La Historia de La Teoría Literaria Del S. XX

!
"

# " $% % &
!""#
$ % &' 3
! (

)' * ' 8
!$ (

)
(+ % S
!! (

' % 6
!!$ ,
' ' - % 7
!!! , .&
% 3D
!!/ 0 1' % 38
!!2 . ' 3 ' 0 &' ' % % 3S
!/ ' )4

(+ % % 3Q
!/$ ' 0 1' % 37
!/! 0
' 5
' % 34
!2 ' * 0
' .&
% D8
!2$ ' .&

% % D8
!2! 0
' .&
% % DS
!2/ 6. 1' .& % % DQ
!7 0

'

%
% D5
!7$ 3 % D5
!7! 0& 8

' % % D7
/ * . 83
/$

% 83
/!

% 8D
// ,
& * % 88
2
8Q
2$

% % 8Q
2!
,.
'

%
% % 86
2!$
.
'
% 86
2!! &

,.
'
% 87
7 &
' - S3
7$ ,
9& . 3
% % S3
7! ,
9& ' . 3
% SD
7/ ,
9& .
+ * : % S8
72 ,
9& ) 3
&.
% S5
#
' -
3 S4
#$ ;. <$=""-$=/=> % S4
#$$ ;. <$=""-$=/=>? ,

% QD
#$! ;. <$=""-$=/=>? ,

% 6D
#$/ ;. <$=""-$=/=>? ,

% 6S
#$2 ;. <$=""-$=/=>? % % 59
#! ;. : <$=2"-$=7=> % 55
#!$ ;. : <$=2"-$=7=>? , ,

&&
% 55
#!! ;. : <$=2"-$=7=>? ,

% 79
#!/ ;. : <$=2"-$=7=>

.4 % 75
#!2 ;. : <$=2"-$=7=>?

'
& % 77
#!7 ;. : <$=2"-$=7=>? 0 ( $=7"-$==2 % % 49
#!# ;. : <$=2"-$=7=>?

% 43
#!@ ;. : <$=2"-$=7=>? 0

% % 4D
#/ ;. ? <$=#"-$=#=> % 4S
#/$ ;. <$=#"-$=#=> ,

% 4S
#/! ;. <$=#"-$=#=>? ,

&&
% 45
#// ;. <$=#"-$=#=>? 0 ( % % 393
#/2 ;. <$=#"-$=#=>? ' % % 39D
#/7 ;. <$=#"-$=#=>? 5' * ' % % 39S
#/# ;. <$=#"-$=#=>? 4& * ,

4 5.' % % 33S
#/@ ;. <$=#"-$=#=>? 3

&' % 336
#2 ;. 3 <$=@"-!"""> % % 3D9
#2$ ;. 3 <$=@"-!"""> , ,

&&
% % 3D9
#2! ;. 3 <$=@"-!""">? . ( % % 3D3
#2/ ;. 3 <$=@"-!""">? 3

&' % 3DQ
#22 ;. 3 <$=@"-!"""> , 0

+
5&
% 383
#27 ;. 3 <$=@"-!"""> , ,

&&
% % 3S3
#2# ;. 3 <$=@"-!""">? ' 4 % 3SQ
#2@ ;. 3 <$=@"-!"""> 0

% 3S6
#2A ;. 3 <$=@"-!""">

% 3S7
#2= ;. 3 <$=@"-!""">?

% % 3Q8
#2$" ;. 3 <$=@"-!""">?

,
&
% 3QQ
#2$$ ;. 3 <$=@"-!""">?

,
&
0
-
% 3Q7
#2$! ;. 3 <$=@=-!""">? , )&&&

*
,
&
;
% % 369
#2$/ ;. 3 <$=@"-!""">? ,

&
B4 % % 36D
#2$2 ;. 3 <$=@"-!""">? )

*
,
&
&&
% % 36Q
#2$7 ;. 3 <$=@"-!""">?

4
& % % 364
@ , ,
&&
CC 358
@$ , +' D
&&
E
% 358
A , ,
&&
378
A$ .

&&
% 378
A!

% % 37S
A!$
4
F
&& F * G
&&
H % % 37S
A!!
4
D
&& E * D
&&
E % 377
A!/ ,
&& ? 6 I ,&'I *
4 % 377
A!2 ,
&& ? &

% 346
A!7 ,
&&
? 6 I *
4 % 347
A/ ,
&&
? &

% % D9D
A2 (
,
&&
0

&&
% D9S
A2$
+
.

&&
% % D9S
&

D33
=$ ,

' % D33
=! & ,&'

' % % D38
=/ -' ,&'

' % % D38
=2 && ,&'

' % % D3S
=7 B (+ 3

' - % D3S
=#
3

' % % D3Q
=@
3

' .&
* 6J & % D3Q
=A 5+ :J'

% % D36

D35
GH 5

' ' % D35
##A

&
% DD5
' ()* +

,

+
% % DD4
' (+*

#

% % DD4
' (* - +
#
% DS3
' (-* . / 0

1 2
' 3456 /
3478 % DS6
' (* . / % 3499:3455 % % DS7
' (* + $

% % DQ4
' (*
$ ; , : % % D6S
:J + D58
##A
3&I < -& > $ ,
9&
. &J &
? 3& %I
K
.L +' .
M N . I . &

M N .OJI
& 1 . M !
9&
. &
M % ! 3 3& I
.I & +
I
. .&
I ' . J I
*

.
'
.I J( +4 & . K& ,
&
' .&
& ..I & & +'M .&

& I
(

J
, &

I .
&
.I
.
9&
.
+

$ % &'
$ % &'
- <= ,
,

- ' >
??% 2@ @

( *@ ( *@ ( * (- *@

( * ( - *%
<

A

@ @

A @ A

<@ =

@ %
-' @ ,

' A >

@
@

>
% -
@
' >

@

,

@ A '><

>
% # @
>
>
%
# @ ' A @

% -
A
A
<
,
@

@ A <
%

??@ 0<
<
,

@

(
< A < ' *
= > >

B ; @ & 3

C < @ ?? >

: > @
,

<
@ >
@ A
% - <
= '
>

@ @ %

,
' >
@

@
%
, @
>
A
>

@ >

% $ < @
' A

. '
A .
0 , %
$ < @
@ < @

> 0@ A 0 .

%
D B ; @ &

! (

)' * '
! (

)' *
'
+

E <

@
.
,

> > 0@ 0@

>
@

> 0 .
>

%
-

>
>
>

<

> > "
F)
+ @
3435GC F )
, @ 3479GC
F
$ @ 3446G F+>:H,
+< @ D993G%
$
, 0@ A
I% (

J>

#
K L

< 0 A >

%*
3
+
=

>

3
% I % (M
N MO A ,N*% P F-
%G

%

" - A @ F3474G@ % QQ%
B ; @ & 8

??@ .0
,
. @

A >
,

%
!$ (

)
(+
+
>

@
@

,

.
A <= @ =
@

@ > @ >
@

> 0 @ %
- @ ( <

A @

,
F

G@ @ @ @
@

' @ < @ @
D 8
=
A

* - @

@ MA A A
>

>> >
N@ MA
N@ M A

( *N%
- >
@ >
A <
< > % -
@ <=

@
>
, ,
,

<@

>
.
@
,
% -
@

, 0
. '
,

@ ,

@

@ ' C ,
%

,
> ,
A >
U=
U

,
% $ < @ >

< >
,

@ <
= @ A

<= ,%
D
# ,
@ , - @ > + " > $ # :$ @

" R @ F344SG@ % 388@
%
% ) " #
@ F3444G%
8
& @
@
R" $ @ -
+
% $
+>" T,

) +E@ F344QG@ % 3DQ%
S B ; @ &

! (

)' * '
-

: A
,
>< >
@ A

'
% # @ >

<
:>
0

, %
0@
<

> @
,
, , @
. F G@
. @ . @

< @

F @ @
G@

F @ @ @ @ @ @ ,,
.
@
%G%
> >

A @
<
@

L@
,

' , @ A@
S

0 @ @ 0 @ %
$ >

@ A

A <
>
@

A >
>

@

A

>

'@ @
> > @ <
<

% -
'
' 0
A >

A <
> :

<

@ A <

,

@ A , , A >

'

%
# @

@

@
Q

A
> @

( * (
6
* % - =

,@ 0 >
< <= ,

5
>

%
-

A

0@ '
= % 2

<@ @
S
+% P @ I
@ +V % + # P % 2
> % ) " W, -
@ F3447G@ % 6S%
Q

@ )

@ & @
@ %
6
- @ % > 2 #
% I @ R " )VX #<>@ 3446!@ % 36D%

%
%@ % ) % #
@ 3Y
% F3445G@ % 36S%
5
% I % M
N P F
%G

%

" -
A @ F3474G%
B ; @ & Q

@ % A .
0

,
0 @
@ A L E >

@ B @
@
@
@ 0

%
- A >

2

, >

A ' @ , <

>
7
% @ >

,= F

0 G

<0 0
:

@

,
% -

:
< A ,

>

@ A A , <

@
:

< ,
' ,
> %
, @

>

:

<
> , < % $
<
A > ,
< ,
P IV
$ .@ 2> )@ > @ A >
A

@ %
$ < @ .

<
>
?? A <=

, A
A%
!! (

'
MA N 0 >
@ @

@ <,
A @ A

< =
L
@ ,@ @ @ @
@ @
@ @ %@ A

.

<@ ' .
( *% $
< @

> 0
A @ =

F G@ '

=

%
- '
F' (*% P, G <
< A
> 0 @
@ @ A .0 %
7
,= @ > HV% > +> )% ;X Z V" >< V@ 3486!%
6 B ; @ &

! (

)' * '
4

= : = @
,
A > <

>> @ =

.

'
,
@
=

> F @ > @
B @ %@G
, @
@ @

% #

= A@

0 @ <

@ ( .*%
@ > .

<

0 , @ \

@ @ . F= @ , @

@ @ @ %G
<=

. % $ '

A

@ @
@
%
- '
F' (+*

#

G >
.

F

G@

A =

+

:

<
<
0 @
@ @ 0@
@ @ %@ @ %
- 0 ' .
@
@ =@ @ =% - 0
A @ < >
F ,

,G
@ @
@
@ %@

A .
@ @
@ @ @ %@ A

% -
,

@ @ 0 0 A . B @

A
,

,
A .@

A ,

% -

.
F
G

: A@

F ,< =G <

@
0 FA ,
3D

0 G@
@ >
0 % #

@

F

(:
*G@
A > A L %
!!$ ,
' ' -
- '
F' (*% P, G <
A 0% # @

@
>> > : A

' =
0 @

38
@
@ F A G A

<

< FA<
0 G%
$ < @ A >> >
A <
, ,>

'
@

. @
.

%
#

' =
0 @

" @ A

,
@

C @ A
<, ,

@ A

' > %

A '
@ F' (* - +

#
G A

,

]_>@ , A@

B @ @
"
39
]^>@ > %
, % $ "

+ - @ FD999G@ % D75%
33
@
% ( < *% 222@ F345DG@ % DD5:83 DS8:6D%
3D
+% @ % ( " M
>
N*% +
% #. %
% ) " )< T,
+ -

@ F347QG@ % 399%
38
@
<
A A@ A
< A

, < ><

, % %%%! # A

@
<
< . 0

% @
< A
.
< A
< % ]^>@ > %

, % $ @ +>"

+ - +>@ 8Y %@ FD999G@ % 59:58%
7 B ; @ &

! (

)' * '
(-

<

@
.
>

,
<0 @ A

" G , A

A
C <G >>
, @ A , <
, @ G
<

% Z <= ,
@
' <0 @ A

J
K@ ,
<
3S

, %*
, '
F' (+*

#

G@ A@

@

: '
=
@ A , =

0 @

@
=
%
“Los paradigmas alcanzan su status como tales cuando tienen más éxito que sus
competidores en la resolución de problemas que han quedado sin una
explicación satisfactoria, o cuando los científicos o los estudiosos de una
determinada disciplina sienten la necesidad de reconsiderar muy seriamente la
línea básica teórica de investigación que proporciona el paradigma de mayor
vigencia. Esta concepción del paradigma es importante para comprender el
avance de cualquier campo de investigación, tanto de las ciencias como de las
humanidades, ya que como Kuhn asegura, el progreso epistemológico de las
mismas no se produce sólo por acumulación de descubrimientos de
conocimientos y saberes, sino también, y muy especialmente, por cambios de
paradigmas. La pauta que sigue este progreso es muy similar al de la literatura, la
música, las artes y el resto de las humanidades, es decir, por medio de
periodizaciones causadas por rupturas de estilos, de gustos, de modas y de
estructuras institucionales.” 15
36
P

:P% ` @

35
]_> >
@

A@

> @
A :
"
“Los tres grandes paradigmas descritos de la ciencia literaria: el
clásico-humanista, el histórico positivista y estético-formalista se han agotado,
siempre, cuando sus métodos de interpretación ya no pudieron realizar esa
3S
+ .@ & R@ & % F-
%G + #0 " B % )< " $,
-

T,

# R @ F3446G@ % D8%
15

! "# $%!
&' (' # )**+ ,-
36
`@ :P < % (#
X>
X> (% > )> @ 8% V " & >
I >:T, a @ F3464G@ %SS:Q6C (+<

*% > P% + % - <

' "
% ' " T,

' @ F3475G@ % Q4:53%
35
]^>@ > $% > $ $ P, % +> " T, +> #@ 346D!%
B ; @ & 4

eficacia de actualización del arte pasado y de la transformación progresiva del

canon de las obras que son traducibles todavía o de nuevo al presente.” 18
- > @ D3 E 0
@ T% -
"
“Jauss (1969) anunciaba ya un cambio radical en el paradigma de los estudios
literarios, y de esta revolución ha sido, sin duda, alguna, uno de los
protagonistas. Puesto que las mutaciones de paradigma surgen de una
acumulación de discusiones previas, ante las nuevas teorías de la lectura
debemos preguntarnos si se trata de una tendencia nueva y en qué sentido.” 19
# . Z, A@

??@
,. ( ,

% -
@ A >
: @ , <

:
?2?
=: ' @ > ,

@

@ A
,

' , <=
%*
D9
-

]_>@

??" $L`@

@ : C
<

@ A : % R E 0
@ A
<
L
@ -

,
% # @

@
:

@

%
+ < @ A

'
= < >
@
= A 0 =<

'

A A ?? >

%
-

=@ A

@ <
F ' G F
G%
=
'

.
,

.
18
./0 .12% 3% 4 56 2 %/ 7! 8#
9 :7! (' ;/9 :7 )*<= +*
19
(% # 9 $! / )**, ,> ? 3@ A4
B)**CD 86 E @ $! @ (' )**C
D9
# . Z, @ & % ( ??*% % R, F+
%G +

@

"
@ F344SG%
39 B ; @ &

! (

)' * '
"
@ @ %

0 %

@ @

=@

=@
<@

% - '

>
=

(' * >> %
@ 0

A
-% ) = 0
@ <

)% b,V=
34DQ F(H =.c = >
<
> X>>

>
@ < X>
>
= > > >c*GC

Vd ,Ve FA
A (

> >
>
, *GC

D3
&` F3464G
<

FL

]^> (

*G@

@
DD

@ @ ,

<
3459"
“Independently of Schiff I have tried to characterize structuralism in literary
scholarship by using criteria similar or identical with his, and considering the
subject matter of our discipline, the separation of this subject matter from that of
other disciplines and the method and goals of literary scholarship I designated
structuralism chronologically as the third trend following positivism and
psychologism.” 23
) = 0 .

]^>@ ( * (
* (

,
*
0 0 @ @ @ A

" ' A

C @ A A

.

% @

@

( , * (* *
( *@ F G F
0

G@ A >

, % <

` F3464G
(> * ,
, %
#
>> > : @ 0

@ @ ' C
@ ,

P% $
A FA <

D3
`@ :P < % f#
X>
X> (% > )> @ 8% V " & >
I >:T, a @ 3464!@ %SS:Q6%
DD
) = 0@ -
% (c g c *% 3D@ F3459G%
23
$F 3&' &// 8 4 &' &// ;!
6 $F
$ )*<- ))1)G
B ; @ & 33

B
P% &V < G
( *@ (+ ' @ <@
* ( *
A

@

,
@
<@

A
DS
(

* %
@

DQ

% - @

$
< @ A 0

@

- = P @

" - =@ = P % # L @
F

, : G%
!!! , .&

- @
@ ,

@
L , <

<

F

.

GC < , <=
@
E

. '> , @
< >
'
A . < A 0
D6

=.
% + ,

@ >

"
“En primer lugar, homogeneidad de la sustancia, materiales constituidos por un
sola y única sustancia, aunque lo que con mayor frecuencia presenta la realidad
son sustancias mezcladas. Son aceptables los corpus heterogéneos, cuidando
de estudiar detenidamente la articulación sistemática de las sustancias
implicadas, es decir, de dar a su heterogeneidad misma una interpretación
estructural. En segundo lugar, homogeneidad de la temporalidad: el corpus debe
eliminar al máximo de los elementos diacrónicos; debe coincidir con un estado
del sistema, un «corte» de la historia. Sin entrar aquí en el debate teórico de la
sincronía y la diacronía, y desde un punto de vista operatorio el corpus debe
ceñirse lo más posible a los conjuntos sincrónicos; se preferirá pues un corpus
variado pero limitado en el tiempo a un corpus reducido pero de larga duración.
Ciertos sistemas establecen ellos mismos su propia sincronía. Estas selecciones
iniciales son puramente operatorias y en parte, forzosamente arbitrarias: no se
puede emitir juicios acerca del ritmo de cambio de los sistemas puesto que la
finalidad tal vez esencial de la investigación semiológica (es decir lo que se
encontrará en último término) es precisamente descubrir el tiempo propio de los
sistemas) la historia de las formas.” 27
0 .
'
F' (+*

#

G

@
0@ A

= :
@
DS
$
@ P% 0% ) " @ F347QG@ % 33%
DQ
$@ +% #
0
' % ) " + @ F347QG@ % 3D%
D6
+% ) >@ P% (-
$ *% , % #
+ @ F3449G@ % 49%
27
E $6 2 HI' //J K/ ! L / &/ )*+>
3D B ; @ &

! (

)' * '
A

A 0 ,<@
@
+

: <

<

% # L
A A
< :
@ A +

< % - '

, : @ @ ,0
<
F 0 G < <
% # .
' '> , '

A @
<< 0 <0 .
!

D7
@ @ '
F$
@
D4 89
- @ VV:2<> G@
A A

@
@ ' @

,
%
!!/ 0 1'

$ >

A >

< (

@ @ ,
83

@
@
, @

%*
-

( > * (

*@
'

%
# >
@ .
'

A
,
,

%
$ .@ @

@ L

@ F' (+*

#

G
A

@
@

@
@ @
@

@

%
# @

#

<

' ( * (
: *@ A
,@ A
A
@

,
' ,@

@

B @ , ',@ 0 @

@
@ 0 ' %
D7
$
@ P% 0% ) " @ F3475G%
D4
- @ % T 2
% ' " +-% DY
%@ F3447G%
89
VV % I%@ 2<> -
%

?? " - @ ' @ -
@
$ %

" +0
@ F347SG%
83
IV P I@ % @ SY
%@ 3Y %@

"
@ F3466G@ % 837% +
$,@
R %
%

"
@ F3454G@ % DSQ%
B ; @ & 38

@

. ' ,@
@

:
<, @ ' @

@
'
< @ A
$
'
0 A >

@ @ A
(*
.
> >0 <
' @ <

@
@ ,@ ,

'
0 %
!!2 . ' 3 ' 0 &' '

+ '

#

#
@ F' (* . / % 3499:3455G
.
\ <

55 E
??% $ <, A ,
>

@ A >

@

@ @ A

A > .
A

+ '
@ A >

<

+

: %
-' , < A
A >

A% # = @ <
=

A >

A

, , <=

@ = @ F @ G@ - F> @ G@
- @ "# $ # F G@ F#@ L@

)= @ %G@ , @

@ % -

A >
@
< .
'

@ '
%
$ <@
A >

P @ - +> @ - @ ;X + @
$
@ . A (*

A E

%
- @ , A
@

> <
> A

@ A 0 <@
A

%
0
F' (+*

#

G

A

=

(

* F
@

<

,
@ %G@ A
' ( , ,*@
A '
:

A

> <

% - A
3S B ; @ &

! (

)' * '
A > 0

A

+

: @

F @ ' @ , @ %G@

FB @ @ @
@ @ %GC ,
F' G@
@

@ @ @

@ @ % -

( *

>

@ A
<

> 0 % - ,.
<
> "
> %

A
'

(>

* <= ,

,
:
@
@ . < 0
A .

A@
@
F G A

,
,
% -
A
> '

@
>

0

%
# @ A
<

> A 0

,

% -
. @
,

>

,

>@ A

<@ <= < @ @

@
<

% -

h >
h

>> A =
% A <=
@

.
>
@

%
#
.

@
< , A

>> % # , @
. .0

,

<=
@
L

% -
<

'
A ' % (;
A

. %*
!/ ' )4

(+
$ >
A

-

<
,

. =

@

@ > @ >
%
B ; @ & 3Q

< >

A
<

'
% # > 0
0

A

, ,

@

@
0@ ' ,

@ A
, <

, : % -

@ F
@
@ %G@
F G@
F@ @
G@ '
<
+

F%%

@
P% #
P% ) >C ) V @ V0

@ V0 )> $ @
)= ] # @ %G@
' @ @ @ %

' @ <
' @ A
'. F
@ ' G

,

@

>

>

%
$ > <,
A @ ( *
E

0 F> @
J

#K@ @ G@
F' G@
F GC

FG@ @

% < > E
A
>
(
.
* F

G@
< <=
A @ A
> A >
, > <
@
.
0 @ <
@ <
A <
' % -
@ >>

<
F
@ @ @ %G@ (< .
* @

<
.
=
>

> %
<
@
A
<=

A

' A
, @
<
A
, @ A
<
@
8D

%
$ < @ . < : <
, @
<
<>

.
<
0 @ @ @

@

@ %
# @
'
??@

>
'

:

<

% # @
8D
A # . Z%@ &% Y%" (
@ J K@

0 *
= %

" +0
@ F344DG@ % 35%
36 B ; @ &

! (

)' * '

A

<
:
L , @
A L A < ,

<@ @
@ ' @ %@
@ A

0

% + <
> @ >
@
@ A
: %
#
34D7!@ ' &'(
) > 345D!% - A
'
A >

@ A
: @
(
*@

: @
% $
< @ < A

:
<@ @ @ A '

' @/ @ @
' /A >

<

% #
' ,

:
??
<

A .
%
-

> <
A < > =
@
< A

> A
< % @

@ A

(
,

*@ >

% - @ ' '

A
'><
,

A % $
@ <
A " 0 F
0

G@ 0 F'
B @
<

@ ,

@

G@ F
' @

' ,@
,
@

@

@

G@
F <

@ <

@ <

@

G@ F
, h ,=
Hh@
.
@

,

G%

A
?? L

@ F%% B @ @ @ @
%G@ A

,
.

@

<= @

<=

@ %@ ' E A

< >

<
@ <

,

@ A@ 0

>@ A 0 =@

A < A 0 <= ,
.<% >> @ .
??

@

L <= ,<@ A A

A '
A
' = .
' @
,

, L
@ A A

B ; @ & 35

'

%
> 0
@ @
A

@ A

,

<= %
!/$ ' 0 1'

P

. >
@

@ @
> .
' ,

F
G@ A > % #
@
<
A 0

A

0 0
F

G% A <@ @ A '

@ @ %
# @ 0
:

@
,. A >

,

,

A ,

" 0 @ @ @ @ % @
L ,
,
C @

'

, ' C ,
,
F @ , @ @ 0 G@ @ ,

,
0 % $ A

F

G , @
<
A ' <
@ , >
A
?? <
%
$
A

.
0@
<

F

0

G@ A >
<= % + <

<, A
0

0

F0' G ' @ A
0 0

0' %

A <= ,
@ A@

, @

@
< : < @
@ @ @
@ ' @ %@

> @ .
0 ,
'
F @ =
G F

G@

' @
A

.
<

% # =
(, *

> %
< < E A
37 B ; @ &

! (

)' * '
<
,
(

%%%!
0

. @ @ >
D4C
@
> 348S@

Vd ,Ve < >C
F348S:3487G@

. < @ L @
3487
> 34S7@

88
< 0 %* $ <, A >

(* <

>@
'
A

% $
< @
, 0 > @ ,
A
.
H

@
, <

:
F
\
\

G

> A

" < F

34D4:34S7G <
H
E 3465@ 3459@ 345S@ 3457@ %@
A @ -
T

; @ -E@ @ %G% ,

>> A
, A < F
= > < G A

,

< F = @
0

34QS:346DG - =
@ <, @ A >

A > 0 (, *C A

0 C A@ > =

, <

@ @
: % -
@
A (%%%!
>

@
<@
C
0 .@
<
8S

%*
-
,@ .0

.

@
=
@
, E
@ A , A

>> @ <

,<

%
!/! 0
' 5
'
88
% R P . +%
-
#% R"
T,
Ri #@ FD999G%
8S
@
% (2
J>> ] >> K
&V < )V>
*% -
>

% ' "

+ - @ F3448G@ % DQ9%
B ; @ & 34

# >
,< 0
,. A '
,

% T
>
-
<

>

@ <

<

.
@

%
T A

@ @

@
A ,

,

% $ , A .
>

<

=
@
, % $ < @
A
<%
T ,

, @ , @ '
> >>

"
@ - @ P @ j @ # @ $ @
B @ # 0% Z@ @ <

0< "

@

+ ' @

@

+ @

+
% ,
L

@

, <
h,@ @ ' h
A >

> % # >

A
J+ K
@ <
% +

@
,@ A = P IV
) -< J# K <"
“Tomo el término crítica en amplio sentido, para abarcar no sólo opiniones sobre
libros y autores particulares, crítica «de enjuiciamiento», crítica profesional,
ejemplos de buen gusto literario, sino también, y principalmente, lo que se ha
pensado sobre los principios y teoría de la literatura, su naturaleza, función y
efectos; sus relaciones con las demás actividades humanas; sus tipos,
procedimientos y técnicas; sus orígenes e historia.” 35

+ % $% -

0

* +
“Por crítica entiendo aquí toda la actividad intelectual encaminada, bien a
averiguar qué es poesía, cuál es su función, por qué se escribe, se lee o se recita,
bien —suponiendo, más o menos conscientemente, que eso ya lo sabemos— a
apreciar la verdadera poesía” (1933). 36

,

?? @ >
@ 0
< >

( * ( *@ <
35
MN 2 . # )=-C1)*-C / O@@@ 8 @ 9 :!
P )*-* =1<
36
Q K/ 5' . # $ ; B)***D ,-
D9 B ; @ &

! (

)' * '
A@ <

< @ <

,

A>

% - 0@ ,.@

> % - F' ()* +
,

+
G >

,
0<

,

F <= , @ 0 @ < @

<@ ' @ L< @

G
A
F G
A
F G%
# @

> @ A

<

, A <= ,

@ , , % - > .
399
E @
C ,

< L
@ , @

A

' F
G A

<

%

0

.

@ F' (*% P,
G@ A .
@
A

F ' G

A

L
. > @
A@
@ >

<
,

@
>

@

@

@

0
F @ @ @ @
@ %G

@

,

> %
# @ >
0 " 0
E

??@ F0@
,@ @ ?2?G@
F+ G
E
??
<0
:
??%
E

'

<
0<
@ A <

85 87 84 S9 S3
% @ P% $
@ % VV -% 2<> @ % RE @ -% ) = 0 @ P% $>
85
@ bV I% - "

# 34D7:34S6% 347S! ' " $ R %
3Y
%@ F3477G%
87
$
@ P% 0% ) " @ F3475G% H% (
c
+
> *@ 347Q!%
84
VV@ % I%@ 2<>@ -
%

??" - @ ' @ -
@
$ % 3455!

" +0
@ DY
%@ F347SG%
S9
RE@ #A ,
%
??% ) " -
$% %@ 3Y
% D99D!%
B ; @ & D3

SD S8 SS SQ S6 S5 S7
@ % - @ % & @ I% $>V @ IV@ IV I@ $0@
%

( *
A

,
<@ > >0

' @ ,

%
0 , F+ G A
<
, @ : : @
<0

??
0
% - ' F+ G

> %
-

??@
( * L
><

@
A
<<
( * A < <=
"

@
,
C @ @
@ <= , @ @ A < ,

<
%
$
<

< 0

@
> ,

< < <C < ,
><

% - >@ L
< ,
0
< %
??@ 0<
( *

,

@

< A < '
= > >

C < @ ?? :
<

+

%
A
< ??%
S3
) = 0@ -
% $, $ %
" & > )= )% R% F347QGC
%@
% >L ( .0, V .

0<* )
" V
]
%
SD
$> @ P < % &% $ " 2
% ;X ," Z T, #@ 345S!%
S8
- @ % T
% 3478! ' "

+ - % DY
%@ F3447G%
SS
& @ % % $ " T, @ F3449G%
SQ
$>V@ I% -
+ %

" +0
@ F345SG%
S6
IV@ P%

F35Q9:34Q9G% + F3499:34Q9G , % R2%

"
@ F3477G%
S5
IV@ P I@ %
%

"
@ F34Q4G%
S7
$0@ -%
,"
'
?? % ) " + @ FD993G%
DD B ; @ &

! (

)' * '
“La historia de la literatura, como la del arte, en general, ha sido durante

demasiado tiempo la historia de los autores y de las obras. Reprimía o silenciaba
a su “tercer componente, el lector, oyente u observador.” 49
@
,
<

C
@
@ @ A @
A
hE @ ,h

,
%
$ < @

A 0 A
< >

' % #

< 0C
>

.
> <@ > @ A

< A A .
+ %
!2 ' * 0
' .&
!2$ ' .&
# <0

<=
@ @
<<
'

% I% VV -% 2<>
Q9
3455!@ % - 3478!C P% $
347Q! @ % RE #A D99D!%
A
L
@ >

% I% VV -% 2<>
0%
+

>
<
' @
<

@

<

<< 0
<< <

@
@ @

@
>

< % $ < , @ <

4%799

<< 0 '
% - <

< @ > @

>
,

% $

>

<
' %
A > < < >

<

<< 0 <
@

, > << <
.

%
- F' (* + $
G

' @
49

/0 . 2% 3 / /' 6 /4 29!
$" . ( P/%6 ( .66 M @ 9
; : :! ; % )*<=
-<
Q9
$
@ P% P
k
+ > %
" , @ 347Q!C D
% F3474G%
B ; @ & D8

<

@ A >
<

' > % - > ,
@

>
<@
A <
@

E

(
*

<

: @
@
>

%
# < A ' A

< '

=@
@ @ >

A >

@
@ % P @
> '

' @ F @ @
,@ @
0 : @ @ < @ %G@ A >

<= A

L
,
<

??

