Male Masseur1 EDITED

Lyceum of the Philippines University-Laguna
College of Arts and Sciences 1
“Extra Service: A Construct of Straight Male Masseur”
A Thesis Presented to
The Faculty of College of Arts and Sciences
Lyceum of the Philippines – Laguna
in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Psychology
By:
Montoya, Art Russel Ang
Zara, Francis Regis Macatangay

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1: Problem and Its Background
Introduction ………………………………………………………………………4
Statement of the Problem…………….………………………………….………6
Significance of the Study …………………………………………………………7
Limitation of the Study …………………………………………………..………8
Review of Related Literature …………………………...………………………..8
CHAPTER 2: Methodology
Research Design …………………………..…………………………………….22
Locale……………………………………...………………………….………….22
Respondents………..……………………………………………………………23
Methods of Data Collection……………………………..………………………23

Instruments……………………………..……………………………………….24
Methods of Analysis ………………..…………………………………………..24
Bibliography …………………………………………………………………… 47
Chapter I
Introduction
For the past few decades when people hear the word ‘masseuse’, people only
label them as women massage therapists. In our modern time, the word ‘masseuse’
does not only pertain to women but also men, commonly known as ‘masseurs’.
According to the study of all Allied Health schools, the first written records of massage
therapy are found in China and Egypt which ancient cultures believed in its medical
benefits back thousand years ago (Holistic Online, Massage-Wire.com, PlanetHerbs.com,
n.d).
Erotic massage has taken root in the Land of Rising Sun (lecheniebolezni, n.d). It
said that erotic massage has become the “Chinese Tao of Love” and “Indian Kamasutra”.
According to (gaymassage, 2011), erotic massages are not, however, a new thing. They
have been in society for quite a long time albeit carried out in a nature that was a little
more secretive. As far back as the 17th century, there existed a thing called ‘genital
massage’. This was performed on women by either a physician or a midwife. The

massage was performed as a standard means of treating what is commonly called
“female hysteria”.
For thousands of years, massage therapy has evolved and formed different kinds
of massage techniques that the modern masseuse/masseur uses (HO,M-W, 2013). One
of those massage techniques are called "erotic massages" or “sensuous massages”.
These kinds of massages allow a man to experience a whole new level of pleasure. One
example of these erotic massages is the “Lingam massage”. “Lingam” is an ancient
tantric term that means the “staff of life”. The term is also used to describe the male’s
sex organ or the “penis” (Jonti Searll, 2015). This certain massage usually focuses on the
male sexual organ. The beauty of the Lingam massage is that the pleasure is on both
sides: the giver and the receiver, and can be deeply emotional and healing. It creates a
space of sexual being rather than sexual doing. These massages are widely used by
massage therapists that give "extra service". These so-called services usually cost high
depending on the kind of service the clients want.
“Extra service” differs from prostitution but both of activities are called sex work.
Sex work is the provision of sexual services for money or goods (Cheryl Overs, 2002).
Some people classify extra services as part of prostitution, but the latter term is a direct
sexual service from one client to another that gives full sexual encounter, meaning, a
one-on-one sexual activity for a fee. Now, extra service from massage therapists differs
because they give sexual pleasure from massages. It will depend on the client whether
or not he wants to add sexual services.
The relationship between sex work and mental health among female workers
has long been established by studies on the number of women who have symptoms of
PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) and depression. Less researches have focused on
the mental health and behavior of male masseurs that give extra services because men
are seen as rational, agentic and entrepreneurial, and therefore less vulnerable to
emotional problems (Dennis, 2008; Marques, 2011).
The main focus of this research was to understand the perception of male
masseurs in the Philippines, especially when they give erotic massages. This research
aimed to discuss how giving erotic massages affected their ego as straight male
masseurs. In line with this, the researchers also made a full understanding about the
mental health of male masseurs who are being part of this sexual work.
Statement of the Problem
The researchers aimed to achieve the following objectives:
(1) To understand the reason why they engaged into this kind of job;
(2) To understand how and what male masseurs feel about their job and doing extra
services, and how this affects them;
(3) To know how they feel different from another regular male or not; and
(4) To identify how they perceived themselves given that they conduct sexual extra
services to homosexual clients.
Significance of the Study
The findings of this research have contributed for the benefit of students who
wanted to know about straight male masseurs giving extra services to homosexuals, and
for future researchers who want to conduct similar studies. The number of men having
mental health issues and are in a distressed psychological state justifies that this study is
beneficial to those who have a background on sex work, especially masseurs who deal
with homo sexual activities. In our modern society, there have been many studies about
women who have depressions and other different kinds of mental disorders inclined to
their job as sex workers compared to men in the same industry or job who are seldom
made as focus of studies, especially here in the Philippines. Thus, future researchers can
use this study as reference for their own researches. This study will help them uncover
critical areas in mental health issues of men, especially those who are involved in the
sexual massage industry.
Limitations of the Study
This is a very sensitive research where it has a lot of limitations. First is the place
where we need to find our respondents; even in local grounds, finding a straight male
masseur who gives extra service is not that easy. Second is money; in order to gain a
much better result and more research about this topic, the researchers need a lot of
time and funds, especially, for those who would like to make this a phenomenological
study. The study was conducted in Cavite, Laguna and Batangas. It is only probable to
conduct this study due to the availability of participants which showed that these three
cities have the most availability of masseurs who give “extra service” in CALABARZON.
The respondents were limited only to straight male masseurs who passed the Kinsey
Scale Test. The researchers had one participant for the three places where the study
was conducted.
Review of Related Literature
I. Foreign and Local Studies
The Bare Reality About Men and Massage Parlors
Massage treatment is frequently used to treat musculoskeletal manifestation

