Consideraciones importantes II parcial - Métodos Fı́sico-Matemáticos

Facultad de Ciencias, UNAH

Polinomios Ortogonales clásicos y for- series de Legendre

mula generalizada de Rodriguez ∞
X
1 dn f (x) = an Pn (x) (13)
Fn (x) = (wsn ) (1) n=0
w(x) dxn Z 1
2n + 1
an = f (x)Pn (x)dx (14)
Z b 2 −1
pk (x)Fn (x)w(x)dx = 0; k < n (2)
a Polinomios asociados de Legendre

1 dn dm
Fn (x) = (wsn ) (3) Plm (x) = (−1)m (1 − x2 )m/2 P (x) (15)
kn w(x) dxn dxm l
(−1)m 2 m/2 d
l+m
Plm (x) = (1 − x ) (x2 − 1)l (16)
Polinomios de Legendre 2l l! dxl+m
Ecuación diferencial de Legendre: (l − m)! m
Pl−m (x) = (−1)m P (x) (17)
(l + m)! l
d2y dy
(1 − x2 ) 2
− 2x + l(l + 1)y = 0 (4) Ortogonalidad
dx dx
Z 1
2(l + m)!
Soluciones en forma de series: Plm (x)Plm
0 (x)dx = δ 0 (18)
−1 (2l + 1)(l − m)! ll
∞ N
X (−1)n Y
y1 (x) = 1 + (l − 2n + 2)(l + 2n − 1)x2n (5) Relaciones de recurrencia
(2n)!
n=1 n=1

para l par (2l + 1)xPlm (x) = (l + m)Pl−1

m m
(x) + (l − m + 1)Pl+1 (x)
∞ N
X (−1)n Y 2mx
y2 (x) = x + (l − 2n + 1)(l + 2n)x2n+1 (6) Plm+1 (x) + P m (x) + (l + m)(l − m + 1)Plm−1 (x) = 0
(2n + 1)! (1 − x2 )1/2 l
n=1 n=1

para l impar Tal que: Funciones Gamma y Beta

Pn (x) = cn y1 (x) ∨ cn y2 (x) ; Cn ⇒ Pn (1) = 1 (7)
Z ∞
Formula de Rodriguez para Legendre Γ (x) = e−t t x−1 dt; x > 0 (19)
0
1 dn 2 Z 1
Pn (x) = (x − 1)n (8) B(x, y) = t x−1 (1 − t)y−t dt ; x > 0, y > 0 (20)
2n n! dxn
0

Función Generadora de Legendre

Propiedades de la función Gamma
∞
1 X
g(x, t) = √ = Pn (x)t n (9) Γ (1) = 1 (21)
1 − 2xt + t 2 n=0 Γ (x + 1) = xΓ (x) (22)
Γ (x + 1) = x! (23)
Relaciones básicas de recurrecia: Z∞
2
(2n + 1)xPn (x) = (n + 1)Pn+1 (x) + nPn−1 (x) (10) Γ (x) = 2 e−t t 2x−1 dt (24)
0
Z π/2
Γ (x)Γ (y)
0
Pn+1 0
+ Pn−1 (x) = 2xPn0 (x) + Pn (x) (11) cos2x−1 θ sin2y−1 θdθ = (25)
0 2Γ (x + y)
1 √
Ortogonalidad Γ( ) = π (26)
2
Z1 Z∞ √
2 2 π
Pn (x)Pm (x)dx = δ (12) e−t dt = (27)
−1 2n + 1 nm 0 2
 2

Propiedades de la función Beta

Γ (x)Γ (y)
B(x, y) = (28)
Γ (x + y)
B(x, y) = B(y, x) (29)
x
B(x + 1, y) = B(x, y) (30)
x+y
y
B(x, y + 1) = B(x, y) (31)
x+y
22x−1
Γ (2x) = √ Γ (x)Γ (x + 1/2) (32)
π
(2x)! √
Γ (x + 1/2) = 2x π (33)
2 x!