- %
$ >

@
0
<

'
<< <

,

@
,
Q9 ' 0

' @ A
% F' (-* . / 0
1
2
' 3456 / 3478G% Q9 ' @

@
@ =@ @
@ @ @
%
!2! 0
' .&
-
<

@

h <

. 0 A

< <

> '

: C
,
<

,

h@

>
< > % -
L
,

, ,@ A

' <<
>

>

' % - >
%
'

>
' ,

@

Q3
<

@
<

QD
= F @

@ @ @ %G @
0@ >
,

% @ @ @
Q3
$ @ % ( +

*% ,%
F+ %G - % + <
% $ " -
T,

+
+>@ FD99QG@ %
333:3DQ%
DS B ; @ &

! (

)' * '

@ E

<

0@

L
, %
L >

=

' , @
@
@

F< @ @ ( *@ %GC
'
'
0 C
'
: @ ' A
' @

: % # , >

%
$ > ' A A
A

<
'

% -,
. 0@
>

' , @ >
.
E '
< C @
'

@ >

%
!2/ 6. 1' .&

$
@ , @ < ><

@ ,,C

@ >
A ><

, %

,

P-@ = F
@
, @ G g c@

A
'% P

< h < . A <
,, hF > >> B g cG@

F <,<G F
Q8
> G 0

@

L =A A +

:

@

A A , A >

,

FG@ A >

,

` F< G% -
>

(
>
* 8
P-%

@ @ ,
F
,

G

0 g : c ,

,

F< G g : `c% $ <
L <
@ <
<

0
@

:

' @ , = A
.
< , > :

QD
. P
@ ) >% - =
+%

"
@ FD99QG@ % DD:D8%
Q8
> F % > @ @
%
,% >@
>
G % %%%! 8% P @ @

@ %@ A ><
.
<,0

%%%%! FP-G
B ; @ & DQ

%

<
A A <

@
+

:
@
0 ,
#,@ F
G L

+

:
@

@ A
< A
#

.
,% #
@
<

??@ A F G
> ,
%
$ <,@ @ A

g c
g c@ 0

g c g c , @
QS
= , @ A <

F;X + GC g c F A

G@ g c F
G F 0
GC
g cC g
g

c @

@ g0 cC
g
c

, @
,

gc g c FM
NG% -
@ g
c@ g
c@ g
c @
A
' ( * ( c F
g0 c A

0 B G% -

g
c A L

,

F > E D996G@ '

@
,

@ @

@ A g c g c <

= , @ ' %

A

> <

0 @ A

:
@
0@ @
@ 0@
< A < - 34Q5!%
(J
K > X J> K %%%! J> V
, >
< K %%%! $ < > > "
@ +
@ > @
@ &@ ' K
> V% %%%!
$ >
" J> @ > @K %%%! J> K %%%!
J > K %%%! J > @ > >@ K %%%! J K% %%%! J
K
< >
:
, > > @
QQ
J'K
; .>K*%
QS
: F% % /lmnop ,
% /G % , A
@ @ @
, " %%%!%FP-G% $= A
<

@
" @
@ ,
% - > % < C @ @ %

,

C F-$-G
D6 B ; @ &

! (

)' * '
!7 0

'

%
!7$ 3

<

, ,

<. <= ,
<=

A
<
'

' A %

, 0 @
<

@ @ A E <,

399 '

, 59 E
??@ @ A '

<
'
A

%
- @
A .
<=
>

< @ @ . F. G@
<

'
@ . <=

' @

. @
F@ @

@ %G@ > < A .
L
<@
<

% @ 0
,
@

% $ < @

@
<= @ .0
0

.

'
@ >
,
F<

G%
@
<
0 @ @ @
@ ' @ <, @
%
+
< ' A

??@ > ' h

h
'

,

@ A >

% -,
@

> ' A
@
@ % $ < @
>

A A , @
A >

%
- > =
A
0 ,

% -

,
,
. "

<

@

#
F 0 A
= @
. <
@ %G@ < F

. <
QQ
@ ; > % + " -% # @ ;%&%" # T, #@ F34Q5G% % 5D%
B ; @ & D5

<G
' @ <
.
<, E%

A
'

@
< ' FG FG@
0

,@

< % -

.
<< 0

'
0@ A (
*%
<
, % +

"@ -
@ E @ #0FG F% %G
!7! 0& 8

'
-
:
#

@
E A

@ :

% -

@ # : @ F G .

<
@ @ <

,
@ >
A ( * ( + * ,.

% - <, ,

??@ A
<

# :

@
<

A :

0 '
,

>

' 0 @

@ %
@
< F>@ @ @

@ @ @ %@G
< F@

@ %G" <
# 3466

& Vd ,Ve
. @ ( ><
, E @

Q6
+> ,A <L%* <
<

<=

H
% $ < < ,

@ A
F A '
>
G@

A
, @
@ A
,.@

<@
, @
<
< h > h A ,

% P
> @
@

Q5
% - @ (

%* $
< @
< 0

A
- B
#@

: A
<= %
Q6
@ bV I% $ " > # $> # = @ 34D7:S6% " T ' #@ 347S%!@ % 37
Q5
- @ % T
% ' "

+ - @ F3447G@ % 3D8
D7 B ; @ &

! (

)' * '

A
<

A

#

<= @ E A

0
:=

@
@

#
h A

' @ @ , < +

: , h

0
, >

% - A ,. .

'

@
0

. , : @
, ,@

> %
- <=
:

'
>

E
@
0@ @ ' g c@ 0<@
@ >@ = @ %
B ; @ & D4

89 B ; @ &

/ * .
/ *

.
# < '

<

>
@
A ' A >
Q7

?? %
/$

<< > '

A .
% < /. @

>
< 0% - 2R
%+%@ /.
,.
(* ( *@
A L
% < >
, A
A # >. < ,@
%
Q7
P@ (- , 0 " ' @ @
=*%

%

" - A @ F3444G@ % 36@ R =V@ %@ #
%
" ; >

@ ;, Z V" -,@ F3456G@ % ,%@ ( %%% >< ,
@

3469@ J

K@
,
B *%
B ; @ & 83

0

,
. ' @
,

> ' ' >

' %

P

0

A A
,

%
- , P 0 ) 0

?2? = ,

@

A <=

< < @ < @ A
,
L ,
<% - P 0@ A

+ 0@ .

A

@ ,
I .@ /
@ (< * (> *
/ > 0 A
P %

?2? > A , =

A < F
>X
G%
/!

A
,
@

<
,
,

??%
P @

;, + @ ) E ; @ ,

< % < .< '

' @ ,0
0

<
@
@
0 @ ><

< 0
% -
( < * >

%
T
" M0
.
A

,.

N -

@
@

@ A

A

%
$ < ( *
R% qV ,V
Q4
@ E 34D3@

'
34Q9
B
$ .
%
Q4
qV ,V@ R % (- *% 34D3!% .,
,%

" &V < @
= ,@ -V><@ )V@ qV ,V @ R
,@ b,V= @ # % ' " $ R -
@ QY
@ F3459G@ % QQ
F3Y
@ #" j

$ F346QG
8D B ; @ &

/ * .
;, ,

F
G < ><
( *
.
0 < % # > A
.

>< A ( *

%
- !

>< F< 0

G
"# 0
> L E

%

@

,

: .

0
' @
@

: @
% + >

> @
( * , 0' % >
@ A

<
<= @ >

@ ,.
< ' <

%
// ,
& *
'

, 0 ,

"# < < %

<
<= ,

@ A .< < <

( *
@ >

FA
, G@
> A >

' %
<= > ' @ A

C L
@ >
<
@ A

' @
<
@
% > <
<=

0 % H < > @

@

> %
+

0

F' ()* +

,

+
G@
0 <
' ( *
@ , A
@

%

@ A

<= , % A
< ,

0
@ @
>
@
,

.%
B ; @ & 88

8S B ; @ &

2

2

# ,

0

??@ @

0< @

A

?2?@
S9 E
??@

<
0< %

>
'

'

0 % &%
69
Y # . Z,
T,

% - ,

E A

> E F3487:34S6G A
' F
A

$

G%
2$

-

?2?
< ,
A@

% + @ , < '
>> , ,

A ,<

63
> < <
% $

A > < A ><
' @ @ < <= , L

69
# . Z, % &% Y% (+

*%+
% R,@ % %

"
-
@ F344SG%
B ; @ & 8Q

<@ = % -
,

>

> =
> <

% $
@ @ , = <= ,

,

<

, %
,

, >

> : @ A
6D
<
, A = <

,

,

% -
,

:
,

> %
2!
,.
'

%

2!$
.
'
68
- ??
< A@
#

A<
, A <
%
“[...], the human sciences do encompass natural facts and are based on
knowledge of nature. If one were to imagine purely spiritual beings in a realm of
persons which consisted only of such beings, then their coming-to-be,
preservation, and development, as well as their extinction -[...]- would be
dependent on purely spiritual conditions. Their well-being would be based on
their relation to a world of spirit, their contact with each other and their
interactions would be effected through purely mental means, and the lasting
effects of their actions would be of a purely spiritual sort. Even their
disappearance from the realm of persons would be grounded in the spiritual
sphere. The system of such individuals would be known by pure sciences of
spirit.” 64
343Q , @ A < A

63
@
> (
*% # %
8 , % 3768!% , % 2@ 0 2R%
6D
@ ,% -
>
@
A
k> % #" > @ F346QG%
68
>@ I>% -
X> % R>
B
$

>

>> % 3778!% ^ " R
> V 1 P> @ F3477G
64
56 M6 386 26 E 6 ./ & 6 R/ &4 @/ 6 ./
& ! ; / E 6 &/ E & . 8 / 2

$ 5! M & (' )*<< 6 G G-
86 B ; @ &

2

,
@ < ' <

' @

,
> @
@ <=
/A

( */@ .

<=
@
A
@

,
,.
@

%

,

?? @

@ , < A= '
' ,

>

%
?? '

< > .

%
-
<= /

0 0

B @ @ 0@ @ @ %@

,
@
>

0 @ > @
>
> <

%

@ > @ '
0% - >
A >
?? >
<

@ A @ >

6Q
<= (

A @ ,
%*
H A >
, :
??
>
A >

(

* (>* @ ( *
( *
% - /
A

< ' @ ' /
. <= A

> @ @ A
<C

A A .@
<
C
( * A " MO N MO

< N # @

F

A
> <@ @
0 @
,

@ A

@ , ,

@

,
G
'
@
>> @ ,
A
<@

" M A N@

' @

%
# L 0

6Q
# . Z, % &% Y%
= %

" +0
@ F344DG@ % D3
B ; @ & 85

0
\

.
@ > @ @
' % # A
M A N@ >

> @ A >
.
( *@ A

,%
2!! &

,.
'
$
A

A<
E ??@ A

,

%
P>
P @ A > .
<0
@

( B *
0
,
66
) @
“Analytic philosophy may crudely be defined as an attempt to combine the switch
from discussing experience to discussing language —what Gustav Bergmann
called “the linguistic turn”— with one more attempt to professionalize the
discipline by making it more scientific. The linguistic turn is common to all
twentieth-century philosophy –as evident in Heidegger, Gadamer, Habermas and
Derrida as in Carnap, Ayer, Austin and Wittgenstein. What distinguishes analytic
philosophy from other twentieth-century philosophical initiatives is the idea that
this turn, together with the use of symbolic logic, makes it possible, or at least
easier, to turn philosophy into a scientific discipline. The hope is that
philosophers will become able, through patient and cooperative research, to add
bricks to the edifice of knowledge. So there will no longer be philosophical
schools, but only philosophical specialities.” 67
@ 6 E 0
@
"
“I see the increasing consensus on this thesis as marking a breakthrough into a
new philosophical world. In this new world, we shall no longer think of either
thought or language as containing representations of reality. We shall be freed
both from the subject-object problematic that has dominated philosophy since
Descartes, and from the appearance-reality problematic that has been with us
since the Greeks. We shall no longer be tempted to practice either epistemology
or ontology.” 68
-

=

%

@ ' 0 >
>
= A . < % - ' 0
66
)@ ,% # %
' %
" T, I #@ 34Q4!@ % 3
67
2 26 3; 66 8E' 66 3 )**= 66 / S/N/E E
// 8
' ' ; $! P ,CC,
68
2 26 3; T E ; 66 4 86 8/ 66
M :N &%6 RT UN! &(RU ,CCG
87 B ; @ &

2

, 0 @
@ A

%

I < , 0
B " <

>< A C ,
< ( *
'
@ (= B *%

@

@
'@
I @

A
<=
A ><

= %
<
A
(
* (

* ,

> %
>

?? A >
<

: (
*
< < % - E

, ,
0
, <
@

= @ A

= (.0

% #

@ @ A
,
% ;

<= , @

@ '
%
; >
@

% # @
@

@ = A '

< <

'
% - @ =

)
+> $@ > <

64
@ < 
0
@ ,

@
59
P 2
@ Vd ,Ve (
*
- < A @ A
'

@ ,< A

= '
@
%
< >

??@ <

@ ,
@
<
@ A ,

@
, > % T ,.

A

A <= ,

A

@ >
0 0 A

<
= ,.

<= ,@
%
B @

0@ 0 >

@

>
53
A .@ @ (
* j

64
VV % I%@ 2<> -
%

??" - @ ' @ -
@
$ %

" +0
@ F347SG@ % 8D
59
VV % I%@ 2<> -
%

??" - @ ' @ -
@
$ %

" +0
@ F347SG@ % 357
B ; @ & 84

5D
> @
< 1 %. 3469!$ ,
< 0 = L
A L
<= ,
= @

@ (

,
*%
53
VV % I%@ 2<> -
%

??" - @ ' @ -
@
$ %

" +0
@ F347SG@ % 79
5D

@ : % I>>
>
"
. > >> V% <" >@ F3469G%
S9 B ; @ &

7 &
' -
7 &

' -
7$ ,
9& . 3

<
@ . A . <

0<
% - ,

' <

=

@ >
%

> , 0< ' @ A ' A

'
. @ A@ L

58
,0 @
 < >

% D% .
%%%! 8% 2
@ @ @ @ %@ A

FP-G%

@ F

G % 2 @

" r >
@ @ % D 2
@
@ @ @ %@ A

% 8 . >
> % S% % ' , ,< ,

@
. % 5

@ '
% F-$-G
B ; @ & S3

5S 5Q 56 55
, @ , @
% % - @

'
.
%
- F' (*
$ ; , : G
.

,

'

>
F

0
.
G
!
, E
A
'
> :
%
=
' "
; >

'

! )
" @
@
.@
A@ %C @ @ @
@ %C
F@ @

@ @ %G
0 A A

F @ @
@ @ %G %

E 3465%
-
' <=

@
@ > @ ,

%
7! ,
9& ' . 3
>

??

.
@
@
@
5S
, F
, G %
, ,% D % %%%! Q +

% F-$-G
5Q
F
%@ @ : G % %
% %%%! 33 % + @ ,

FP-G% + " %%%! 3D%
@

@ A

L% F-$-G%
56

F %G % A <=
E.% D H =

@ " r
2
C r % 8 + =

A ,

% F-$-G%
55
F % > % % V> G % - < L<

A
% "%%%! D
% A L

= ' %%%! 8 + =
A
@
@ @ %@ %

" r @ C r >

C r 0@
0 % S '

% F-$-G%
SD B ; @ &

7 &
' -
,
, =
<= "

'
S9 E @
A > : - F< @
> G@ A =
<= ,

C >>
A < @ ,

@
A > A

'
% $
< @

S9 E
<
0

%
7/ ,
9& .
+ * :
+

@
>> >
: 0

@ A

57
P% $
@ A 0

.

%
,@

F G

@

??
: %
>

F G @ A

A L
< % $

< % # = @ +
A
54
(J$ K , >
> *%

, > E > '

,% $

> ,

@

A
'
,@ ,
.@ @ %@

<

@
0

%
< @ @ ,

@

@
A .
F G@
,

0

F G%

, > E
> <
,% $
>
,

@ ' @ @ @
@ %@
A 0 @ @ , @ %@ ,

@ ,

,
%
# @ <

F G@ @ = @
F G@ ,

F-

+> @ -
$@ < <
-
T

; G%
57
$
@ P% 0% ) " @ F347QG@ % 33
54
+@ & >% ( > @ @
*% ;X 5@ F3456G@ % D6S
B ; @ & S8

< @ A >
> @
' @

,
@ '

,
@ L
>

%

<

L

' @ <
A

, > <

@
( * ,
< % -
A

< ,0
.
%
-
F' (*
$ ; ,
: G
A
A
@ <
@ <
%
<,

A A
< ,. ##!@ #
F#G : F#G
> A ,
#, F+ #$G
< @

% $ A

'
A +

:

F+HG @

' (*
$ ; , : @ A >

+ #$ >
(* (#*@ , %
-
A

% - @ 0

,
> "
+

:
C
@

< , #,@ @

%

A , F
G@
#, +H j

@
S9 E

??% - ' E ,
<

@
,. A L
($
A
79

?? . %* - @
,

@

, >

@ % -
H

<

,
A
= <= @ <
, @

@ +H
' @
<

S9 E % T <,
# %
<=
)= F
+
)= G
'

??@ @ +H ,@ A .
F

G
H
@
@ @ A@
@ %@

L
@ <= A .% $
< @
@ <
, %
79
RE #A@ %
?? % ) " @ FD99DG@ % 8Q5
SS B ; @ &

7 &
' -

$ F
@ %@G
A < T $ , @

, 0 @ <

A
>
H
@ ,,% <@ ( <=

-
#
<

, H
% $

&V < '
73
(B # * F34Q7G@

%%%!* - 3468 IV
' (# << @

, % - @
<@ @ 
,

- H

P
7D

P, ) >,A%*
@

A

, @
( > * 0
A A

\ G@

A

.

% + @

@ , % A A < @
hA @ >@ @

@

h

, > =
F > G

:

E A j

??@
' @ %
T 0
'
< +

:

S9 E
?? , A , A

34Q8" @ <
0
78
??@
@ 2 3 / / 349Q!
< 3497 3433@ @ A

<
H
>

34Q9C
@

<
T $ , >

??%
- @ < >
-
@ A <
' <
+

:
% # @ '

$
@ IV@ - @ VV 2<> $0@
- @ @ @ R `@
$ .@ @ %@ << % - '
73
RE #A@ %
?? % ) " @ FD99DG@ % 854
7D
IV@ P% +
+ % 3468!% +" -

)<
T,

+

R.@ F3467G@ % D96
78
@ R
@% 2% (H.
#

#
* $ < % 349Q!% # @

.% -
&L%

% F345QG% % 59:55
B ; @ & SQ

@
>< E %
$ ,
A

L - C

- C

- @ ;X + @ # @ + % $
< @
@
# @ - @
# <= +H@

@
@
@
# 0 % -
##

,
L
<

+H% -

<, @ <=

+H% - A '

@ ,

A #
-
- A
; -
+ C @ @
- >< .

,@
@ , @ -
P @ @
+ FA
#, ,G
$

O
> % - ,

- >

# @ -
# % @
,

%
P
- # @ +H

,

@ A >
Q

% $ <, A - +H 0 , QY

#, ,

%
$ >
A

A

??
:

# # %
-
@

3467
,

@

@ 0
, 0@ > @
% -
>
.
<

" @ @ = @
< >
> @
&A
@
A
0 , @
0
E
@ ) >

&'( 3459!@ #
@ & ] ,% + 2

&!
347D!
“[...] Derrida, en palabras de Lentricchia, no trajo el estructuralismo sino el
«post-estructuralismo». A partir de esta oposición el estructuralismo se convierte
en una serie de proyectos sistemáticos y científicos—se define la semiótica
como continuadora del estructuralismo como «ciencia de los signos»—y los
oponentes del estructuralismo son los diversos disidentes post-estructuralistas
que afirman la imposibilidad final de sus proyectos y exploraciones. [...] Una
versión detallada de esta distinción, interesante por las complejas cuestiones
que introduce, fue propuesta en 1976 por J. Hillis Miller, número uno de una
variante del post-estructuralismo americano [...]” 84
84
/
6 &% /9! 8# # / // B)*<,D :! )*<>
,G1,>
S6 B ; @ &

7 &
' -
$
. A >

@
. <
% -
=
7Q
. g
0@

c
@ <
%

, @

<
A

@

A @

A >

,

% # @
=

A

A
(

,

*@
=
< ( *% A A
g c

<@ A @ g

c@ g c@ @

E : @ A

A @
+@ (%%%!

76

@

* %
# @
A
< =

<
= , @

%
72 ,
9& ) 3
&.
+ >
@ <=
'

F < G@ '
F
G > @ '

%
A >

=

3467@ >
A ' E

<
3459%
+ < 0 : @

A = >

,<

@
@

S9 E j F3499:3484G@

j ) F34S9:34Q4G
, E @
j + F3469:3464G
39 E
F3459:D999G%

>

?? L A"
+
$ ??
7Q
:" % @
0@

G #= A
<

0@

"
@
C L , . < "
@
, % F-$-G%
76
+@ & >% $ <
"

% 347D!%

" +0
@ F347SG@ % D6
B ; @ & S5

: P

F3499:3484G
: P

F34S9:34Q4G
: P

F3469:3464G
: P

F3459:D999G
: - -
:
%
S7 B ; @ &

#
' -
3
#
' -
3

#$ ;. <$=""-$=/=>

E
??
<

%

,

,
F @ G@

A
, # @
& @ , '
)> @
R:20@ % $ < @

< .
,,

,

> : , % >
@ L

&V < 3434@ (

* >< ,

%
< @ =

< 0 ' @

@ ,

@
, <= ,

>
@

= @

0

<%
< A # R
( < *@ @ <

@

%
B ; @ & S4

- <

, > +H

S9 E
??"
@ @ %
# @

;, + @ A >

> @ A
0

% - @
>
> ,
@ A
(A *@
75
L
IV , @ A

@ @

@
A L

> A
>
@ @

F

B G@ % $ @

<
<

@

% -

A
A ;X + -

2 @
0 A
@

0 F% < G B % # @
<

A <
;X + -

: A P F T $ , G@

A < % # @

,
+

:
@

@ <

% + ,
E A >
<

;X +
-

2 @ A .

;X + A 2 %

;X
+ =

% # @
A ;X + . 2
L --%TT%

A (*
;X
+ -

@ A ' ;X + 2@
A,
% # , @
0@ <= @ ;
;X + -

F
; ;X + G < % @
E0
:

%
+

A > % -

(
2*
“La Nueva Crítica norteamericana, que floreció desde fines de los años treinta
hasta los años cincuenta, estuvo muy influida por estas doctrinas. Generalmente
se cree que la Nueva Crítica abarcó desde la obra de Eliot, de Richards y,
probablemente, también la de Leavis y William Empson, así como la de un buen
número de destacados críticos literarios estadounidenses, entre ellos, John
Crowe Ransom, W. K. Wimsatt, Cleanth Brooks, Allen Tate, Monroe Beardsley y
75
P IV@" > V
H > -% +> " > T, ; > + #@ F347DG% +

' P
. P
.% " ;, + - %

" T,

+ % F3444G@ % S
Q9 B ; @ &

#
' -
3
R. P. Blackmur.” 88
P

=
; ;X
+

@ < A

&% + X P (X *
"# 34S3! A

A 0

, ' @ >.
>
,
@ ,

h A $% $
H% +<

< h ! ! 345D! 45
! F3475!% T
>.

(; , A* A
#
F" 6 346Q!G ) > F6 .. 3466!G

<
$% < ,V F/6 " 67 6
!8. 3466!G%
@ <,

: $ " <

<=
<

'

F E

G
% @ = @ F
'

E G@ VV . J '

K '@ - @ 0
, @
; ' F -
V @ >
& G@ '
V0C $

J ' K F

'@ - C V0@ )> @
V GC

@ > V <
J' ( *KC RE
J'
K - > #

3446 J+
' KC IV J+ ' K% - ,
A

@ A
"
A

' @

J' K

'

% $ < @ ( *h A
= < A
h

<

A

@

' A
, @ @
@ @ @ @ @ @ %

%

A
-
' h =
> A
=0A F
G@
< @
' F G@ '
@ A<

@ %@hA
A

:
@
A A, %
# << @
< g' c ,.

= , g' c% - <=
0@ F
VVG
88
8 ( /9 # :7! // 9 )**< +G
B ; @ & Q3

( * <

0
( ' , *@ ( ' F-

V GC ( '
'* FV0G@ ( F G
' *%
@ < A@
@

?? @ @ ;

@

,@ ,
"
,

A ,0 <

0 @

0 % # A

??@

A <
,> ,

" < @
,
@

% ;

+ A '
@ A E 0
@

(
*@ ;

: 0
??%
- <

< " G

< > <G
'
@ @ <=
,
% #

" 0
@ . = '
% @ A 0 >
@ A

0
0 > <
@ @ A

% -

%

< @ "# @
0

<

<@

> % @ A L

@ "# $ A
>
@ A
<
,

@

B
A , @ >

? ,

74
$
A
?? . %

@ 3494h ' @ @
343Dh@ <

% @ 3436@
49
<
9 3436!

$
74
) >@ P

)
.
c % 34Q8!% #" j

$@ + (# *@ F345D%G
QD B ; @ &

#
' -
3
, :

@ A %
$ < @ '
P &V < A < <=

34DD@ . <
,
> 34D6% @ RV qV ,V R
# @ = @ <

> 34D7% - <

@

%

% -
< 3434!
43 @P &V <
0
E A
J <=
F :$
4D

@ A >
<

< K%
+ <
< & 348Q!
48
@ >

< $> + * F-
+
+> G% -
+ >. ,
A ><

>

F' G%
#$$$ ;. <$=""-$=/=>? ,
5&

343Q 3436@ + B

L F

,
343S:343Q L@

= , , B @

+G@ 28 3; F<, F2! 38 /2 < =-(< :
$

-

= # G@

.
3435 $
# < @
% < < 2 ;

$ # < % - 28 3;@ <
>
+
B
L@
<=
A

RV ) ,> qV ,V F 3435!GC
$ ) @

H )V F> 34D5!GC , &V<V ) % -V><"
. 34DQ!% - A A . + A
.)
- 2 ;

,

>
@ , @ .

49
$@

% +
A % 3436! < +> )C < $>>C ,
<
= V .= 3434!%
4D
&V < @ P % J , K% -A i" R ]>,V ,% #" F34D3G@ 3Q@
)%
-V>< (

*%
,@ ., @

%' " $ ??2

@ F3475G@ % DQ:D6%
48
+@ P
$ % ( , + > $
*% -> & DS + -
348Q!@ %
6SQ:665%
B ; @ & Q8

28 3$ R% R% qV ,V F

34DQ!@ 3435!@
! G 343S!@
" / 34D4!G

P T,

@ )% % -V>< F
. 34DQ!@ V , 0 34DQ!@ 2)
34DQ!@ $ <
34DS!G <=

RV
sV 34D9%
&% = , F
34D8!@ &! 34D5!G@ /!
9 F34D7G P% &V < GC )% R% b,V= F
? 34DQ!G@
&! 34D5!@ 1 34D5! R% R% R
, F&!
34DD!G% - 2 <

A
> %
- ,

"

@ 343Q 3436@ '
#

,
C
@
E , C @
@ > 3489@

, ,
%
#
E@ P@
@
'
# < '
R ,V@ A <
,
@ @
A
%
<=

H
>
E
<
@ @ <

, ,
<
4S
RV ->@ @> + , 34QQ!G $ .,
, F
.
4Q
. 346Q! GC & ] ,%
- <= ,

,

% -
.

'
,
F = G 0 A

@ L <@ .
@ '

<
< A > A '

' @ A = , %

JMA NK JMA
<
NK@ A <

@
A
%
A A . ' h
' @ ' ' ' h@

A ,
@ '

%

28 3; ,

.

%

@ <
> B >

@ A A
4S
->@ R % P " @ 34QQ!@
P IV@ 8%Y
%@ $, #
P @ S@ " @ F34QQG@ % 35%
4Q

,@ ., % >
) '
@
@ .,
,@
#" j

$ @ F346QG%
QS B ; @ &

#
' -
3
<= ,
<
%

A) F

', G

=@ .
=
0

%
'
" = @ > 0 <
A 0

0 @
, > = @ .
<

, % -
"
= >

<
@ < ,>

@ A , @ , % +
@

# <@
A 0 F <
<
A A
< =

0:< G@
A .

' $

@
@ ,

%
qV ,V

,
$ <
@
, @

0 A

%

P -
<

??@ A
<

"

@
,
C @
@ <= , @ @ A < ,

<
% = , A A
@

A

P%
&V < @ = @ <<

' ' A
<

A@

F
<G@ A >

A
F ' <G%+ <
) -V>< ,

"
“La historia nos pedía un verdadero pathos revolucionario, tesis categóricas,
ironía despiadada, rechazo audaz de todo espíritu de conciliación. Lo que
importaba era oponer los principios estéticos subjetivos que inspiraban a los
simbolistas en sus obras teóricas, contra nuestra exigencia de una actitud
científica y objetiva vinculada a los hechos.” 96
- 0 @

<
,
J
' K@
<

@

,
@ =

0 @ ,@

% # @
96
N6%/ $ 3 # E4 8' 8' 8# / E /
& OO@ )*<= ,-
B ; @ & QQ

@ <
L
' <C <
> 0 "

% +
A @ A < @ A

<

A

C @ @ ,

.% 0 A
<
<%
-
@ @
<

A
B @
<@ ' % Z

( < *

% > A 0
< A 0

@
A >

% $ A
@

@

0 @ 0 <% Z > A
A

@ A @ L @

% -

> : ,
?2? A@ =
# , @ A

% $ < @ >
A
L , @
@
< @ . ,
'
% -
. , "
“- Sitúan la obra literaria en el centro de sus objetivos, apartándose así del
enfoque crítico biográfico, filosófico o sociológico, e histórico, que era el que
estaba entonces vigente. - Conciben la literatura como un ámbito autónomo y
postulan el estudio de las particularidades específicas de lo literario, lo que
Jakobson llamaría la literariedad o literaturidad. El objetivo principal es descubrir
cuál es el espacio propio de la literatura, cuáles son sus rasgos específicos, los
que permiten distinguir un texto literario de cualquier otra modalidad textual. -
Quieren explicar cómo los mecanismos literarios producen efectos estéticos y
dónde reside la diferencia entre lo literario y lo extraliterario. - Se apoyan para
sus estudios en varios tecnicismos, en una terminología científica precisa
(exigida por Jakobson, por ejemplo, desde las primeras líneas de su artículo
«Sobre el realismo artístico»). 97 - Distinguen en el interior de la obra literaria la
presencia de varios planos superpuestos —fonemas, prosodia, ritmo,
entonación, etc.— y afirman que, aunque cada estrato posee una entidad propia,
todos se relacionan con los otros estratos. - Niegan tener un sistema acabado,
cerrado. Lo que ellos hacen es proponer hipótesis de trabajo y modifican esas
hipótesis tantas veces como haga falta porque no se sienten esclavos de sus
propias teorías, no quieren que sus estudios queden reducidos a los límites de
una metodología. En este sentido, su método es, desde luego, auténticamente
científico.” 98
& ) -V>< . 34DQ!" J; '
97

N% 2 3&% #4 8' 8' 8# / E / &
OO@ )*<= =)
98
Q K/ 5' . # $ ; B)***D G+C
Q6 B ; @ &

#
' -
3
44
<
@ ,, ,
<
,

K% C
-
<

C

, @ 0 L

@
0

% # @
> F
@
@ %G

A

C ' A

%
- , < , %

0 : A ><<
J K
J <K
' ', @

<

@ <

% P
< @

A
' % -

.

: 0 % Z

A
<=
,

@

@
,
=

A
% - @ A
,
@ ,< h E = )= h A
> <
A

"

<

< <=

0

399

% A
@ > A A <=

@ @

??% A > A <
=
# R
,
# < R ,V@ A <

A
= ,

P
L

?2?%
P L @ A

>.<
' @ A
<
%
< A 0
<
.@ A

A@

' <@
@ @ '% $
< , '
C <

A A <
,

<% j

<

<
A ,

%

'
393
V
@ <@

@ = )= %
44
-V><@ ) % (

*%
,@ ., %

% $ ??2

@ F3475G@ % DD%
399
)= @ % % # <

,V% ' "

+ - @ F3474G@ % 3S
393
RE #A@ ,
%
@ ) @ @ 3444!@ % 856:855%
B ; @ & Q5

' .=

P $ % @

@ <
= ,@ , >

A

<
A < . F
39D
A

0 < )= G% >> @
< ,V 34D4! @
)=
' P $

, = <

=

398

%
#$$! ;. <$=""-$=/=>? ,
,
&

-

,
@
>
<@
T,

+> %
+>

, 0

,

% A @ @ P% $%
39S
+ F & 348Q! C
B <
39Q
% 34S7! G@ , .@ -
H F2 1
396
= - G@ P>
] @ I ) > F
> * 3463!
395 @
Q9 < 0
?? 0

G@ - % V@ 0

< 0@
> @ , ,

%
;X + @ <
'
< %
@ A .

' : ' ::
L
( *h

;X + %
397
39D
)= @ =% # <

,V% 34D4!
% )< ,%@ ' "

+ - @
F3476G% 3Y%
%C # < , > , ,V %
" #< @ F34D4GC DY%
%
< <
@ <

2R@
@
% F
% 3468G%
398
RE #A@ ,
%
@ ) @ @ 3444!@ % S37%
39S
+@ P
$ % ( , + > $
*% -> & DS + -
348Q!@ %
6SQ:665% P% +@ (> 2
*% +> " T +> #@ F3465G%
39Q
+@ P
$ % B< C $
B < % %
#> SQ 34S7! R
,

B<$ +
+ %
% P% $% +% +> " T% +> #@ 34QD% %
78:395
396
H @ -
% H R &
>
H > -% +> " T, +> #@ F3456G%
395
) >@ I +% > P> % +> " T, +> #@ 3463!%
397
)X@ ]% + P%$% +" >
# % ;, >" @ FD998G@ % 33%
Q7 B ; @ &

#
' -
3
# < A ;X + -

,< >
' ' A@ L

@

'
,
@ 0
@ '
' % <@
'
0 , @ @ =
@ ' @
0

@ A

A 0 ' /. @

% $ ' A ,

C
< <
,

L

<% T
A
= <

(=
*
;X + % -

+>

< A 0
,
A
, <
=
, %
$
, '
;X +

%
0
L

> @ A

@ + - %@ < 34QD@

0

A ><
@
@

0 @
@
'
'
,
L
< @
+> @ L E R%
)% > A A < "

><

394
,
<
' %
- > A > -
+> "#
' > .