and to advance one’s well-being. While confirmation regarding its viability is expanding,
inquiries were made about the genuine practice and studies to identify whether the
components of back rub treatment are required. The reason for this exploration was to
portray the qualities of back rub advisors and their customers, and to comprehend the
part of correspondence in knead treatment results.
According to studies, barely any examinations have analyzed male customers

who pay for sex with male escorts. In 2012, customers finished an online review about
their latest contract. Most customers were White/Caucasian (87.7%), HIV negative
(89.5%), utilized full time (71.1%) and single (58.6%). Seventy-five percent of customers
were gay distinguished, 18% indiscriminate, and 4% hetero. The middle rate paid to
escorts was $250 every hour with a modular arrangement time of 1 to 2 hours (41.6%).
Oral sex was normal (80% gave, 69% got), 30% announced butt-centric assertive sex,
and 34% revealed butt-centric responsive sex. Altogether, a couple of 12% revealed
unprotected butt-centric sex.
Fulfillment with experiences was high. Open unprotected butt-centric

intercourse was related with more noteworthy fulfillment in bivariate examinations,
however, not in multi-variable investigations. In a multi-variable model, having open
butt-centric sex (regardless of whether ensured or not) and rating the money-related
cost of the experience as “justified, despite all the trouble” were fundamentally
connected with regards to customers of male sex laborers, and specifically gives data on
the attributes of men contracting other men for sexual administrations, behavioral
occasion level information about their experiences, and investigation of components
straightforwardly connected with customer fulfillment. Customers for massage parlors
who offer “extra service” are mostly gay people, because male masseur gives
satisfaction to gay people.
In accordance with some studies, participants have mixed feelings and
experience related to sex work, given their complex reasons for entering sex work in the
first place. Earning money was a significant and obvious reason even if attenuated by
other motives and factors, but relationship to money earned doing sex work is far from
straightforward. Some men reported that money earned in this way came and went
quickly. Moreover, sex workers do not always feel good about or take ownership of
the money they earn this way, so spending it on clothes, having a good time, etc., act as
strong antidotes or forms of self-pleasuring to mitigate any sense of debasement,
humiliation, shame or pain they might experience, (Minichiello, 2014). Sex workers may
also suffer negative emotional and mental effects, including “anxiety, depression,
paranoid ideation and post-traumatic stress disorder” (Gorry, Roen, & Reilly, 2010, p.
492). Moreover, sex work can damage self-esteem.
As one sex worker told interviewers, “It makes you feel horrible, it makes you
feel like you’re nothing. It knocks your confidence, it makes you feel like you’re just
gross” (as quoted in Gorry et al., 2010, p. 495). These feelings gradually become part of
the women’s identity, and are not easy to overcome, leaving them with the feeling that
they do not have the power to choose another way of earning a living.
As Ingabire et al. (2012, p. 1038) states, “sex work is associated with poor self-
esteem, suicide attempts, aggressive actions (such as self-harm) and depression, which
contribute, via ill health, to excess mortality.” Other dangers are more subtle. Sex
workers can face “social marginalization, discrimination and stigma” (Ingabire et al.,
2012, p. 1037). Sex workers who are victims of human trafficking suffer the same risks,
with the additional stress of not choosing to engage in their work and being under the
control of their usually-abusive captors. The researchers gave a question to the
participants whether they are gay or not and quoted their answer.
Male Masseurs Who Gives Extra Service: Illegal and Unlawful
Prostitution is unlawful in expansive urban communities in the USA; in any case,
male clients can consult with female sex specialists (FSWs)/masseuses for sexual
administrations at rub parlors. Business sex scenes at knead parlors in the USA are
recognized by the specialist organizations (generally Asian settler ladies from South
Korea, China, Vietnam, Thailand, and other Asian nations) and administration
conveyance frameworks which depend on private arrangements between Asian
masseuses and clients to trade cash for sexual administrations. Ordinarily, clients pay
rub expenses at rub parlor premises and go into a back rub room and arrange sexual
administrations. A well-being advancement for Asian masseuses in San Francisco was
executed in 2002.
The examination distinguished 23 "Asian" back rub parlors in downtown San
Francisco. In view of the pattern information gathered from 105 Asian masseuse
members, 11% and 19% of the members revealed having occupied with unprotected
vaginal and oral sex with clients amid the previous 30 days, separately. The subjective
examination demonstrated that Asian masseuses confront troublesome decisions over
condom use because of financial motivating forces to acquire additional cash through
not utilizing a condom, and also keeping associations with standard clients. What is
more, terrorizing, for example, dread of dangers and exploitation from knead parlor
chiefs and clients, has added to dangerous sexual practices among Asian masseuses.
Notwithstanding, little is thought about HIV-related hazard practices and the ecological
and psychological elements impacting the hazardous practices among male clients at
rub parlors in San Francisco and somewhere else in the USA, in spite of the way that
various "Asian" back rub parlors are working in all significant US urban communities.
In creating nations, especially in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia, FSWs are thought
to be a "scaffold" populace for HIV transmission to the all-inclusive community. This HIV
avoidance concentrated on FSWs and inspected male clients' condom utilization and
other hazard practices and factors, for example, STI predominance, HIV testing,
substance utilized, HIV learning, weakness toward HIV contaminations and announcing
different sex accomplices. Male clients' conflicting condom use was related with
negative states of mind toward female sex specialists and condom utilization, bring
down levels of instruction, AIDS learning, and self-viability, more youthful age, and being
a standard client and continuous client of sexual administrations.
A large portion of these examinations exploring HIV-related dangers among male
clients have been directed outside of the USA, in spite of the substantial number of men
that compensation for sex with FSWs who chip away at the road, at rub parlors,
bars/clubs, and strip joints and through escort or dating administrations by telephone or
the Internet. An investigation directed in Atlanta, Georgia, uncovered that male clients
who paid for sex with road female sex laborers were every now and again saw to have a
background marked by break utilization (23%) and infusion sedate utilization (11%) and
to be contaminated with HIV (3%), Syphilis (10%), and Hepatitis B (25%). FSWs working
at houses of ill-repute in Nevada were probably going to report that male clients were
frequently unwilling to utilize condoms, despite the fact that clients knew about the
compulsory condom utilization law in Nevada.
The greater part of the sex specialists in this investigation detailed having had no
less than one client who opposed utilizing a condom in the earlier month. There is an
enormous hole in HIV avoidance writing with regards to HIV-related hazard practices
and the socio-cultural settings of taking part in sex with Asian FSWs at rub parlors in the
USA.
This investigation expected to depict HIV-related hazard practices, concentrating on
unprotected sex with Asian masseuses and sex affected by liquor and unlawful
medications among clients who frequented rub parlors. The examination likewise meant
to comprehend in what ways the accompanying components impacted clients'
hazardous sexual practices: (1) view of hazard for HIV/STIs, (2) mentalities toward Asian
back rub parlors and masseuses, (3) impression of principles and directions of condom
use at rub parlors, and (4) impression of control over safe sex arrangement with Asian
masseuses. The examination gave reasonable recommendations to future HIV/STI
avoidance projects and open strategy changes for advancing well-being for both Asian
masseuses and their clients.
Sexy Massage: The Boys of Bora Spa
I have been aching to encounter the exotic touch of a male masseur stroking my
whole kid inside a private room. I heard numerous great and awful things about some
normal back rub parlor here in Quezon City and additionally read a few surveys in the
internet. I was not intrigued about it before until the point that I watched the film
Masahista which starrred Coco Martin and Allan Paule at our Film Center.
Sex Workers
In our modern time, few researches involving about the mental health of sex
workers are conducted that leave questions why these people do such kinds of acts and
how these affect their minds. We defined sex workers as people who give direct or
indirect sexual services to a certain person that usually cost high. According to some
researches, the term “sex worker” refers to adults (19 years and older) who exchange
sexual services for money which necessarily, but not exclusively, includes direct physical
sexual contact with clients. Thus, sex workers are adults who earn at least part of their
income through the sale of direct sexual contact. Included in this term are those who
engage in outdoor street-level sex work (Benoit&Shumka, 2015).
In some researches, they showed factors why these kind of people are engaged in
these kinds of jobs. Since this paper was for male sex workers or specifically male
masseurs, the researchers only chose the factors that correlates with the study. One
factor is age as some younger men find it increasingly difficult to find girlfriends and
wives in today’s society, because there are fewer social opportunities to meet women
due to an increasing emphasis on on-line social interaction, and some older men find
that conventional relationships are unable to satisfy all their sexual and emotional needs
and that it is a “myth” that “marriage is a means of personal fulfillment (Koch, 2011).
Our study aims to understand the mental state of these sex workers specifically
the male gender. Now, we cited some facts that male sex workers have less research in
terms of their mental state because majority of research among sex workers are focused
on male. We want to cite more articles about straight male masseurs but with the lack
of articles that we found we related other sources informing about sex workers from
other articles, a research about sex work on mental health said that sex workers have
more mental health problems than the general population. Some believe that it is their
mental health problems that got them into sex work in the first place, while others
contend it is the nature of the job—from social stigma, to legal and health risks, to
exposure to violence and abuse—that causes their mental health to suffer (Vrangalova,
2014). In another article,there are stigmas that cause the mental health of these
workers. One of those stigmas is the anxiety and fear of being discovered as a sex
worker which can be emotionally taxing. This is especially true when one considers that
the vigilance required to keep one’s occupation a secret is constant, often enduring for
years after a person has exited the sex industry (Koken, 2012). Leading a “double life”
can lead to social isolation and fewer social supports. Social isolation from friends,
family, and the community can lead to loneliness and depression. The barriers to
disclosing one’s occupation may negatively impact the health and other social services a
sex worker receives (Koken, 2012). While the stigma many sex workers encounter can
make it challenging to maintain a healthy sense of self-worth, others take considerable

