Tabla de datos experimentales

Diámetro del Temperaturas °C Tiempo de Diferencias de

tanque (m) operación altura de nivel
(horas)
Δh (m)

MA (kg/h) 0.596 23 0.1666 0.101

solución diluida

Mp (kg/h) 0.346 62 0.1666 0.234

Solución
concentrada

E 0.346 E Ec 0.1666 0.1

Solvente 62 46
evaporado

MV (kg/h) 0.4 Mv Mvc 0.1666 0.088

Vapor de agua 100 39

de caldera

MH2O (kg/h) 0.56 tentrada tsalida 0.0166 0.298

Agua de 23 27
condensación

MR tentrada a la tsalida a la
calandria calandria

58 66

Cálculos

1) Balance de materiales. CALEFACTOR.

 Cálculo de MA
𝜋 ∆ℎ
𝐺𝑣𝐴 = (𝑑𝐴)2 ∗
4 ∆𝜃
𝜋 0.101 𝑚
𝐺𝑣𝐴 = (0.596𝑚)2 ∗
4 0.1666 ℎ𝑟
𝑚3
𝐺𝑣𝑎 = 0.1691
ℎ
Gasto masa de solución diluida (𝑀𝐴 ):
kg
𝝆𝑨 𝒂 𝟐𝟑℃ = 𝟗𝟗𝟕. 𝟒 3
m
𝑘𝑔
𝑀𝐴 = 𝐺𝑣𝐴 ∗ 𝜌𝐴 [=]
ℎ
𝑚3 kg 𝑘𝑔
𝑀𝐴 = 0.1691 ∗ 997.4 3 =
ℎ m ℎ
𝒌𝒈
𝑴𝑨 = 𝟏𝟔𝟖. 𝟔𝟔𝟎𝟑
𝒉
 Cálculo de MV
𝜋 ∆ℎ
𝐺𝑣𝑉 = (𝑑𝑀𝑣)2 ∗
4 ∆𝜃
𝜋 0.088 𝑚
𝐺𝑣𝑉 = (0.4 𝑚)2 ∗
4 0.1666 ℎ𝑟
𝑚3
𝐺𝑣𝑉 = 0.0663
ℎ

Gasto masa de vapor condensado (𝑀𝑉 ):

kg
𝝆𝑽 𝒂 𝟑𝟗℃ = 𝟗𝟗𝟐. 𝟒𝟖 3
m
𝑘𝑔
𝑀𝑉𝑐 = 𝐺𝑣𝑉 ∗ 𝜌𝑉 [=]
ℎ
𝑚3 kg
𝑀𝑉𝑐 = 0.0663 ∗ 992,48 3 957.9
ℎ m
𝒌𝒈
𝑴𝑽𝒄 = 𝟔𝟓. 𝟖𝟎𝟏𝟒
𝒉
 Cálculo de MH2O
𝜋 ∆ℎ
𝐺𝑣𝐻20 = (𝑑ℎ2𝑜)2 ∗
4 ∆𝜃
𝜋 2
0.198 𝑚
𝐺𝑣𝐻20 = (0.56 𝑚) ∗
4 0.0166 ℎ𝑟
𝑚3
𝐺𝑣𝐻20 = 2.9378
ℎ
Gasto masa de agua (𝑀𝐻20 ):
kg
𝝆𝑽 𝒂 𝟐𝟑℃ = 𝟗𝟗𝟕. 𝟐 3
m
𝑘𝑔
𝑀𝐻20 = 𝐺𝑣𝐻20 ∗ 𝜌𝐻20 [=]
ℎ
𝑚3 kg
𝑀𝐻20 = 2.9378 ∗ 𝟗𝟗𝟕. 𝟐 3
ℎ m
𝒌𝒈
𝑴𝑯𝟐𝟎 = 𝟐𝟗𝟐𝟗. 𝟓𝟕𝟒𝟏
𝒉