% $
' @ A
< L< A <

, , <
0 % + "# .< 0
,
@
> @ , @
%
<
>

<

0
,<%

34QD < A + @

;X + @ P

+>
, < @ A <

. /.

339
(* ,.
(
* % %
394
>@ R % )% > > > -> % ;, Z V" + < T, #@ F3477G@ %
79%
339
P @ & > + X@ ( +> *% ] P,X 3S@ 34QD!%
B ; @ & Q4

+ <
,
L P @
% - < -
+> @ E 34QD%
#

3479 -
T
"#
h 0

$ > < h ,

>
%
#$$/ ;. <$=""-$=/=>? ,

+
, ,
< @ >
+

: A " @

. 34D6 @ >
D4C
@ > 348S F

Vd ,Ve < 0>GC F348S:3487G@

. < @ L @
3487 > 34S7@

<
0 %
+

P@
,

+ B
#@ A
- > %

34D5@ '
@

,. 0
@

A

qV ,V L < 0 A

@ < <@
@

.
@

%
- <
A
+> ,A
P &V < % -'

+ B
L@ ,

' 34D9 #%
A &V <
<

> ,

A + B
#% < 6

<
34D6% -
" <
L ><
,

@ A 0
> 3489@

A
E
+ B

#%
-
+ B
#

34D4% >

&V < @ A ,
+ % A

+> ,A
# %

@ ,
+ B
# ,

B
0< % - <

,

=

,
' = F @ @ %G%
A ,
< - > < @

% < 0

" P &V < @ R > F

G@ ,0V@ & PV@ )% V@ #t ) t,@ +.,V=@ & Vd ,Ve
F 348S!G@ <V =@ P IV% A E

<
) b,V=@ <
,
+ C
&= = , A
333

! 34D5! +
#
69 B ; @ &

#
' -
3
34D7% #

A + B
#

< > %

@ & Vd ,Ve@
' A -
#
A

%
<
,

B %
&V <

= A

$ %

E D9 89
% - - +>

P @ >< ( *

% -> ><
(

33D
, *
P A , >
% ]% $,
, &V < (,

+ B

#*@

L% <
<
, A@ L @ > A
338

348S
< %
-

< <
" A

=@
@ A 

A, "

,
B %
, ,

,
+
#@ A
L
= @ <
@ @

> @

% - + B
#

A

>< > A < ><

@
)
+> @
-

@
] )B>

$%
- @ - > @
, ' @

< A

A - B <=

@
,
F ><G@ <=

A < @

%
Vd ,Ve ,
0 <=

@
A < ' @

% -
@ Vd ,Ve

< ,< <

% +

= > <=
qV ,V
333
= ,@ &% (&! * 34D5!
,@ %@ (

*% ' " $ ''%
3475
33D
->@ R % P " @ )
P IV@ 8%Y
%@ $, #
P @ S@
" % #
@ 34QQ!%
% % - % @
@ ,
& +<@ ) "
$' )@ F345SG@ % 3D%
338
+
. + @ P %
-
#% Ri"
T,
Ri #@ FD999G@ % D
B ; @ & 63

33S
34DQ! >
@
A ' A
< A

< ',
0 %
# Vd ,Ve@

,
< FA
< G <=
0 @ A
<
%
@

- @ A < < @

0
@
, %
,
A
<

@ @

>
,
% -

>. <

0 0 0 % - ><
=

<@
F

@
GC < @ > @
$ @ 0 0 A
,
@ A A %
- 0 A -
#
-

$ %
A

> - F < 0
34D4G@
> , > $ A
>>
A
< ' F
<

+ B
+ >@

348S =,G%
$
, , , :- :$ %
#$! ;. <$=""-$=/=>? ,

> A 0 <
@ ,
-
F' @ >
> @ B
+>% )@

$G@ A A = = @
,

= % - @

H
@

A ><

@
A =

%
>

+ " (

, , .

F(
*G@

>

<
+> ) F/. 6
349Q!GC
<*G@
>

, ^< @ <

@ ] R B A F
33S
q>V ,V@ RV % H .34DQ!%
/
% )= $>C 2

% )% 2 " 2
$ T, : V >, # F3444G
6D B ; @ &

#
' -
3
33Q
$ .@ % .
@ G%*
#$!$ ;. <$=""-$=/=>? ,

3
.
-
@ L +> )@
< ,
-
<@

< /
336
349Q! @ 0 > A

?? A 0
,

% -
) A B
,
,% RE #A A (- @
335
- B * @
337
& %Y #. @ A @
334
:. (- * % >> @
-
A
A B @
' : % + : < @

- ,%
#

= <= , F

'
G = <= , , F
'
G% - <=

- = , F A
G% $ , B ,
" '
, @ '
<

,
= L < <

%
0

E 0 '
, @
'
' ' <

% 2 @
<

< % - = , ,@

< ,

% - <
< A > <

- "

, ,
%
A L >
, A
>
>< '

@ <
@
% ) - @ A A
(
, *

@ A . ' <= ,
3D9

%
33Q
+ @ - % 2
B % ' " T,

;
' @ 2
2,
% #<
+
B 0@ F3478G@ % 79
336
)@ +>% #
$ A" A
c >

c

u
% 349Q!% <" %
-@ F3463G
335
RE #A@ ,
%
@ ) @ @ 3444!@ % 877%
337
#. @ &% Y% %

" $ % F3448G@ % 6S
334
RE #A@ ,
%
@ ) @ @ 3444!@ % 876
3D9
)@ +>@ #
A@ i," -@ F349QG
B ; @ & 68

#$/ ;. <$=""-$=/=>? ,

#$/$ ;. <$=""-$=/=>?
%+&
%

-

"#
3D3
0 < / 34DS!
2,
% P>
<
2 h -
T
34DQh@
3DD
<=
% $% - @ @ /! 3434! @

3D8
3435! % 2,

--%TT%@
@

,

E 34S9:3469% R

E

<
- @ <
+ > ) V
"# 34S3!
A@ . @

;X +
< %
P>
-
< <
@ 0 ' @
0' h
% -% % <
,>

A

<=
"#
,

%
2% % P>

T,

+<
A
3DS

. @ -

P>

>>
< =
@
= A < % >> @ <= =
P>
@
A

@ I - .
 A
A P>
@ < 0 @

<
A "#

E

A.
%
$
@
@
A =
, % - = @
L
<@ =

@ @ ,
0 @
< @ %@ > A
> 0
% # h
"# D
3D3
P>
@ 2% % F2, G@ # );X Z V" @ )
+ %@ F34Q4G
3DD
- @ > $ % (
> <*% > $
I
" - #
+ %
" >%
F34D9G%
3D8
- @ > $ % (

> 2
,
*% 3435! > $
I
" - #
+ %
"
>@ F34D9G%
3DS
- @ % T
% ' "

+ - @ F3447G@ % 6D
3DQ
- @ I% $, < " + % 3489!@ -
,

" ;X % F34S5G%
6S B ; @ &

#
' -
3

% $

0
2% % P>
= , "# $ > A

A@
> @
# #
"
<
<= , @ A

% Z

2% % P>
@ <
=
<0 @ , % $L P>
@
,@ A ,
<= ,@
@

A
&V < L @

@ A <
=% 2% % P>
@
< @
0 <
= A A
<
, '
@ A

@ A : A <

' ,
% "#

P>

> 0 ' F

G% $ <
'
@ A
E <= , %
"#

> 0
< . ' A
, @
< 0
A
P>
@
<
@ A =

% $% - % >> @

A "#

P>

- %
-

@ -

P>

A

,
=
A ,> A

'
" A << 0
<
<
0 A '

,

% + < 0

. " 0 @ < - @
0
0 ! ) - ,

: 0
% = @ <
<= , @ '
@ ,

"

J <= , K F J , <= , KG@
3D6

- /! 3434! %
><
=
% $% - "# $
0 <
,
0

@
3D5

3435! %
-
P>

V P
, = %

, , & F348D:Q8G%

0
P>
- @ < , > -%
3D6
- @ > $ % (
> <*%3434!> $
I
" - #
+ %
" >@
F34D9G%
3D5
- @ > $ % (

> 2
,
*% 3435! > $
I
" - #
+ %
"
>@ F34D9G%
B ; @ & 6Q

@

A <= ,
,

0 @

0%
#$/! ;. <$=""-$=/=>? ,
,
&
&

>
'

??h

34D9 3469h

-

-
T

; A >

, @ A
: ;
)

, "#

,

<@ A@
>> @ 0 A
@ "#
@

'

A ><

% IV@ A
,
3D7 3D4
, %
- "#
0
<

@ >

< @

A

@
L@

% #

A ,

<
,

>

@

%
0

"# " & > + X P @
389
F/+ - " 2 348S! G@
"# 34S3! F < <
GC + > ) V FF /+ -
383 38D
& P < # IG 3487! @ / 34S5! @
388
FG - / & 34S7! G@ @ I ]% I @ P% #%
)V@ Z, I @ P < # I@ ] > )V P IV%
+

--%TT% .
3D7
IV@ P I@ %
)

"
@ F34Q4G% %D37
3D4
IV@ P%

F35Q9:34Q9G% + F3499:34Q9G , % R2%

"
% F3477G@ %
D37%
389
P @ & > + X) E/+ - " 2 *% > I
k )
348S!
383
) V@ + > # I@ P < % T

# " >
) 3487!@ 8%Yk
%@ ;, Z V"
@ P>
I @ F3463G%
38D
+ > ) V% ( #>*% > I I > T% $
> $ # 34S5!@ > 33%
"
< @ F34S4G@ % 356:345
388
) V@ + >% (2 # $ %* H F34Q3G@
%@ % % s<% - ,

A

<
34S7
+ ->%
66 B ; @ &

#
' -
3
,
@ < @ % - "#

0<
,

@ AE
@ &
$
0 >

"# ) -

L
- P>

A (

<. . *%

0 A

,
C

C
A A@ @
< @ A
% < >.

< @ >

,
AE

h . 0
@ A
E
>

, @ @ ,
<=
A

=< @

38S
%
38Q
$ % $% - F
G
3435! G
-. #

: ' % - ,

??@
A
' @ > @ @

( * F G

%
- >
( *
' @

'
, F
( 0@
386

<
2% % P>
34D4! %
-

'

@

,

=
. , , :

@
<
<

E
/

/ %
-
@ ]% + > 345D! ><

"# @

) V I < F / 3487!
385 @ A
<
@

( < 0* L '

A , '

' ,.
<
@ < ( *@
A
<

'
< F(
38S
- @ % T
% ' "

+ - @ F3447G@ % 68
38Q
- @ > $ % (

> 2
,
*% > $
I
" - #
+ %
"
>@ F34D9G%
386
- @ % T
% ' "

+ - @ F3447G@ % 63
385
) V@ + > # I@ P < % T

# " >
) 3487!@ 8%Yk
%@ ;, Z V"
@ P>
I @ F3463G%
B ; @ & 65

> A

%%%* < < "# G%
- <= , 0 ( * <
, <
,
A @ ,0

@

A P>
v,

v@

, % -

<

.

' @
( *@ 0
=

, @

@

@ 

< <=

, 0 ,

% # A

><
@ < = L

"# +
G

"

C <G

: 0 :',@

<= ,
@
A

C G
. < C
G

" > A

, @ @ @ @ %

@ > A
A
0

"#

J

K
A
" ,@ @ <

%
$
<, A "#

- @ <

,

@

% >> @ "# >
<
A , '
% $
>
> @ = @ A "#
< <=

L A <
< <

+
--%TT%@ 0

' @ <

>
< %
% I% VV
A "# < >
'
@
A
< <
A

<

L =@ A
,
A ,
A ,

% # "# h

A >

h@
'
" A

' =@ < A <

% - @

"# , <@

A
@
@ ><

' A <
0% (

h< % $% - (2
*

F /
387
F 3488! @

,
+
34D7D$
< >. %
67 B ; @ &
#
' -
3
-
, >

' @ > A
A@ @ "#
< h

<
- h A ' J K A@
0@

A< ,< , % - >>
A
"#
' > : h A,@

,@
"#
J '

384

K h >
,

%

A L >

A
;X + @

L <
A , @
' , ' @ @
% + L @ @ ,

A
@ >< @

@
,
< A % L @

,<


A L <% <@ @ @ ,@ E

=

= @

@ @

@

% T

, A ' A@
;X + >
@ L @ <,,
L

,

E
%
A "# A

0
A <. 0

% - "# ><

<
@
@ > E
3S9

!
,
%
- E

@ --%TT%
- %
# <, A "#
-
-
#% # "# $
@ < > @ <

' >@

<

- % >> @ L
A "#

@ A >

, %
0@ - @

<
@
387
- @ %$% >
> T + "
>
-
%
" <

<
%@ 348S!%
384
- @ % T
% ' "

+ - @ F3447G@ % 66
3S9
- @ % T
% ' "

+ - @ F3447G@ % 66
B ; @ & 64

A "# < 0 % Z

>

A -
A =
0 >
> A < '
< % #

@ @ A =
"# A
, ' <
@
@ "#
<
=
2% % P>
@ A >. <

% # = @
,

P>
@ <

A ,

<= ,
A ' ,

A@

"# ) >> @ >
2% %
P>
A 0 A A @
. , F G
=@ A A

<= %
#$2 ;. <$=""-$=/=>?

#$2$ ;. <$=""-$=/=>?

E @ -
V , ,

' @ ,
'
% #
"

0 @
>
0%
-
V
34D8 ,
' V>
X >@ 2 2, $
T,

V <
>%
@ % @ -% ) > I% )=@
,
% <

.

3488 ;, Z V% @ 34Q9

2 V %
- , <@ #@
;, Z V% $
, " .
. @

% j F3499:3484G@

<
C < , " H!
= 33@ 3486!@ s > %
H
,

2 @ I )=@ =

@

<= ,
@

@

; .> F P
) >@
G@ =
0@

$. 3434@ A ><

><
h F
34D7!@ ><
>.

T,

V h A >
<=

><

@ < ,
@

, F34DQ 3488G% +
.
3488@

@ , <= 2

V % +

2 ;, Z V@ F

--%TT%@G

(<, *
<= A <<

# ( 9 &
2 % L <

A <
@ <
3436@ 34DQ@ <

59 B ; @ &

3S3
34D7 % - 34S9
. #@ )= > '@

<
. , .
>

> =
-E@
< --%TT%@
< A A ,
= #@
S7 E -E@

A,
A
--%TT%@ ><
A

A , ,

.%
<=

@
@ @ @

% -
0

A ,

> @ A @
> @ .
@ A ,

>
@
>> @ . % # A

0 % @

@ 0
< 0 @
' A
%
)= <

>

0 AE
<
,.
0%
V>@ A
2
2, $
F
' @
;, Z VG@
= % , @
V>@ 0

F
L ,
<G@ ' < )

', ' % - 0
<

)= !
3SD
. 3486! @ A
< <

% )=

.

@

A

% Z
A A

) -

@

<@ > % -
A '

%
A ' # 3488@ )=

3S8
< h 2! 8 3486! D <

<@ =

# F
#
$
2 G@ A
0

,.
% 2

I) - I$
= @ A <, A

= <
?2?@ > A

C @ @ ,.

P, 2
%
<
)= A

3S3
)=@ I % fT

> ( 34D7!% 7 , % )" - P X > @% F34D7GC $>
3%3" D98:S89%
% P
$>X>@ 5 , % 3S% V " F345S:74GC > H
%
% & > H< %
" ;)@ F3455G%
3SD
)=@ I % f ] XV s >> P
.<V " $
. ] . (
s > B $ . >% 348S!C % SY
% V @ $>V% F3459G% % 5:6QC ( <

<

*
%

" @ F3458G%
3S8
)=@ I % #:IV 3486!@

P
@ V " $>V R@ F347DG%
B ; @ & 53

> $> @ A ,
<

@

@
3467@ @

%
#$2! ;. <$=""-$=/=>? )
4

' P

J
0 K
?2?% #

' @ #= ,@
3437@
A

' A
0
@ @ A

%

J

K" =
> < A ,,

@ 0

> < 0

A
> <

, @ A ,. 0

< < @

.

,% @
< .
, , < <

< <

> <

@ A
< ,

F > <

,,

G@
<
=0
@ %
-
< F

3SS
G 3497 3433@
' - E

, < " > F < A

E > <G F=. <

G% A
<

>
@ A <

F
G% # ' @
"

F @ G

< FA

G% >> @
< A ). ><

A =< <

@ A >< <

<= ,

= <= ,
@ >
>< <
A ,

><
%
A >< >>
= <= ,

A .

P, % -

A

A
,
0 C 0 < @ <
< <
A A <

@ A

%
- 34D4@ .
AA@
3SS
@ R% 2% 2 - % L" # % F3465G R% % $ < %
%

.0.
+
@

" &L@ F345QG@ ) @ #@ 345Q%
5D B ; @ &

#
' -
3
> @
% T L
, @
P
- # @ A

< <
,

@

@

A , =

,

A
%
- P $ $ , ,

' T
- $ ,
F348D:348SG%
A , ,

@ =

%
- 2 +
- $ , F348SG J K

% -
'
@ " A

, @ A
A

<=

% -
@ ' A @
@ A
.

@ ' < A
@ A A A

<= , @
A >

% @
,
<=

C , @ A $ @ J

3SQ
>K%
- 2 +
- $ ,

/ J$ A

$
A
A
@ <

@

A <
= ' % -
< A
, < < <

,

?2?@ , ' A
' > 0
' @

@ A

, <

<
, = =

, %
#$2/ ;. <$=""-$=/=>? )
6
- >L V0
' 0

??% V0 #
+ >L 3437

<LA

' @

?2?@ A A

3SQ
]:I> % $
> 2 @ 34D7:84% ) V

" #@ F3443G@ % 3D:83%
> $ @ & R ,>@ , 0 @ 0'
V L D6
<
348D% R" @ $ $< ($ " > + > P
*% ;X Z V"
%
] @ 3Y
% FD99SG@ % 7Q@ P
.V -
,
($ " > 2: > ) > )
-' , ;X
Pk $ >,*
% %% I %
"
1 $ > @ F3446G@ % DQ4:68%
B ; @ & 58

A < >@ ).@ V@ @
@ ,V@ A
T $ ,
.
V0% 2

>
' < V0
"

%

3S6
? 3494! @ V0 A

, <

%

<"
3S5
343D! @ A
<

3495 - ? ? K!! ? A 3?3 .! F#

0 L
G@

3S7
]
$ @
34D9! % > A

=
%
- 343D!@ V0

@
 ?R22@

@ ,

?R22

2 %

<
@ @

,

" ,
%
-
34D9!@ F<
34D9@ 343S 343Q@
3435 >.<
< @ 3437@

,

' G@ V0 <

A ,
,
% - < @

>> @ ,

,.

< @ L A E

346D% V0
A ,

,

@ >< >>
343D!$
>

, @ A

A
> ,

% =
><
><
3
3 !? )
3S4
+ < @
<@ 34D8!
3S6
V0@ %
0 F3496G@
I> ) $% (

V0*@
$>. F
G $
%

" $ % F3446G%
3S5
V0@ ^%

0 =^
V ^ 3433!%- XV>>

% % ,
V )%
" > >
@ F3473G@ % QS:38D%
,

%
3S7
V0@ ^% f >
P " - >> > >> R> B<

w -V( )
s > > V
] X> % )" ' @ 3436!C L
> @ )@ #%
+@ F34D9G% > > > ; ," > :> > > @
"
#@ F346DG
3S4
V0@ ^% >>
]<X " $
B< ' > V V% )" V:R@ 34D8!
5S B ; @ &

#
' -
3

' <=
V0% -

34D9!$ A

% - <@ V0

, " ,

% $
A '
h

,.
,
,.
<0 h@ <
A '

> :
% $

A V0 A J ,

3Q9

K
#
E <=
V0 34D8!@
A
V0 ' % - <= @ V0

> A , >

" %
.
<

@ 0
'

=

: '

L ,>

> % - , '
0

= <

@ A =
A

,
% -

$ A 0
< ,

@ A =
%

,>
A
< % +
% - 0 =@

V0@

= ' A % ;
=
' @ @
@

@

@
@ <

0C '
=

A.
,

3Q3
.

. >
0 > V0

A <

<= ,@ A
J
<@

<=
@

@

' @ A ,

K%
- '
V0h <

h <

A
>@

@ <
@ < =
,
@
A@ L @ J =
3Q9
V0@ ^% f >
P " - >> > >> R> B<

w -V(%
s > > V
] X> % )" ' % 3436!C >
P @ )@ #%
+@ F34D9G% > > > ; ," > :> > > @
"
#@ 346D
3Q3
$
@ P% 0% ) " @ F3475G@ % 84:SD%
B ; @ & 5Q

K
< J

3QD
>

K% # = @ ,
= A A V0
< ' =

@ J,

K@ A =< %
$

, >. < ,
@
@

0 @ A

', '
%
3Q8 3QS
V0 FL & * 3433! @ L
> 3436! G@

, 0

= A A
A =

0
<@ A
> A = , <

A > 0
A ,

@ @ > 0

A
,

A <
<=

@
% 0
'
0
' A
<<
= @
J
K% Z

=

@

@ A

% -

<

A

A

=
@ A A

A

'

%
#$22 ;. <$=""-$=/=>? )
,
&

- @

, V@

'
A
@ <@
@

@
@
@ '

@ @

A < =

% #
@
< , <

@ A
<

@
<

%

,
<

' ,

, <
A

; A

<
<< ,

0 %
3QD
V0@ % $
% ) " #@ F3474G@ % DS9
3Q8
V0@ , % $

" -% )" - >
+ %@ 3433!C V 0V@ F3439G%
3QS
V0@ % >
P " - >> > >> R> B<

-V% ;X
"
> >
@ 3436!%
56 B ; @ &

#
' -
3
#! ;. : <$=2"-$=7=>

+ > , @ A :
< , A '

??@
@
<

(
MNON 9
/ * &V < = ,% - @ ><

'

P@
&V < ><

34D6@ = <V =@ Vd ,Ve @
+ B
#@

><

<

=@ 22%G

% <
=
@
, . +> ,A 3484 , , ' >
-

T

; , -
, 34S3% - < +% ,:$

348S ,= , )@ , ,

,.
F3484:34S9G

,= --%TT%@ 34SD@

&V < A

'
%
#!$ ;. : <$=2"-$=7=>? , ,

&&

-

<
<

% @

@
.
<
&< 34S9!
3QQ
& Vd ,VeC +% ,:$ < P- 6
3Q6
34SQ! @

- + & %
3Q5 3Q7
34SQ! @ /.. 34SQ!

:# % ( B < J
3Q4
34S5!
& Vd ,Ve E %? <. 34S7!% -
,:$ < .. . 34S4!@ >
34QD!
6 34QQ!% - &A < &
3QQ
Vd ,Ve@ &% ($ V
> V

X> (% 34S9!% - Vd ,Ve@ ]

# V%
% I $>>@ V " $>V@ F3465G%
3Q6
,:$ @ +
% Jk A > K% I
3@ 3:D3% 34SQ!"
3Q5
+@ - % (% $
*% I
@ 3@ 34SQ!% % 44:3D3%
3Q7
# @ % #>
%#"
@ 34SQ!%
3Q4
Vd ,Ve@ &% fs )
>> ,V> ] > (% $
. V > > V
# V% B>" + @ F345SG" % 5:D9
B ; @ & 55

369
> 34Q8! P
) > < < . 3.
363 36D
P. 34Q8! % E 0
. 34QQ!

P &V <
# -
#

368 36S
- L ! 34Q6! @ * 34Q6!
36Q
% +% ,:$ < - 34Q7! %
#!$$ ;. : <$=2"-$=7=>? ,
&&
4
P &V < ,

@ - > - %
- 34S5 34Q9 P
) > < (+ < * , @ A
< 34Q8@
) > <=< + ;
P>>
366
$ A@ <=
. 3. P.$ 34S5! % #

A
=

<% A FA
<

G '

,
" % ) >

$ @ <@
.

A > '

=@ E
A 0 = ,> A
< <
@ A

,%
#!$! ;. : <$=2"-$=7=>? )
,
&&

' @
<

: " '

, , ' - %
'
< > A

A =

@ A
-

' > % $ < @ >
> $
( ,
,
369
@ &A% ($ P > - *% 2 & #> : 8S@ 34Q8!@ % 33:35%
363
) >@ P

%
.
c % #@ $@ 34Q8!%
36D

% % >"
, A
#
#
>x
P% #"

@ % )< >iA
2
@ 34Q4!
368
&V < @ P % (X
X > <*%
% >
" @ 34Q6!
36S
&V < @ P %
% > " @ 34Q6!%
36Q
,:$ @ +
% > % #" # @ 34Q7!%
366
2
<
P% ) > (-

* <
34Q8@ , & @ %
$ % $
+>" -
T, @ F3449G@ %78%
57 B ; @ &

#
' -
3

E - h '

h<

A

,

' % '
A
,
<@ (
*

% <

C ' < @ < > @
365
<

%*

@ 0' '

' % ,
@
. A
(

* # @ '

,
@

% @

F @ @ @ @ %G
< % $

0 J K A
< > @
% #
@ ( > >> A > @
>
, A
*% > A

A ,. > % + . <

F
G
,

' @ V % # = " <h > /
367
F346SG h
,

% Z < L . 34QQ!hA

h .

P@

#@ , F = G F !
!:)- A >< >.
<

' < @ ><
, '

@

J < K <
A , < 0 @ <
@
. '

> % -< L . 34QQ!+
“Las dificultades que presentaba la inserción de la obra en la biografía de su
autor, lejos de incitarnos a volver a los métodos filológicos y a limitarnos al texto
inmediato, habría debido empujarnos al contrario a avanzar en la primera
dirección yendo no solamente del texto al individuo, sino también de éste a los
grupos sociales de los que forma parte.” 169
<
'

> A ><
>> >
' @
E
, A '

A
,
=

%

365
$
@ P% 0% ) " @ F3475G@ % Q9
367

@ % #
% #"
@ 346S!
169
P / .% ;%/ / B)*--D $! #/ )*<- ,)
B ; @ & 54

0 % - A
L = A
" '

<

h

@

,
@ A

@ ,
< F
,

h

<h A

@ , C '
,

,
@
<@ ,.
.
,
< 0%

,

F

<
G , 0
, .

=
,

< 0 %
A

0 @

'
'@ = @ A .

= @ @

<= @
<

<
@
@

, , < @ A A

%

< , "

@
A

%

' @ > A <
359
: > F 2 34Q4! C
353
G. .6 PQ @ 3459! G% $ <
- # % > A
h h A

% # @

, .
, L ,

, %
, @

@ % - ,
0 <

C ' , A

@ =

% -

A >

@ A A <

%
#!! ;. : <$=2"-$=7=>? ,

359
>@ % (+

H,
*% '% # 222" ; 2, %
% )% )X % ;X
Z V" #@ F346DG%
353
>@ % J2

A
kj K% #@ 3Q3% &% 3459!C % J > >"
,
'
, K 3453!C (
#> >@
> -*%
%@
)% )X %

" ;X ) V@ 3453!C % # % #" j
$ @ F3456G% % 57:385%
79 B ; @ &

#
' -
3

)@ T,

$ < @ #@
A @ 0 , @ @
- @

" -

$ < , A '
@ A
',

@ 0 %
' @ A

A <
,< <
= L%
A
, (

0 *

'

A A ,%
(
, * A

@

,
.
%
B <= ,
,
.
'
A '

. % -
, @
@
@

,
.

A A

<
<%
L $ .@
@ 0 @
.
@ + ) E @ %@

= A

0
$ . .

.
@

A , .

'

B '
<@
. %
- -E@

@ 0 @ P @

% " + ) E
0. + %
- -E
- , A
&<

% - 0

, - " J

A
@ A > 0 K%
#
,

- @
><

< "

B : C ,
, C

A ,
, " @
' %
$ A

"

A
'
<= ,

A ' <= , <= ,.
,
<
< ' C

@ A
, A

' A
B ; @ & 73

A, C A 0

% , >

@ ' A 0

,

' A
,
' B

@ 0 ' % = <

<

' " :B F @ @
@ %G

F @
@ %G%
T 0
< L

@ A > A
A
E
' E

%
#!!$ ;. : <$=2"-$=7=> ,

<%

4>
: <

- -

- F
G@ @ E

-

)@
#
<=
<=

] R ` A

0 T,

>% $

) A

. B @ @ A
-

%

A >

, C
@ < @

'
F G@ A ,

:L @ '@

A

'

%

-
] R ` FL
35D 358
/ & 34D8! @ " R 34D7! G@
35S

$ . F + & 34S7! @
35Q
S C - % G 34S4!
355
356 G@ .
F ! S 34S7! C
35D
R `@ ]%
=%

" P-%@ 34D8! P% ) "
@ F34Q5G%
358
R `@ ]% (;
I *% I % s X
S%334D7!@ %348:D9S%
35S
$ .@ %
" - $ % # " # T, #@ 34S7!C B
> %

"
@ F347DG%
35Q
$ .@ % - E % ) " + @ F3479G
356
$ .@ % >
2 % ; > @ %" $ > + @ 34S4!
355
.
@ % -
< E % 34S7!%

"
@ F3467G
7D B ; @ &

#
' -
3
357
34Q5! G% H -> <>@ F/
354 379
R 34QD!@ % ) % 34S6! G A
0
A $ .@ < <=< AE @
0
@
@
% T
=

, < % 34S6!@

<> . >
P @

# @ .

<

, >
@ %
# =
, ^<hR ` )

h
$

@ <

@

'
% -

' .

<

A
@

< ,

% >

R @
<
@
, .
+ @ < < < '

@ L ,

J

373

,
.
K%
# @ < =
>@ <

A - F
> <@
< G ' @
< =
>@ A
' ,,
%
@ -

< ,
F J KG

@
@ ' A >< ,
%

$

$ .@

%

,
<

A

J L . K

,

<% -

@
, <

.< , B % # ,. ,

@
0

,
' @
<

>

% -
@
< A

< , B

@

A 0

A
, @ ' :

' A
%

,
$ .
,

'
357
.
@ % -

34Q5!% ) " # @ F345QG%
354
<>@ ->% (#>
I *% - I % )" V@ 34QD!@ % 84:Q9%
379
<>@ ->% %

% 34S6!% ' " +-%@ F34Q5G
373
# . Z, @ &% Y%
= %

" +0
@ F344DG@ % D3%
B ; @ & 78

,,
% Z@ $ .@
-

. <
@

' A

%

- ,

,
< 0
<
@
@
A A , < A

,
% #
- @
,

0 ,

A

@ @

@ A A
< % #

- J ,K
+> ) ,

J'

. =
, , K

A@

h 0
,
L
0 h@ ' E

A , <

-

' ,, A = L A >
=
=
<%

@

< <

,,

A , =
>
A -

0
)

37D
+ % -
@ < " J

,

@
378

K .
@

- '
0

% j
,
- @ A ><

0 @ ,
@ )
+ @ ] R `
37S
A
& < J L ,
<
,<K
- / S ) . 34Q9!@ '

0

"
“A ambos lados de la obra literaria hay dos intuiciones: la del autor y la del
lector. La obra es registro, misterioso depósito de la primera, y dormido
despertador de la segunda. La obra supone esas dos intuiciones, y no es
perfecta sin ellas. Exagerando la dirección de nuestro concepto, diríamos que la
obra principia sólo en el momento en que suscita la intuición del lector, porque
sólo entonces comienza a ser operante. El primer conocimiento de la obra
poética es, pues, el del lector, y consiste en una intuición totalizadora, que,
iluminada por la lectura, viene como a reproducir la intuición totalizadora que dio
origen a la obra misma, es decir, la de su autor. Este conocimiento intuitivo que
adquiere el lector de una obra literaria es inmediato, y tanto más puro cuanto
menos elementos extraños se hayan interpuesto entre ambas intuiciones.” 185
37D
+ @ )
% -
' B % 349D!% ) " ;, R @ F3458G%
378
@ 0 % # E % -

%

"
@ F3456G@ % 847
37S
#. @ &% % %

@" $ @ F3448G@ % QSC
RE #A@ ,
@
@
) " @ 3444!@ % 843%
185
; 5 # Q # # :! P )*=+ G<
7S B ; @ &

#
' -
3
- <@ 0

@ 0

A J
L A
, , 0 >
<

0
AK% - >>
A = =

<

@

@

@ A .