pride in being found desirable and/or financially compensated for their sexual services
(POWER, 2012). Mental health is strongly influenced by environmental factors and social
circumstances including stigmatization. Thus, sex workers are particularly vulnerable to
mental health problems. That may complicate prevention, treatment, and continuing
care.Many surveys and observational studies about sex workers report depression, self-
harm or suicide, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (Machtinger, 2012).
We all know that sex work is present in different countries of the world and as
time passes, circumstances change, creating a new way for the worker and their client.
Men who sell sex to men are a diverse population across countries (SD Baral, 2014). In
other countries in western, a shifted subculture of male sex worker to male having paid
for sexual contact that they have encountered via internet (MacPhail C, 2015).
In some countries, men who have sex with men (MSM) in exchange for money or
goods (herein, male sex workers, or MSW) are highly stigmatized and are at high risk of
HIV infection. In general, while surveillance data do not exist by risk group, research
suggests that MSM in Vietnam are disproportionately affected by HIV compared to the
general population (Vian T, 2012), and that risk may be increasing rapidly. Specifically,
data suggest a more than doubling of HIV prevalence among MSM in both Hanoi and Ho
Chi Minh City (HCMC) from 2006 to 2009 (from 9 and 5 %, respectively, to 20 and 14 %,
respectively) (Garcia MC,2012)(Nguyen,2011). Moreover, studies utilizing convenience

samples indicate that anywhere between 20 and 40 % of MSM report transactional sex
(Colby DJ,2011)
According to Stefan David Baral who wrote “Male sex workers: practices, contexts,
and vulnerabilities for HIV acquisition and transmission”, there are growing evidence or
increasing case of HIV in some male sex worker within the globe. According to this
study, it also says that in 2013, 27 of 192 countries reported data from UN General
Assembly Special Session (GASS) for HIV prevalence among male sex workers, obtained
between 2009 and 2013 (Geneva, 2013).
The Massage With a Happy Ending
This spa promised a happy ending to its male guests which probably explained why
the staff readily attended to my male companion and were a bit stumped as to what to
do with me. The shorts and hip-length kimono outfit was the primary sign that there
was some fact to the noise about this place not being your ordinary spa.
This spa guaranteed a cheerful completion of its male visitors, which most likely
clarified why the staff promptly took care of my male partner and were a bit befuddled
concerning what to do with me.