Cálculo de MP
kg
𝝆𝒑 = 𝟗𝟖𝟐. 𝟏𝟒
𝒂 𝟔𝟐℃ m3𝜋
∆ℎ∗ 𝜌𝐻20 ∗ (𝐷)2 ∗
4
Mp =
∆𝜃
kg 𝜋
0.234 𝑚∗982.14 3 ∗ (0.346)2 ∗
m 4
Mp =
0.1666 ℎ
kg
Mp =129.7048
ℎ
Cálculo del evaporado condensado (Ec)
kg
𝝆𝑬𝒄 𝒂 𝟒𝟔℃ = 𝟗𝟖𝟗. 𝟕 3
m
𝜋
∆ℎ∗ 𝜌𝐻20 ∗ (𝐷)2 ∗ 4
Ec =
∆𝜃
kg 𝜋
0.1 𝑚∗989.7 3 ∗ (0.346)2 ∗
m 4
Ec =
0.1666 ℎ
kg
Ec= 55.8561
ℎ

Cálculo de la masa del evaporado por balance de materia

MA = MP +E
kg kg
MA = 129.7048 + 55.8561
ℎ ℎ
 kg
MA =185.5609
ℎ

2) Balance de calor
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
HA=Cp*ΔT [=]
𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
HA=1 *(23-0) °C
𝑘𝑔 °𝐶
𝒌𝒄𝒂𝒍
HA=23
𝒌𝒈

𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
HP=Cp*ΔT [=]
𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
HP=1 *(62-0) °C
𝑘𝑔 °𝐶
𝒌𝒄𝒂𝒍
HP=62
𝒌𝒈
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
HE= Hv@ta +( 0.45*APE) [=]
𝑘𝑔
APE= tx-ta
APE= (62-62) °C
APE= 0 °C
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
HE=624 +(0.45*0)
𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
HE= 624
𝑘𝑔

QT= EHE + MPHP – MAHA

kg 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙 kg 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙 kg 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
QT= (55.8561 *624 )+( 131.0255 ∗62 ) – (185.5609 ∗23 )
ℎ 𝑘𝑔 ℎ 𝑘𝑔 ℎ 𝑘𝑔
𝒌𝒄𝒂𝒍
QT =38709.8867
𝒉

∆𝑇2 = 𝑇𝑣 − 𝑡𝑥 = (117 − 62) ℃ = 55 ℃

∆𝑇1 = 𝑇𝑣 − 𝑇𝐴 = (117 − 23) ℃ = 94 ℃
∆𝑇 −∆𝑇
𝛥𝑇 = 1∆𝑇1 2 [=] ℃
ln( )
∆𝑇2
(94−55) ℃
𝛥𝑇 = 94 ℃
ln( )
55 ℃
𝛥𝑇 = 72.7664 ℃

AT =π*D*L*Ntubos
AT =π*0.03 m*2.54 m*4
AT =0.9575 m2
𝑄𝑇
U=
𝐴𝑇∗ 𝛥𝑇
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝟑𝟖𝟔𝟕𝟗.𝟓𝟏𝟎𝟔
ℎ
U=
0.9575 m2∗72.7664 °C

𝒌𝒄𝒂𝒍
U= 555.1512
𝒉 𝒎𝟐 °𝐂

Capacidad evaporativa
𝐸
CE=𝐴
kg
55.8561
ℎ
CE= 0.9575 𝑚2 =58.3353
Economía
𝐸
Ɛ=
𝑀𝑣
kg
55.8561
Ɛ= ℎ
𝒌𝒈 =0.8488
65.8014
𝒉

Qs=Mv* λv
𝒌𝒈 𝒌𝒄𝒂𝒍
Qs= 𝟔𝟓. 𝟖𝟎𝟏𝟒 𝒉 ∗ 𝟓𝟐𝟖. 𝟏 𝒌𝒈
𝒌𝒄𝒂𝒍
Qs=34749.7193 𝒉

𝑄𝑇
𝜂𝑡 = ∗ 100
𝑄𝑠
𝒌𝒄𝒂𝒍
𝟑𝟖𝟕𝟎𝟗.𝟖𝟖𝟔𝟕
𝒉
𝜂𝑡 = 𝒌𝒄𝒂𝒍 ∗ 100
34749.7193 𝒉
𝜂𝑡 = 111.3962 %

𝑄𝑎𝑏𝑠
𝑤𝑟 =
𝐶𝑝 ∗ ∆𝑇

𝐾𝑐𝑎𝑙
38709.8867 𝑘𝑔
𝑤𝑟 = ℎ = 4838.7358
𝐾𝑐𝑎𝑙 ℎ
1 (66 − 58)°𝐶
𝐾𝑔 ∗ °𝐶

Velocidad
𝜋
𝐴𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑗𝑜 = 4 ∗ ∗ (0.03)2
4
𝐴𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑗𝑜 = 0.00282 𝑚2
𝑀𝐴
Ventrada=
𝐴𝑓 ∗𝜌
kg
185.5609
ℎ
Ventrada= kg
0.00282 𝑚2 ∗997.4 3
m
𝑚
Ventrada=65.9732
ℎ