- % O - << <= ,
A

@ < ><

@ < ><

< % +
0
$ . <

0 ' ,
< A 0

<
< % +

,
< ' @

%
-
A

< < 0

0

% - A.0 > A
"# @ A

- @ <

! $

>@ 0 A ,

< % IV
I

"#
+ ( A ' ,
,
<

%%%! - ' C 0@

@
376
@ >
,

> A* %
] R `

<0
- @

@ , $ . A@
E , @

,
% R ` ,< <

<
A
<
<LA

@
@
<LA

% <
$

@

,

% $ .@ < @ >.

,
,

% -

<=
$ . " %
#

B

'
A

, @ F
, " , < @
0
@ %GC
A %
+ ,

A < '

@

, ,,
@ @
@

C

34Q9
.

@

J K@ (> *"
,

@

,

@
, @

% + A
<
375
=

$>>
>C @

376
IV@ P I@ %
)

"
@ F34Q4G% % 4D@ 46
375
$ .@ % - E % ) @ + @ F3467G@ % SS%
B ; @ & 7Q

A > @ -

@ A
<
0 , @ @ $ . <

"# @
A
< < % E @ $ . , >
<= ,

@ > @ A
A , ,,

0
<% $ < @ .
,

@
"
377
, < 0 , % - 34Q9 $ .@
# & $ <V <

@
P
@ > & > V T, @
) % # ,
$ .@

<= , A <

<= , % -

$ .

@

@ @
L @ << , A@ <, @

,

<

<

%
#!!! ;. : <$=2"-$=7=>? ,

,
.L
- E

$

%
374
0 F . 348Q! @ /
349
S ) . 34Q9! @
F%
343
34QQ! G%
- E
A -
B
$ , > @ <
@
: 0 @
0 @ @ A -
E @
@

@ @
,
@

" @ @ =

F
G%
377
RE #A@ %
?? % ) " @ FD99DG% % 84D:848%
374
@ 0 %
% #% 2 % = ??
P%%-%@

" @ 348Q!@ % 74 %C

@ P,
-E % P% H< @ R% @

@
@ F3457G%
349
@ 0 % # E % -

%

"
@ 34Q9!%
343
@
% %

"
@ 34QQ!%
76 B ; @ &

#
' -
3
#!/ ;. : <$=2"-$=7=>

.4
+ ,
34Q7 T,

2
@ < (-

=0 <= ,
, < A
0
@ &V < ,
34D
9 /. % 34Q7! % &V < E

A
'

@
A > A = ,<

<
% -'

,< "

A
, ,

=
B " C > C
) &V < ><
A

E

34D3@ @ +
B
#
34D4 < ><
C 3486@

&V < @ Vd ,Ve

% - E
A

348
)B> F& + L L < & 348S! @ L
34S
&< & 3486! G 0" *? C
% 9 C /. ) )B> ><
@ 3437@
@

34Q
(
)B>* + @

A =

>
% -
8
@& : '" (-

@

,<

@ 0 ,.@ > A
346
. @ <= < F3437G @ A . < J

= > " @ K%
345
" ' @ * ,
F <
< G@ A . =
<= ,@

=C
', , A . = @
34D
&V < @ P % (+ "
# * % % $< V@
% $ % +<
" 2 #@
F3469G%
348
)B>@ ]% $> > " V
$>% &" , > R@ 348S!% > %
> P %
%

X%
:#>
>" & > )=@ F3449G%
y
=%
%@ &0 y%

" P,
H
@ F34Q9G%
34S
)B>@ ]% f $ V

$>(% 3486!% ,'
A
#@ 6@ F3486G@ % 8:3D%
34Q
+ @ - % 2
B % ' " T,

;
' @ 2
2,
% #<
+
B 0@ F3478G@ % 54
346
)B>@ ]% f] >
>
$ .* F3437G@
#

=% P,
H
@ F34Q9G@ % 7%
345
)B>@ ]%
=%
% &0 % P,
H
@ F34Q9G@ % S3%
B ; @ & 75

C , ,
A . =
@

" @ <

, , 0

@

= <= A % ', ,

= %

%
-

= A

] )B>% $L @ A ><@
>< g c@
'
A C A gEc A , > C
< @ A A
' A ><% -
F
G@
F G f ( F <
A ><G%
&V < A

%

<0

,<@
&V < @ "
< % - ><
< <

% > <
@ <

% -
" <

>

@ ,
< @ <

L
% -
=

=
<

<
$
, F G 0 F G%
#!2 ;. : <$=2"-$=7=>?

'
&
$
A ( '

K*
,.

)
h

A + @

# , @ E ( *h
@ <

(
*% #
'

,

>" (
*

% ;

<

A <

@ A

A L ,

%
@ @ '
= ,
0<
" @ @
@
@ < @ @ %

. A

, F
@ @ @ %G A

= % $
=@ '@

<

% # @

A

>@
@ A ,

%

,
@ >>
<
@
> A , 0

:

,

@

.
A

%
77 B ; @ &

#
' -
3
347
)=
(
* ( *
A
,
C L A

%

@ @
A
C
( 0
,

=
,
*% T

A +
A <

A 0

< @
> %

@ @ @ % $

% +
P < - @

C $

< <

@

F
344

' G%
-
,

,

@ ,. A
< A

% 0
0

' % $L IV I@

:

@ 0

<
A , , A

<= ,@ A ( A *@ (
< *

@ @
D99
'

% ' h
,

IV Ih , < @

@

@ >

% IV
I
A
' @ < > A

.

A > A

A
< 0

@

= % -
@
' A @ ??@ ' :

%
#!2$ ;. : <$=2"-$=7=>? )
4
+ $ @

,. @ A

=

> ><

' %
- 0<
@

A :
@ >
< '

% -

A
347
IV@ P I@
)

"
% F34Q4G@ % 33D:33S
344
- @ P < % $
% ) " -
@ F347QG% % 35
D99
IV@ P I@ %
)

"
@ F34Q4G@ % 338%
B ; @ & 74

,

,

< =.< L %
- 34Q8 $
<
34QS < 22 +
-
$ , @ A 0
< <

J K@ A 0 A
< @ >< A ><

@ '

h
,

, F
@

G

F
@
Gh@
>
A
<= ,

@ =

0

@

@ A

,

, %
<
'

@

<% ;

' < " % ' 0
. A
0 '

< % -
@
<
0 0
,<
'

< A C

%
$ <@
A

$

@ +

:

<= A .<
0
+
@ A

T $ ,

@ A@
@ <=
=

' , %
#!2! ;. : <$=2"-$=7=>?

- 2
2, $ A

-

D93
V < <
V> - % 34S3! @ L <<
D9D
-< 34SS!
>% I%
V>% -

@

)= 34S9@ >%

,,
<
)=% - 34Q9 . <

)=@

B J "3
D98
MTNOMNUU @B - MNUU:)
#!7 ;. : <$=2"-$=7=>? 0 ( $=7"-$==2

D93
V>@ '%
+ % V " s > B $ . >@ F34S3 $ D49:89SG 34S3!%
D9D

@ >
' V>% V V
V@ 34SS!% P% -> % ;X Z V"
+ @ F3448G%
D98
)=@ I % f) ]
> ;.>>
(% V " # $>V R% F34Q9G% P<%
$> @ < , >
I%

@ XV ,
> #
.@ V "
# $>V RC F34QQG%
49 B ; @ &

#
' -
3
#0 @ = $ ' $0

A <

= +> *

D9S
& 3487! % $0

'
@ $ '
A @
#0
A @ @
'
%
+

,
A ,

#0 ,
D9Q
@ # < % 34Q5! @ A

, %
A

< F G
, ,

A >< A <
,

A % -
@ ( , J K *@ =

<

<

( V* A ><
A <
%
- @
' 0 @

@
, , F =

G

<
A < A
<

%
,
A A ><

A < C

< A < (* % #
A A < (*
,
A >< A
C
0@ (X> V X <
%%%! X
, >

>
D96
%*
#!# ;. : <$=2"-$=7=>?

#!#$ ;. : <$=2"-$=7=>?
4
$
A

>
= ??
, < 0 R I
D95
F ! 34D4! % $ < @ >>

A 0
: @ @ < >
@
<
+
D9S
@ +>%
> > $% +> " T, +> #@ 3487!
D9Q
@ % #% (*% #> > P,X@ 66@ 34Q5!@ % 855:877%
D96
@ % #% (*% #> > P,X@ 66@ 34Q5!@ % 873%
D95
I @ R% P Hc HX%
" > #@ 34D4!%
B ; @ & 43

%
- , & GGG 34S4!
$
),
D97
<
& & A E P% $
@ (
D94

*% ), @ A

@
@ 0 A @ % - <
,
A
A
=% E

< @
<

, <
=% $ A

@
A =@ A % - > A

,
A

% A A = A

@ @ ), >.

.

=%
-
0 E >> , A =@
< ' % $ < @

0 A '@

, > @
@
=@ , =

@
A , E 0
@
,

#@ .
%
#!@ ;. : <$=2"-$=7=>? 0

#!@$ ;. : <$=2"-$=7=>? 0
,
&

-
;, Z V@ -

I
<
R
D39

B# 34S3!
,

<@ @

% @ <

;, Z V@

@ >.@ < @

,

% R ,

A
0 >
,

>@
E

%
A
2
;, Z V@
I @

A <<

"

@ ,.@ =

%
#!@! ;. : <$=2"-$=7=>? 0

- 0 <
;, + >
A
<

% $ @
P>
+>@ @ #> I>X> @
@ @
D97
), @ $
% > $
$'%
% %% #>% ;X Z V"
% ] @ F34QDG
D94
$
@ P% 0% ) " % F3475G@ % 3Q8
D39
I @ -

% > I

> ) X" $, $
% +<
@ " P,
#@ 34S3!%
4D B ; @ &

#
' -
3

; > A 0
@
0 < , A@ A ,

=.

E >

@ ,
>

E 79%

A ,
@ < >

0 < @

< >

@

> L
< % ,

D33
@ $ & . <

'

B

0 < > % # A =

, . @
@ $

@ +
, &% = @ A >

>

0 A A =

>

,
> < =% - A @
A

< , @
E

,

,
%

A A
@ <

L
@
@ =@
0% A <
@

@ 0 ,
>

< % #
A

, @
%
@
< A @
< ,

E

0

< A@
@ <, % -
A A
% <

A
. . % -

<

A < L -
" F3469G" = @
'
> '

=
, %! L<

, <! *
V X%
- ; > A = >

A % + ,
@

D3D
< 0
@ - 34Q5! @
A
<@
0

@ ' @

<

, A % +

, <

A L

% < ,

@
0 @ A
@
;, + @
'
,

=
<

% -
@

D33
.@ $ & % >
< >% 34DD!% ;% Z V" @ F34SDG%
% -.< >
2% + %

%

+ - @ ' %%" -
'@ F8Y
%G F34Q6G%
D3D
@ ; > % + % # " T, # #@ 34Q5!%
B ; @ & 48

<= ,

A A
< @ , 0
%
-
0
< A
<
@ ;, + @ =
, < '
% >> @ @ >

(
,
D38
>A > ' > ' * %

@

< ,

A

'

> @
<

< 0
%
#/ ;. ? <$=#"-$=#=>
#/$ ;. <$=#"-$=#=> ,

#/$$ ;. <$=#"-$=#=>? ,

B
,
&

:

- ,
B
; +> V% # - , @
A
.

% - , <
<

,
A
,

@
> A <
A >< >.
A ' A
=
@ @ >< A
0
" , A F A
D3S
>. @ = @ $ P% , 346D!

><<
=
A A,
0 A, 0 G% -
, @ 0 A 0

L
@ < 0
'
%
#/$! ;. <$=#"-$=#=>? )

#/$/ ;. <$=#"-$=#=>?

D3Q

< < " L << 3466! L

D38
@ ; > % + % # " T, # #@ F34Q5G@ % D7
D3S
,@ $ P% % " @ 346D! - B %

"
+0
@ F345SG:
D3Q

@ >
I % ; , V V% V " $>V@ F3466G%
4S B ; @ &

#
' -
3
D36
<
)=% <
-
F3459G @
D35 D37
G 3463! @ F
3455! @ >
D34 DD9 DD3
3457! @ % <
! F3479G @
- /8 F3444G % -

@ A
' ,
@
@ @
@ @

> @ <
0%

)= @ > @

@
,

F G @

?2? ??% #
> .

=@ @
>
0 % - <
> @

0
( *
<
, \ ' @
>

<
%
-

<=

(
+ * F A
@ @ , < C
@ > @
< , @ = @ %G% -
0

,

,

,

< % -
0

@ '
DDD

% # A
,
=
, @
, A A % # @

,
,
A =

,
A ' < =
, % -
,@ , "

%
D36

@ >
I % ( > > > *% $> R22% V " $>V F3459G
D35
)=@ I % 2 % Xa> $> @ )
% 3%
% $
T
% V " $>V R@
><> 8SQ@ 3463!
D37
)=@ I % fT

> (% $> %
% P

$>X>a@ 5 , % 3S% V @ $>V R@ 345S!% > H F3455GC
"
R ) V@ F347QG%
D34
)=@ I % P " -@ > @ < > I %
% .@ # %
%@ &> @ -

% ;X
Z V"
P X@ F3457G
DD9
)=@ I % V <>% >% % % , $ >% V " $>V R@ 3479!% X
@ % P% $< >@
% < % $ >@ # < % $> @ +<
@ %" ,
T, #@ 3476!%
DD3
I )=@ >
# = %
% X
-
1 ], >@ +<
@ > 1
@
-
" )V # ,
T, #@ F3444G%
DDD
$
@ P% 0% ) " @ F3475G@ % SQ%
B ; @ & 4Q

'
V >.< =

,
@ <
A
, @ ,
A <, A

=

,
< F
0
G% @
% V0@

< ,
%

A .
>. @ ,
@

<

,
% +
V0
A <

@ <
h )% )> h

A L

. % @

<? 6 " (-

A

0

$ A '
,

A A
,

%%%! A
<

" A

<@ A
<= ,
A

DD8
A

<= ,*% - <
0'
<
-
V ' @

, h
" =

<

hA < A , < @ = 0

@
= =
< L

% $
=
,

,
h

@ @
@ (

DDS
* h@ <, A

=

@

@

>

%

=

<= , <= @

A , < @ A 0

0
8

< .
% -

,

,

@
" , % T
@

,

@
A <
,
, ( L '

DDQ

* A@ =0

@
A , , J
,

%
DD8

@ >
I % (V0 A,
*% # < % ) " ) @ F347DG@
%63:6D%
DDS

@ >
I % (V0 A,
*% # < % ) " ) @ F347DG@ %
QQ%
DDQ

@ >
I % (V0 A,
*% # < % ) " ) @ F347DG@ %
Q6%
46 B ; @ &

#
' -
3

@ # )B E

<

A

,

% A > A
@

)B@ A , >
,
>

DD6

%
#/$2 ;. <$=#"-$=#=>? )
,
&&

DD5
# > F/ . . 3466! G <

' '
<

% - '
hh
, < @
<
@ 0

' @ A

@ A @ A % -

A '
@ A A, A
< < <C A >

<
>

, A
%
#/! ;. <$=#"-$=#=>? ,

&&

#/!$ ;. <$=#"-$=#=>? ,
&&
4
.

@ < & +
DD7
/ 3469!
&V < @ <= =
DD4
+% ,:$ FJ V B 346D! A .

,
% E @
D89
&V < < 6 .. 3468! P
) > < &
D83
> 3468! A

-

,:$ @

,.

,
F
=
PG@ ><
=@ .0

<@

A % - E @ #% # >

% #" @ 3466!C ( > #
*%
% %
I%
" P
@ F3457G%
DD7
&V < @ P % (
# *% $ % > % $< V% F
%G +<
" 2 #@ 3469!%
DD4
,:$ @ +
&V < @ P % J +> K
+> )
% #" c @ 22 346D!
D89
&V < @ P % -
A % #" -

@ 3468!%
D83
) >@ P
%
% $ P% #" # @ $@ 3468!%
D8D
) >@ P% Jk , K% - + A% #" j

$@ 346S!%
B ; @ & 45

. <= <= @

,,

A <
<= %
D88
E < Q. . 346S!
,

$
A

=
<

@ E@ < @ A A
B %
<

,
B @
A

< . =@ < ,

@ @ 0 @ B
@ '

% +
,:$ <
D8S
%6 346S! @

(

<

>

*@ A
@ <
- "
<

A
0 >@ %
T E 0
@ P
#
@
$ < @
D8Q
P@ < " 6 7 346Q!

P
) >@ 0

@ <= ,
0 @

D86
<

@ ,
< & > 3468! ) ) >
D85

6 .. 3466! <

, % - E <
G 5 P . 3466! A

0
0
%
- 6 .. 3466!" ( B

, A

@ A
D87

'
%* >
, ,

B
A @ A B <

0 <

'

% ) >@
A

>

-
.
0 =@
D84
> P 3465! @ =

& W
3465!@ % E < ; 3467!@ A ,

D88
) >@ P

% J-
K% + S@346S!%
D8S
,:$ @ +
% > A " + % #" # @ 346S!%
D8Q
#
@ P
% ; , A , N% #" &% &% #, @ % J< K% 346Q!%
D86
) >@ P
%
% $ P% #" # @ $@ 3468!%
D85
) >@ P
% + A , $ #" $ F % OG@ 3466!%
D87
) >@ P

% + R

%

" $ ??2@ F345DG@ % 69
47 B ; @ &

#
' -
3
0
& 3
).@

$ A = A ><
" =
=
' ,
@ , .

@ % - P .+ -
DS9
k MUMM 3464! @ ) >

0
@ ,.
<
, << %
DS3
> <

+,. 3463! @ ;
A
DSD DS8 DSS
3468! @ +> 3466! @ Ok : Ak N 3464!
DSQ
>
, 3464! %
#/!! ;. <$=#"-$=#=>? , ,
&&

+

:
DS6

- > @
3489

-
#@

34D4 3469%
" (-
>
?? << E @
0

% - @
@

A B

>

@
@
% -

@ F
@
G
,
C @
DS5
< @ > .
%%%! 3466:3465%* Z @ A
<
,.

<

0 @

H

A >

D84
) >@ P

% J

k> K% $ $ 2 @ 6"S@ 5D/5Q% 3465!%
DS9
) >@ P
% Jk
%
k 39:33K% 3464!) -' A% #" j

$@ F3453G%
DS3
@ >%

+,. " 2 > P % 3463!
% P>
X
% ;X Z V"
R ) V@ 2%@ F3477G%
DSD
@ >% ;
A" >

% #" # @ 3468!%
DS8
@ >% +> % T >
>% #"
% 3466!%
DSS
@ >% J Ok : Ak N K% #" )
$ u
> >C , ?2R@ 3464!@ %
58:39S%
DSQ
@ >% >
, % #"
@ 3464!
DS6
@ bV I% - "

# 34D7:34S6% ' " $ R % 3Y
%@
F3477G@ % Q8
DS5
@ bV I% - "

# 34D7:34S6% ' " $ R % 3Y
%@
F3477G% % 35
B ; @ & 44

, <

- F G% >> @

&V < ' JB # K F34Q7G
<
3469%
&V < E
,
@ A@

@ < <

A
><

+ B
L

#% - &V < >< ><

34D3@
) - 34Q7@ &V <

F

G < % -
, &V < @
A = = , A < A

34D7@

-
, 0

- % < 0 ,

,
,

&V < 0 A >. @ = +% ,:$ @

$
)
346D!
0

- > & Vd ,Ve@ <
A +

:

-

3469 3464 L B X *<
DS7
& 3487!F3465G @ L &< - <
DS4 DQ9
# 34S9!F3465G J 3 Y <. < 34S4!F3465G %
Vd ,Ve

-
, A
,
0
="
F<

A

G
F

E @ ,

=

<G% ; ' E A + B
#

% -

@ -
,
@

"
A
E

% -

-
#@ A -
0 @
A

,
%
0@
Vd ,Ve
, A
<

@ <
<
A
A
% -

@ Vd ,Ve

@

,

% #

" 0
<=
@
DS7
Vd ,Ve@ &% > )

a > > V
$> 3487!%
% I $>>@
V " $>V% F3465G@ % SS:QQ%
%
J A > A
K J] .
zV VK@
222%@ $, <
@ #>@ 34S4!%
DS4
Vd ,Ve@ &% ( $ V
> V

X> ( 34S9!@ Vd ,Ve% ]

# V%
% I $>>@ V " # $>V% F3465G% % 5:QQ%
%
($ V , ,
,
*%
DQ9
Vd ,Ve@ &% ]
# V% 34S4!%
% I $>>@ V " $>V% F3465G@ % SS:QQ%

%
J A > A
K J] . zV VK@
222%@ $, <
@ #>@
34S4!%
399 B ; @ &

#
' -
3
A
E % -
@
Vd ,Ve
A .
F > < ><
A G@
A
A

> , , % # Vd ,Ve@ #

$ 0 A
B % $ @ > A A

< @ A @

0
' @ ' % -
@ - > @
, ' @
< A

A - B <=

@

,
F ><G@ <=

A < @

% Vd ,Ve
, 0
0 <=

@ A
< ' @

% -
@ Vd ,Ve

< ,< <

%
# Vd ,Ve@

,
< FA
< G <=
0 @ A
<
%
@

- @ A < < @

0
%
,
A <

@ @
>
,

% -
>.
<
0 0 0 % -
><
=

<@

F

@
GC
< @ > @ $ @
0 0 A ,
@ A
A %
#// ;. <$=#"-$=#=>? 0 (

+

,
# < > +
DQ3 DQD
> # 3463! @
+ , 3465! @ T k @
DQ8
$ :@
I
: 3467! T k
2 3464!
DQS @ 0

,<

DQ3
@ % #% (> + > # *% #
> $ @ $ , 8Q% 3463!%
DQD
@ % #%
+ , FI & @ ,
T, G% 3465! F G%
DQ8
@ % #% (T k @ $ :@
I
:*%
@ S@ 3467!@ % DDQ:DSD%
DQS
@ % #% (T k
2 *% #> > P,X@ 67@ 3464!% % 3S5:355%
B ; @ & 393

>< >

0 <
>
,

% $ 0

><

,
, %

><
DQQ

@ >% %
#//$ ;. <$=#"-$=#=>?

-
T

;
,
)>% - @ <
L
DQ6
> 3467!%
-

B

, #0

>< %
$

A
<
< '

A

=
0 A A
DQ5
% - # L
# R F346DG @

, F
A

,

G
, F @
,
G%
P.

C <

><% H < / / 3463!
DQ7 DQ4
F3454G & & ! 346D!F346SG C
< >

<

%
#/2 ;. <$=#"-$=#=>? '

A >

,
$ F

hE

346D@
< g 0 c g ch $ F

: G@ <

($ *@ A A >. 2 $ $
3464%
+ < < <0

F G
- @ < E

DQQ
>@ -% % (> %* ;X 8 F3453:5DG" DSQ:63% P% >
2 % +> " T, +> #@ F3456GC (

> %*
% ' P
.
P
.% -
% & . + % %

" \< @ F3445G% % 385:3Q7%
DQ6

@ ; % > P % ;X Z V" H'
T#@ 3467!%
DQ5
@ & > >X% X > X > I
% +<
" ,
T, #@ 346D!
DQ7
@ & > >X% #> > #% -
% &% H% T
% &% I V% 8Y
% H'
" H'
T, #@
F3454G%
DQ4
@ & > >X $
$<% P

< % &% I V% ;X Z V" H'
T, #@ F346SG%
39D B ; @ &

#
' -
3
,@ A A > $ %

@ #

> 0 @
A
,

,

% $

,
A
,

>

, 0< A <

@
@

A ," @ FA A <
- G@ = A ,
'
:> A

A

B

@ $ @ A

@

%

0@ $
B % $ <=

< F <=

- G

@ A % A $

% - .
@ <=

A
> <%
#/2$ ;. <$=#"-$=#=>? ' 4
3469@ - T $ , , .

B A <=<

D69

- E A .< @
@
'
@

% $ ,
@ $ , @

$ A

A

>% T ,
: <
L@ 346D ($ <

* <
2

-
-,

+
L@
$

B % 2 <

2, ,@ ,@ P,.@ % + < < 2

-
-, &= @ A ,, @
- % - 346S . -
R T,

@
,

< A
-
@

@ B @ 0
% - ,
-

@ @

> :

,
< )= % A ><
-
: L
A
0
L
346D
346S T,

%
D63
<
# - 346S! @
D6D
$ -
%

?? " - @ ' @ -

@ $ %

" + >
% F347SG@ % Q6%
B ; @ & 398

< ,
A
% 2
= <

.V , F<= <
G@

D68
,

L: %
#/7 ;. <$=#"-$=#=>? 5' * '

?? ,
,

P 0@ A

A@

' @ ,

@

A ,

"
B

0%

>

E
@ A > ,

A

<

D6S

%

P <

> ,

<
0 0 @

@ @

,@ @
A @
%
- ,
P

, " P
@ P
<

@ P
0 ' %
- ?? 0

,

P
) >@ P &V < F B G@ .,
,@

@ @ 0@ @

A

P % -
<
<
. ; ) .6
D6Q
34Q7!
+> # H<> : %
-
<
<

,
D63
@ &= % ({|}~~| ~~ ~| |~ }* |!% |} ~ }~ ~}|% 346S!C
) X T $, P Q% # ,
" ) X T#@ F3468G% % 38:S8C FV V k V" R,
@ V>@

> % I@ ) X T, $, P @ Q% # ,
@ P>
2
" ) X T, #@ F3467G%
D6D
@ &= % ($ @ -
% ) " ;, R @ 3459@ 395:3D8%
D68
V @ ) X% J$ > > X V > : X K%
% E
]V ]
=a,%

> <=

: L FD996G%
> "\\XXX%%\r\- ' \ 5\.V %>
D6S
% <
= @ % +> P @ -%
P $. F
%G% (P > *% \+ @ Q%

" R<@ F3447G% %7
D6Q
#@ +> H<> : @ % ; , P> A"
c @ #" #T@ F34Q7GC 8Y
%@
)" #
cT,
)'@ F3456G%
39S B ; @ &

#
' -
3
;, P ; =

= , g,c
= :@
A

A
% # . Z,

" (
= , @

< @

.

*@

A (
= < A

= ,
@

A

, @ < @

D66
,=
*% - ' <.

-

)%
-

hA <

=
h
>

0
<

@

A

- @
=% + @
<

, E @
@ A A <
A,
;

@ 0 L@ @ >
,
0
0 % - 0 ,

@ A
,

P @ ,

D65
> 3459!

=@ < A @ @
, @ '

%

A

< >

P %
T

; >

A , 0 ><
,

% - @ ,.@
P
D67
h
# . Z, @ P ' hA
,> , 0 ,
< > <
D64
F >< F3453G @ > & # F34Q6G
D59 G ,

'>
@ A

(

A

*% -
@
<

: ,
P %
# @ < E " >

0
,% #
@ F

c G@ >
@

D66
# . Z, @ &% % (P *% %

" @ F3477G@ % 37D%
D65
n@ P> A % #" -
% @ % @ 3459!C
% #" $@ F347DG@ % #
3S6%
D67
# . Z, @ &% % (P *% %

" @ F3477G@ % 375%
D64
<@ >% -
> P> V% SY
%@ >" <@ F3453G%
D59
<@ >% P > $>X> % )" @ F34Q6G%
B ; @ & 39Q

0
@ A 0 <
(,*% $L
D53
..6
#
D5D
P
< %. 345Q! @
<=

,
(, *% < &% % ]V<

@
T,

=@ A (0
@

A
A , +0
. 3448@

h
', h A
><

@

A
< @ A ><

D58

3465@ <
( ,*%
-
> ,

@ 0

@ 0
% $
<

, " L <=

@ L L
%
- 0
> @
@

,
% -
, @ .
0 %

=

( ! *% @ > ><

,@
< % >

<, <

0 @
@
A . 0 % -
<=

,
@ ,, A
C
@ ,
A ,

.
< @

A
' % -

@
0
A = % $ 0

% 0 <@

%

, >
@ L "
@
F ( *G @ @ A
> <

%
- ,

A > >> $
0 ><

% <

0

, " <,
A '

@ %
H<,
0

<@

D53
@ % J

' :> A % > @ F
G%
> A% )'" #
cT,
)'@ F3449G@ % 384:3Q7%
D5D
P @ #% > ,,@ #% $@ % c
> >A% 345Q!%
D58
]V<@ &:% JP> A
k > A
K% > F
G@
+ > A% )'@ -
%
T,

)@ F3449G% % 33Q:385%
396 B ; @ &

#
' -
3
F

A @
G@ A
' <

A 0

" C

C

'

A
=
T > , A

<0 34QD@ E
<
<
#
D5S
>.6 / 34QD! % - , .

B @

@ < >@

.
@ Ac , > A
' , C A > >*%
- >
% - < A@

, @
, >

<

,

??% $ >
A

@

@
,

=@

'
B A

% $ < @ < E @
C <

0 % P

@
"

<

A

%
#/7$ ;. <$=#"-$=#=>? ' 0
&'
, P

< > #

@
,
% $ >

. ,

@

 @ A P ,

" F G

D55
, @ < % -
D5S
#@ +>% P> A #> >% #" #
cT,
)'@ #T@ 34QD!
D5Q
&V < @ P % -
A % #" -

@ 3468!%
D56
)@ P % P % 0" 2
@ % -
@ F3454G
D55
# +>% H<> : @ %

% , % 34Q7!%
% &% $, E .%

"

@ F344SG@ % 35:37
B ; @ & 395

>
<
0
@ @
)

E 69 A .

> <

%
, P @ 0 A

@

@

, @ .
<
' % # @ <=

, P

<
D57
A @ > 0 A
P % # @

@ 0@
. %
<

@ A . @ .
@ <

"
> ,

<= ,
, ,0
, A

%
<
# , A A
=
, P "
%

0 % $
>
@ <
@

@ , =
@
%
A
%
- ,
<=
% $
>.

A

' @ %
0 0 '
< , A@

@

(
*
, <

A
' , @

F <G F > G% +

hA .@

@
@

@
,
,h

. %
@
> > F6$
D54 D79
347D! @ * .6 3449! G@

<= , "

< % - @

<<"

< @ C
@ <

A
@ <
D57
# +>% H<> : @ %

% , % 34Q7!%
% &% $, E .%

"

@ F344SG@ % D6
D54
@ >% A@ % #" > @ % > T, @ 347D!
D79
@ >@ @ F
%G > A% )'" -
%
T,

)@ 3449%!
397 B ; @ &

#
' -
3

@ ,, L %
< 0

0 @ <

h
h <

0% +

A
0 ><

.
@

0 % # = @
@

><
<
A >

.% #
@

0 >

,
> 0% F=%@ ,

V (# B *G% ,

0
% $ 0 <
>>
A . @

@ <
<
% -

, (
, A
k
D73
k
>
' >i Ak * @ '
,
%
#/7! ;. <$=#"-$=#=>? ' ,
&&

@
@

<
@

( . *

>

' @

,

% # @

, @ ,

A >< <
< >

>< < A <= , % - @ >

@ @
<
@ % $ >

@ @ @ %
@ @ <
@ 0 "

% $
A ' %

% Z

,
'

% $

>. @ <%

>

h A@ <
; ,@ ><
<
<
@ ,

0 h@ ' ><

>< A

<% - ,
A

@
@

A % A
h A >< ,
' A >

<=
<h 0 . >>

<
'

% $
D73
#@ +>% H<> : @ % ; , P> A"
c % #" #T@ 34Q7!C 8Y
%
) " #
cT,
)'@ F3456G%
B ; @ & 394

<

A

@ ,

% -
@ < =

,@ A ,

, @

<
@ A A
% <

% ,
@ @ ,,

0 @ L

> %
- >

A >

% ' 0 ,

< & # . % # @

(
,<

. *C (
<

@ <
,
,

@
D7D
. ,< * % # L% -

A >

@
" . @

, %
P

@

- @

D78
& + > F& .6 3466! @ .,
, F>.6
D7S D7Q D76
6 345D! G@
F* G 3466! @ * GG 3464! @ *
D75 D77 D74
GGG 345D! @ * G1 3444! @ * 1 D99D! G

@
D49 D43
<
n@ F>.6 .. 3459! @ % .6 3455! @
D7D
# . Z, @ & % %

" @ 3477!@ % D3
D78
+ >@ &% $
A% #" @ 3466!
D7S

,@ % H% % JP> A A K%
A

% #" $@
F345DG@ % 4D:45
D7Q
@
% 2% F OG% #" $@ 3466!%
D76
@
% 22% F OG% #" $@ 3464!%
D75
@
% 222% F# AG% #" $@ 345D!%
D77
@
% * G1 % F# AG% #" $@ 3444!%
D74
@
% * 1 % F# AG% #" $@ D99D!%
D49
% P> A % #" % % % 3459!
D43
% J > AK% # A@ D4@ 3455!@ %3:34
339 B ; @ &

D4D D48
>.6 . 3455! @ >.6 $ &.6 3454! @ -
D4S D4Q
.6 347S! @
. 344D! G (A . .