An orderly had promptly rushed off my male sidekick, while I was left sitting tight in
the gathering region for near 15 minutes before I advised them that I was there for a
back rub, as well.
Of spas and 'spakols'
"Spakol yun," Dong*, a well-being laborer, let me know.
Spakol is the portmanteau for "spa" and "jakol," the Tagalog slang for "jacking off."
Its facade and signage disclose to you that it is a spa foundation, and a snappy
sweep of its insides will not reveal to you generally.
In any case, as it has been said, the overlooked details are the main problem -, for
example, the shorts and hip-length kimono worn by the specialists, a far take-off from
the regalia that nearly take after doctor's facility scours worn by advisors in different
spas.
"The outfits would have been your first sign. Syempre, kailangan ganun ang suot
nila sa serbisyo na yun." (obviously what they are wearing needs to run with the
administration they are putting forth.)
That service is either a hand job or a blowjob—a happy ending to complete the
rubdown of a massage.
As a health worker, Dong and his team would go around these spakols to
conduct lessons on condom use, STI prevention and yes, even how to use lubricant to
do a hand job effectively and quickly.
That service is either a hand job or a blow job—a happy ending to complete the
rubdown of a massage.
Dong has pretty much seen it all, like the usually pretty young attendants --
another spakol indicator. “Syempre dapat magaganda para bumalik ang mga guests.
Minsan nga dun sa mga 'totoong spa' yun hindi magaganda, eh.” (Of course, they have
to be pretty so the guests will go back. It’s in the real spas where you will find the not-
so-pretty girls.)
Reviewed, Certified, Advertised

Massage attendants with above average look are also a marketing strategy to
fuel word-of-mouth marketing or in this case, virtual word of mouth marketing.
On a popular online website known for forums on all sorts of adult
entertainment, spakols are rated and reviewed and the attendants given a field report
based on their looks and performance.
A quick check of the website showed the exchange between former guests who
share feedback and reviews of the services they receive like BBBJ (Bare Back Blow Job
for oral sex without a condom) and other disclaimers like YMMV for Your Mileage Will
Vary meaning the ‘time spent with you will depend on, apart from other things, your
longevity’.
Chapter II
Methodology
Research Design
The research is designed as a qualitative case study. The researchers composed an
interview questionnaire that helped them gather information about male masseurs. The
researchers studied and understood the deeper the construct of male masseur who
performs sexual extra services on homosexual male. This method provided tools for
researchers to study complex phenomena within their contexts.
Locale
This study will be based on private straight male masseur specifically who gives
extra service selected on the provinces of Cavite, Laguna and Batangas. The researchers
chose Cavite, Batangas and Laguna as the locael of the study because of theavailability
of Male Masseur who provides extra services on the whole CALBARZON area.
Participants
This study was conducted in a private area for the main participants. The
respondents of the study were certified straight male masseurs who give extra services
to straight male or homosexual clients. In particular, the participants of this study were
straight male massage therapists that work at a spa or work independently. The
researchers used different types of interviews that allowed them to gather the
necessary data needed for the study.
Methods of Data Collection
Participants had undergone an in-depth interview. The in-depth interview provided
researchers the necessary data they needed. In-depth interview is a qualitative method
of analysis which proceeds as a confidential and secured conversation between an
interviewer and respondent. The researchers conducted a “Key informant interviews”,

an interview conducted with key individuals within the community, schools, etc. Key
Informant Interviews provide project staff with detailed, qualitative information about
impressions, experiences and opinions. Participant observation was an optional method
the researchers used. Participant observation is one type of data collection method
typically used in qualitative research. It is a widely used methodology in many
disciplines, particularly cultural anthropology and ethnology, less so in sociology,
communication studies, human geography and social psychology.
Instruments
The key instruments in this research were the different types of interviews such as
in-depth interview and key informant interviews. Participant observation was also a
part of the tools used.
Method of Data Analysis
The researchers used narrative research, a term that subsumes a group of
approaches that in turn rely on the written or spoken words or visual representation of
individuals. These approaches typically focus on the lives of individuals as told through
their own stories. The emphasis in such approaches is on the story, typically both what
and how is narrated. Narrative methods can be considered “real world measures” that
are appropriate when “real life problems” are investigated. In a basic linear approach,
they encompass the study of the experiences of a single individual embracing stories of
the life and exploring the learned significance of those individual experiences.Thematic
analysis is one of the most common forms of analysis in qualitative research.It
emphasizes pinpointing, examining, and recording patterns within data.Themes are
patterns across data sets that are important to the description of a phenomenon and
are associated to a specific research question. The themes become the categories for
analysis. Thematic analysis is performed through the process of coding in six phases to
create established, meaningful patterns. These phases are: familiarization with data,
generating initial codes, searching for themes among codes, reviewing themes, defining
and naming themes, and producing the final report.

