq and Syria.
● ISIS suffered key losses along
Syria’s border with Turkey, and by
the end of 2015 Iraqi forces had
made progress in recapturing
Ramadi.
● 2015 - ISIS expanded into a network
of affiliates in at least eight other
countries.
● October – ISIS’s Egypt affiliate
bombed a Russian airplane, killing
224 people
● November 13 – 130 people were
killed and more than 300 injured in a
series of coordinated attacks in
Paris.
● June 2016 – a gunman who pledged
support to ISIS killed at least a four-
dozen people at a nightclub in
Orlando, Florida.
● December 2017 – the ISIS caliphate
had lost 95 percent of its territory,
including its two biggest properties,
Mosul, Iraq’s second largest city,
and the Northern Syria city of
Raqqa, its normal capital.
● December 9, 2017 – The Iraqi Prime
Minister Haider al Abadi declared
victory over the Islamic State in Iraq.
But ISIS was still inspiring and
carrying out attacks all over the
world, including New York City.
● September 11, 2001 – Mohammed
Atta boarded the airline that soon
thereafter slammed into the World
Trade Center towers, he left behind
a manual of instructions.
Religious activists – are puzzling anomalies
in the secular world.
LESSON 10: THE GLOBAL CITY
GPCI – Global Power City Index
- Evaluates and ranks the major cities
of the world according to their
“magnetism” or their comprehensive
power to attract creative people and
business enterprises around the
world.
Global City
- Emerged in the social science
literature in the 1980s, shortly after
the concept of globalization.
- Has a central place in understanding
contemporary spatial patterns of
globalization
- It is the main physical and
geographic playground of the
globalizing forces
- The global flows of people, capital
and ideas are woven into the daily
lived experiences of its residents.
- It means power, sophistication,
wealth, and influence
- The ideas and values of the
metropolis shape the world.
- Embodies both the good and the bad
effects of globalization.
- The global city transcends
boundaries of nation states
- According to Sassen (1991), global
cities are characterized by
occupational and income
polarization
- The lifestyle and needs of the well-
off professional classes bring into the
global city an army of low-paid
workers.
 -Sassen (2005) introduces global
cities as global command centers of
the world economy.
COSMOPOLITANISM
-it is the phenomenon most readily
associated with the global city
KEY FINDINGS OF THE GPCI-2017
- The idea of cosmopolitanism invokes
pleasant images of travel,
Eexploration and worldly pursuits
enjoyed by those who have benefited
from globalization
- Everyday life is significantly shaped
by commercial culture, retail and
shopping as well as cross cultural
variety of food, fashion,
entertainment and various other
consumables and artifacts.
- Consumption is costly in resources
- Networks and groups rely on
geographic proximity
GLOBAL CITIES ARE LIVABLE
BECAUSE:
TRENDS FOR THE TOP 3 CITIES:
● They provide jobs that pay an
adequate wage.
● They provide basic services,
including safe water and adequate
sanitation.
● They are void of discriminatory
practices.
● People have access to educational
opportunities and health care.
● People are not a risk of forced
eviction.
● People enjoy security of tenure in
affordable housing.
● People live in communities that are
safe and environment that are clean.
● The cities are governed through
inclusive local democratic processes.
JAPANESE MORIN FOUNDATION’S
GLOBAL POWER CITY INDEX
✓ Economy
✓ Research and Development
✓ Cultural Interaction
✓ Livability
✓ Environment
✓ Accessibility
● In the GPCI-2017 comprehensive
ranking, the top five cities: (No.1)
London (No.2) New York (No.3)
Tokyo (No.4) Paris (No.5)
Singapore. All maintain their
respective positions from last year.
These cities have remained in the top
5 for nine consecutive years.
● Sydney (No.10) climbs four spots
this year to edge its way into the top
10 for the first time in seven years.
Cities such as Los Angeles (No.11)
Beijing (No.13) and San Francisco
(No.17) also largely improve their
rankings from last year.
● London, the No.1 city in the
comprehensive ranking for the sixth
year in a row
● New York (No.2) increases its scores
for the Economy indicators of
nominal GDP and GDP growth rate
● Tokyo claimed the No.3 ranking for
the first-time last year and closes the
gap of New York (No.2) this year.