, ,
P A

=<

<

D46
P *% -

, , P B @
$ # @
, ,

A >

' % @ n

,
A
=
'
' @

L

% - =

,
=

D45
@ A < ,

A

% -
@ ,
' @

B
% - =
@ @

A

"

0
,
B @ A@ ,.@ ,0
D47
% T P A
,
<
0

=@

<= % - :. A L A
" @ <% )" j
% + '@ #@ #T% 3455!
D48
% F
%G P> A@ $ A% #" T-%@ 3454!@ % 39\37 38DS \P,
c > A@ 3454@ 3:S
D4S
J, :
> AK% , :
?? i% )
" V
]
@ , % 22@ 347S!%
% 773:4S9%
D4Q

," > A
c% #" $@ %

@ 344D!%
D46
<
=
@ % P %

" $ @ F3443G@ % 84
D45
<
=
@ % P %

" $ @ F3443G@ % 3D4
D47
n % P % ) " #
@ F3475G% % QD
B ; @ & 333

=

@ <=

% A 0<
>
A >
<

,
P

+
??@ A L <
n@

, A '
0<

0 A
%
#/7/ ;. <$=#"-$=#=>? 5' B &
899
P ' )
893
@ @

= @

@

P A
>
=
=

% # . @ P
= @ A@ <
,

'
' ,

' @ @

@
<
A

89D

)
P <=

'
% @ P # <=

' %

< :B B : '
@

. ,
'
.

<
,<
>> % $

,
' =
,
898

0
% + ) < -E 0

% ) < A >
A@ .

' , @ 0 0 @ >

P @ A A , .

'
L
, @ A P

D44
n% P> A
% )" + '@ F3455G@ % 6D
899
) @ % (P
',

F# P G*% -

B @
D%@ F347SG@ % 5:Q4%
893
) @ % (P
',

F# P G*% -

B @
D%@ F347SG@ % D6:8S
89D

@ #% F
%G%
+ %

" @ F344SG@ % D67%
898
) < ;,@
+ (P
= , *% + % )

-E %
R

" T,

R

@ F3476G% +
0
. @ &% % F-
%G% P # % $

% +0
." R .@ F3443G@ % 88%
33D B ; @ &

#
' -
3

, A ' <
@ < @
@
.

B FG@ <

<
89S
A ' %
-
,@
P B : '
0 " '

A P

,

% -

' @
, < > 0 '
89Q
A % $ @ # @

< <

, %
+ @ ?? >
<

@

% - < @ @

<=

A

%

> <

.

@

@ ,<% - <
A@

@ , <

% -
A = < ,

P @ A@ @
, '% P @
0@ ,

896

@ <

%
895

A ) > >.6 ; 346S! , <

< <

@
>

< < <
E
(=* A
' A E < ,

<%

,
A < = % #
< 0 A >
P 0
<

>

=

% P 0 ,
E

,<@ <
<

A ,% $
=

<@ = , @ L@ @
0@

L A

% #
<0
P <

>

@ =
@
A
89S
0
. @ &% % F-
%G% P # % $

% +0
." R .@ F3443G@ % 88%
89Q

@ #% F
%G%
+ %

" @ F344SG% % D64%
896
0
. P
.@ % :) 0
.@ % #% (T P
$ ??" # #< #

# *% \+ @ Q" P > %

" R<% F344SG%
895
) >@ P

% (P> A
k *% + S% # " $@ 346S!% < P% ) >% ( <,
< *%
% +% 0
.
% ) " #
@ F344DG% : D4:S5%
B ; @ & 338

%

A

0 <= A
% - <

<

@
@
@

,

' < @ @
<@ P P < % E.

$
P % $ @
.@ =

< @

, =
% T
0@

@ 
<
@ A.0
A >
,

0 > <=

) >% < A 0 >
=

,
B @

= @
@ , @ <

, % - >

P
@ 0 A@ @

, P

%
#/# ;. <$=#"-$=#=>? 4& * ,

4 5.'

=

@ A
'
@
A <

, A

, <

> 0
0
> $>>%
j ><

<

A
'

,
> A <

%
T A
>

"

'
0

I @
> A >< % @ A 0
<
A '

% ;

0 , E

A
A % ;

=

' A A %

>> A

> % ,
@ =
A '

A@
@ A A A @
@ @
0 @

@ A

> . % # 0 A
> @

,

%
- < 0 :P < &` F&G F
897
/< # 3466! G@ A ,>
33S B ; @ &

#
' -
3
, > % - 0 ,

> .
' ,@
A L<

>
, '
% - A

<

C A

<

< A ,
' , A

, ' % ; '

<@
,

<

A

>
A =

<

% - @ A.0 0 <@ >

@ > .
' ,

<

<%
- , > , -
T
@

>

> @
<

% - < + G
& $ L$
894
$ 3464! @ P < #

&% j < ,
A
0 ' @

> A @ ,

% -
.

>
' @

< > .

' ,@ '

A <

>

%
-%% >@ @
, >
A ' >
< @ @
>

% = @ @
,
> <

, A >

< < <

@ @

839
> L@ ( , *%
.@
833

L 345D! @

A <
,

@
gc gc@
897
&w@ %P < % f >> # , V
X> (% $ ] . T, a
@
%@ %
% + ." ] .% 3465!
# , + % -
P "
#% )B@ % T% <> %@ #% T% >
>@ I% 2% +
& %

" < @ F3475G%%
894
#@ P>
-%% " 2 > $>>@ >@
@

% ; >X
T, $
#>
-' #> >% %
% & > I
% -, " ; >X T, #@
3464!%
839
>@ -% %@ &% (>
> *% ;X % 8" 345D!@ % DSQC ( 2 *% +>

" > T, +> #@ F3456G% R )% >
% > ; > >
+ %

;X Z V" I% I% ; 1 + @ FD993G@ % 77%
833
>@ -% %@ &% (>
> *% ;X % 8" 345D!%
B ; @ & 33Q

% - @
<

@
@
<0 @
@ A <
'
'
<% -
@
< @

A

' >
% - '

@ <

@ A@
@

A
%

>

,
@
<

, @ @ > %
# >@ >
@ A ,

<@ A

,

>
>
% $ <0
0 ,= > "
A

< @
@
.
A <
< =
GC A A %
>

> >

C
. @ A @ =

@ <=

,
<

A 0 @ <

0 ' > % @ A
@ @ , , <= , @ >

;, + . @

@ A ,
' @ @ ,
=
%
#/@ ;. <$=#"-$=#=>? 3

&'
; ' <
0

A
% -
A .

3467@ A
,

,

Z
<
A ,
0'
<
@ A A
B : % > 3467
<
0 ,
@
@ @
@ 3459 < &'($

>.

, ' A
'
@
@ @ @
' >

@

% ; ' L
@ A

'
%
Z P
) >
@ @
- A
<

,%

> A@ =
336 B ; @ &

#
' -
3
&A &A

>@

< @

E % - -
T
@
@ <
@
<

,

" <
<

& % A <<

+ 2
T,

& > V@ <

3459hE

<

83D
@ & 345S!
P < $> &
838
/ 345Q!
& > +h

@ &$ &$
83S
/ L & 3465! A <

%
- @ A

@ ,.@

A

@ < L , % <@

'<@ A A@ @ .@
@ <= ,

, > % - 0
@ A

<

@ 0

, @ A
< % <

@ L @
>

<

%
- A

'

% +
,

A

=
<@

@ A @ ,
%
< ,

<

@ < 0
,

@ 0
> %

<

=

=
0%
83Q

<
) >@ % 34Q5! @ P 3459!
835
836 ! F : 3479! @

83D
$> @ P < % &% $ " 2
% ;X ," Z T, #@ 345S%
838
+@ & >@ $ # " $ @ @
> $
% 2 >" + T, #C

" P

] #@ 345Q!%
83S

@ &A% J$ @ =

>K% cj
% #" j

$@ 3465!%
83Q
) >@ P
% > ) #" j

$@ 34Q5!%
B ; @ & 335

0 ,
@ <

@

0
& % ,
'

>

=

% $ @ & > +@
0 @

@ < A ,

<

0

A A@ @
% - . =@

A A@ < @

, @ @

0 0@

0 A
837

% + L @

<@ A @
' @
. @ A '

' %
#/@$ ;. <$=#"-$=#=>? 3
&'

@

@ 0

% >> @ <

@
% -

@
834
&A
@ < < FL 3465! @ P.
8D9
. 3465! G A '

= %

% ;

A@

, @ ><

<

@ A @

0 ,%

.

<

=@
# $@ A
@ , .@

0

A @ % -
, .

A

% - A
><
@ < 0 L
' @ @ , .@
@ A @
.
% A A

@
@ = @ @ A A

@ ,0

836
) >@ P

% k-
%#" $@ 3459!@
835
) >@ P

% >< " > >% #" +>
+ \
\$@ 3479!%
837
+@ & >" > " R $> 2
% ;X Z V" H'
T#% F3445G% +
' P
.
P
.% " ;, + - %

" T,

+ % F3444G@ % D8
834

@ &A% % #" @ 3465!%
8D9

@ &A% k
% 2 J K %4:Q9C J
i
k K% %
D48:8S9C #" $@ 3465!%
337 B ; @ &

#
' -
3

% - @ A
=@

A =
0 ,> < A

%
$ < @ # @ @ E
@

>
% - = =

' A < . .

=@
L <, , .@
<

% '

>
A
,
% - < $
A

<
,

<% -

>>
A

<
' .

C .
% <

< '
E
% -

' @ >>
A

=

,. @ @ @
' A ,
,
<

<@
<

@ <

%
- =
@ A

@ ,
A@ > @ ><

," <
= 0
< % ;
> L

<

, A

.% $
=
<

'
% -'

<@

3465!% ( @ =

>@ @ 0

, < .

@

@ E

,

A =

@ %%%!
8D3
@ %%%!@ = %%%!* %
#/@! ;. <$=#"-$=#=>? 3
&' ,
&

T
0

A

3465 T,

& >
V% @

,

<
+
,:$ % $E A

0

= <@ A

% # . A
< ( * (<* A

% # @ < 0

<

%

= A
L
=@ A

%
8D3

@ &A%
%

" > % F3474G
B ; @ & 334

,
=
@

, > ' <

% # @

@ >

@ A 0 <
% - , > A

0
% - ,.

@
< @
< ( %* T ,. A 0 <

< (
*

' <0
%
#2 ;. 3 <$=@"-!""">
#2$ ;. 3 <$=@"-!"""> , ,

&&

+ H
<

<
Vd ,Ve"

0 ,
P .6 348S!F3459G@
8DD
<?<$ 8 < ? < 348Q! F3459GC H!
#X /< 34D4!F345SGC ( B <
8D8
J 34S5!F345SG % < .

8DS 8DQ
<=

,

)X> F3466G @ < F3465G
8D6 8D5
F3467G @ &:# P < <
+
# F3464G
8D7 8D4
@ & ] , F3464G @ H
d )z F3459G E 3459 347S
8DD
Vd ,Ve@ &% > @ ;
% R $ 348Q!@

V j% $ @ > $,
+ < % $,
@ < " T, >@ F3459G%
8D8
Vd ,Ve@ &% (s )
>> ,V> ] > *@ 34S5! $
. V > > V

# V@

< ^< P@ " J V > > V
# V &
Vd ,Ve K@ >" + @ F345SG@ % 5:D9%
8DS
)X>@
% ($ V @ >> @ # <
>
*% ]<> Q@ F3466G@ % 55:3QD%
8DQ
@ < % (> # $>
> $ > # *% # $
>
@ , % D% F3465G%
8D6
@ < % (P
# $> $ *% $ D% F3467G% % 3S8:3Q7%
8D5
@ &:# P <% +
#% #" +> % 8@ F3464G%
8D7
] ,@ &% $ V" P>> % #" $@ F3464G%
8D4
)z@ H
d% J >
A
A >> ,AK% #% % 3QS@ F3459G@
% QD:63%
3D9 B ; @ &

#
' -
3
< 0

Q3D ' A . <
+
889

#%
#2! ;. 3 <$=@"-!""">? . (

-

< <

<
>

69% $

<

@
@
(
: > *@
' ' % -
@ @
0

' @

@
' @
, A >
%
@

<
' % -
@
A

'

, A @

@ L A ; @

,< 0
' % # @

@ A
'

@ L

= @

= 0 A
' @

A < <% - ,

A
< %
P

,

A
,
0
@ $ >@ ;
,
)>@ A@
0@

@ @
@ @ @ < >

,

%

> A

883
> + - & 3459! @ ,% T A
>=

I%]% I @ ,@
@

@
'

88D

< % # >@ < @
A
<
A

' %
-
> @

A
A ' <
889
@ bV I%@ (
D%

*% - "

# 34D7:34S6% ' " $ R % 3Y
% F3477G@ % D66:D4Q%
883
>@ $ -% ( > P
" , $ *% P
:P + #
$ % -
% & #% V% ) " & > V T, # 3479!%
88D
I% ]% I % > R< 2 @ $
> # %] V" T, ] V #@ F34QSG
B ; @ & 3D3

<
%
A
@ A
>
A ' % $ 0
@
888
G 1 3456! @ A <

@

88S
& > + & / 345Q! @

,% +

, 0
A A , @ @ <@

>@ <

@ '

" (2 ,

> X> > ,
F > ,
G < X ' @ >
> *%
88Q $

@ A >

' @
< A

% ,@

, A <

% ; '
' =
<

A
' ,@ @ A
'

%
-

,@ >
@ >

' A A '
=
<

% Z

,

0

-
+ .@ I 2% # @

>
' ,
%

A ,.
@
A > <
>
' , < A L @
, =
@

@
@ %@

' % $ < @
< 2 @

<

. ' A > A >

0
> ' % -

@

G > ; > 3453!$ A '

A .

%

> @ $ > FG

7
886 885 887
345Q! @ G 1 3456! @ > 3479! G
888
>@ $ -% (2 > R *% + 2A D@ 3456!%
88S
+@ & >% $ # % 2 >@ ;X Z V" + T, #@ 345Q!%
88Q
>@ $ -% ( X P . # I> Z $ H%* 2 > ' > +N +<
@ %" ,
T, #@ 345Q!@
886
>@ $ -% 2 > ' > +N +<
@ %" ,
T, #@ 345Q!%
885
>@ $ -% (2 > R *% + 2A D@ 3456!@ % S57:S7Q%
3DD B ; @ &

#
' -
3
>

0

P>
884
P F/ % " 3454! @ B "3 % 3473!
8S3
8S9 @ $ ! . 347S! @ * 3476!
8S8
8SD @ $ G & 3474! G
# ' < L

R

% ; 0

B ,

' ,

% -
<

' @ A
A
A '

=% - L
A

@ =
P @

<= ,

"

.

<

<%
8SS
@ 6 / 347D! @
,
.
<= @

=

<
@ ,

, @
>

%
-

=

,
> A@
@ <
' ,
% >@ L

8SQ
L R " 3474! @ 0

P>
P @ A >. A , .
=@
A
A

,

@ @
@
<
< ,
' % R

'

887
>@ $ -% ( > P
" , $ *% P
:P + #
$ % -
% & #% V% ) " & > V T, # 3479!@ % 59:399%
884
P @ P>
% #> >
> ; % # " # T, #@ 3454!%
8S9
P @ P>
% ()
; .>
'*% P) F34 < : S > 3473G 3473!@ % Q:6%
8S3
P @ P>
% J
@ <
K) + A SSD 347S!@ % 373:345%
8SD
P @ P>
% (
- *% " + P
% -
% ,
% H'
% ) )VX@ 3476!% %
S3:Q3%
8S8
P @ P>
% + @ 2
$
% +<
" +<
T, #@ 3474!%
8SS
P @ P>
% (+ A # *) - 345D:3479% " T, #@ 347D!%
8SQ
>@ $ % I> + ; % +>@ P> @
> # >
$
)
H'
" +
#@ 3474!%
B ; @ & 3D8

@

,@ @
,%
- , < <

,%

A % ;

" A '
, , % @ @ A

@
L

@
> @ "
A

@ @

.A

' <

,

% # >@ < @
<
> 0
'
= A @
@ <

0 @ @

%
H @
> 3479 ,

,

@

A , 0

P

,
>%
P > >
@ ,.@

<

<

% >

%

,

,

> %
H

8S6
;
F
[F P 3459! G ,
)> F&!8
8S5 8S7 8S4
3457! @ R 3474! @ J#
3447! G%
8Q9

L > 3467! /
8Q3
/ 345D! @ < ,

<

A 'A A

' %

"

<

8S6

@ ; ;% (> T k " > #> >*% + + % -
%
)
< ,
#%
" -
X

@ 3459!@ % 389:3Q8%
8S5
)>@ ,
% $<= , + ) )

" > & > V T, #@ 3457!%
8S7
)>@ ,
% (
I *% &
,
+ 4%3:D 3474!@ % 39:DQ%
8S4
)>@ ,
% ] X
" I #
@ @
<>% I @ +%" ) \+ V@
3447!%
8Q9

@ ; ;% > P ) ;X Z V" H'
T, #@ 3467!%
8Q3

@ ; ;% # # " 2
> #> %;X Z V" ; @ 3458!%
3DS B ; @ &

#
' -
3

A % # A

@ @

A @
< '
, % # @ )>
.
E.
% $ <
> * F345QG &!8 3457! <

% )>

<= , A A 0

<% Z
A.0 0 = A >
@
A

<

@ )> >. <

<= ,
' <
,

,

%
+ >@ ' ,,
@ A @ 0 A
, @
< ' <= ,

,
%
#2/ ;. 3 <$=@"-!""">? 3

&'
B : ><

@ <=
&V < @
E @
,

$ @ ' @ 0 @ % -.

A B
' @
<
% $ ,

B A ><
"
,

- @

$ =, +> V@

><@
@

%
- E @
, B 0 0
>
>< A > @ 0 > @
=@ A >
@ A ! $ A

' @

@ A
A < '% >> @ )= ><% $@ >< <
<

@ A@ <
- @ >< @
0
(<

*@
J=@

@ @
@ A > E
,

K@ A

< A ><
8QD
>
% )= = @ <
@
'

,

'
% # ,
, @ = < @

@
@
> % > A
< )=
@ = @ A
< A = >
'
8QD
- @ % T
% ' " +-%@ F3447G@ % 3S9%
B ; @ & 3DQ

<<
%
0@

B

> @

> <@ A > A =

>
@
>
@

%

)= 0

. E @

=

0
><%
@ - , > # @ A

<

"
:
, A ,

@
<
> %
: # 0
A

,

,

=@
A
"

&A
%
#2/$ ;. 3 <$=@"-!""">? 3
&'

< 345D
> >@ # F , G
% $ < 345S!@ R
3457!C + 3479!C kH
k 347D!C #>" 2,

k 3475!% - 3475@ -
T
 )>,
8Q8 8QS
3475! > > # 3475! %
#2/! ;. 3 <$=@"-!""">? 3
&' ,
&

<

.

@
<

-
T
% - 3459 <
'
A

T,

& > V 3465 &$ &$ /
8QQ
L &

P>
V
-
% L 3465! 3465!@

8Q6

E 3456 3457@ , % - 3473
8Q5
)< & >
L 3465! @ )

8Q7
, / 345D! % - @ L

8Q8

@ &A% (I > )>," $*% % -
% &
# $ >% ;X Z V" >@
F3475G@ % 374:D98%
8QS

@ &A% > > # %
% ) 2
% +> " T% +> #@ F3475G%
8QQ

@ &A% ($ @ $@
# > > $*% > $ + ,% -
%
P>
V
- % ) " & > V T, #@ F3459G%
8Q6

@ &A% H %
% +>V, $,V% ) " & > V T, #@ F3456G%
8Q5

@ &A% 345D!%
% )< & > % +> " T% +> #@ F3473G%
8Q7

@ &A% # % 345D!%
% )% +> " T +> #@ F3473G%
3D6 B ; @ &

#
' -
3
8Q4
345S%

0 , >

869 863
&% F ! 345D! @
* 3474! G
86D 868
FB * 3459! C
* > 345Q! C
86S 86Q
R 3479! @ &
3473! G@

866
@ #
FB G 3453! @ -
865 867
> 3454! @ & &! P - 347D! @
>
864 859

3475! G
) F
- G 3458! @ /
853 85D
> 3456! @ - 347D! G

T,

Z
A <= <
-
Z% - >>

8Q4

@ &A% % V % F345SG%
869
@ & > % J -
<"
P
@ < )@ # @ & P @
&:# P>
& $ <V K 345D!@ & > ]% $ F
%G@
@ = " +-% F347SG@
% D75:834%
863
@ & > % (> > + *% - #> P # I>@
%
> %
" -
X

@ F3474G%
86D
@ % )
@ -@ ; :-> ; $, % ;X ," Z T,
#@ 3459!%
868
@ % > P

H > -% +> " T +> #@ 345Q!%
86S
@ % + > I
" > $

% ;X ,

" Z T, #@
3479!%
86Q
@ % $, > ' " \
\ #> >% ) " & > V T, #@ 3473!%
866
@ #
% )

2> " - > P> + + % ;X Z V" H'
T, #@
3453!%
865
@ #
% P
" P @ ; .>@ PV@
# % ;X ," Z T,
#@ 3454!%
867
@ #
% ($
$< k > *% 347D!% + 2A 7 F347DG % 563:56%
864
@ #
% (> P > *) 3476!% X
" (> > # * % "
T, #% >
@ R 88% F3475G
859
) @
% > ' 2" > 2% ;X Z V" H'
T, #@ 3458!%
853
) @
% /
P " P, )V $ ,% ;X ," Z T, #@ 3456!%
85D
) @
% " X
> P, % H'
" H'
T, #@ 347D!%
B ; @ & 3D5

0 ,
@ < , @
'
<@

@ ' > @ > ,

< <
(;, ;, + *%

< #
A
.

0 , <

%
@

'
,

.
=% ,<

, @
@ %

858
=@ E@ & 3454! @

L @
<0 @

A@

B
@ > A =

A <
85S

0 ,% @ @ 0@
B A

' % @ = @
0 @ 0 A
< =.@

85Q

.

,%
'
A
>
3475! ><0
@ @ 0 0

L .
0
A @
@

@ <0@ @ .
0 @

A
@

@
,
' %

#

' '
A ,<
<

@ L
-
856
3454!@ $ ' > @
@

%
A 0

=
@ &% < <

'
>
% @ '

<@ < ,
@
<B

, 0 , ,

855
.
' @

&@
* $
857

@ L
@ ( A, * %

@

@

<

=
' % - @
,

858
@ #
%
% ) " % F3449G@ % DD%
85S
@ #
%
% ) " % F3449G@ % D8%
85Q
@ #
%
% ) " % F3449G@ % 89%
856
@ #
%"
% ) " % F3449G@ % 887%
855
&@ % > > + %
" + @ F3746G%
3D7 B ; @ &

#
' -
3
=

A ; <,< .< ,<

%

@
@

% - < @
@ 0 A ,

<@
( V *@ A
<
' % < A ' @ L
854

P>
P 6 / 347D!
(XV ' * ( ' *%
#
) @

@
<

@
@
@ L

@ 0 ,
0 '
< %

'

@

& ] ,
879
&. 345D! @ < A,

@
@ A ' A
%
+
'
@
<
% ,@ ' C @ @ 0

. A@
0@
, >

% <
A
<
.
'
< A

@ '

>

A
,
%
$L ) @ ' 0

< A
A@
,.@ 0
@ ,

% @

@ % -
' @ @

, A

" @ (
*@ @

@ A,
' %

( *% - <"
“Poetic Influence—when it involves two strong, authentic poets,—always
proceeds by a misreading of the prior poet, in an act of creative correction that is
actually and necessarily a misinterpretation. The history of fruitful poetic
influence, which is to say the main tradition of Western poetry since the
Renaissance, is a history of anxiety and self-saving caricature, of distortion, of
perverse, wilful revisionism without which modern poetry as such could not exist.
381
$ < @ < A

=@
857
@ & > % (> > + *% - #> P # I>
%
> %
" -
X

@ F3474G@ % 357
854
P @ P>
% (+ A # %* - 345D:3479% " T, #@ F347DG
879
] ,@ &% J$" +

c A AK% $ Q%S 345D!%
381
$ . 86 ;7 E @E/! ; 86 E @E/ RT UN! ?7E (' B)*=GD ,V
)**= GC
B ; @ & 3D4

. <,, >

' @

@ =
'
> @ )

= @ A >0 @
A

,

> 0@ <,< @ % @
@ =

<

L

' % . , .@

@ ' 3467!@ ' '% - >

'

)

A ,

, A .

,

% #
%% <@ I &V ) P IV 0 , <

<
=

@ <@ ,
< > % P
@

@ A

A
=

A
> @
' @ ,

A@

' '
@
<
87D

@
@

%
-

@ < @
<
A < , A@

@ >

<

A@ 0 @ >

% - @
@ ' @

' > <

<

<.

A
<

, %
>
@
@

A

> > < A

,

"
><\ @
\ @ \ @
>\.A
@ .\ @
\@ % +

@ @

A <
' >
. >
"
@ > <@ @ @ ,

@
%
@
@
A @

> @ @ <@ @
@ <

% - ,
=0A

@ A
@ 0
<@
,

%

><

@

@
@ ,0@

,
87D
)V@ & >% (
> $ ' *% &A
@ #
% ) "
@
F3447G@ % QQ%
389 B ; @ &

#
' -
3

% A
A@
>> @
@

' @ A <
878
% )< & > hA
L 3479!
A
' ' ( X V
X>> >
87S

X > > * h $> > F

87Q
& - F3478G G >

A

% +>V, $,V@
@ > .

@ > @ '
' %
876
-
> @
I> F / 3476! @
875 877
% 3458! @
* 3475! G >

>

L
3457!% # A >
A <= , @ @
<

A , @
'

%
#22 ;. 3 <$=@"-!"""> , 0

+
5&

-
,

+
)= @

# @ .

:

A 3467

<
2
> <
874
> ! R 34Q7!F3467G % @ E 3459@ < #@
849

& ] , .6 L \ < 3459!

<=
P
'

,
A < <0

878
& > @ )<% >
" > >
%3479! ) " & > V
T, #@ F3473G%
87S
& > @ )<% >
" > >
%3479! ) " & > V
T, #@ F3473G@ % D5
87Q
@ $> >" > $> % 2 >" + T, #@ F3478G
876
I> @
% ( #*) + 2A 3D%8 3476!@ % S79:48%
875
I> @
% > " > 2 ; >:+ - % ) " & > V T,
#@ 3458!%
877
I> @
% > + > % ; ,
P % ) \
" > & >
V T, #@ 3475!
874
)= @ = % PG%
#" j
%
$ F# ,,G@ 3468!@ F3459G%
B ; @ & 383

% <

E ,

0
< , A

' "
0 B A < @ A
'
= , ' A
=
@ A
< ,

, @
%
- ,
A 0
= )= @ A .

< ,V F/!
843
L 

%
,

& ] ,@ .,
, R ->%
-
< J+ )= K .

,@ A

>>
< ' A
)= <
@
84D
#, ;V ,>
,
, F
$ 34D7! G@
848
R ;V ,> R > , F 8 34D4! @
84S
L 34D6!F3456G C

84Q 846
3489!F3478G @ % F3458G @ L
845
W .6 6 F3473G G@ , 2,> ]@ ,
R,> #V@ 2, 2, ,> $ V %
-'
A > A

'
<

)=

@ A
843
)= @ = % # < ,Vk # % 34D4!
% P%I% # % < @ >"
@ F3458G%
84D
)= @ = #% %
,
,% > >
$> >" + 2
$ # )
+<
" ,
T, #@ F3473G%
848
)= @ = ' > >
% 34D4!% #" @ 3457% -
E
R > ,%
-

= % ) " ;, R @ F3456G%
84S
R > ,@ R% ;% F % % )= G% & 33 W3 34D6! F(
# *G% s,.
6
F34D6G" DSS:65% -' R > ,@
" ' + A% ;X Z V"
#@ F3456G@ % 48:399% (O
$ # *% - )V> $> #
% % $>V@ F3478G@ %Q:89% FP # @ %39@ 3478G
84Q
R > ,@ R% ;% & < <3 3489! F(> $
G 2 F3G +> V
.VN*FI> 2 N*G% >< D@ F3489G@ % 87:66%C FDG" ] V ,V.,* F> + >
T G% >< 8@ F3489G@ % 6Q:75C F8G" $ , c V %* F
2 $ G%
>< Q F3489G" % S8:Q4%
846
R > ,@ R % '
> #> > %
%
, =V 2%P% V% ;X Z V" $
#@ F3458G%
845
R > ,@ R% ;% J i A AK% .%
,% V> )V> " # A% #"
$@ F3473G@ % DS8:7Q%
38D B ; @ &

#
' -
3

<
' A 34D9 3489"
'

(+
)= * A >

)= %

)= % -

,
A

@
@
A
0

% )=

A
(
*@ .

<
=
@

0
% + @ )=
=

A > 0<
% A

,

=%

)= <
0<

' , A A > "
= F
0
G@
= F B G@
F G@
> F
' G% @ B @ '
@ @

A
)= %
P

=
@ )=

> < = L < A@

@ = , , A
% >> @

> < =
L @ > <
,

% #

)=
A , >>
A =<

6 F G@ @ %@ A

,
>> :
% -
)= ' A

<

,
0

%
0@ )= < 0

0 A \ '
@ @

@
,

L @ A = A )= A <
<
,

=A%

)= 0
<

>>
A ,
@ > A
,
A < 0
@ A )= %
# F /! $ % *
847
1! - 34DS! F347SGG A ,
,

P@ L
@ <
<= ,%
# )=
' "

A
< < A @ 0 A
@
0 0
<
847
)= @ = % (- # <
+
@ + R< *%
,%

% $% ]V , R +.%

" @ F3474G%
B ; @ & 388

<
. L C

<

%
844
- E A << V F34DS!F3469G
< )= @ A < @ <=
, ? $ A <

VC
@

@
L % # )= @
'
< A < J

@

@
<

K@
,

A ,<
E

" J

A 0 0
<@

,
<0 @ <
<=

S99

K% # @ < A ,
, h , A
( <*h
< (> *

@ @

,@ L A
, < A

', >
@ > A
@

.% -
@
hA
S93
)=
( * h @ @
,<@ <@ <
0

S9D
%* $
@ @
V@ ,

@ A A

'

<

<

%
# )= @ L
@

> % - A >
= @ 0 @

>< .<

@
$% )= A

0 ,, @
%
; 0
' A . - % +
A@ @ ' L = @ A ,
% Z
@ A
,
%
$L )= @ < ' >< " <

@ < =

844
V@ %
P, 34DS!%
%
( , ==*% < " T, > #@
F3469G%
S99
)= % =% %
,%

" @ F3474G@ %3S%
S93
)= % =% %
,%

" @ F3474G@ %37%
S9D
)= % =% %
,%

" @ F3474G@ %37%
38S B ; @ &

#
' -
3
F
@
A
> >>
,
G
< A

% <
@ 0

@
@ ,
A
, % # @
,
=

@
,
=
<= ,

@
@
,
A

' F@ @ ',
@
, < @ %G%
0@

< =@

@

A

% ) J

K

< < = A @ A
0
' % # = @ ' A 0

F>
, .
@ , . A@ A .
@ 0 >

>
G% =@
h '
<h L
> @
@

'

'
L

' @

A =
>
< % #

@ @ A < A . @
@ <@ <

$ )= A
0
><
><0

%
@ '

0
'

A
><0
% +
' , >

' %

)= <

, A
' >
0 A <% $

=

> F G@ .