Chapter III
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter presents the results, discussion and analysis of the data which the
researchers gathered by focusing on the key participants’ and key informants’ responses
to the interview guide questions based on this study’s objectives. The results and
discussion would help the researchers in drawing the best conclusions.
1. Profile of the Key Participants
NEIL
“The Industrious Token-Hunter”
Neil is a High School graduate in the province of Cavite. He is single and 19 years
old. He grew up in a broken family. Due to instances such as lack of financial support,
Neil decided to pursue his current job. He first started training to become a masseur on
February 25, 2017. He is still currently working at a massage parlor in Tagaytay City. Up
to this date, he is still currently employed and still gives extra services to homosexual
customers.
PATRICK
“The Reluctant Weaver”
Charles is 23 years old, A male masseur who was influenced by the industry of
extra services due to poverty. He started training to become a masseur when he was
still 20 years old. At present, he is a freelancer and an experienced masseur. Being a
masseur had an impact to his social life, he lacks time for his friends because of his
work. He prioritizes his work because of money he is earning. As a freelance masseur, he
also went through struggles during his first few days as a masseur. Patrick encountered
clients who are too aggressive which basically makes him question his worth.
HARRISON
“The Edge Breaker”

Harrison is a 25-year-old male masseur who has a youthful personality, Harrison Formatted: Indent: Left: 0", Tab stops: 0.5", Left + 1",
Left + 3.12", Left
did not graduate from college. He provides extra service but does not like his job, but he
is still content with the pay. Harrison left his stable job as a call center agent to be a
permanent masseur. Harrison had an experience giving extra service to female
customers. This is his first experience as a male masseur. For Harrison, being a male
masseur has an effect to one’s self esteem especially when other people judge you and
the nature of your work, but, for Harrison, his mind-set was to be able to support his
needs and his family’s needs.

MATRIX 1
2. Reasons Why Male Masseurs Accepted This Kind of Work
Being male masseurs for some is automatically engaged into the so called “extra Formatted: Indent: First line: 0.5"
service”. Extra Service is somehow an act of offering sex as an additional pay. It gives
the customer’s satisfaction after the process of massage. Extra Service became a “trend”
to male individuals because of the influence by a friend or someone who has
experienced it. Male masseurs usually earn double or triple of the payment when they
do an “Extra Service”. For Neil, his brother introduced this kind of job, working as a
masseur gave him the opportunity to start and earn money to support his needs. Similar
with Patrick’s case, an acquaintance introduced him to this job, he was stunned because
of the income his friend gets as a masseur. While Harrison, a gay friend who works in
the call center introduced him this job. Harrison’s friend also told him that there is a
high pay in becoming a masseur. Formatted: Font: (Intl) Calibri
Poverty Leads to Sexual Work

The participants grew up in a broken family like Neil. His mom and dad are
separated, while Patrick’s mother died early, what they both have is that they were
unsupervised by their parents because they both became too busy with their work and
their vices to quote what our respondents said.
Neil: Hmm. Broken family po kami
Patrick: Uhmm.. Hindi siya okay kasi lumaki akong walang nanay,
namatay mother ko noong 4yrs old tapos si papa naman ay construction worker
tapos mabisyo sya. Malakas mag-inom, mag sugal ganon. Ahh 23 years old na
ako, ka bibirthday ko lang nitong May 3
The researchers consider that poverty is one of the major reasons why some
people choose and consider to work on sexual services for easy access of money.
According to Allan N.Schwartz (2011), there are many reasons for a person doing sex
work is that they attract large amount of money that they can earn while they are still
young in order for them to secure their future.
The researchers believe that poverty is a factor why some male masseurs pursue
and performs extra service, but not all male masseurs are from poverty, some may also
come from personal interest or has higher sexual interest with partner the same gender
they have.
In this part of the discussion, which is principally the cue and the preliminary
questions for the main objective of the study mixed-sentiments were given by the
respondents. Other respondents involved another person as an influencer on what they
befitted now (being a masseur), the other stated that it was a hobby to do. Since most
of the respondents are jobless, they all decided in abiding to be a masseur, they do
know what a masseur is and has an idea about it.
Influence to One’s Life
The impacts of social stratification on life shots contended that life chances are
opening and conceivable outcomes that make up one's way of life. Life chances
are influenced by various components. Some of which include pay, social class, and
word related renown. Basically, it is an impact or the ability to decisively
affect somebody or something. On the off chance that somebody influences
another person, they are changing a man or thing in an indirect however vital
way. It is a craft of impact or influence is an effective and essential device in
authoritative life. Appallingly better is utilizing it adequately to complete
assignments and accomplish objectives effectively. Maximizing the field of influence
is an intense scheme in guaranteeing one's affluence inside the association.

Being Jobless and Its Negative Effect
Joblessness, particularly unending joblessness, influences the jobless in routes other

than their wallets. It influences their future capacity to discover work, their mental
prosperity, and other endless consequences. No one, regardless of whether they are
jobless or not, is resistant to the expansive impacts and enduring results of joblessness.
Being jobless, a “tambay” as per what others call it, has really an effect to daily living,
being jobless sometimes causes low career.
Influence of Others
Influence, is an art. It is the ability to affect individuals or things, or a man or thing that
can do. Likewise, being jobless that turned out to being employed by an influence is
fundamentally evidence that influence is a powerful tool.
As being explained on the specified above, this inquiry justifies the influence and
influencer to the respondents. The questions were given after permission has been
asked. The respondents clearly stated that there are really influencers that encourage
them to their current job. One respondent specified that it was his brother who
encouraged him to be a masseur. While the others did not identify who the influencer is
or what is the reason why they became a masseur.