Vsalida= VE+ VMp

𝑚 𝑚
Vsalida= 20.0132 + 46.8310
ℎ ℎ
𝑚
Vsalida=66.8442
ℎ

𝐸
VE =
𝐴𝑓 ∗𝜌
kg
55.8561
ℎ
VE = kg
0.00282 𝑚2 ∗989.7 3
m
𝑚
VE =20.0132
ℎ
𝑀𝑃
VMp =
𝐴𝑓 ∗𝜌
kg
129.7048
ℎ
VMp = kg
0.00282 𝑚2 ∗982.14 3
m
𝑚
VMp =46.8310
ℎ

𝑉𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑎+ 𝑉𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎
Vmedia=
2
𝑚 𝑚
65.9732 + 66.8442
ℎ ℎ
Vmedia=
2
𝑚
Vmedia=66.4087
ℎ
Tiempo de residencia
𝐿
𝜃=
0.5∗(𝑉𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑎+ 𝑉𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎)
2.54 𝑚
𝜃= 𝑚 𝑚
0.5∗( 65.9732 + 66.8442 )
ℎ ℎ
1ℎ
𝜃 =0.0382 h∗ =0.00001seg
3600𝑠𝑒𝑔
Condensador.

Calor suministrado por el solvente evaporado.

Qs= E* λv

kg kcal
Qs= 55.8561 ∗ 562
ℎ ℎ

kcal
Qs=31391.1282
ℎ

Calor transferido al agua

QA H20= MH20 *Cp*𝛥𝑇

𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑄𝐴𝐻2𝑂 = 2929.5741 *1 *(27-23) °C
ℎ 𝑘𝑔 °𝐶
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑄𝐴𝐻2𝑂 = 11718.2964
ℎ

𝑄𝑝 = 𝑄𝑆 − 𝑄𝐴

𝑄𝑝 = (31391.1282 − 11718.2964) 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙/ℎ

𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑄𝑝 = 19672.8318
ℎ

𝑄𝑎 11718.2964
𝑛= = ∗ 100 = 37.3299%
𝑄𝑠 31391.1282

∆𝑇1 = (62 − 23) ℃ = 39 ℃

∆𝑇2 = (46 − 27) ℃ = 19 ℃

∆𝑇1 − ∆𝑇2
𝛥𝑇 =
∆𝑇
ln ( 1 )
∆𝑇2

(39−19) ℃
𝛥𝑇 = 39℃
ln( )
19℃

𝛥𝑇 = 27.8116 ℃

𝑄𝑎 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑈= [=]
𝐴 𝑇 ∗ ∆𝑇 ℎ𝑚2 °𝐶

17636.4792 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑈= [=]
0.9575𝑚^2 ∗ 27.8116 ℎ𝑚2 °𝐶

𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑈 = 662.2883
ℎ𝑚2 °𝐶
 𝜋
𝐴𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑗𝑜 = 2 ∗ ∗ (0.03𝑚)2
4

𝐴𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑗𝑜 = 0.0014

𝑀𝐴𝐻20
VE =
𝜌∗ 𝐴

𝑘𝑔
4409.1198 1ℎ
ℎ
VE = 𝑘𝑔 ∗ = 0.8771 𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑔
997.4 ∗ 0.0014𝑚2 3600𝑠𝑒𝑔
𝑚3

𝑀𝐴𝐻20
VS =
𝜌∗ 𝐴

𝑘𝑔
4409.1198 1ℎ
ℎ
Vs = 𝑘𝑔 ∗ = 0.8778 𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑔
996.6 ∗ 0.0014𝑚2 3600𝑠𝑒𝑔
𝑚3

Tiempo de residencia
𝐿
𝜃=
0.5∗(𝑉𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑎+ 𝑉𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎)
2.54 𝑚
𝜃= 𝑚 𝑚
0.5∗(0.8771 + 0.8778 )
ℎ ℎ
1ℎ
𝜃 =2.8947 h ∗ =0.00080 seg
3600𝑠𝑒𝑔