- @ A ,

A
B
A F' G% -
"
)=
< A :
A ' % - @ - <
' > @

@

' >
=@ A
, >

' %
0@ -

@ A )=

@ ' > A

@

>

% $

' > : A , <
,

% -
@ @ <

%
# )= @ '
@
>< A
@ A

,@ @ @ %@
0
0
A ' >
> < @

@

0 A '
% O
A '
B ; @ & 38Q

@ <

0

@
0
' % + A
< A

'
,<

% - A <0

,
$ " , =

% # )= @ ',

@ A
,

A@

<
@ .

L
F @ @ %G

< A ,

@
0
A
>< ,

@

A
=

@ A <
"
%

0< ,
< ' @

F

G@
A < , .

A@ ,.@ > , A %
- <= @ )= ,

, A A

A = .
@ A =

,
A > > <

=% -
@ , A 0

> ,
0@

>% > A A
0 ,@ A

,@ A
A =

A B
% T ,
@ @ ' < A. % -

@

, F
V0@ = G@

,%

A < )= " , F

, , . G ,
F ,

, ' G% )=
,

, , @ , =

@

0 @
, A @
0
< <
@ ' @ A
<

" '

'

@ @ ,.@ A
' 0

%

A ' ' , .@
@ )=

$ ) # @ L ' >

3 A ' < %
>

,
A
' .

, A ' @ ,.@ < < ,
>

A

%
A ' A < >< @
A
<
0

%
$

A = /! ! L < F34D4!@
)=

!
S98
348S:348Q! L ! 34S9!% # )= @
386 B ; @ &

#
' -
3
,V

,
, < , A
<
A@ .

' @ )=

" ( ,
A
<
S9S
@ @ 0 %*
,

)= ' @ @

, % $
@ ,
,
, <

=A.
@

A
<

> % - ,
A % -
@ )= <
,

<

<,
. =0A
<
% +
,. @ )=

@ @ A@ <

@ , %
,

.

@ ,

@ ,

@

<
> % @

A
,.

@ ,

@ A

C

, F , ,
G A ,

F ,. @
>> @ =
> G% + ,. @ )=
, .

< %
T ' ,.

@

, .
@
@ @ @

@

@

% , .
,

<
\.
@ A = A

,% ,.
@

% $

= @ <
@
.% T ' A

,. A A
> , ,
<
A
L
= ,

% -

,@

, @
. @
<

@ <
%
,. L @ @ A > <
<
@ ,
@

=A
@
% -
,@ ,

<
% - A ' ,.
A A =@
A
0 ,

%
@
)= @

A

>
% T
,.

=

$ A

R
# % 34D7!) ,

<

=0A

@
S98
)= @ = % ( < ,*% 348S:348Q! -
,%

" @ F3443G%%
S9S
)= @ =% % (# %
< (# <
<
,V*% -
,<% 7Y
% E %
' " $ ??2 -
@ F3447G@ % 343
B ; @ & 385

A
, < F, <= G

= F = " , A < ,
G% # A
,. <= ,
<
@ A
<= , ,
%
+,.
0 >
% $ <0

)= @ A 0

A
%

@

@ , @ @
A
@ , @
@ . L<@
% A

< ><

,.
@ A
@

,

@ ,< @ , < @
%
)=

,.

2 V

L 34S9@ < P ! % ^ >
S9Q
34S9!F3459G @

.

,.
"
@ . % - < '

,

>
@ 34Q3 )=

< (V

*% ; <

<
> 346Q%
.
. < =
'
F = "

GC A

. < < = A @
A@ 0 <@
% )= A <
F

= G
F >.
P<G @
@
@
@ @

> @
,@ A

@

,

@

, ,

,% - @

> A .
, .
%
@ = @ L

A
A
@ A A

, ,."
@
@
,

<= @ 0 0
= @ @ <

A =% - ><

<
A >
A 0

@
0
A

A , A >

.%

<
A A
=

, ."
,

%

<, @

<,

F
, '

S9Q
)V> @ V>% k ,
u P< P% 34S9! #"

F O 59G@ F3459G%
387 B ; @ &

#
' -
3
,.G@
,

@ A
A
.% 2
@ @

, . =

% &
@

,

= ,

"
% Z )= , A

,% 2

,. @ @
. =
A L
%
S96
- . ! F347SG )= <

@

A @ 0

:
@

A
' <

' % # @ )= ><

F, ,
' @
@ '

A
. ' G
$
& ] , A

F
0
' G% -
@ F] ,G
F) >@ G 0

)= % #
] , A
'

E ', , '
. <=

, .
% A )= A ' ' @
' @ >

@ @ <<

'
% ' .
@ '

,
@
@
: . % -

F

A

G@ =.
' " '

0 @

' , A , %
)= A

@
0

@ '

A .

A ,
A > >
.
A >

%

> @ A > A

' @ .

, @

A A

,

% A

>

' E @ A #0 B
,

' A
>< @ =@

A
@ 0 A A
=@
, ,

= .

A >
> A
% R

> @
@
'
@

@

A
0
A
@ @
A
% -

)= #0 @

@ < @ 0
A )= #0 <=

h ><h
A
- @ A
% >> @

S96
)= @ = % - > A
,< )
% % #"
@ F347SG%
B ; @ & 384

$@ F

G )= F,

><@

,
@ A A < <,
<
G%

:> @

A ,,
, > ,< @ @

- @ B < %
T ,

'
)=
$ A
>

: A ,

> % + @ )= A <
<

'
<
%
+ A

0 @
. -
> $ )= .

S95
@
A - % -
.
.

, F ,

, @ ,
<@ , @ %G% @ = @
A
,
< "
, F
A
,
> G
F > L
= @ ' @
0 @ A

> G% & @

Z8 ,
>< ,
<" (-

>%%%* << ,
% T
<
<
<
E

+, " ,
< > @

@
@ <
% Z ><

, @
)=
A "

@
% #

@ @ A +, @ Z8$ <

, < F
, G
,
F

G% ; @ <
<

@ <% #
A

=

, %
E
)= < . >
,
=0

: " +
F

=

GC +
F

"

GC
+
F
,
?R222@ ,
GC +
:<
F
,
?2?G"
:<

@ @
0 @ %@ A ,
, A =

F @ @
S95
)= @ = % - > A >
% #
> %
%
H,
(R
V*% #"
@ F3457G%
3S9 B ; @ &

#
' -
3
@ %G% '

A
, 0
,@ %
0@
,@ A @ A
! @ $ $ ):) @
0 " E

A

% +

L

0 AE @
,

% T <

A
@ < A

'
F
, G%
#27 ;. 3 <$=@"-!"""> , ,

&&

#27$ ;. 3 <$=@"-!"""> ,
&&

E . <
<
&
Vd ,Ve@

+> ,A@ A H!
S97
#X /< 34D4!F345SG @ L J * < 348S!
S94 S39
F3459G @ - *$ " ) 1 & * 348Q!F3459G @ (
S33
B < J 34S5!F345SG %
#27! ;. 3 <$=@"-!"""> ,
&&
4
) > < &'(@ 3459! <

- @ A

,
,
: @ <
$\s @ 3459!
) >%
L E
) > +
kj

+

F-%#%%-%G@

< A

.0
0 0
'
S97
Vd ,Ve@ &% J<
Xa # VK 34D4!% $
. V > > V
# V%
% <
^< P@ " ( V > > V
# V* & V ,V*@ > " + @
F345SG@ % 7S:399%
S94
Vd ,Ve@ &% ( ] > V *% 348S!% > @ ;
% R $ %
%
V j% $ @
% Jk AK% > $, + < % < " $,

@ T, >@ F3459G@ % 387:3S6%
S39
Vd ,Ve@ &% > @ ;
% R $ 348Q!%
% V j% $ @ > $,
+ < %
%
J- V0V @ >
=V 0 V K% < " $,
@ T, >@ F3459G%
S33
Vd ,Ve@ &% (s )
>> ,V> ] > 0) $
. V > > V
# V@ 34S5!%
%
< ^< P@ " J V > > V
# V &
Vd ,VeK@ >" + @ F345SG@ % 5:D9%
B ; @ & 3S3

>

" &'( 3459!
P 3459!@ & $ *$ 3453!@ / 3458!@
> B _ 345Q!@ A ) > 0

A

A

$

% @ j

$
"
«Barthes affirme encore une voix unique, libérée des contraintes théoriques,
dans le Roland Barthes par lui-même (1975), que Denis Roche, conscient du tour
de force qu'il demande ainsi à son auteur, lui commande pour la collection
"Ecrivains de toujours", puis dans Fragments d'un discours amoureux (1977).
L'énorme écho que suscite cet ouvrage dans le public marque l'apogée de la
pensée de Roland Barthes qui a été élu au Collège de France en 1976 à la chaire
de Sémiologie littéraire (Leçon, 1978)» 412
S38
-< < * P 3455! @ !
3479!@ A L <@
@

@ E
3455%
#27/ ;. 3 <$=@"-!"""> ,
&&
,
&

- @ @ -
T

L E

'

'

% -
< E.

P
) >@
@ > @ > +

,:$
A <

@ P &V < % $ <

@ F,:$ G@ >
F G ' F >G@ <=

< .

B .

$% - < 9 3436!@
$ <

@

@ A <

A @ @ <=

B %
= @

A
< . @

0 0
= @

> < @
A % A
@ P < $>
S3S
& 345S! @
< A <

-
T
@ A

S3Q
0
A 0 %
@

$
@

412
/ / H2 $6 / &/J 2 $6 / W
6!XXTTT1%6XK/X/%X2;X/X/Y/6
S38
) >@ P

%
k
'% #" $@ 3455!%
S3S
$> @ P < % &% $ " 2
) ;X ," Z T, #@ 345S!%
3SD B ; @ &

#
' -
3
>< .

> @ A <=

B
< @
@

@

< @
@ % <

@ @
, @ @

,

=
0
'
,
% A@

<
<0 @

;, +

0
%
H
B
$ A

A A

,

,
%

, @
@ A A

A <
,

% +
<
@

0
@
, 0

@ A A

A A A

A % ; @ @

>
@
,
>

<

@ @ A
> ' @

< @ A > <
% ;
@
A @ A >

A@ @ <
%

> @ @
S36
& > +@ F& / 345Q! G@
B
S35 S37
& 3458! @
3454! @
S34 SD9 SD3
L 3479! @ 2 L 347D! @ G / & 3473! @
SDD SD8
&
> 3473! @ * & 3477! @ !
S3Q
$> @ P < % &% $ " 2
) ;X ," Z T, #@ 345S!@ % 39%
S36
+@ & >% $ # % 2 >@ ;X Z V" + T, #@ 345Q!%
S35
+@ & >% (> ) $ *% 2 $ " 2
% -
% ,
P <% H'
" +

#@ 3458!@ % D9:86%
S37
+@ & >% (+ ,
> *% > $
Q 3454!@ % 359:37S%
S34
+@ & >% (
*%
R222 +
k 2

+ \#
> 7 > + > 2 + , % -
% ) ]^.
^
% R=
% $ " )<@ 3479!@ % 74Q:745%
SD9
+@ & >% H " >
+ $ % 2 >% ;Z" + T, #@ 347D!%
SD3
+@ & >% (2 # $*% > # $" $ @ @ %
" P

] #@ 3473!@ % 37:SS%
B ; @ & 3S8

SDS SDQ
344Q! @ $ - `344Q! G >
@

@
.

0
'

, A
,
%
E

% -

' @
,@ A
' ' @ @
<
<

A , % +

<
, A
'
, % +@ & / 345Q!

$ ><@
+> V %
+ A <=

' @ <

@
@ < A '

@
A ' A '

' @ %

@ <
" <=

' @ %
+

A

' %

< ' @ < < A
> ,
> % A
'

'

<
0 % 2

,%
<0
+ A > A

' A

@

A
, , ' A

A A

% - ,
A A > A >

0
%
- > <
<
@ ,@
A =

% A@ E
$> @ < <

,

SD6
'

,@
% )

@

$ +> @ F

SD5 SD7
& & 3465! @ 2 L * 3453! @ & L +
SDD
+@ & >% ($ > P
*) > # $" $ @ @ %
"
P

] #@ 3473!@ % S5:54%
SD8
+@ & >% > $" +
2 2 ) H'
" )VX@
; @ T HV> #@
3477!%
SDS
+@ & >% (+ < *% I

64%D 344Q!@ % D67:D59%
SDQ
+@ & >% (+ , @ *% + , > % -
% +% )>%
) " & > V T, #@ 344Q!@ % 335:3D3%
SD6
$> @ P < % &% $ " 2
) ;X ," Z T, #@ 345S!@ % Q4%
SD5
+> @ $ % (> $ $ *) $ $ 2 @ 6 ;S% 3465!% % 55:399%
3SS B ; @ &

#
' -
3
SD4
" & * * 3457! @
+
>
S89
" * * 3449! G
# FG 5 P.
S83 S8D
3458! @ - & 3458! @ " +
*
* " 347D!G
=

,

, , "

@

.

>
,

,

,

@ % +<
A
. > <
A ,

L

A ><

% -' , @
S88
L + < @
3445! @

A ,@ @

<

A
% @

@ ,
,

0
,C <
'
,

@ @

%
- A
<

' <

@ @

A = % $

, @ <

' @ <
@ <

' % ,.@

0

>.
% - @ A 0 A

@ , <

.
%
#2# ;. 3 <$=@"-!""">? ' 4

- < < 0
&< 3 <
S8S
3459! F G% - 2
@
<= ,

< (H < .

=

SD7
+> @ $ % (H *) ;X @ D 3453!@ % D37:DDQ%
SD4
+> @ $ % $
" ; , $
% 2 >@ ;%Z" + T, #@ 3457!%
S89
+> @ $ % + " > P> ; ,
) 2 > F;ZG" + T, #@
3449!%
S83
#@
% J2
k

K% #" # i A 3S 3458!@ % S4:68%
S8D
#@
% $ % " @ 3458!%
S88
+@ & >% > " , >
% H'
" H'
T, #@ 3445!%
B ; @ & 3SQ

' @
=.

B 0 @
@ ' ' ,

@

@
'

" <= , >
S8Q
,. A * %
< . V V F0
' # G
S86
345D!F3456G @ >V
>V FT

0

S85 S87
G 345S!F3454G @ H F
G 347S! %

347Q ,

-

<
F
@ < G@
3448

,

L %
#2@ ;. 3 <$=@"-!"""> 0

<
A@
@
<@

@
,

&A
% $ < @

>

% $ E ,

$

<

@
V X FR IV ) VG
-
#
F& > I
] >G% # @

@

+ & 0@ , @ <

2
;, Z V@ A
<

>

@ A
%
0
@

@
0 < .

S8S
@ &= % ($ V =
.> , V *@ L@ -
2V , @ 3459!% -
' %
%
R 2< %

" 2 @ F3455G%
S8Q
@ &= % -
' %

@ 2 @ F3455G% % 3Q%
S86
@ &= % . V V " $ V >)
@ # ,%C
> ' @

% P B<@ ] <@ %@ $ %
%
@ 345D!% > # ' % % % ) & > %
< "
@ F3456G%
S85
@ &= % (>V
>V 0% - ( @ 2%% 2.<0 %2% " V
% H%@
L@ 345S!*%
% % (T

0
*@ $
%

" +0
@ F3454G" %
48:339%
S87
@ &= % (H *% $ @ 39% C
.V , @ 35@ F347SGC T, >
"
$ > + @
% $>V@ % T< - @ ;, Z V" F3449GC J
K% %
2% $

' % $%
% % ;, %

" +0
@ F3446G%
3S6 B ; @ &

#
' -
3
;
,
)>%
$ < . <
'

@ <
A
>

A 0 >

"
'
, @

A
< % ,@ @ >

,

0
< 0 % $
.

<
<
< , @

< % -

<

,

C

%
#2@$ ;. 3 <$=@"-!"""> 0
,
&

) < 0
' ,

%
)
<
- G 345S!
,

A < A
> % -

A

C ,

A

% -

,
< A

= @
,

. .

,

% # ' @ < @ , @
@ ) L A

' % -

@
, <
A '

>
%
A

0 , A &A .

=

%
#2@! ;. 3 <$=@"-!"""> 0

.
.

%
-
@

,

@
@ A

< % 2

B

$@

A

=% - =

"

2

$< %

=

% = @ E

'

A

A <% $

% -
@ =

= @ @

, %
=
=

0 @ @

% #
@ = A = < <

A
A

% $@ @

A
0 A
< %

B ; @ & 3S5

>

% T <
A
<
=
A
>
. % - < @ @
A A

= % -

<

>

>

< A

@
0

,
A
<@

@

' % - < @

<

<= ,

= 0
,%

@ ' .

% # @ E #> P #
I>@ g= c

,

= A =

>@ < A '

< = ( > <

S84

* A < @ =
, ' %

0 A 0 , A %
> < A , @

@ % - &
3473!@

=
= ,
>
'@
= @

,

%
= @
<

A , A@ ,

= >
= A@ @
%
#2A ;. 3 <$=@"-!""">

# ,
L
??@ @ > ,

< 0

% Z @ A.0@ >

, A A >

% $

,

0

0 ,
L E
" @
' @
@

'%
>
<, @ @

0

'

@
<= ,

@ @
. '% ; < ,

@

"

= ,
@

<

> <
> %
S84
P@ #> # I>@
%
> " P
%
" -
X

@ F3474G% % 334%
3S7 B ; @ &

#
' -
3
#2A$ ;. 3 <$=@"-!""">

%

@ - $> X F + > I

SS9 SS3 SSD
3473! @ P H> 347Q! @ >
347Q! @ X

SS8 SSS SSQ
# 3477! @ + H HX 3474! @ $' > 3449! G
@ @ A = @

' % -
@ <
,

,

@

< A

A < ,

,

%
>

>>
A >
=

@ @ > ,

0
> @
<
= A %
<

<
=@ > '

<
> @ > ,

A
0
@ <@ >

<
,%
@ @
>
A@
<
@

'

%
#2A! ;. 3 <$=@"-!""">

- @
+' Fk-'

SS6 SS5
& & k
3467! @ P

345Q! @
SS7
+ 345Q! G@ 2 F$"
k 345S!
SQ9 SQ3
SS4 @ + $' A k 3455! @ - k < k 3454! G
SQD SQ8
& ] ,@ F$ 345D! @ ,
A 345S! @
SS9
$> X @ -) E + > I
*% + 2A 7%D F$ 3473G 3473!% % 354:D9Q%
SS3
$> X @ -% (P H>" I @
@
> P < + *% # #V

@
% $>V
> O > % ;X Z V

" >@ 347Q!% % 55:4S%
SSD
$> X @ -%

" I @
@
-> + @ 3789:3479 ) ;X Z V" # > ) V@
347Q!%
SS8
$> X @ -% ( X
# *% ]%% ;X @ X >:+ + %
" @ 3477!%
SSS
$> X @ -% ( + H HX"
:
> *% >
> % -
% P> + >% ;X Z V" P
@ 3474!@ % 8S5:64%
SSQ
$> X @ -% $' >"

+ >
$i% ;X Z V" #@ 3449!%
SS6
+' @ i% k-'
& & k
% #" @ 3467!%
SS5
+' @ i% J P

K% k 63 345Q!% % 84:QS%
SS7
+' @ i% (+ *% $" & I +
$ 5%3 3473!% % S3:QQ%
B ; @ & 3S4

SQS
# 3455! G

0'

@

'

< =

= % -

L @ =
-
E

$<
A =
<= ,

= @
@

#
@ ,
<

@
%
$ < , @ +' @ 2 ] ,

< =
@ ,

@ @ '

( *@
= ,
H @ A

B < > <\=@
\ % -
E@ ,

. .@ <

A >

= @
%
#2A/ ;. 3 <$=@"-!""">
,
&

A
E < A
,

,
=@

A
. =
@ E <

] @ F& / 3459!@
> ,

% $ <
A 0

@

@
0@ @
. 0
=
@
@ > <% $
,
A
>
= <=

% -
0

A < 0
- $> X @

@ 6"

= @

< > <@ @
<@
0
= @
> %
, <
$> X , =
SS4
2@ % $"
k % #" @ 345S!%
SQ9
2@ % + $' A k % #" @ 3455!% % 387:84%
SQ3
2@ % - k < k % #" @ 3454!%
SQD
] ,@ &% J$" +

c A AK% $ Q%S 345D!%
SQ8
] ,@ &% ,
AC k, :

?2? i" % #" $
F OG@ 345S!%
SQS
] ,@ &% # % #" $@ 3455!
3Q9 B ; @ &

#
' -
3

<

$
< $ <@

SQQ
% # - 3454! % - @
A

,
> @

& > $, # >@

%
<

@ "
- ! R 347Q!@ A@
0
.

@ @ E.@ <
<% - E @ ' -
T

$> X % $
A .

'
@
=

' > @ <

@ A A
= @

'

% < <
SQ6
<
% 1 3474! %
+ @ < @
, , @
A

& > , ]
@ A
< %
> @

<
> A .<

%
#2A2 ;. 3 <$=@"-!""">
,
&

0
@

@

@

)< & > F

SQ5 SQ7
L 3479! G $> > F
& - 3478! @
SQ4 S69
R % 345Q! @ 3479! < >

A
\ % -

@ 0
=
'
<

A
<. ><

@
@ , <

@ > <@ @ A

% - 0 L @
<

' A
@

SQQ
< @ $
%
$ <% >
X > " > I I
> ; >:+
2 % ;X ,

" Z T, #@ 3454!%
SQ6
< @ $
%@
$ <% (>
> R" P + *% >
> % -
% P> + >% ;X Z V" P
@ 3474!@ % 3SS:66%
SQ5
& > @ )<% > + % ) " & > V T, #@ 3479!%
SQ7
@ $> >% > $> % 2 >" + T, #@ 3478!%
SQ4
@ $> >% (I

" > + *) Q%S FI 345QG 345Q!@ % D:39%
S69
@ $> >%

% #" $@ 3479!%
B ; @ & 3Q3

,

A

A

%
H

@ ; +>
X@ &
S63 S6D
F> %
3475! @ > 3477! @
<
S68 S6S
B 3477! @ &A P F
& &!8 @GG: 3475! G
S6Q
]= $, F
- % 3477!G >

0

A
<= ,

@
% -

@ @
. @ @

A
' >>
@ @ <
@

0
@

,. % -

.
<
%

@

>
A
,

" @
@
% $
< @ A

, A @ @

@ >

> @
@
, A ' =@
'

=%
@ +>V, $,V F* * G * 3473!
S65
S66 @ %$ % 2!$ 347S! C / /
S67
3474! G
@ ,.@

' @

=

' 0 A

@ @ %
S63
@ &% (P
> > " #> + *% + 2A 38%D 3475!@ % 83S:D4%
S6D
@ &% P
) 2 >" + T, #@ 3477!%
S68
@ &% >V > > > )
% ;X Z V" + < T, #@ 3477!%
S6S
P @ &A% (> $ > $<= F22G" > 2 *% + O D4%S 3475!@ % 4:3Q%
S6Q
$,@ ]=% > " > R #>
+%
@
% )

2
" 2
T, #@ 3477!%
S66
$,V@ +>V, % (> 2 % P
" > ' \ + '
$ % Z > $
6D@ 3473!@ % 3QS:7S
S65
$,V@ +>V, % ( , @ , H<@ -*% 3S FI 347SG% 347S!% % 34:86%
S67
$,V@ +>V, % (# +
> #
+ *% % R@
% > ;X % ;X
Z V" P
@ 3474!@ % D55:4D%
3QD B ; @ &

#
' -
3
A
@ @
\ 0

>
A % - , 0

$,V
L

,

@ @ ,@

@ A < <

=
> .

<= % -
< A
A E
@ >>

@ .@
'%
#2A7 ;. 3 <$=@"-!"""> ,
&
B4

< > '

L

??@
'
@

< C

@
.@ % - g

c@

@ , A

<@ 0

@

A

%
#2= ;. 3 <$=@"-!""">?

?? ; @ @ >

-
T
- %

@ .
,
<
0@ ' @

@ ; > % - ; > @ @

> @ '
'

A <
, A
%
> A ' >
< 0 <<
@ ' @

<
%
$ A ' ; > @
A

0
' %
- @ ' % -

?2?
=

; % -
>

; A A
>
'
,>
' % - '

@ > A <,
' >

= .
%
> A
A ' ,
=
< ' > A % -
@
<
'
A >

@ @

0
>> @
@ % $ < @ A
B ; @ & 3Q8

' 0 @

>
=

A ,

@ >

A
' %
<

>
@
<=
+
.@

>

% >> @ > >
<
A ,<

'
> @ <

'
> C

> A 'A

%
$ @
>
>

A A

> " > @ > A

<
% # > @
>
<

>

@ @ ,

, % ; >
L
> A L
,@
A '

< 0 %
>

@ <

@

<
0
,@
@

, @

@

% , < , A
>

>

H
"

@

@
'

@
@

@ % +

0
,
,

A@

@ = ,

< A
% # . <,@ < A

0 >

> >

> @ <
> , A
>

@ @

'% # @ > <

' 0 <

<
% A ,
= @ A
0
' @ < 0

P
I@
<,

@ >

A .

> % $

> A

L < @ > E

%
3QS B ; @ &

#
' -
3
#2$" ;. 3 <$=@"-!""">?

,
&

-
>

@ $ > <
S64
F> &* 3479! G@ < ,

E
> P % - @ < 0
@
 @ I
@ $
> I @ -

$@ +> > X@ I $>V
'
P ,
'

%
@

A

<= ,

,

%
> P @ = @ = @

0 % -
S59
< @ & < " 3477! A
>

<
% <
<
$>V@

A
.
$>V ,

=
><

.

0% ; <

< @ >

<
< < > %
- @ > A ,

> @ A

@ @
,

A A ,,
%

' , < < A <

% - @ >
A
<
0
0
' A ,
S53
> A
<%
?2? <
,
,

> % -

' > " F3G A >

,
FDG A >

0
> %

;

@

< E. > < 0
<
%
-
;
-

P @

@ .
3479
. > % L

@ ' @ -
# @ ; >
. %
S64
< @ $ >% P $:> " $>V% +> " +> #@ 3479!%
S59
< @ $ >% $>V ; " > + $ - P -
% )V" T%
+ #@ 3477!%
S53
)@ +>% + " 2
>
# % DY
% T $
P,@ ;, &" # @
F3444G% % D87%
B ; @ & 3QQ

- I . ,. (X > *

#
S5D
"# 345D!

,

> @ <

$ > < % -

347D
, @ <
A ( > X >
>
< >
% 2

S58
V A < X >

> >*% L@
A 0
E A g c
S5S
0
,

, A A gX > c @
> gX > *%

>
> , .

> % -
L <
< @
0

<

% $ > @

<@ A ( *%
> ' ,
A

A L ,

<

% )=

)>
@ +>@ +,i@ < A
<
.

> @
0 <
% FDG%
-

> @ @ @

%

@ >
,

<
,
%
. <

> @ ' P
I >
< 0

% < 0

@
'
, %
0

> A ' 0
=

=

<

@
<
, A >

' %
0

, A > <

> @ 0 @ + > >@ &
@ & > @ & % , >

<

,

A %
S5Q
+ # F 3449! G
- R B
S5D
@ I% X
;X % # " # T, #@ 345D!%
S58
< @ $ > &% P $:> " $>V% +> " +> #@ 3479!% % Q%
S5S
< @ $ > &% ( X
# + *% > ;X % -
% % R% ;X Z V" P
@
F3474G% % D%
S5Q
# @ + % (
" > ;X + *% ;X D3%D 3449!% % DQ8:D5D%
3Q6 B ; @ &

#
' -
3
a7 3477! A > ( = , >

V > V
'@ , < >

>
# X%
S56
Z
> >

>* %
A=
+% #

% -

@
( > >
> ,
<= ,@ X

X %%%! X > V
S55
X ' @

<, < > X%*
H >

' % <
A >
,

< A
'
S57

<
' %
> .
@ < @

@

@
A
,

' %
> A < '

0
S54
A > < < % , A

>
' .
,

; % >
> ,

. @

0
A @

< @

<

S79
, @ A 0 A
>

S73
%

<@
> > ,
,

% -
>

% >
A
' 0 <

A @ A <
%
> <
/ "# @ (I >!
< V > ,
> X > < >

¡! I > > X < < X>

S7D
C
@ X X
>,
* % A A
S56
# @ + % ( I ) Z N* $ > O 75 3477!% % 56Q%
S55
)@ & >% (2
" @ # X
# > *) > " P
1
% &
I @
% ;X Z V" ;X Z V T, #@ F3444G% % SDS%
S57
]@ % (;X " I > #
-*% > 7S F344DG@ % 3S7:3Q7%
S54
)@ & >% (2
" @ # X
# > *) > " P
1
% &
I @
% ;X Z V" ;X Z V T, #@ F3444G@ % S35:SD5%
S79
) @ +% ( +
> O + *% & > 3D FD993G@ % 863:854%
S73
VV@ 2 P%@
% (;X *% -
+ > " >@ $> @ %
" T% #@ F3448G@ % 3D5%
B ; @ & 3Q5

@

> %
#2$"$ ;. 3 <$=@"-$=@=>? ,

B
,
&

- ,
B
; +> V@ ,

P>
H> F&
@ 345D!G F ! G% - ,

-

A@ A ><

,

0 @ <

%
, , 0 > ' 0
B
' A
% R =V & # ^% -

B
@ ' @ A

%
#2$$ ;. 3 <$=@"-!""">?

,
&
0
-

>

0
, E

A
>

E
<
<

-
X
$
@ 2 3457!
S7S
S78 % - < @ $
F
R$
$ 3478! @ B 347Q!
S76
S7Q @ * G /# 3476! @ a L3 3449!
S77 S74
S75 @ G 3448! @ > 344S! G

@ < ,
H

,.
0<"
A ,

% " (H , >>

H
*%
A > =

@ 2 @
@ 0
S7D
>@ + >@ $ > < % # ;X % +> " T% +> #@ D993!@ % 34%
S78
$
@ -
X
I% H % ;X Z V" # > @ 3457!%
S7S
$
@ -
X
I% > I
@ > ' @
> + % +<
" ,
T, #@ 3478!%
S7Q
$
@ -
X
I% )" 2
>
% D

% ;X Z V" + < T, #@ 347Q!%
S76
$
@ -
X
I% (
> 2 # X*% -
% ,
% " + P
% H'
" )VX@
3476!% % 3Q8:3QS%
S75
$
@ -
X
I% (Z
. *) ; @ + @
% " T #@
3449!@ % 64:4Q%
S77
$
@ -
X
I% +
2%
" +> @ 3448!%
S74
$
@ -
X
I% P > % ;X Z V" R @ 344S!%
3Q7 B ; @ &

#
' -
3

% >> @ ' 0

% -
@

@

A

.
.

<

% $ < @ ,

% <

. @

@ F

.
@
. @ %G@ @ @

, . % Z <

. A ,, '<% < ,
, ,
<.
% A@ L @
><
L
% H @
0@

A
" @ = @ -
T
@ +
0
' A<
0 % ,

,

@ < , A A

< ,
% +
@ < .

" 3G
0

,
.

. C
A
'

0
@
@ @ @ @
%@ L

% A <
'
A
0 @
@
A
,

@
.
@ @
. .
% DG

=

= % , @ <, @

@ ' > @

>@ > @ @ &A % T ,. 0@

= @ >
A
<= ,

,L
% -

@

A = .

% @ '
><
F><
G"
,
= , .

<
,

<
,
% -

><

= <

>
>.
A ,

< 0 @

@

% 2 @
<
>
< @ ,

" M

A =

N ,

A
, A

.