Blood by blood: A Family Member Who Introduces Work
It is usual for a family member to encourage someone to grab offers same to Formatted: Font: 12 pt
what they are doing. Some call it as a benefit, and some call it as an opening. Putting
someone in the same shoes as yours is acceptable; there is nothing to be worried about.
But for some cases like this study, being influenced by a family member has a different
story behind.
The way relatives identifies with each other and work together as a social
gathering can shape his confidence, socialization, and social character.
As being discussed, explicit questions were thrown on this part, particularly to
those respondents who are transparent in answering the questions. Different
sentiments were told and revealed. Some of the respondents answered with just a
minimal statement. In which, the interviewers can feel awkwardness at some point.
Mostly, the answer for this portion is linked to male clients.
In this portion, the respondents were asked about “extra service” if they experienced it
already. The first respondent replied that he was able to experience it, once. The other
one answered it straight to the point that he was able to give an extra service many
times. Respondent number (3) agreed and stated that it was not only for male whom he
gave an extra service but also for gays.
Extra Service: Male Masseurs
There are lot definitions of Extra Service, but with the massage industry, spa industry,
“Extra service” is more likely engaged to sensual act. An extra service is an act of offering flesh
to the clients which is strictly prohibited and unlawful, especially in the Philippines.A massage
therapist says a client asking for sexual favors happens more often than you would think.
Interpretation:
In this portion, the interviewers asked the respondents on their “first-time
experience” as male masseur who gives an extra service to their clients. For the first
respondent, he did not give much detail out of his experience.
Experiences: Domino Effects
One of the effects of “extra service in male masseurs” is the increasing record of HIV
and AIDS cases. The manifestations of the lady cannot be seen by examining one's
appearance. Tragically in our general public, where shame on the ailment is as yet solid,
just by somebody's exposure would it be able to be known. It can prowl on us in the
event that we are not being watchful. On the off-chance that we do not ensure
ourselves, there is an extraordinary possibility that we will be contaminated. In the
event that we do not utilize our insight amid experiences wherein it is conceivable that
HIV can be transmitted, we are inclined to getting it.
Why does a person who has this kind of job still pursue his work? Well basically, Formatted: Font: 12 pt
it is Formatted: Font: 12 pt
because of poverty; poverty is always present when it comes to living. Particularly for Formatted: Indent: First line: 0"
those
people who are not capable to fund their needs.
There are different measures of poverty and it is becoming the reason for people Formatted: Indent: First line: 0.5"
to do
something unauthorized. According to research, people who are in need and incapable
of
providing basic needs for living, sticks to illicit and filthy job, not because they want to,
but
because they have to. They have to assent and be willing on this benevolent labor for
them to
be able to satisfy their necessities.
SUB THEMES
Poverty Leads to Sexual Work
According to PSA (Philippine Statistic Authority,) five of nine basic sectors have
higher poverty incidence than the general population. Among the nine basic sectors,
farmers, fishermen and children belonging to families with income below official
poverty threshold or poor families posted highest poverty incidences in 2015. Our
research participants all undergo poverty during their childhood. According to the
behavioral perspective, all human behavior can be described in terms of environmental
influences. Some behaviorists, such as John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner, insisted that
learning occurs purely through processes of association and reinforcement.

In accordance to a journal article, poverty is the real force that drives a person to
seek opportunities in desperation. Lack of personal resources leads more people, both
young and old, to seek opportunities they would never consider before if their needs
were being met. Generational cycles of poverty can hide behind white picket fences as
huge debt loads that are not sustainable for the debt-to-income ratio continue to exist.
This can happen regardless of a person’s childhood experiences. Falling into the trap of
“something being better than nothing,” our society pitches any opportunity as a good
thing for individuals and families stuck in poverty. To make more money, some people
choose to enter the sex industry. Others encounter an individual who seeks to profit
from their vulnerability (WWN, 2016).
According to research conducted by the Sex Worker Education and Advocacy
Taskforce (SWEAT), a Cape Town organization providing health education to sex
workers, a “profile” of sex workers does not exist as a wide range of people enter the
profession. It is said in this journal article that people enter the profession for various
reasons, the most common being unemployment or a desire to improve their income.
Sex work can be a lucrative business but prices vary enormously. A survey of 200 sex
workers in 2005 indicated that some earned a minimum of R80 per day, while others
earned a daily income of R1 700 ( Health 24, 2016).

Money Above Self-Worth
According to research participants, one of the very main reasons why they
conduct extra service is for the income they trade their masculinity as a man to sexual
services to homosexual clients. One researcher said that male sex worker does what
they do for the purpose of large incomes. They do not only get income from their
service but from the tips from the performance and service that they give (Yifeng, 2017).
Male masseurs explore the industry where they perform extra services to homo sexual
clients.
The effects of their mental thinking can be affected on how their service was
performed. Some of word that they quoted when they were asked about how their first
experience was.
Perception Towards Self: Money
The social stigma that we have in our local country is that when we have
intercourse or have any kind of physical relationship with a homosexual person, it gives
meaning that you are also a homosexual person. But this is in contrary according to the
participants when the researchers asked them how they would classify themselves now
that they had intercourse with a homosexual.
Studies repeatedly find a number of men who classify themselves as straight or
heterosexual in spite of engagement in sexual contact with other males. A 2006

