emir: = GLOBALISATION: MINI CASE STUDIES sclucive é acknowledged thatthe benefits of How inclusive is globalisation are barely being globalisation? bussed on to sl-Saharan Africa and Global integration is spatially may actually have accentuated selective: some countries benefit, _-‘™&BY of its problems. Figure | selective: some countries benefit, TAS that Africa scrolled for fleveloping couatrics have increased OMY 2.3% of global accumulated Cee eee eee inward direct investment in 2001. countries have attracted the bulk of Te entire Affican continental foreign direct investment. Such ¢20R0m is no lerger than Spain's at low-income ‘globalisers’ as Chins, $590 billlen. Brazil, India and Mexico have increased considerat je. The level of international aid given incre considerably thei tade> 9 Ags ily 404 Deween 190 : td 1958 Alough ncn” these economics gow Byam average : . OS TyearaaSe te losog S forsnmenal onions suck fea isan Addo sch conpated wit inthe aevlopedShestan Aa ‘countries. However, on the other is reduction they argue strongly side ofthe coin are the wo billion hat trade is the key to real people who live in countries that evelopment, being worth 20 times hhave become less rather than more Much asaid. However, the Hobalised Gn an economic sense).as 2¢ing situation of Africa will only Hotlied (nan economic sense) as (hovogc he racing east tradchafleningeadon co {Oty MEDIe and LEDC includes most African (Case Study dé fairer to bring more Benefits 1)and many Muslim countries. In (0 1A¢ latter tn fac, NiFica's share these ‘non-globalising’ countries. ‘world trade has fallen in recent income per person fell by an average decades. According to Oxfam, if of 1% year during the 1990s. sub-Saharan Africa had maintaine capor atthe same level e190, its economy would be worth an Case Study 1 extra $280 billion a year. ‘Africa: by-passed by the benefits of globalisation IMF-World Baak loans aze usually ‘An Oxfam report published in April conditional on African countries 2002 stated that if Africa increased opening their markets. Historically, its share of world trade by just 198 it African trade barriers have been ‘would carn aa additional £49 billion high but they have becn reduced a year ~five times the amount it significantly in recent years. Although the situation varies aeross the continent, some countries such 435 Mali, Movambique and Zambia sre more open to trade than the EU and the USA. However, many souatries complain that MEDCs, in particular the EU and the USA, are snot implementing at home the free ‘rade policies they expect African couatries to follow. The high level ‘of agricultural subsidies in the USA and the EU isa particular cause of ‘coacera, resulting in artificially cheap food flooding African smarkets. An example of the impact such “dumping” can have is the fate ‘of the Ghanaian rice industry which has collapsed in recent years as heavily subsidised US and Thai imports have undercut local producers. From being an exporter ‘of ice, Ghana now imports £100 million of rice a year. Soars Fae Toms, 25 Speer 202