@ > A E
<

,

= .
%
@ @

B ; @ & 3Q4

, A @ @ =

.
@ ,
,

=
,

% - <,
'
.
. "

>
=
> 0@

@
,

@ <

@ > @

"
A

@ <

> %
0

A
< @ <

A %

-
X
$
@ >< A
<

)><>@
+>V, $,V@ ]X > > <% - @
0
, 0 @

L , E
> @

@ . %

.
.
. E
0

<% <@
@ @

<@

" >>
A <

% A >

< A
@
R B <
S49
3474!
) > %@" < > ,

> %
#2$! ;. 3 <$=@=-!""">? , )&&&

*
,
&
;

0 A@ @ ,

, A A
.

%
< @ <

>

, A
%
-
@

,

-
T
% @ ,
@

A >

L@ >

< > % > L

A @ @

,@ , =@ A@
,

@
>

A >
%
- ,

S49
> @ )% > > % > - I )V" >
# # :+ %
"
P
@ 3474!%
369 B ; @ &

#
' -
3
A =
> L@

< ,
@ A
0 " @ @ =
@
0 @ ,
@ @ %

<= , =
A A @ @

" ,

A = @

<
@
<

@

> % -
@

<
, A ,

% < .
<, < .

= % @
0
< <

,

@ % $ >

<
>

@
' @ A
, <

%
-
, A

C A
@ A
@
A

, <

E.
@ @ ,

%

@

@
A
0
% @ A

L

0% $ >

??% $
< @
0
,
,
>
,
E @
@
@ @ <

,

@ A

A
% P & @ <
< 0 X>@
)V )V@
<

@

E

0 , @
@
0 A
A <

% -

> >@ >

,
@

% =

@ @
<

' ' > % @

>

<

A , A@ L @ '

,
,
% $L % % @
&%@ 0
@

@
B ; @ & 363

,
A ,
<@
,@
A

'

< % @ A @

@ <
@ . @ @
@
< (X >

@ <V
*% < @ ,.@ <
%
S43
- <
& %< 3477! @

' A <

,
>

<

" '

> A < L

<
<

% @ > A
A @ <

@ >
@ @

0

> @

@ .= F ><
G% - @ , @
0
@ .

<% - L E @
.@ >

< <% )= <

<
FX>
G >
, , A@

=
A @ . .

<% > .@ <@

>

A @ <

,
,
= A ' % #
@
, A

0C
,

,

<

A

< %
#2$/ ;. 3 <$=@"-!""">? ,

&
B4
-
F > 'G
A

A@ ,@

<
@
<
(* F (<

*G@ (A > *%

E > %
@
A <

,
> '@
.

,

% A
A
A 0

'

% A

A ' > '
A@

@ .

' 0
% > ' @
S43
@ @ &% > $ V" > : + % ;X Z V" H'
T,
#@ 3477!%
36D B ; @ &

#
' -
3
<

@
% $ < @

@ A A < . A@
@

@ A '

@ @
>

@

%
# @ = @

,
,
'@
> ' > '@ '

>.
% A
A@
'

> ' '

= @
> '
A@ L @ @
@

% #@ < @
>
> ' A

% @ <
@

<
<= ,

@ A
<

A @ \ > ' \> '@

<

%

> ' @

@ A > '

@ <'

'

' @ 0 0 L@

,
% # @
< <
<
= <

% -
'

@
0
@ , @

< @ > '\<'@ <

<
% # > '

0
'

< <

> '%

,

' ,
0
,
@
0
@

>

' % < , @
'

@ A .@ .@ %

' @ A

@

, ,
A <

'% > '

%
-
>
'
<

> '
> '%
-' <
> ' <
@ @
@ @ A
@
,
, < '
% . A
A
L@
' @
,

'% -, ]%
S4D
$
XV@

0 @ < B# % 347Q!
<
> '

B ; @ & 368

$>V > ??% - < 0 @

S48
3449! @ # @ , P
,
< < A >

> '

"
.

<0
'

' > < ,

%
# A@ L @ =
>
@ ,.@ <% # @ &
> ) @ < <
'

>

@
@

> '@

> '%

A @ < G G ! 3448!

(
, *
@ (

<
S4S
*%
'
. ,

' A @
@ ,% - @ @

<
@ E@ @

,

@

'% )

S4Q S46
<
! 3449! B % 3448!
,

'

%

! 3449! <
$
), @ &
] ,@ $

@ &A @ 2@ &A
@
,
> %
- ,

!

A >

&% % < (

,* @ > -
% ]V@ < ,
A ) >
L
& F, % 2G
%
- ,
,
( *

@

( .
* Fg
c
G ( * A ,
E

,
( *
\' (

* (L *% #
= @
(>* .

S4D
$
XV@ -, ] V% ) X " ->
% ;X Z V" + < T, #@
347Q!%
S48
$
XV@ -, ] V% - > + % )V" T + #@ 3449!%
S4S
) @ &
>% (2

2<
*% 3448!% < ,@ > ) 1 ,
% F
%G
> <
$
P
%
" P
@ F3448G% % 897C 2
% (2

2<
%* 2
\H "
< > @ > % -
% % ;X Z V" P
@ 3443@ % 38%
S4Q
) @ &
>%
<"
> $<, 2
%
" P
@ 3449!%
S46
) @ &
>% )
> " H > , ($'* ) ;X Z V" P
@ 3448!%
36S B ; @ &

#
' -
3
,
A
A
,
( *
( * < A (\* ' % Z

, ( *
( *
(' *
( *% -
,

0 L
<

) % $ '
0 0 >

<= ,

% $ < @ < 0 >
.

@ L ,

. % -
'

@ @ @

% ;

'

A L

A % - <

' A @ ) @ ( >

*%

@ >>
=
A '@

% # ) @ < @ <

<C

<

<, A
>
'% - < 0 @ ! &+ -
S45
/ / 3445! @ )
, 0<
% '

,

,

A@ @

@ <

@ < % ) @ @
>
@
0

#2$2 ;. 3 <$=@"-!""">? )

*
,
&
&&
-
A

, A
@

@
' %
' @ ,

' ,
0

.

< @
A , <
, .
E % A

@ =

,
<
, ' @
< A % A

A

=
, ' =
>

.% 0 < L@

, ' @
@ <

,
A

" >
< 0% <

'

L E
??@

& F&
S47 S44 Q99
3463! @ % * 3453! @
/ 345D! @

S45
) @ &
>%% -' < >" > ,% ;X Z V" P
% F3445G%
S47
& @
% $ " > H $ % ;X ," Z T, #@ 3463!%
B ; @ & 36Q

Q93 Q9D
/ F 3473! @ / 3443! G@
F*
Q98 Q9S

! a 3455! @ / 3475! G V > F-
Q9Q Q96
"# 3479! @ & 3478! G%
- < @ % * 3453!@ & .<

' @ I )=@ V0@ %I%

&:# $ @ A @

@ 0 L

>

A A ><

E % $
A
@

@

A < ' > @ : % T

0
@
/ F 3473!@ & ,
> A , < '
> A <
'
% - ' <

=@
@
' .% ,
< ' @ @
A
<
E
A =
% -
& @

= @

' @

#
P @ >
> E

< A '

C A < A % - ' .

<

@
@
&

'
>@ A < %
>
, . ,
A

= % $L @

,
A
<
A <

@ 0 <@
A =

' % - ,
,
= @
@

,
A @ @

S44
& @
% '
" X >:+ > % # @ ;X &" #
T, #@ 3453!%
Q99
& @
% > # : " + $
P % # "
# T, #@ 345D!%
Q93
& @
% > # T " ; , $ $< % 2 >" + T, #@ 3473!%
Q9D
& @
% #
@ @ > + + % >" V T, #@ 3443!%
Q98
@
% (
< Z*% > $> % 3455!% % S65:S57%
Q9S
@
% # " 2 % +> " T +> #@ 3475!%
Q9Q
>@ V% > ;X + ) +> " T +> #@ 3479!%
Q96
>@ V% +
$ +>% +> " T +> #@ 3478!%
366 B ; @ &

#
' -
3
,"
, @
0

,
= > A ,

% @
@ < & @
A
0
<

=
0 @ %
< > <
A
0 >
% <

@ = @ <

0%
- G +
G % & 3454! A @
, A

;, + >
@

@ >

A

" A <

<

' > @
', A
< @

0 A E

,

%
-

@
A A 0 ,

@ , @ @
%
0
@

A @ '

< , >
>
@ >
>

A@ @
,. % <

@ @
<
' > .
,
> % T
&

< 0 - @ > < & 3478!
A
@

=
' @ >

' @ .
@ >
A ' %
@ A

C A > @

"

@ , A

A A @ @ @
A < A
A

% -

' , >

' @ ,.@
< <
> @ A

< ,

%
@

' , >@

' @ ,
@
' @
% ;

A@ 0 0 L@ >

> A '
0 ,

% A <
A < L <

% - =

B ; @ & 365

,

@

0 @

" ,

,

0
A , : A >
.@ < @

%
@

@ <
@
@ @
@ .
A

@

,
@
% @ 0 @

> @ @

<

= @

@

=
< @
>%
,

>

" @ <
, @

,@
@
@
<

% -
@ 0

A@
@

, 0
@ A@ @
A

< %

@ L
& > +

0 0 @ A " 3G
' >

,

A
% < A @
@ ,
% A > > <
A
,

@

@
,

0 % DG > ' >

'
" >

@
= @
@

' C 8G -
'
A@ @ ' @

, @ @ A , , ,
Q95

' %
- A

@
@

. 0 % - < <=

'

> A >
%
<

0 ><
' " .

@ @ A
' =
> @ '

%
,

>

,
, A > @ L +@ (

C
@ @
= @
Q97
,

@
>
@ A@
L
@ >
%*
Q95
+@ & >% > " R $> 2
% H'
" H'
T, #@ F3445G@ % SQ:S5%
367 B ; @ &

#
' -
3
#2$7 ;. 3 <$=@"-!""">?

4
&

A .

, @ .

<

, @ , <
' A

0 <

%
<
&= = , ,
< % -
' &! 34D5!@ = ,

A

,
> A

,
>> '
@
@ A ,

% + @ <

> %
,
,
>

@

>. @
,

0

, %
-

@

0<

@ . ,
A

,
'
@ <

% E , @

@

0 @ >

> ,
, 0

<

% $

, A <= <
L
( * , @
<

-
F # G

# F/
G% - @ 0
, $
&% $>
@
2 -,:s >% ; '

@ L >>

'

A 0 .
>

% < < :

0 , A

@
@ ,

<

A
% $
< '
'

%
A

% >> @
<

@ A

@
< @ .

%

A@ A A
.
@ 0
= @
% $ < @
, @
<

@

.
<= ,
, %
Q97
+@ & >% > " R $> 2
% H'
" H'
T, #@ F3445G@ % S4%
B ; @ & 364

#2$7$ ;. 3 <$=@"-!""">? ,. &

-
E
??@
A
-
P
-

+ .% - 0'
$
$>
FB
Q94 Q39
B 3464! @
$ B$ - < 3459! @ 2 *
Q33
> & & 3458! @
Q3D

< 345S! @ 2
B > & 3456!
Q3S
Q38 @
# / G * 3456! @ b
Q3Q Q36
# 3454! @
* G > 347S! @
Q35
2 & G F & 3449! @ J -
Q37
3 2 344S! G A .
,

;2]H@
T,

)
@

3479@
$% -

<
,

%
0
$>
" #% V@ I% ]
@ &% I@ P% s <@ %
)>@ % @ % >@ % P> P% R> %
T
0

0
, % >
<

F < @
Q94
$>
@ $
&% )

)" s
>> >> $ V% )>X" RX@
3464!%
Q39
$>
@ $
&% ' @ )
@ > V% >" )> $><> R@ 3459!%
Q33
$>
@ $
&% (H >

> P> $ $ + *% # @ 5@
3458!@ % 5:86%
Q3D
$>
@ $
&% - ' V% >" )> $><> R@ 345S!
Q38
$>
@ $
&% (H > ) P $ *) #@ 3% 3456! % D84:D6S%
Q3S
$>
@ $
&% ( X
# 2 *% %% , =V@
% #
%
" ; >
@ 3456!%
Q3Q
$>
@ $
&%
w
> X> % )>X:I<
" RX@ D , % 3454!%
Q36
$>
@ $
&% (> 2 > P -' " + ,
P @ @
*% #

Q%D 347S!% % DQ8:D5S%
Q35
$>
@ $
&% (H > + $
2 T $
*% #
> ?22 > + >
2 + , \
?22
k 2
+ % -
%
P )@ % B>" 2
% 3449!@ % D5D:D55%
Q37
$>
@ $
&% (] ,
. H *% ] V , > )V . s>
, ] @ ] V @

] % V " $>V@ 344S!%
359 B ; @ &

#
' -
3
0 @ < @ @ @ %G%
A

@ <

A
Q34

@ . ,
A

'
<= , @ A
<<@
A
E
% # A

@ , @

@
, @ A ,.
,
% - 0

A $>

A < % - ,

% - "
@

@ %

'

<

@
@

, < =

A
=
=

0 %
#2$7! ;. 3 <$=@"-!""">?

0

.

3459@ T,

:,,@ 2
-,:s > .
#

<

2,
+ F+
P> G%
,

>

=
@ <
@ A

,,

B
@
<
A

'> ,

B % @
+
0@ 2
) > , <= <

' % -,:s >

>

QD9

,

- > % >> @

-V>< F . 34DQ!G
<

@ -,:s > <= > A 0

, A
A ,. " <

,

h
-V><h ,
%
Q34
$>
@ $
&%

%

" @ F3449G%
QD9
-,:s >@ 2 % (# $
*% #
33F3G@ % F3449G%
B ; @ & 353

35D B ; @ &

@ , ,
&&
CC
@ , ,
&&
CC
@$ , +' D
&&
E

-'

- @
,> ,

@ @ ,.@ > A

, A - , < ,

28 3)
+ > , @ @
-

+ B
# F34D6G@

- > - % A > A > A
,

@ @ A - > @
A
H

- .<
% >> @
<
- >
+

)= F
' $ G <
A
- @ A < > .

@ ' %
P &V < A .

@
- > - "

@ #

+ B

#% - -
T

; F;, Z VG
$

B ; @ & 358

+% ,:$ @
A
= &V <

@ A
QD3

<0
-
@ -
# ,

-
%
, - >>
A <L .,
QDD

, & ] ,
, @
)=
$ , F A
<
&= G% +< <

-

@

-E <
@ E @
>

< %
-
A

E @
>
<
<
34S4!
+% ,:$ %
-

'
&:# $

% >.
<
>
A
>

@ %
- 34S4!@ ,:$ '

,

.

>>

<0
% ,:$ ><

$@ A

P
) >
A" ($k
>@ @ < V ,
<
>
> %
> $ ' > X> X V +
,:$
QD8

%*
QDS
- 34Q7 ,:$ < - @

A < %

, <

A
A

,
> A <

% P
) > &A

%
&A F@
@ & # G @
QD3
- @ % T
% ' " +-%@ F3447G@ % D3:DD%
QDD

,@ ., % Jk >
A
K% k % P,
k > @ Q% 346Q!@ %
6S:7S%
QD8
) >@ P% - $ % 346S!@ ;X Z V"
I@ F3467G@ % DS% 2
% (-
$ *% ,
% #
+ @ F3449G@ % D4%
QDS
,:$ @ +
% > % # " # @ 34Q7!%
35S B ; @ &

.

$% - <
> !
QDQ
3466! ' >
>

= A . %
FA ' A ,
QD6
, @
P< X G%
> < '

0 % H

> '

0
0 A
% +
R "
“La crítica estructuralista era fuertemente formalista: el significado de un texto, y
por tanto de una obra, depende exclusivamente del contraste interno de sus
partes, que constituye una forma reconocible. El placer estético posee por tanto
los rasgos del "libre juego de las facultades" descrito por Kant en la Crítica del
Juicio [...] El juego y el placer en el hallazgo de las estructuras de la obra de arte
constituyen el 'valor' que domina una teoría estética como la de R. Jakobson, y
es visible incluso en los escritos de estética de Umberto Eco de los años sesenta
y setenta. En tales expresiones filosóficas del estructuralismo, la libertad
experimentada a través del reconocimiento de la perfección estructural de la obra
en la experiencia estética tiene aún que ver con la libertad, en el sentido más
general del término. Si la obra de arte, en su uso lúdico y no utilitario del
lenguaje, muestra los mecanismos que regulan el lenguaje, contribuye a
intensificar nuestra libertad en la confrontación con esos mecanismos. [...] La
naturaleza formal de la crítica estructuralista, sin embargo, no da cuenta de la
popularidad de que gozó entre académicos y estudiantes, y entre la 'izquierda' en
general, una popularidad inexplicable si no fuese por otras fuertes implicaciones
ideológicas. Además de todo, pretendía ser un método 'democrático' de crítica. Si
la auténtica experiencia estética de la obra es el reconocimiento de las
estructuras, que en el fondo pueden ser descritas matemáticamente, tal
experiencia no está más limitada a un grupo restringido de personas cultas, a
'gente de buen gusto', a una élite, etc. La experiencia estética se vuelve más
parecida a la repetición de un experimento científico. La naturaleza democrática
del estructuralismo significa también que cualquier clase de "forma simbólica"
puede ser vista estéticamente y estudiada en su significado: no solo la Mona Lisa
de Leonardo, sino también los dibujos animados, los iconos de la publicidad: no
existe más la aristocrática diferenciación entre cultura alta y cultura baja. [...] no
existe superioridad del Occidente moderno frente a los 'primitivos' o al tercer
mundo. Todas las culturas, si son estudiadas desde el punto de vista
estructuralista, muestran una racionalidad propia. Si a esto se une el hecho, muy
importante, de que el estructuralismo se desarrolló como método hegemónico de
las ciencias humanas en la Francia de la guerra de Argelia y en los Estados
Unidos de la guerra de Vietnam, se comprende por qué el formalismo de
Lévi-Strauss ha parecido una especie de arma para la lucha política contra el
colonialismo, el eurocentrismo, etc. Todo esto significa que, no obstante se
QDQ
@ >% +> ) #"
@ 3466!%
QD6
< % # P< X% > " 0 0
> % #
>
% ) " -
;, R @ FD993G@ % 4%
B ; @ & 35Q

presentase como método puramente descriptivo, libre de todo tipo de metarrelato

y de compromiso político, el estructuralismo estaba profundamente signado por
un proyecto histórico. No considero este hecho como prueba de una
contradicción interna. Al contrario, sugiero que lo que está aún vivo de la
herencia estructuralista es exactamente esta ligazón del análisis formalista de la
obra literaria o artística a un proyecto de emancipación. Lo que hoy conocemos
como 'crítica feminista' está claramente signado por esta herencia. Incluso fuera
de un horizonte semejante, muchos aspectos de la crítica contemporánea
parecen descriptibles en estos términos. Sin embargo, el estructuralismo no es el
último paso. Su hegemonía de hecho ha terminado -la enorme cantidad de libros
editados en su época sobre estructuralismo ha desaparecido ya de los
exhibidores donde estábamos habituados a verlos hace diez o quince años. Lo
que ha venido luego no es mucho mejor; en cierto sentido es verdad, en
particular para la crítica, que vivimos aún en una época post-estructuralista. Esto
significa que no hemos creado todavía un nuevo método crítico. La popularidad
de la deconstrucción parece quedar confinada a su marco: sus aspectos
metodológicos (la atención a la forma, el gusto por el análisis de las expresiones
verbales, las construcciones gramaticales y sintácticas, el sincronismo
tendencial que no tiene en cuenta la propia historia de las obras...) derivan
claramente del estructuralismo, excepción hecha de una aplicación menos rígida
y de la mayor libertad del intérprete. 527
0 0 <%
B >
< @ <
A A

% -
@
>

<

> <0

% Z@
,0@
. J > > <

QD7
K
<= , @ @
-
, =
< < >>
A A @

@ < L A
@
@

<%
<0 A
A <=
= ' @

@

<% Z >< >< .
=

A

> @
,

>
. =% @

A

>

@

A

=% -

<
<
><@ A

'
@ =

,

><
,
% ' J A

K A,
, @ A A $
A
% - @

@ A @

527
P 3 // 4 ;;/ ' Z/ ' //
/ P / $ 8! I? )C=1))- B)***D )C<1)C*
QD7
) >@ P% ( ,

*% - ) ) " $' )@ F3478G@ % D69%
356 B ; @ &

@ , ,
&&
CC

> " F = "
>G
, @ @ @ < <

, , % @ A 0 > "

@ <

@

' F ' > : @

@ %G@

' F G% #

@ @ A
-

, % Z . A

.

A @ A

F . > <V =

 0 @

QD4

. <% -
" <
,

, =

% <
'
J K L 0<
@

@
@ %@ A > @

<"

< <

@ A - < A
< = % <

@
Q89
A % %
-
><

,
F =
,@
= G@ ><
=@ .0

< F
>= @ = G% - ' A@ 0 A

=@ ><
% # @
A = . @ % +A
=
.
A .
.
A@ @ , % # = @ .

>= >=
L <
@ @ ,
@

,

.
%
P
) >
A - , @
,

" (

L
*
Q83
0 > A
, A

< ( < *@ A A

Q8D
.@ A A ' % A
QD4

,@ ., % MO N% ) "
@ F345QG@ % 35%
Q89

,@ ., % MO N% ) "
@ F345QG@ % D8%
Q83
) >@ P

% ( ,

- *% - % % ;, - @
%
+ #= % ) "
$' )@ F3478G@ % DQ6%
B ; @ & 355

@ @ @ ' @ < F

"
A
' G% @

A
<= , L
,

@
<,

F
G
< @ @

A = <%
@ @ <
,

" , <

< % Z@
) >@ J

,

, @ ,

Q88
A < K% $
A <=
,
,
@
@
Q8S

<= 0
@
@ % Z@ @

=

A
<=
Q8Q

% + ,@ - .

>>

A 'A% T

Q86
, @ A ,

>> % %#

A 0 ,. >

<
C ' ' @

< >

@ >

.%
,

# ,

?2? < F ,

<= , @
@ < G
<
Q85
< F ,

<= ,@ @
,G% A <

% -

@

A

< % ) >
&V < @ B A .< ' @ '

,< < A
% +@ @

,
<= %
>> @ <= A
J K
,
,

,h @ @ 0@ B @
%h A >>
<
,

<
Q8D
) >@ P

% ( ,

- *% - % % ;, - @
%
+ #= % ) "
$' )@ F3478G@ % D63%
Q88
) >@ P

% ( ,

- *% - % % ;, - @
%
+ #= % ) "
$' )@ F3478G@ % DQ5%
Q8S
) >@ P

% ( ,

- *% - % % ;, - @
%
+ #= % ) "
$' )@ F3478G@ % DQ7%
Q8Q
) >@ P

% ( ,

- *% - % % ;, - @
%
+ #= % ) "
$' )@ F3478G@ % DQ4%
Q86
+@ & >% " - @ B

% ) " @
F3457G@ % Q3%
Q85

,@ .% MO N% ) "
@ F345QG@ % 34%
357 B ; @ &

@ , ,
&&
CC

, %
@ - <

%
T
<= >> - A

'> ,
<
A
< <
,
' A > <

< < A % T 0
@ = @ ' .
<
% # A
< .

< C
,
<= %
Q87
-
@ ,
% - < A A

< <= , F

<@
<@ %G

Q84

<@ ," A
<
=
<% #
@ <= ,
-
< < @ <

A < % - ,

@

FA 0 ,G@ A <= >>
QS9
@
>> % % -@ @
,@

% <

< @
< A
<% -
@
- < A > %

A
<

A

< % - 0 @ @ A
< <

@

%

) > 6 . 3466!+
“La objetividad requerida por esta nueva ciencia de la literatura habrá de
dirigirse, no ya a la obra inmediata (que proviene de la historia literaria o de la
filología), sino a su inteligibilidad.” 541
- <= ,
@ @ . %
,@
= @ < A <

>

0 . @ ' < %
+ A A > A <
C
> A ,

,

,% - -

<
,

A A

,

% #

%
A
><
=
= B A
< @
<
A @ < A A
@ 0
@ A
<
>

B
%

Q87
- @ % T
% ' " +-%@ F3448G@ %3D3%
Q84

,@ .% MO N% ) "
@ F345QG@ % 34:D9%
QS9

,@ .% MO N% ) "
@ F345QG@ % D3:DD%
541
$6 2 P [ ' :! & OO@ )*=, +>
B ; @ & 354

- @
,@

A

<

@
@ A 'A A
< 0 @ , A < A
<@
<
,
@ A% -
@ A

@

%
#
< ' @ @

,
,@ (A
<, <
QSD
< ' %* @
A > A

" > A '
<
< % j
A .@ = @
"

,

@

% + <
,@

>

A A > @
QS8

% $ ><
@ >
< ,@ , ><
<< % Z

" h
h .

<
,
@
@

<
A < @

% H
" A >
A > <=

@ < @
QSS
) O
@ @ A ( <=
=

QSQ
>> F < G@ < F G*%
H<, @

< '

@
< = '
% -
"

< A <
QS6
C L
%
# @ <,
>
@
QS5

A <
E h
- h

A A
= >

% P

A
0

' > A > A

=
QSD

,@ .% MO N% ) "
@ F345QG@ % DS%
QS8

,@ .% MO N% ) "
@ F345QG@ % D7%
QSS

,@ .% MO N% ) "
@ F345QG@ % DD%
QSQ

,@ .% MO N% ) "
@ F345QG@ % D4%
QS6

,@ .% MO N% ) "
@ F345QG@ % D5%
QS5
- @ % T 2
% ' "

+ - % F3447G@ % 387%
379 B ; @ &

@ , ,
&&
CC

<% # @ A

'

=@ @

,
,

="
' 0 <
% # @ '
A < <@ A @

<@ < @ ,@ A

, <
%
+ < +@ ( '
A '
QS7
<

C 0 %* -

A@
A > , >
> @
- < <= @ <= A
@ @ <= , '
% $
A
% -
" =
,
A
%

0
>. =

@

<= @
@

@ L A
,

> % #
) > A

- ,

@

' % - @

<C

A > <% ' - "
“El estructuralismo desechó simultáneamente el objeto real y el sujeto humano.
Este movimiento doble define el proyecto estructuralista. La obra ni se refiere a
un objeto ni es expresión de un sujeto individual; ambos son descartados y sólo
queda entre ellos, en el aire que los separa, un sistema de reglas.” 549
QS7
+@ & >% " - @ B

) ) " @
F3457G@ % QD%
549
8 ( /9 # :7! )**G )G

%
-

@ ,

@

% -

@ A
A ' '
@ <LA

@ = @
QQ9

$@

% +
B 3436!@ ) " -

@ 39Y
% F3453G@ % D96%
B ; @ & 378

,
" 0

, >

% H

@ ,
@

"
V

A

, %
- >
@ @
,0
'
L

,%
-
,
P
) >@ > @ &A @ 0 @ &A

% -
>

,

,

> %
A!
< ,

> A L A

@
@ A B

,
>% -
, , > A

E '

@ 0
>

@

%
- ,

. <
( *
,

,

@ @

B @ @ % - > @

A @ , @

<

@
: , ' % # E 0

= A <

><
A
A +> V

@

@

: @
0@ ' > %
A (

, @ 0
<

,
*@ @
' << <
@ A <= ,

A
< A >

@ %
A!$
4
F
&& F * G
&&
H

0

,
@
< . 0

A

,
@ A ,@ , @

37S B ; @ &

A , ,
&&

%
-
>

( *
0

:E % @
<, A ' ,

. @ @ , @ + & +@
+ # $
@ E Q4@ SS@ S8@ 8D %&%+%
QQ3
, % - @
@ @
QQD

@
% $ < @ E @
QQ8 L
<

% -
QQS

@
@ ,@

% -

A

A

@ .
A
,
% @ 0 @ < F G@ A F
G@
@ F G@ @ %@
%
QQQ
- 346D j ), <

( * > @

B

R222 A ( *@

A"
QQ3
@ ¢% F
G % +¢%@ ,%@ #%@ + @ <
0<@ 0<@

@ <E@
¡ £ @ @ ¤@ '@ F
% <%G ,% % @ @
@ >@ @
@ < C @ = ¡ )0A. % :E % ) "
P $ @ F3469G% %3635%
QQD
@ ¥% F
cG% % + " F%G % + @ +%
> <% ¦¦ $%
+ =

% + C $% <

C !@ +%@
@
@ .
<% ¦¦ F0 %G #% + 0 % ¦¦ +%
<
<< % @ ¥F
G % %% + £ @ @ ¤@ '@ @ F
G% ,% %
+%@ % @

@ @
@ % L %
+%@

@

< C @ %@ @ A.% ¦¦ +%@ ,%@ R%@ %
+ @
@ @ , % + @ d% +%@ ,%@
C
+ 6 d $ +%@
, % )0A. % :E %
) " P $ @ F3469G% %S68%
QQ8
" F % c G <

% ¦¦ D% <

% ¦¦ 8% <
A 0 <
@ @ > @ %
¦¦ S% A%
@
>
@ A@ = @ ,

%

-E %

" P
-E % F344DG% % 4D3%
QQS
% % @ % @ @ @ %! 3% <
C C % D% $ >

< @ <
@
@ <
% 8% @ @ @
< <
% S% ,@ >

< > > X> C @
% I< c ;X + % %" 1 +% % F34Q4G% % 7S3%
QQQ
& e V $ " 1 + %@ 346D@

), @ j% # <
B @ (- * B @ R 2@ ' " $ R @ F3453G@ % 43%
B ; @ & 37Q

“En el curso de los últimos veinte años, el término "estructura" ha recibido en

lingüística una extensión considerable, luego de adquirir valor doctrinal y en
cierto modo programático. […] no es tanto estructura el término que en adelante
aparece como esencial, cuanto el adjetivo estructural, para calificar la lingüística.
Estructural trajo en seguida estructuralismo y estructuralista. Fue creado así un
conjunto de designaciones 556 que ahora otras disciplinas toman de la lingüística
para adaptarlas a sus propios valores. 557 […] No es cosa de asignar a la
lingüística "estructural" su campo y sus lindes, sino de hacer comprender a qué
respondía la preocupación por la estructura y qué sentido tenia el término entre
los lingüistas que fueron los primeros en tomarlo con una acepción precisa.” 558
-
),
A 34Q3
( * ( * ' B @ A

)=
A"
“Las palabras de la lengua no son de nadie, pero al mismo tiempo las oímos sólo
en enunciados individuales determinados, y en ellos […] no sólo poseen un matiz
típico, sino que también tienen una expresividad individual más o menos clara
(según el género) fijada por el contexto del enunciado, individual e irrepetible.
Los significados neutros (de diccionario) de las palabras de la lengua aseguran
su carácter y la intercomprensión de todos los que la hablan, pero el uso de las
palabras en la comunicación discursiva siempre depende de un contexto
particular. […] cualquier palabra existe para el hablante en sus tres aspectos:
como palabra neutra de la lengua que no pertenece a nadie; como palabra ajena,
llena de ecos, de los enunciados de otros, que pertenece a otras personas, y,
finalmente como mi palabra [...]” 559
Z A
<

,

@ A < ( *

,
@ A 0 <

%
A
( * <=

@

3489@

B A (
', >
@ B A
<

<

*% -

@ A v v <=

B

<
'
%

,

556
R % / E/ '# 7K/ /K/
://
G # )*-) / Q 69 %
2 6 \&// /\ 8 E 6
6 & )*-- <G1)CG
557
% // //9 / "#
558
R ' K/# K/ %F / E] # K/
# 6 # K/ 7 /
/ *- #/ R / 3//4
/ " F
)*,G +G) >C<! 3 // 4
559
$F : : 3 % /'4 9 '% :! & OO@
)**< ,=<
376 B ; @ &

A , ,
&&

( * >
3436@ ), A"
“el manantial de este movimiento estuvo en la enseñanza de Ferdinand de
Saussure […] recogida por sus discípulos y publicada con el titulo de Cours de
linguistique générale. 560 Saussure ha sido llamado, con razón, el precursor del
estructuralismo moderno. 561 […] Saussure jamás empleó en ningún sentido la
palabra “estructura”. A sus ojos, la noción esencial es la de sistema .” 562
H

$
+
,:$ @ <
E 34QQ =
- *<% 2
$@ B

@ < A (
=@
0

* A
<

@

% @

A

@ A

%
$ < +% ,:$

P
) >
A"
“Saussure's notion has, of course, also been taken over and elaborated in the
field of anthropology. The reference to Saussure is too explicit in the whole work
of Claude Lévi-Strauss for us to need to insist on it; […]” 563
-
A
0

A

+% ,:$ = P%
& < < 346D @ A ,:$ (
* "
“Quizá sorprenda encontrar en una revista de antropología un estudio
consagrado a un poema francés del siglo XIX. Pero la explicación es simple: si un
lingüista y un etnólogo juzgaron oportuno unir sus esfuerzos para tratar de
comprender cómo estaba hecho un soneto de Baudelaire, es porque,
independientemente uno de otro, se enfrentaron con problemas
complementarios. en las obras poéticas; el lingüista distingue estructuras que
muestran una analogía sorprendente con las que el análisis de los mitos revela al
etnólogo. Este, por su lado, no podría ignorar que los mitos no consisten
solamente en ajustes conceptuales: son también obras de arte que suscitan en
560
% )*)+ / /%9 9/ &% 9 ' 6 2
/ / / / /K/ &// P% )*-=
561
3/ E# //4 $ :% 3&// 6K/ 4
6# &// 7 )*-> )= % ;
P HI/ / //J E^
)*-+ )*)
562
$' L % "# 3//\ "# / @ :7! & /
)*=) *,
563
$6 2] / $ 8' 8' # $/ ;! 8
9 / )*=C ,> # '/ 9 9 /9
)**C ,*
B ; @ & 375

quienes los escuchan (y en los mismos etnólogos, que los leen en

transcripciones profundas emociones estéticas). ¿No será que ambos problemas
constituyen uno solo?” 564
A!!
4
D
&& E * D
&&
E
-
@ A@ ,
E @ >

.