study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine, the largest of its kind to that
date, found discordance between self-reported sexual behavior and self-
reported sexual identity and that many men who had sex with other men did not
necessarily identify as gay.
According to Neal Lyons, it would seem that there is no doubt about the biggest
challenge faced by prospective male massage therapist is fear, sexuality, and Formatted: Indent: First line: 0"
masculinity. For many men, having a male massage therapist work on them in
any capacity, much less working on their buttocks area for example, is
unthinkable.
There seems to be quite a lot of homophobia in this regard. The thought of
having another man rub their body makes many men cringe with fear and Formatted: Indent: First line: 0"
disgust. These men are afraid that should anyone find out that they were worked
on by another man, they will be perceived as gay when they are not.
On the other side of it, male clients may have a tendency to be afraid that a male
massage therapist himself is gay, even if he is not. While this could be true in Formatted: Indent: First line: 0"
some cases, the sexual orientation of the massage therapist should not be an
issue. Aside from the courses one takes in massage school as it relates to
anatomy, physiology, and application of massage techniques, students in these
schools are also required to take courses on ethics and professionalism.
This is an integral part of any valid curriculum. Thus, even if a male massage
therapist is gay, male clients should not be afraid to be treated by another male, Formatted: Indent: First line: 0"
as the therapist is trained to remain professional at all times, and his only desire
is to perform the art for which he has been trained in order to help people.
Clients who are willing to be worked on by male therapists still may experience
some discomfort because usually the clothing is removed although private areas Formatted: Indent: First line: 0"
are covered. These clients may still agree to be worked on, but may not be
comfortable removing their clothing.
While it is entirely up to the client how much clothing is removed, skin to skin
contact is the optimal situation in order to receive the most benefit from Formatted: Indent: First line: 0"
massage therapy. While society has evolved in many ways in recent years, these
perceptions in the massage industry still have a strong resonance.
The sequence of events that leads to sex work is common, and so are its hazards.
Sex work, voluntary or otherwise, has always been a risky occupation, with the Formatted: Indent: First line: 0"
potential for violence, drug addiction, arrest, incarceration, and infection with
disease. The obvious risks include sexually transmitted diseases (including
HIV/AIDS), rape, and physical abuse.
Pursuing a work is hard especially when the nature of your work is illegal, but
with the response of the interviewees, there is basically one an answer to this Formatted: Indent: First line: 0"
query, MONEY. Money is important and very essential to daily living, which is
why being a male masseur who gives an extra service is worth pursuing because
it compromises a benefit for individuals who are incapable of producing large
amount of money entering to work, it is essential to comply and enjoy your job.
It should be a fulfillment and an honor for you, besides money, being good in
terms of enjoying the nature of your work is a must. That is why the response of
the participants was positive.
Occupation fulfillment or representative fulfillment has been characterized in a
wide range of ways. Some trust it is basically how content an individual is with Formatted: Indent: First line: 0"
his or her activity, at the end of the day, regardless of whether they like the
activity or individual viewpoints or features of occupations, for example, nature
of work or supervision
INTERVIEWER: Sir pwede po bang malaman ko kung ano yung unang experience
nyo at sa ngayong experience na nag pa extra service kayo? Sir one thing din po anong
mga extra service po ba ang ginagawa nyo?
PARTICIPANT(Patrick): Unang experience sa extra service (thinks) ano, sobrang
hirap kasi yung kliyente ko ng mga oras na medyo aggressive e gusto nya makipag-sex e
hindi ko kaya yung mga ganon trabaho kasi nga baguhan ako noong mga panahong
‘yon ang offer ko lang lagi ay yung tinatawag naming lingam massage, yung titi lang po
ang minamassage pero sa ngayon naman po hindi na ganong kahirap kasi nga medyo
matagal na ako sa larangan na ito e at medyo nagagamay ko na din ang mga kliyente
ko.
INTERVIEWER: Eh sir pano po yung unang niyong experience sa pag bigay nung
sa lingam massage?
PARTICIPANT(Patrick): Syempre ang hirap nun nung una at hindi ko pa naman
na eexperience humawak ng ibang ari nun eh, sobrang mapapaisip ka talaga kung
dapat mo ba talaga gawin to o hinde pero dahil nga sa kahirapan at pangangailangan
sa pera eh kinain ko na lang ang nararamdaman ko at tinuloy ko na lang kahit ang sama
sa pakiramdam.
INTERVIEWER 2: Ano po yung feeling at first experience nyo ng nagbigay kayo ng
extra service at kaibahan sa ngayon?
PARTICIPANT(Harrison): Ang unang experience ko ay babae, okay naman pag
dating sa babae pero sa lalaki? (thinks) Sobrang hirap kasi hindi ako sanay ng magbigay
ng ganong klaseng serbisyo sa kapwa lalaki ko pa. Hindi madali ito para sakin sobrang
hirap. Kaibahan sa ngayon sa pag exextra service ba yan sa lalaki.
Of course with the outcome of the interview, all of them did not like their job at
first because it can affect their masculinity in a way that they will have the mindset of
having sexual intercourse with gay people. Through time, they forget how bad it makes
them feel handling and giving extra services to homosexual people.

INTERVIEWER: In anyway pa, anong tingin mo sa sarili mo
Neil: Ganito na ako, masseur na ako.
INTERVIEWER: I mean yung.
Neil: Tanggap ko na kung anong sasabihin nila
INTERVIEWER: Pero alam mo sa sarili mo na lalaki ka
Neil: Sabi nila pag pumatol ka sa bakla, bakla kana din
Neil: Pera na ang labanan
PATRICK: Alam ko naman na hindi ko mababago ang pag tingin nila sa saliang
yon pero alam ko sa sarili ko na isa parin akong lalaki ginagawa ko lang talaga ang
mga bagay na iyon para lang sa pera at sa ikagaganda at ikabubuti ng buhay ko.
Homosexuality is the condition of experiencing physical, emotional and sexual
attraction to members of one's own gender. Commonly known as "gay" (applied to
either male or female) or "lesbian" (females only), it is both a mindset and a lifestyle
that is becoming increasingly prominent and recognized in society. With that ,
homosexuality is not a universally accepted lifestyle (there is still a great deal of
intolerance), personal acknowledgment of this type of attraction, as well as the open
adoption of the gay/lesbian lifestyle can cause difficulties with family and friends, as
well as society at large and according to the participants, they would not consider
themselves as “Homosexual”. A study about sexual orientation talked about men who
engage sexual intercourse with homosexual person.
According to the study, examining sexual orientation research concluded that
many studies ask subjects to merely describe their sexual behaviors during the past
year. As such, if a bisexual male is in a monogamous relationship during that time with a
same-sex partner, he is identified as a gay man. If he is with an opposite sex partner, he
is identified as heterosexual. Regardless, he calls himself a bisexual, an identity that will
not be captured in studies relying strictly on sexual behavior to identify orientation. The
uncontested exemplar however of the complex interactions among attraction, behavior,
and identity remains “straight men who have sex with other men.” (SMSM).
CHAPTER IV
Conclusion and Recommendation
This chapter presents the conclusion drawn from the study as well as
recommendations.
Conclusion
Based on the results, below are the conclusions drawn:
Male masseur who engages on “extra service” views their job as an opportunity
to get higher income besides white collar jobs. The participants that the researchers
interviewed all went through poverty other than that they two of the participants have
a broken family leading to unsupervised child development that exposed them to
uncanny and open environment not suitable at their young age.
Most of the participants who were interviewed are all performing “Extra
Services” for the benefit of a higher income, One of the participants who is already five
(5) years of being a masseur does not really like his job but because of the payload of
the job, he continues to perform extra service. As discussed earlier, they aim for a better
payload to get themselves out from poverty.
The researchers were able to interview one participant who loves his job as male
masseur and has the passion to performing massage techniques but unfortunately he
was not qualified as one of our participants because he was bisexual.
The researchers wanted to know how their job affects their mind and
masculinity. All of the participants were not interested on giving “extra service” because
as a straight male, it is really unnatural for another male to touch another male
genitalia, but as time goes by with them, they were getting used to their job. During
their first time moments they have mixed emotions that they felt. One was terrified.
Another was is used to be with homosexual people. At present, they still do not like the
job they do but their key motivator is to gain large amount of income to help
themselves and their family to get through out of poverty and this is their coping
mechanism to forget and continue to what they do and perform extra service . As the
study goes, the participants never saw themselves as homosexuals but they ignore the
judgement of the society, having their let them think what they think of us but this is
just another job for a large amount of money.”
Recommendation
The researchers recommend this study to the male masseurs to be aware on the
consequences or outcome of their job to their health and welfare. Male masseurs must
be aware on the possible outcome of their selected job.
The researchers recommend this study to the male masseurs who are capable in
giving extra service to weigh the positive and negative effects of their job and also to the
authorities to investigate this kind of set-up so that it will help them understand
knowledge the nature of their work.
The researchers recommend this study to the establishment spa owners to
develop proper working etiquette within the vicinity to avoid conflict within the workers
and the clients.

According to the results of the given data, all of the respondents have the same
reason in choosing their work. The researchers recommend this study to the future
researchers for them to explore and gather more participants for a larger scope of study
and determine other case -related incidents.
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References
 https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/strictly-casual/201410/do-sex-workers-
have-more-mental-health-problems
 Aggleton P (ed.), Men who Sell Sex: International Perspectives on Male Prostitution
and HIV/AIDS, London, 201
 Baral SD, Friedman MR, Geibel S, Rebe K, Bozhinov B, Diouf D, et al. Male sex
workers: practices, contexts, and vulnerabilities for HIV acquisition and
transmission. Lancet. 2015;385(9964):260–73.
 Colby DJ. HIV knowledge and risk factors among men who have sex with men in Ho
Chi Minh City, Vietnam. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2003;32:80–
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Cult Health Sex. 2015;17(4):483–95.
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Related Stigma. Sexuality and Culture, 16: 209-229.
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inHIV-positive women: a meta-analysis. AIDS Behav 2012;16:2091-100.
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2011. The mental health of female sex workers. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 122: 143–152
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trafficking-maritza-levy
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quiz.html
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Lyceum of the Philippines University-Laguna

College of Arts and Sciences 1

“Extra Service: A Construct of Straight Male Masseur”

The Faculty of College of Arts and Sciences

Lyceum of the Philippines – Laguna

in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Psychology

Montoya, Art Russel Ang

Zara, Francis Regis Macatangay

College of Arts and Sciences 2

CHAPTER 1: Problem and Its Background

Statement of the Problem…………….………………………………….………6

Significance of the Study …………………………………………………………7

Limitation of the Study …………………………………………………..………8

Review of Related Literature …………………………...………………………..8

Research Design …………………………..…………………………………….22

Methods of Data Collection……………………………..………………………23

College of Arts and Sciences 3

Methods of Analysis ………………..…………………………………………..24

College of Arts and Sciences 4

benefits back thousand years ago (Holistic Online, Massage-Wire.com, PlanetHerbs.com,

massage’. This was performed on women by either a physician or a midwife. The

College of Arts and Sciences 5

massage was performed as a standard means of treating what is commonly called

of those massage techniques are called "erotic massages" or “sensuous massages”.

example of these erotic massages is the “Lingam massage”. “Lingam” is an ancient

depending on the kind of service the clients want.

College of Arts and Sciences 6

or not he wants to add sexual services.

emotional problems (Dennis, 2008; Marques, 2011).

Statement of the Problem

The researchers aimed to achieve the following objectives:

College of Arts and Sciences 7

services, and how this affects them;

services to homosexual clients.

Significance of the Study

College of Arts and Sciences 8

sexual massage industry.

Limitations of the Study

College of Arts and Sciences 9

Review of Related Literature

I. Foreign and Local Studies

The Bare Reality About Men and Massage Parlors

Massage treatment is frequently used to treat musculoskeletal manifestation

According to studies, barely any examinations have analyzed male customers

Fulfillment with experiences was high. Open unprotected butt-centric

College of Arts and Sciences 10

In accordance with some studies, participants have mixed feelings and

strong antidotes or forms of self-pleasuring to mitigate any sense of debasement,

492). Moreover, sex work can damage self-esteem.

College of Arts and Sciences 11

control of their usually-abusive captors. The researchers gave a question to the

Male Masseurs Who Gives Extra Service: Illegal and Unlawful

Prostitution is unlawful in expansive urban communities in the USA; in any case,

conveyance frameworks which depend on private arrangements between Asian

College of Arts and Sciences 12

administrations. A well-being advancement for Asian masseuses in San Francisco was

The examination distinguished 23 "Asian" back rub parlors in downtown San

examination demonstrated that Asian masseuses confront troublesome decisions over

College of Arts and Sciences 13

a standard client and continuous client of sexual administrations.

A large portion of these examinations exploring HIV-related dangers among male

compulsory condom utilization law in Nevada.

College of Arts and Sciences 14