Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
2
Navarro, Andrew
Roa,Joseph A
The First Philippine Republic was inaugurated
in Malolos, Bulacan
Emilio Aguinaldo was proclaimed the
President of the Philippine Republic in
Malolos.
Aguinaldo established the Dictatorial
Government in May 1898 to show the capacity
of Filipinos for self-government.
Diff. departments were created for the division
of duties of the new government.
Aguinaldo decided to establish a Filipino government
in the wake of his military victories.
He had a draft of a plan for the establishment of a
revolutionary government, prepared by Mariano
Ponce.
Consul Wildman – advised Aguinaldo to establish a
dictatorial government in which could lead to a
republican government similar to that of the united
States.
Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista – Aguinaldo’s 1st
adviser, who also told him to form a dictatorial
government.
May 24 1898 – Aguinaldo issued a decree formally
establishing the Dictatorial Government which
nullified the orders issued under the authority of the
Biak-na-Bato Republic.
June 12, 1898 – proclamation of the independence of
the Philippines at Cavite el Viejo (Kawit).
Philippine National Flag – made in HongKong by
Marcela Agoncillo, Lorenza Agoncillo, and Delfina
Herboza.
June 5, 1898 – Aguinaldo issued a decree setting aside
June 12 as the day for proclamation of Philippine
Independence.
Julian Felipe – composer from Cavite, who showed
the draft of Composition entitled Marcha Filipina
Magdalo which was later changed to Marcha
Nacional Filipana.
Act of Declaration of Independence – prepared by Ambrosio
Riamzares Bautista, signed by 98 people, however was
promulgated on August 1.
Came after 1 month of Dictatorial Government through
decree on June 23, 1898.
4 Departments were created: 1) Dept. of Foreign Affairs,
Navy and Commerce, 2) Dept. of War and Public Works, 3)
Dept. of Police and Internal Order, Justice, Education and
Hygiene, and
4) Dept. of Finance, Agriculture and Manufacturing
Industry.
July 15, 1898 – 1st Cabinet Appointments
*Baldomero Aguinaldo – war and public works
*Leandro Ibarra – interior *Mariano Trias – finance
foreign affairs was first offered to Mariano Ponce but he
declined, so it was given to Mabini instead.
September 28 – 6 departments: Foreign Affairs, War,
Interior, Welfare, Justice & Treasury.
MALOLOS CONGRESS
Officers:
President: Pedro A. Paterno
Vice President: Benito Legarda
1st Secretary: Gregorio Araneta
2nd Secretary: Pablo Ocampo
Mabini envisioned the Congress to be an advisory
body of the President.
But his idea was contradicted by Congress when it
opposed to draft a constitution. Congress advanced the
opinion that a modern constitution
was imperative in order to secure the recognition of the
Philippine independence by foreign powers. Mabini,
on the other hand argued that a delicate task as the
framing of the constitution should be done in a
peaceful and quiet mood
Mabini added that Congress was convoked not to
frame a constitution, but to advise the President and to
give him popular support.
although his arguments were unassailable he was
defeated by majority under the leadership of
Paterno.
Nevertheless, Mabini submitted his Constitutional
Plane of the Philippine Republic, but Congress, for
the second time, overruled him.
A committee to draft the constitution was created,
with Felipe G. Calderon as its mort prominent
member.
the committee, under the influence of Calderon,
also set aside, but in a subtle manner, Paterno's
constitutional plan
With the advice of Cayettano Arellano, Calderon
drew up his plans for a constitution, deriving
inspiration from the constitutions of Mexico,
Belgium, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Brazil and
France.
A few other amendments were inserted in the draft
constitution before it was sent to Aguinaldo for
approval. On January 21, 1899, Aguinaldo
promulgated what is now known as the Malolos
Constitution.
The protracted discussions that characterized the
Congress sessions on the subject of whether or not
Church and State should be united showed:
Filipinos as a people, though up in arms against
Catholic Spain, were not anti-Catholic but merely anti-
clerical, and second,
many of the delegates learned from the bitter lesson of
the Philippine history in voting against the union of
Church and State which, under Spain, was the
fundamental basis of Spanish colonial system.
That decision became the cornerstone of Philippine
democracy and showed not only the nationalism and
democratic orientation of those who voted for the
separation of Church and State, but also their keen
sense of history.
- The Malolos Constitution:
Some of its characteristics: