Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila

College of Engineering and Technology

Chemical Engineering Department

SPRAY DRYER

DESIGN DESCRIPTION

Spray drying is a method of producing a dry powder from a liquid or slurry by rapidly
drying with a hot gas. In a spray dryer a liquid or slurry solution is sprayed into a hot gas
stream in the form of mist of fine droplets. This is achieved with the use of special nozzles
called atomizers. The atomization of the feed creates very large surface area, followed by
intense contact with hot air. Due to this, rapid evaporation occurs from the surface of each
particle or droplet in the spray. (Perry, 2008). The water is rapidly vaporized from the
droplets, leaving particles of dry solid which are separated from the gas stream.
(Genkoplis, 2012)

Depending on the process needs, drop sizes from 10 to 500 µm can be achieved with
spray dying. The most common applications are in the 100 to 200 µm diameter range. The
dry powder is free-flowing. (Mujumdar, 2007).

DESIGN SELECTION

Spray Dryer is selected because the fine powders generated from it have uniform
particle size. The major and most successful applications of spray dryers are for slurries
which cannot be dewatered mechanically. It is ideal for heat-sensitive materials and
cannot be exposed to high temperature atmospheres short drying periods. Among the
types of spray dryers, centrifugal-disk dryer is used which is particularly advantageous
for atomizing suspensions and pastes that erode and plug nozzles. The FS1.5 rotary
atomizer was selected (Table12-41, Pg. 12-92 of Perry, 8th ed.).

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DESIGN PARTS AND ACCESSORIES

Figure 1. Isometric View of Spray Dryer, Parts and Accessories

Figure 2. Schematic Diagram of Spray Dryer, Parts and Accessories

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Centrifugal Fan
The centrifugal fan along with its electrical motor drive assembly, is the one that
provides the required drying air for the spray dryer.
Heating Coils
The heating coils provides the heat to increase the temperature of the drying air
which is required to vaporize the feed droplets in the spray dryer. The heating coils are
heated by steam which passes inside the coils.
Feed Inlet
The slurry feed is pumped from the evaporator through a pipeline that is directly
connected to the feed inlet of the spray dryer. The slurry feed enters from to the spray
dryer via the feed inlet and passes through the atomizer.
Atomizer
The wet slurry feed is pumped to an atomizer which disperses the feed into smaller
droplets/particles creating a large surface area resulting to rapid drying time. This is also
the main feature that distinguishes the spray dryer from other types of dryer.
Motor Drive for Atomizer
The atomizer is powered by a motor drive which is placed on top section of the
spray dryer.
Drying Air Inlet
The hot drying air enters the drying chamber through the drying air inlet. The hot
air is supplied by a centrifugal fan which passes to a series of steam heated coils to impart
heat to the air.
Drying Chamber
This is the section of the spray dryer where the atomization of the feed and the
intense contact of the droplets to the hot drying gas occurs. The drying chamber must
provide enough space for the drying air to circulate and induce drying of the droplets.
Product Outlet: Ball Valve
The product is discharged in the bottom of the spray dryer through the product
outlet, which is controlled by a ball valve.
Drying Air Outlet
This is where the drying air containing the moisture removed from the droplets
escapes outside the drying chamber. The air goes to a bag filter prior to its discharge to
the atmosphere, to further purify the air to be discharged.
Bag Filter

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This is an emission control accessory incorporated to the spray dryer. Its main
function is to purify the air prior to its release to the environment.

DATA AND ASSUMPTIONS

1. The mass of the entering feed is 467 kg/batch (From material balance, Pg. 215).
2. Diphenolic acid leaving the dryer is 355 kg/batch (From material balance, Pg. 215)
3. Initial moisture content of feed is 32% w/w.
4. Final moisture of diphenolic acid leaving the spray dryer is assumed to be 10%.
5. The density of the feed slurry is 1226 kg/m3.
6. Drying air enters at 150OC (423 K) and leaves at 81OC (354 K). (Initial temp from
material balance, Pg 210; Final Temp. calculated by interpolation of values given
from Table 12-43, Pg. 12-96 of Perry 8th ed.).
7. The densities of air at 150ºC and 81 ºC are 0.867 kg/m3 and 1.024 kg/m3 respectively.
(From Geankoplis, Table A.3-3, Pg. 971).
8. The kinematic viscosity of air at 150ºC is 1.495x10-5m2/s (From Geankoplis, Table A.3-
3, Pg. 971).

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

1. Drying air is concurrent to the feed, to prevent degradation of product due to high
temperature and provide product with low final temperature.
2. The material to be handled is diphenolic acid slurry from the evaporator.
3. The material of construction is stainless steel.
4. The insulation material is calcium silicate.
5. For FS1.5 Rotary Atomizer: (From Table 12-41, Pg. 12-92 of Perry 8th ed.)

 The speed range is 10,000 rpm to 30,000 rpm. Taking the average; 20,000 rpm,
shall be used in the design.
 Atomizer wheel diameter is 90 mm ≈ 0.3 ft.
 Maximum feed rate is 0.52 t/hr.

6. The mean particle size produced after drying is 100μm. (From Mass Transfer
Operations by Alapati Suryanarayana, Page 572).
7. The drying air is driven by a centrifugal fan:
 Suction Pressure = 741.7 mmHg (Geankoplis, Pg. 150)

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 The pressure increase induced by the fan is 1.2% (From Chemical Process
Equipment: Selection and Design 3rd Ed., Pg. 130)
 The efficiency of the fan is 80% (Geankoplis, Pg. 150)

DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
1. Spraying Time d. Height of the Drying Chamber
2. Mass Flow Rate 6. Wall thickness
3. Drying Air Requirement 7. Insulation Thickness
4. Operating Air Velocity 8. Power Consumption of Rotary
5. Chamber Dimension Atomizer
a. Column Area 9. Power Consumption of Centrifugal
b. Column Diameter Fan
c. Volume of the Drying Chamber

DESIGN CALCULATIONS

1. Spraying Time
The total spraying (feeding) time of the feed depends on the maximum feed rate that the
atomizer can handle. In case of the FS1.5 rotary atomizer, the maximum feed rate is
0.52 t/hr. To calculate for the spraying time:
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑞′𝑑 1
𝑇𝑠 = ×
𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑐ℎ 𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒
467 𝑘𝑔 ℎ𝑟 1𝑡 2.2046 𝑙𝑏 60 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑇𝑠 = × × × ×
𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑐ℎ 0.52 𝑡 2000 𝑙𝑏 1 𝑘𝑔 1 ℎ𝑟

𝑇𝑠 = 59.4 𝑚𝑖𝑛⁄𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑐ℎ ≈ 60 𝑚𝑖𝑛⁄𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑐ℎ

Use 60 min/batch spraying time.

2. Mass Flow Rate

To determine the actual mass flow rate (mf):
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑞′𝑑
𝑚𝑓 =
𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑎𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒

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𝑘𝑔
467 ⁄𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑐ℎ
𝑚𝑓 =
60 𝑚𝑖𝑛⁄𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑐ℎ

𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
𝑚𝑓 = 7.78 ≈ 7.8
𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑖𝑛
The actual mass flow rate is 7.8 kg/min.

3. Drying Air Requirement (DAR)

The drying air required is dependent on the evaporation rate of water and the moisture
removed per unit mass of air which is determined using the equation below (From Mass
Transfer Operations by Alapati Suryanarayana, Page 574):
𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝐷𝐴𝑅 =
𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑘𝑔 𝑑𝑟𝑦 𝑎𝑖𝑟
𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = (𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑚. 𝑐. −𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑚. 𝑐𝑚. ) ∗ 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = (0.32 − 0.1) ∗ 7.8 = 1.716
𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑘𝑔 𝑑𝑟𝑦 𝑎𝑖𝑟 = (ℎ𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑎𝑡 𝑇2 − ℎ𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑎𝑡 𝑇1 )
The data for humidity with respect to the temperature of air was gathered from the
humidity chart of Perry, pg. 12-7
At T1 = 150OC, H1 = 0.01 kg water / kg d.a.
At T2 = 81OC, H2 = 0.0305 kg water/ kg d.a.
𝑘𝑔 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑘𝑔 𝑑𝑟𝑦 𝑎𝑖𝑟 = (0.0305 − 0.01) = 0.0205
𝑘𝑔 𝑑. 𝑎.
1.716 𝑘𝑔 𝑑. 𝑎. 𝑘𝑔 𝑑. 𝑎. 𝑘𝑔 𝑑. 𝑎.
𝐷𝐴𝑅 = = 83.71 = 5,022.44 ≈ 5,023
0.0205 𝑚𝑖𝑛 ℎ ℎ
Drying air requirement is 5,023 kg d.a./h.

4. Operating Air Velocity

The operating air velocity (va) is estimated based on the settling velocity of the droplets
from the atomized feed inside the drying chamber. From Geankoplis, eq. 14.3-9 Page 921:
𝐷𝑝 2 (𝜌𝑃 − 𝜌𝐹 )𝑔
𝑣𝑠 =
18µ

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Where:
Dp = Drop Diameter µ = Viscosity of air at average temperature
ρp = Density of droplet vs = Settling velocity
ρF = Density of air at average temperature g = Acceleration due to gravity

1226 𝑘𝑔 0.867𝑘𝑔 9.81𝑚

(100𝑥10−6 𝑓𝑡)2 ( − )∗
𝑚3 𝑚3 𝑠2
𝑣𝑠 = −5 2
1.495𝑥10 𝑚
18 ∗ ( 𝑠 )
𝑚
𝑣𝑠 = 0.45
𝑠
The operating velocity would be twice the settling velocity to provide turbulence and
maximum contact time between droplets and air:
𝑣𝑎 = 2𝑣𝑠
𝑚
𝑣𝑎 = 2(0.45 )
𝑠
𝑚
𝑣𝑎 = 0.9
𝑠
𝒎
𝒗𝒂 ≈ 𝟏. 𝟎
𝒔
Use operating velocity of 1.0 m/s.

5. Chamber Dimensions
The calculations for chamber dimensions are based on Mass Transfer Operations by
Suryanarayana, Pages 575-576.

a. Column Area
The column area is based on the mass flow rate of the drying air and its operating
velocity. The column must provide enough space for a given mass flow rate of drying air
to circulate and remove most moisture from the droplets as possible. Thus, the equation
given below is used:
𝑚 ∗ Ṽ𝑑𝑎
𝐴𝑐 =
𝑣𝑎
Where:
Ac = Column area

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m = mass flowrate of d.a.

Ṽ𝑑𝑎 = Specific Volume of dry air
𝑣𝑎 = Operating velocity
5,023 𝑘𝑔 1 ℎ𝑟 1.1587𝑚3
∗
ℎ𝑟 3,600 𝑠 𝑘𝑔
𝐴𝑐 =
1𝑚
𝑠
𝐴𝑐 = 1.62 𝑚2
For safety purposes, we assume 15% safety,
𝐴𝑐 = 1.15 ∗ 1.62 𝑚2
𝐴𝑐 = 1.86 𝑚2
𝑨𝒄 = 𝟐 𝒎𝟐
Use Column Area of 2 m2.

b. Column Diameter
The cylindrical column diameter (Dc) is based on the computed column area which is
computed using the equation:

4𝐴𝑐
𝐷𝑐 = √
𝜋

4 ∗ 2 𝑚2
𝐷𝑐 = √
𝜋

𝐷𝑐 = 1.60 𝑚
𝑫𝒄 ≈ 𝟐 𝒎
Use Column Diameter of 2 m.

c. Volume of Drying Chamber

The total volume of the drying chamber, like the column area is based on the mass flow
rate of the entering drying air along with the specific volume of the air; which indicates the
volume of air that can be occupied by the moisture removed, and the air residence time
(T) in the chamber. The chamber volume must provide enough residence time for the air
to be scattered around the chamber providing efficient drying of the droplets. The volume
is computed using the equation:

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𝑉𝑇 = 𝑚 ∗ Ṽ𝑑𝑎 ∗ 𝑇
To compute for the volume of the drying chamber, we need first to determine the residence
time of the drying air needed to complete the drying. The residence time of the air is
calculated based on Mass Transfer Operations by Suryanarayana, Page 576:
𝑇 = 20√𝑥
Where:
T = residence time of drying air in seconds
x = initial moisture content

x = 0.32 (from material balance, p.215)

𝑇 = 20√0.32
𝑇 = 11.31 𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑻 ≈ 𝟏𝟐 𝒔𝒆𝒄
Computing for the volume of the chamber:
5,023 𝑘𝑔 1 ℎ𝑟 1.1587𝑚3
𝑉𝑇 = ∗ ∗ ∗ 12 𝑠𝑒𝑐
ℎ𝑟 3,600 𝑠 𝑘𝑔
𝑉𝑇 = 19.40 𝑚3
𝑽𝑻 ≈ 𝟐𝟎 𝒎𝟑
Use Volume of 20 m3.

d. Height of the Drying Chamber

The height of the drying chamber is determined by calculating the height of the cylindrical
and the conical section of the chamber. For the height of the cylindrical portion, we’ll be
using a ratio of H=2D:
𝐻𝑐𝑦𝑙 = 2𝐷𝑐
𝐻𝑐𝑦𝑙 = 2 ∗ 2 𝑚
𝑯𝒄𝒚𝒍 = 𝟒 𝒎

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For the height of the conical portion, the conical volume is first determined by subtracting
the chamber total volume to the volume of the cylindrical portion of the drying chamber
which is translated into this equation:
𝜋𝐷𝑐 2 𝐻𝑐𝑦𝑙
𝑉𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑒 = 𝑉𝑇 −
4
𝜋 ∗ (2 𝑚)2 ∗ 4 𝑚
𝑉𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑒 = 20 𝑚3 −
4
𝑽𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒆 = 𝟕. 𝟒𝟑 𝒎𝟑
The height of the conical portion is then computed using the equation:
3𝑉𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑒
𝐻𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑒 =
𝜋𝐷𝑐 2
3 ∗ 7.43 𝑚3
𝐻𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑒 =
𝜋 ∗ (2 𝑚)2
𝐻𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑒 = 1.77 𝑚
𝑯𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒆 ≈ 𝟐 𝒎
For the angle of the conical section (α):
𝛼 𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟
tan ( ) =
2 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
2
𝛼 𝑚
tan ( ) = 2
2 2𝑚
𝛼 = 53.130
The height of the drying chamber is:
𝐻𝑇 = 𝐻𝑐𝑦𝑙 + 𝐻𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑒
𝐻𝑇 = 4 𝑚 + 2 𝑚
𝑯𝑻 = 𝟔 𝒎
Height of the drying chamber is 6 m.

6. Wall Thickness
Wall thickness can be estimated using the formula:
𝐷𝑐 + 100
𝑡𝑚𝑖𝑛 =
1000

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3.2808 𝑓𝑡 12𝑖𝑛
(2 𝑚 ∗ 1𝑚 ∗ ) + 100
1𝑓𝑡
𝑡𝑚𝑖𝑛 =
1000
𝑡𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.18 𝑖𝑛 ≈ 4.54 𝑚𝑚
Use 4.6 mm thickness.

7. Insulation Thickness
From energy balance,
Q = 13,729.8 kJ/batch = 13,013.3 BTU/batch
The operating temperature of the steam at the boiler is 200°C and the temperature of the
surrounding is assumed to be at 25 °C,
ΔT = 175°C = 347°F
Using Equation 10.8 from page 294 Unit Operation of Chemical Engineering, 6th ed, by
McCabe, Smith, and Harriott,
𝑄 ∆𝑇
=𝑘
𝐴 𝑥
Arranging the equation,
∆𝑇
𝑄 = (2𝜋𝑟𝐿)𝑘
𝑥
Where x is the thickness of layer of insulation,
6.56𝑓𝑡 𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝐵𝑇𝑈 𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑐ℎ 3600 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2𝜋(19.69 𝑓𝑡) ( 2 ) (0.35 )(347)
𝑓𝑡 − ℎ𝑟 − 𝐹
13,013.3 𝑥 𝑥 =
𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑐ℎ 12 𝑠𝑒𝑐 1ℎ𝑟 𝑥
𝑥 = 0.013 𝑓𝑡 = 0.15 𝑖𝑛 = 3.9 𝑚𝑚
Use 4 mm insulation thickness.

8. Power Consumption of Rotary Atomizer

The power consumption of the atomizer is computed based on the feed rate of the solution
that is atomized, the rotational speed of the atomizer and the atomizer size in terms of
radius, which is expressed using this equation:
𝑃 = 1.02𝑥10−8 ∗ 𝐹 ∗ (𝑁 ∗ 𝑟𝑑 )2
Where:
F = Feed rate of solution in lb/min

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N = Rotational speed in rpm

rd= Radius of rotary atomizer in ft
P=power in hp
17.2 𝑙𝑏 20000 𝑟𝑒𝑣 0.3 𝑓𝑡 2
𝑃 = 1.02𝑥10−8 ∗ ∗( ∗ )
𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑖𝑛 2
𝑃 = 1.58 ℎ𝑝
𝑷 ≈ 𝟏. 𝟔 𝒉𝒑
The power requirement of the atomizer is 1.6 hp, use a standard 2 hp motor (Silla,
pg. 240).

9. Power Consumption of Centrifugal Fan

The power consumption of the centrifugal fan is computed using the mechanical-energy-
balance equation (Geankoplis, Pg. 150). This equation was used since it gives the power
consumption with respect to the pressure head, velocity head, and mass flowrate of the
drying air. To solve for the power consumption, we first assume that the flow is
incompressible. The average density of the flowing gas will be used in the mechanical-
energy-balance equation. The density at the suction of the fan (Point 1), is:
𝑘𝑔 𝑎𝑖𝑟 1 𝑘𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑙 273.2 741.7
𝜌1 = (29 )( )( )( )
𝑘𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑙 22.414 𝑚3 366 760
𝜌1 = 0.940 𝑘𝑔⁄𝑚3
The molecular weight of 29 for air, the volume of 22.414 m3/kg mol at 101.3 kPa, and
273.2 K were obtained from Appendix A.1. The other densities are:

𝜌2 = 0.867 𝑘𝑔⁄𝑚3 at 150℃

𝜌3 = 1.024 𝑘𝑔⁄𝑚3 at 81℃

Getting the average density:

0.940 + 0.867 + 1.024
𝜌𝑎𝑣 =
3
𝜌𝑎𝑣 = 0.944 𝑘𝑔⁄𝑚3
Since the centrifugal fan has a suction pressure of 741.7 mmHg and a pressure increase
of 3%, then the developed pressure head is:

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Chemical Engineering Department

𝑁⁄
𝑝2 − 𝑝1 [(1.012)(741.7) − 741.7]𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔 2 1
= (1.01325 × 105 𝑚 ) ( )
𝜌𝑎𝑣 760 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔⁄𝑎𝑡𝑚 𝑎𝑡𝑚 0.944 𝑘𝑔⁄𝑚3
𝑝2 − 𝑝1
= 1,257.02 𝐽⁄𝑘𝑔
𝜌𝑎𝑣
The developed velocity head for v1 = 0, and operating velocity of 1 m/s is:

𝑣22 (1)2
=
2 2
𝑣22
= 0.5 𝐽⁄𝑘𝑔
2
Writing the mechanical-energy-balance equation:
𝑣12 𝑝1 𝑣22 𝑝2
𝑧1 𝑔 + + − 𝑊𝑠 = 𝑧2 𝑔 + + + ∑𝐹
2 𝜌 2 𝜌
Setting z1=0, v1=0, and ∑F=0, and solving for Ws:
𝑝2 − 𝑝1 𝑣22
−𝑊𝑠 = + = 1,257.02 − 0.5 = 1,256.52 𝐽⁄𝑘𝑔
𝜌𝑎𝑣 2
Substituting into eq. 3.3-2 of Geankoplis, Pg. 145, and with an efficiency of 80% for the
fan, we compute for the brake kW:
−𝑊𝑠 𝑚
𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑘𝑊 =
𝜂 × 1000
(1,256.52 𝐽⁄𝑘𝑔) (1.40 𝑘𝑔⁄𝑠)
𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑘𝑊 =
0.8 × 1000
𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑘𝑊 = 1.57 𝑘𝑊
Solving now for the electric power input, using 90% efficiency of electric motor,
substituting into eq. 3.3-5 of Geankoplis, Pg. 145:

𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑘𝑊 7.33 𝑘𝑊
𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 (𝑘𝑊) = = = 1.75 𝑘𝑊 ≈ 2.34 ℎ𝑝
𝜂𝑒 0.90
The power requirement of the centrifugal fan is 2.34 hp, use a standard 2.5 hp
motor (Silla, pg. 240).

Acid Hydrolysis and Catalytic Condensation of Coconut Coir Dust Technical 13

for Diphenolic Acid Production Study
 Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
College of Engineering and Technology
Chemical Engineering Department

DESIGN SPECIFICATION

SPRAY DRYER DATA SHEET

Operating Data
Mode of Operation Batch
Number of Units 1
Total Drying Time 60 min/ batch
Compound Moist Diphenolic Acid
Inlet Temperature 130°C
Outlet Temperature 50°C
Feed Initial Moisture Content 32 % w/w
Final Moisture Content 10 % w/w
Final Particle Mean
100μm
Diameter
Inlet temperature 150°C
Outlet Temperature 80.9°C
Drying Air
Inlet Humidity 0.01 kg water/ kg d.a.
Outlet Humidity 0.0305 kg water/ kg d.a.
Technical Data
Atomizer
Proposed Existing
High speed centrifugal
Atomizer Type FS1.5 rotary atomizer
atomizer
Maximum Feed Rate 0.52 t/hr -
Rotational Speed 20,000 rpm 18,000 rpm
Diameter 90 mm 120mm
Drying Chamber
Capacity 7.8 kg/min -
Drying Air Requirement 5,023 kg d. a. /hr -
Operating Air Velocity 1.0 m/s -
Column Area 2 m2 -
Column Diameter 2m 3m
Column Total Volume 20 m3 -
Column Total Height 6m 3.2 m
Cylinder Height 4m -
Conical Bottom Height 2m -
Conical Bottom Angle 53.13O 55O
Wall Thickness 4.6 mm -
Miscellaneous
Insulation Type and -
Calcium silicate – 4 mm
Thickness
Power Requirement of
2 hp 2.95 hp
Atomizer
Power Requirement of
2.5 hp 2.1 hp
Centrifugal Fan

Acid Hydrolysis and Catalytic Condensation of Coconut Coir Dust Technical 14

for Diphenolic Acid Production Study
 Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
College of Engineering and Technology
Chemical Engineering Department

Materials of Construction Stainless Steel 304 Stainless Steel

Existing Equipment
Supplier TOPTION GROUP CO., LIMITED
5-21501 ROOM, Hecheng, Taibai South Road, Yanta
Supplier Address
District, Xi'an, China
Cost Php 3,200,000
Auxiliaries
Fan Centrifugal Fan
Dryer Exhaust Control Bag Filter
Air Heater Steam-heated Coils

Acid Hydrolysis and Catalytic Condensation of Coconut Coir Dust Technical 15

for Diphenolic Acid Production Study