' @ >
<

% -
- <, ' > @ @
@ 0 @ @
>
@ @ % -
A

3469@ .
A
' 0
,
>@
F+% ,:$ G@ FP% ) >G@ 0
F&%
G@ , > 0 F% G@
' F% >G% -
>.

<= , @ > > @ A L

' % T .

@ v v

>

@
A @
> F
0 ,:$ G

@

%
A!/ ,
&& ? 6 I ,&'I *
4
$ > >
( *% -
@

Q6Q
- V F3459G@
)< @ <

<
Q66
0 @
& %
A!/$ )
$L @
>

@

@
A

% +
A
C A

0 @
@ ,.@

@

A A

0

A %
A ) <V . =

0 <

@
J :
K F :
564

N% 2 '1&/ / 3H J 6 $/4 B)*+,D // /
$6 $/ ;! R/' 9 )*+C ))
Q6Q
)< @ C )
@ #C
@ C @ % &%C >@ # # @ &% # <

% ' " -
$ R @ F3464G% % 4S%
Q66
@ & %
%

" .@ F3479G@ %39S3: 39S6%
377 B ; @ &

A , ,
&&

G@ A

=

<
@ A A
A L >

<
% +
%
)< A
A (

A ,

<=

-, F<

37Q9G
) <V F
0 A <

34S9 <

' 0 0

= G*% <
< A @

@
J=
K %
<0@ A <
@
0 @ @
< @ @ @ B @ % A

>

@ @
@ @ ' @ @ @ @ ' ' @
A
A<
@ A
% A@ @
k k L
=

L @ L
=
F< G
% - =

J K% @ <

A
J
K" 0 .

A
><

,
<
% #

, < g c@ g c @ ,@
g

c%
# @
A

=
%

J K
< C

@
A ,

A
% >
A

% + A

=
A

@ < F > J <KG ,

L A @
A

J

K

<
C ,

%

, L

, @

0

>

% A 0 >

.

P A E A

= U

J
K U@ L @
@ A

% + ]% #% H> A

< .
>

@ A
0

= 0

0 A >

'@ @

@
F G
% + @ A@

$@
B <

<
@

.
?? >

>
" <
F->G
F] V@ ]BGC

>@
, %
@ " (
<=

, F G J K

' > 0 @ '

> F << G@

, A >

, < g c

A

J
K A
@ >

J> K@

F > ,G@

A

J K J K ,

,. 0 ,
> %
$
F G

@
J> K

A
< %
- <
@ @

, %*
-
,
% Z .<
?R22
> >

% - < @ ?2?

0

F + @ ] ' < $G% -
< $ < . ,

< @ . ,

%

@

( ,, *@

,

% # $@ (

'

A

*%
-

# <

.
" @ L # @

, <@ A "
F
@ @ %G@ ,

F@
@ 0<@ %G@
F
G , % $ < @ % P% P
:) X
+
,:$

< " P
:) X

F
G% ,:$ @
$
349 B ; @ &

A , ,
&&

P
@
( *

(
*@
@ A

'

F
G%
A!/! ) ) J&
% <
=
A

,
% - ( < *

< . @ ( *@

A <
% - (*
,

Q65
(0 *%
# , . L F

@ 0 @
G
(> *@
@ ,@ , = A , @
Q67

@ %
A!//

T '
@ A
+%
$" ($ > ><

@ >

0
Q64

*%
A"
“Podemos tomar como definición, la que aparece en los diccionarios: la
estructura es ‘el complejo orgánico de los elementos de los que una cosa está
formada, de su disposición y de sus relaciones’ (Passerini Tosi). En literatura, se
podrá llamar estructura a un esquema métrico o estrófico, a la distribución de la
materia en cantos o capítulos, etc. […] Hoy sin embargo, […] se podría aceptar
esta amplísima definición: “La estructura es el conjunto de las relaciones
latentes entre las partes de un «objeto»”. 570 […] “Es muy rentable la pareja
sistema-estructura, en la que la estructura es una de las realizaciones posibles, y
la que se realiza de hecho, entre las posibilidades ofrecidas por un determinado
sistema. Efectivamente, cuando en otras ciencias se habla de estructura, se hace
según una concepción dinámica, como indica la definición de Piaget: «En una
primera aproximación, una estructura es un sistema de transformaciones que
comporta unas leyes en cuanto sistemas (en oposición a las propiedades de los
Q65
# @ &% (T

*) # <
% )< @ # )
@
@ %
&% @ # > & # % ' " -
$ R @ F3464G% %38% $ ($ <

< 0 *

)< % %39D% -

#

)< <%
Q67
# @ &% (T

*) # <
% )< @ # )
@
@ %
&% @ # > & # % ' " -
$ R @ F3464G% %38%@

% )<
]%
Q64
$@ +% #
0
' ) ) " + @ F347QG% % S4%
570
& 7 $! # )*<- >*
B ; @ & 343

elementos) y que se conserva o se enriquece gracias al juego mismo de sus

transformaciones, sin que estas conduzcan fuera de sus límites o atraigan
elementos externos. En resumen, una estructura comprende: totalidad,
transformaciones y autorregulación. En una segunda aproximación #y teniendo
presente que puede tratarse tanto de una fase muy posterior, como de una fase
que suceda inmediatamente al reconocimiento de la estructura# esta estructura
debe poder dar lugar a una formalización. Sólo que hay que tener en cuenta que,
mientras la estructura es independiente del teórico, tal formalización es obra
suya, y puede traducirse inmediatamente en ecuaciones lógico-matemáticas, o
pasar a través de la mediación de un modelo cibernético.» 571 Este proceso
dinámico precede a la obra literaria, está implícito en su elaboración; y puede
también continuar, en caso de reelaboraciones, o nuevas redacciones.” 572
A!/2 6Q :R
Q58
)z E A

% $L
> @

< < A
C

0

@
,% - >
0 "
0 A

@ A
,

.
C
, @ %

@ L
@

@
Q5S
A
< .
%
A!/7 )&SQ
ST

=
> ,@

Q5Q
(A< <
* H
d> )z Vd ,Ve"
($
,
@ >>

@ , 0 % $
"
0 A

A % #

,

@

@ A

>@ <@ = @ g c F G@

% ¡!

=

A< < @

@
@

¡! -
571

//:! @ & )*=G G* R &! 8 E7 7/
# / % @@@ %F &9 // ' / )*==
572
& 7 $! # )*<- -,
Q58
)z@ H
d> ( < *% - # <
@ ;[3@ R " -
T,

R % F345DG% % 4%
Q5S

@ P % ('
?? *) +
H
d> )z ( < *% # <

@ ;[3@ R " -
T,
R % F345DG% %33%
Q5Q
+% & Vd ,Ve@ $
. V% #" F3466G% % 333%
34D B ; @ &

A , ,
&&

@

Q56
*%
A!/# ; :

j ), ( *@

A" (-

L , E @ v v > 

B
, % ¡!
;
B ( *
@
>

A
A

B A %*
Q55
A
( * <=

F3489G@

B A (
', >
@ B A
<

<

*% -

@ v v <=

B

<
'
%
$ L
( * 3436@ A .
E.

$ <@ F 6 .. G@ A
>

% &0 <
Q57
( * A
%* ),

A ,

A @
" ( A 0 A
*C ( @

< ¡! A

<

*%
-
'
,. A
B @ P% &V < @ $% ],V@ ;% <V =@ F34D7G ,

Q54

% 2
< A $
)

+ % .
( * ( *
7A" 7A$
% u ) ,
@ @
#% P
Q56
)z@ H
d>% ( < *% # <
@ ;[3@ R " -
T,

R @ F345DG@ %4%
Q55
J$
v v
> K@ " 1 + %@ F346DG@

), @ j% (c- c B *% # <
B @ R 2@ ' " $ R @ F3453G@ %43%
Q57
), @ j% ((- * B *) # <
B % R 2@ ' " $ R @ F3453G@
%4D%
Q54

2 +
@ 34D7@ % 86:84@ 76%
B ; @ & 348

A ' A % % =,
(

Q7D

*
A!/@ 0
& # <
0

A (
' @
A
@ F

G A
, A =
@ A
0 0
' *% + A

@

Q78
: %
A!/A 3KS
% % , =V '
U '

@ A < ' G
<

> @ ' >

A <

> <% $E A
< @ L

<
, A
>< @
@
%

C <= <

Q7S
> %
A < J K >

A >
J K@

L

% $ > % -

A

J0K >

J0K >

L @
<
0 J
K@
>

J K@ A
>

% - F ,G
k k > ><
@
7A"
:
I , 0 J

)4? I <$==/>I .=@
7A$
:I U
G,
&&
+ 4
* 4

JJH (

&& * 4

JJ? 5
:
I 5J ) - I J
SI 1 :&

? ,I & I ,
)(.
I
<$=@/>I .=
Q7D
P @ #% J @ @ k, K% - 8Q@ F3465G@ % 79S@
#% P @ J

K@ # F3464G@ %78%
Q78
# @ &% - ) ) " # @ F345DG% % 5%
Q7S
=V@ % ,%
' " T A
) ) " #
+ % Q@ F3474G% %QS:QQ
34S B ; @ &

A , ,
&&

< @
J K J : K
@ <
= >< A
J K J K

J K%
$ >

=
< @
< @ ,

>@

,
@ =% -
, >

<

% #
>
, >
A

, J K% $ < @ ,.

k k

< A
> A %

, L

, ,
< % T
0

>
@

@ '
A >

, g
c , g
c% - J K

?? > 
' I >@ ] ] V I ]^>%
A!/= : 5&

)
P > E
A

=

J
K @ L
%
C
L

0
A,

J K

%
P
A
J
K
J K
<
@ > >> ] - ^ <
R & + - - / - F34Q4G% $L @
>

,@

A

@
A
A

,

A A< J

K% $

<=
, F G J K
' > 0 @ '

> F << G@

, A >

, < g c

A

J
K A
@ >

J> K@

F > ,G@

A

J K J K ,

,. 0 ,

> % $
F
G
@

J> K

A
<
% - <
@
B ; @ & 34Q

Q7Q
@

, % %
A!/$" 5
# $>

0 .

"

< A
,

< 0 %

@

,

<
,
Q76

%
A!2 ,
&& ? &

,
( *

A > B @ @

% - @ >
A
C A A
<
C

C

A
0C

C
'

C
=

A
,
% -
.

A % -
F
G A >

<

(* @
(D§D¨S*@ A (
* A

@
A '

% -

.

" (
*U
=
U <

% T
.
A
'

%
$ < @

A A =

@ <

< @ @
< @
=@ 0
0@
<< F 0 G@
, <
A
B %

< A > E
@
< FA

> A @
A < G L

< < A ' <

A

F

@

@
GC

@

@ <
@

< F =

G@

,

@
. @ @ %
F G@
Q7Q
@ & %
%

" .@ F3479G@ %39S3: 39S6%
Q76
$> @ P < % &% $ " 2
) ;X ," Z T, #@ F345SG@ % 39
346 B ; @ &

A , ,
&&

A ' <

<

@
<

<

< % - @

A

.
A B @

@
@ < @ =
0 %
H
A B A
% $ < @ A A . (

0 *@ (

*@ (

*@ (
*@ (.
*@ ( > *@ ( ,*@ (=*@ (A , @

*@ %@ 0 < (, *
Q75

%
) >
A @

@
<= @ > A ,<@
< <= @

0

%
T

A

A
A
A =
A< <
@

@

@
A< <
% P
@
A

<

@
, F
@ G@ , F @
G% -

%
'

A
F @
G@ UA A

U@ A @ F

G@

@ A

@ @ C A
,

< @
@
A
Q77

% -

@

>
@ = < ,

A @
) >@ ( >
Q74
A ,<@ < <= *%

A

' A
< , < @
Q75
) >@ P% ( ,

*% - % ) " 3465% % DQ5%
Q77
+% & Vd ,Ve@ $
. V% #" F3466G% % 394 )z@ H
d> ( < *% # <

@ ;[3@ R " -
T,
R % F345DG% % 39C -

%
) " , @ F3455G%
Q74
) >@ P

% ( ,

- *% - + % ) " -
$' )@ F3465G% % DQ5% +

) >@ P
@ (-
$ *% , % #
+ @ F3449G@ % 54%
B ; @ & 345

0 =0A% $ A

@ 0 , C A

@ A
C % @
@ ( . , = <
C =A
<

F

<G

Q49
( *% Z A@
@
@
A
,

<
@ A <

% -'
, @ <0

( *@ A A 0

, @ < , , , @
Q43
' %
-

<, < "

,,% @

A

< < A
C

0

@
,C
A

,

.
A
, @ C A

%
< < A ,
'
<
@ k k k k@ A
<

@

0
< A

( *%
A!7 ,
&&
? 6 I *
4
A!7$ , :

P

' @ @
L ), " (A @ A
,

@ < ,

+ B

#%

, A ,
Q4D
, = %* . <
# #
Q49
+% & Vd ,Ve@ $
. V% #" F3466G% % 394 )z@ H
d> ( < *% # <

@ ;[3@ R " -
T,
R % F345DG% % 39%
Q43
+% & Vd ,Ve@ $
. V% #" F3466G% % 394 +
)z@ H
d> ( < *%
# <
@ ;[3@ R " -
T,
R % F345DG% % 39%
Q4D
), @ j% ((- * B *% # 
( *% # A < " (# <

A

@ %%%!
*% A ' . (


( *

" (-

A @

F
G*% -'
" ( A
. %%%
<
'
> @
.
A

%*

A <

@ L (
<@ ' @
F
G
<

* A (;

<
Q4S
'

><

> %*
P

@ ),
>> A 0 '

, A ( *

(
%* A @

@ <V = 0
<
Q4Q
@
' A (

@ < 0 A

%%%! @ , .@

Q46
0 @
%*
$ A

<
, " (

>
@ .
@

> @

, A <
0

,@ A ' L
% A

% %%%! T 0

0 < 0
Q45

%*
#
@

Q48
,'
+ A
#@ 2@ #@ F34D4G%
Q4S
,'
+ A
#@ 2@ #@ F34D4G@ % 7@ 39@ 39:33@ 3D@ D6%
Q4Q
<V =@ ;% $% J > K) #>
) #@ F3488G@ % DD5:DS6%
Q46
<V =@ ;% $% J > K) #>
) #@ F3488G@ % D88% +
), @ j% # K) #>
) #@ F3488G@ % DSQ% +
), @ j% # 

>
0"
“Este origen es, sino confuso, por lo menos ‘disponible’. Se lo puede considerar
muy lejano, si se remonta el espíritu que preside el análisis del relato y de los
textos a la poética y la retórica aristotélica; menos lejano, si nos referimos a la
posteridad clásica a Aristóteles, a los teóricos de los géneros; mucho más
cercano, muy cercano incluso, pero más preciso, si se piensa que en su forma
actual se remonta a lo que llamamos los formalistas rusos, cuyas obras han sido
parcialmente traducidas al francés por Tzvetan Todorov. [...] Desde el punto de
vista metodológico, (no ya histórico), está en el desarrollo reciente de la
lingüística llamada estructural, y que a partir de esta, se produjo una extensión
“poética”, mediante los trabajos de Jakobson, hacia el estudio del mensaje
poético o del mensaje literario; hubo una extensión antropológica a través de los
estudios de Lévi-Strauss sobre los mitos y de la manera en que lo empleó uno de
los formalistas rusos más importantes para el estudio del relato, Vladimir Propp,
el folclorista.” 599
) > >
,

A << F @
@ B V G@ A <=

E 34D9:34DQ <

<@ A@ A

@ ' = @

+
#%
$E A (

,
699
<=
B P &V < %*
- 346D!@ ) >
>
'
"
“el estructuralismo, en concreto, puede definirse históricamente como el paso de
la conciencia simbólica a la conciencia paradigmática: hay una historia del signo,
que es la historia de sus «conciencias»” 601 .
Q47
<V =@ ;% $% J > K) #>
) #@ F3488G@ % DSQ:DS6% +
), @ j%
# ,<-
699
) >@ P

% (- 0
%
> @ 39:33*% -
=% ) "
#
@ F347SG% % D7Q
601
$6 2 P I / ! ;/ B)*+,D 3 9
# B)*+>D $! &7 $ )*<G G><
D99 B ; @ &

A , ,
&&

A!72 &
K

< ),
A .
( * ( *
,

B A
>. =, 34SS% +
% =, =

, F @ B G @ >
>

( * F
<G <= F=G

% +
@
0
. <= @

< 0 ,

F>> B G% <

@ U <= .<@
@ < (

*U@
" (

69D
<<
< %*
$
> A

<

A

(' 0

'

F.G
*@
(
<

@

%* A (
,<@
(
*@ A
> A <=

698

*%
A!77 5
?
# $>

,
@

%

@
A <

,
C <
<

'
<=
,
A
C <

A
@ ,
<
,
,

< <

@ >

<
69S
< <%
A!7# , :K(
$L ) = 0@

@
E A

34D9

<

@ A << %
69D
=,@ - A% + >" ;
V $ ] @ F34Q4G $" ,'
+ A
+ >@ R % ?22% +
), @ j% # % $ "
% ;X ," Z T, #@ F345SG@ %3D%
B ; @ & D93

“1920 could be considered the limit of the third paradigm, structuralism, although
such influential works as W. Conrad’s Der ästetische Gegenstand and B.
Christiansen’s Die Philosophie der Kunst had already appeared in 1907 and 1909
respectively.” 605
A!7# 0&
- " (

.
*% $L &%
# @ A A

A ,. .
% $L
@ , , 34QQ@

696
+
,:$ < %
A/ ,
&&
? &

-

@ ,

@

% -

F ' ' G@

, >

%
H

@
, @

%
,

< @

% < =

< > 0 @
0 A
<
. % -

<C

< A

>>
%
-
E

< @

,

@

><

@ 0 0

< 0
% +

.
,
<@

,
( %
-
,

@ ( <= *@
A
@ @
F G
<= %
$ @
% -
<= @

,

@
, @ ,
< @ @ E

<= @

605
$F &' &// 6_ 3; ' /N// / %4
;N `9 $/ ;!
6 $F /%6 )*<- ,,
696
# @ &% # <
% ' " -
$ R @ F3464G% % D5
D9D B ; @ &

A , ,
&&

, @ A > < @ > @ @ <
A . %

@ ,

&V <

' % @
<0
'
) >

% # ) >@ ' ' %

' > <

@
.

=@

> % # ) > >

A > (<* F 0 G A A
(<<*% A <<
< A L

,=
@
'>

% A <

@ A L
>% <<
, ) >@

' A < A

0
@

%
-

) >

A

, % @
@ ( * FA

,G

' % +

'

A

% $

<

A

@ , %
;

,<. A
C <
E % -

, 0@ A <

,
,

0% - A

>< ',@ '

'
>
@ A
><

, ,%
) >

0 '
0% A
(

v

' @ ,

%
<

0
,
' .
, %
) >
@ @ ,
' @
,

Q63
695

('* 0
& 3783!
). @ &'(
697
3459! % 2
<
<,
, ( *

@ L@
,

0 %
. A
U ,
'
.A

>U < ,

' >
,

A , % -
,
.
( *
' @ A
@ ,
A
695
).@ % J$i
, " $K 3783!
>% ©, i
%
).%%%
#" +>. '
'@ D9 , % 7% F37Q8:37QQG%
697
) >@ P

% &'( ) #" $ F# 59G% 3459!%
B ; @ & D98

) > A @ A

, >

, =
' % ) > A
>
'<

%
- <

'
A
E % - <
. ' %
) > ( * @ =
> @
J K% < <

<0@ AE

% T

) >@ A < (
* A
(
*@ A @ = ,

%
A2 (
,
&&

0

&&

A2$
+
.

&&
# . @ > <, ,
<< 0@

, > @

@

E 69
%
A >

-
/
694
%
-

'
= %
2

<@ @
@ %
A . 0

, 0 %

L E

@ B @ @

@
@ 0
% -

> .
, %*
A2$$ &
, << 0 , <= ,
.
0 , 0 = ,
F# G@ A ,
@

694
& @ %@ ) % # % T
: %
<0
: %

% $ " T+-% F344QG@
% D69%
D9S B ; @ &

A , ,
&&

@

@ =
, <=

@ ' @
<

0 ' %
34S4" -

, <=

639
P IV % I%
34QS"

IV I
<=
I% ]%
633
I @
A >. , F ' G
F
=
G@
<= ,
<
% - <= , 0 <

@ = %
34Q5" + > ) V I% ]% I <
, L < >

63D
@

> @ A ; >
638

<

@

@
0 : A @
' % -
+> @
63S

@ I ) >%
63Q 636
3468" ,
P IV ] % T @ '
, .
, %
A@ =
,

@
, <

0%
A2$! 5&' ,
&&

#
= @ , A >.
,
.

@ , @
% R , > <0

=
>

< , %
3459" - 0< = @ <
< A ,
,
635

@

2 >

637
-
T
P>
V - % -

639
P IV % I% > % ;X Z V" @ 34S4!%
633
I% ]% I % > R< 2 @ $
> # %] V" T, ] V #@ F34QSG%
63D
+ > ) V I% ]% I % + " $> % +> " T, +> #@ 34Q5!%
638
@ ; > % + % # " T, # #@ F34Q5G%
63S
I ) >% > P > % +> " T, +> #@ F34Q5G%
63Q
P IV% + + ) ;X ," Z T, #@ F3468G%
636
] % T %
> % -X
+" # :@ F3464G%
635
> @ F
G% 2
$ ) ;X Z V" >< V% F3459G%
B ; @ & D9Q

>
@ 0
,

$@ ) >@ &V < ,:$ % -

=
@ A < @
@ @ B @
< %
@
,@
@
@ #
%
634
345D"
&
, ,
@
% # & >

B
< <
$% +

L@ >

,

' %
6D9
345S" <

@ P% $>

, % R
@
,
@ , ,

@

@ '
<

# @ &V < @ ,:$ @
,@ ) > %
6D3
345Q" & > + <

% B

@ A
< .

@
,

,
A .
E A

0
'

' %
6DD
3455" - 2 @ XV >

'
:,% -
@ . @

%
XV ,
" ,

0 ,

0 A
% A @

' @ A ><
0 <
, @

,

% XV ' <
,:$ @
6D8
&V < @ @
, ) >% - E @ #> # .
637
P>
V - @ F
G% > $ + ," > +
> $
) ) " > & > V #@ F3459G%
634

& % > # : @ + $
P ) # "
# T, #@ F345DG%
6D9
P < $> % $ ) ;X ," Z T, #@ F345SG%
6D3
& > +% $ # " $ @
> $
)
" P

]
#@ F345QG%
6DD
XV% $
$ ) )V" T, + #@ F3455G%
6D8
#> # % > + $ @ ) )V" T, + #@ F3455G%
D96 B ; @ &

A , ,
&&

B @ U

&V <
+> VU@

I C

<

< 0
<
,:$ %
6DS
3457" P < X ,

% # >
, >

2
@
@ $ @ :# @
@
# P @

,:$ @ &V < @
) >@ @
, % # <

0

0

' %
6DQ
3454" & > $ V . L

@
@

'
<
,:$ @ @ ) > F &%
$ VG@ F
I> G
F & > +G%
,

0 .

E 59% $

C
<0 ,
<C
@
B .

% ,
0 0
<0 A 0 ,

,

0 %
A2$/ ,
0

&&

A ; >

0 @ A
>

,

0

' % -
>

,

@

3459
%
6D6
3453"
& ' >

'
% # . <

@
)=@ @ V0 $ @
@
V '
@ A %
3457" <

0

6D5
> R
HX &% % - A < 0
P @ A > @ @
6DS
P < X% $ @ $
$" #>
$ :+ >
% #>
>"
#@ F3457G%
6DQ
& > $ V% $
$ ) H'
" H'
T, #@ F3454G%
6D6

& % '
) # " # T, #@ F3453G%
6D5
R
HX &% % 2 ; , ) " T, #@ F3457G%
B ; @ & D95

=
' . ) I 2% <

@
P < &` #
%
#
A
> @

> , ' A <
' ' A
%
6D7
3454" ) @

<
qV ,V
-V><@ A >< ' >

@ A
L
@ '
>@
V )< A
@ , B
%
6D4
347Q" + <
<=
)=
,
, .
34D7@

)= A@

'

@ ,.
%

:

<=
0

'

%

' @

> '
>.
' ' ' @

', .
@ <0

B
0%
A2$2 4& '

> .

+ %@ F3454G%
6D4
% % )V> #% %
,
,% > >
$> >" + 2
$ # )
+<
" ,
T, #@ F3473G%
689
2
@ P % > I V " 2, > )
H @ @
> )
-, " ; >X T, #@ F3458G%
683
P 2
% > + > I V % -, " ; >X T, #@ F3458G%
D97 B ; @ &

A , ,
&&

688
= > % >

F
G@
@

<= ,

<
@

F

P G

' @ <@ @ <% -
0

@ A
0

' %
68S
3457" +> -% P , $ =

<=
P
0
' %
68Q
3479" P
@
'

>
H
@

0
@ <@

@ %
>

'

@

= , .%
A2$7 &
686
345D" $XX
=

%
685
3458" -.< > ) )@

@ = ,@
) >@ V0 )>@ %
687
3455" P
+ X
& > -@ A
A >

2 @ A , <0
= >

<
@ 0

) >@ ] ,@ > %
684
3473"
&
' @
68D
P @ #% 2 > "
> $ ) I >" > ' +> T, #@
F3456G%
688
-% % >@ &% R
2 ) +> " T, +> #@ F3456G%
68S
+> -% P , $ % > #> > # P " > > I V% ) " ) #@ F3457G%
68Q
P @ #% > P > "
$
> + % "
T, #@ F3455G%
686
@ $XX
% > $ %
" #
#@ F345DG%
685
)@ -.< > )@ F
G $
@
X >" # ) V@ F3458G%
687
+ X
@ P
& > -%
" , $
> > > $<= )
P

] #@ F3455G%
684
& @
@ > # T " ; , $ $< ) 2 >" + T, #@ F3473G%
B ; @ & D94

0
0%
-
, ,

@

@ B @
0@ @

%
D39 B ; @ &

&

&

=$ ,

'
$ <, A
@

< % -
@ L

A

,

% - @

<

%
O
A ' ( * F
> G A
L
A ' ' @ @ @
@ %@

@

,
@
@

: @
, F <

( >

*G% < A
A
@

F < G >

<
F @
A
G
<
(
*
' % - L ,. <
@ 0 < % -
B ; @ & D33

@

]^> ,

% - < ,
+ " (>
> > > @
X>
6S9
' <
*

, @

F G

#
:

, A = ' <%
# @ A > 0

,
>

:

@

"
@ A

' @ <

,
@
" @h = @

34Q9 < .
@ +
#@ ;
@
$ .@
+ @ ,

+ @
,
+ @
<

@
,

+<
h@ B F

IV I
34S4!

0
3S

DD E <=

.
6S3
. 34S4!F3453G %GC % @ < A <
< A
'
IV I
@

'
.%
,
. . 3466! A

>

(
* (
*% - >> @ <

, :
, @
E A ,

<

- % @

3469@
6SD
A $ . >.

.

H
F

@

,
?2? A < @

0
@ %G A
+ (
B
=
6S8
%%%!
@ P@ I @ +@ %%%!@
%%%! @
@
@
.

,
%
6S9
+ @ % 2
% @ > @
+ $ )# " # T, #@ FD99SG% %
39:33%
6S3
IV@ P% I@ % > % 34S4!% #" $ F# AG% F3453G% F34Q6@ 34S4@ 34S5@ 34SDG%
6SD
$ .@ % ' Va% a . . a> ) B> 3469!F3464G%
6S8
+ @ % 2
% @ > @
+ $% # " # T, #@ FD99SG% %
D%
D3D B ; @ &

&

P
@ A >
<
> @ <

' ,

@ @ = (*@
A >

'
= %
=! & ,&'

'

- ,
A > ,

@ A

> >

: % $ A

@

.

<

@
A ' =

A
>
<
> < %
@ =
0 @ B @ @ @

@ @ @ @ ,

,

.
??2@ 0 ,.
@ A ??

F = @

GC
0

> =
<

% $ <, A <
,
: >

+

:

,

@ A > A

><
L <
% #
A
><

< ><

%
$ < @
>
<

=

, ' @
.@
=

@
@

=
' @ .

@ 0

@ %@ A >

@
A > <

' L 89 E %
=/ -' ,&'

'

T

>
@ >

' : A
% - A >

% @ A < >
0 ,A@ A >

A ??
@
<
L >

-
T
%
T $ , -E@ <

@ >

%
- =
, =
< =

,@ A >

AE h

: h
% -
< A '

,
A

0

@ A 0

% -
<, A

< .

,

,

@ H'
@ +> @ Z@
+<
@ + <@ # @ ,
@ ) X@ & > V@ + @ %
=2 && ,&'

'

6SS

% I% ( =

*
,
. 0
@ @ @ <
;, + C <
C
' ,C F <@

G@ <

<
C
<

> @ %@
>.

<= %
=7 B (+ 3

'
-

0 <
<

@ A , "
@ P\T $ , @ -E@ 2 @ @ @ # @
+> ,A@ -
T

; %
@

<

%
6SQ

0
0 @ @
0
<
@ >
(
6SS
@ bV I% - "

# 34D7:34S6% ' " $ R % 3Y
%@
F3477G% % 3D%
D3S B ; @ &

&

0
F

.

0@ G > < *

'
%
,
>
< % T < '

<
0 @ A ><

@ H@ 0 /0<% $
< @

E 3449
<

@ A

@

F
,
G @ @

,
%
=#
3

'

A > ,

>
@ @
@ 0 E % - A

F
G@
@

B %

,

%

A
>

C
@ .
, %
=@
3

' .&
*
6J &
, < A < <

A >

A 0 < > ,
0 @

<

' %
.
@

<, A
<

@ < @ A <=
@ A > =

??%
$ < @

A
<

, , @

@
F .
, <= ,G ' <

, , @ , % - @
6SQ
$,

VV +>
' @
' +>%
B ; @ & D3Q

<

<= @

0

,
"
ª

ª
'
ª >
>

ª
,
> >

@
ª ' " 0 @ @ > : @ %
=A 5+ :J'

<= @ .
@

<
'

<= % - ,

,
A

. <= @

% - >> A

<< 0 A '
>
>
'

>
< A

@ @ E L

'

%
$ < <<
< <
@ .
A A %
D36 B ; @ &

GH 5

' '
6S6
5
' '
-' A @

% - (, , *

0

F
@
@ <= , @ %G < , B A >

%
@ @ ( *@ (> *@ ( *@ (*@

E >
, % - 34S4 E< A
(,

)<*@
, <

0
,

0

6S5
< @ B % - 346D

@ A@ (# = @
# > ,
0

6S6
+ =
@

' @ @

@

< % R% , < %
B ; @ & D35

0 @

( * <

(+
*@ A
(*@ @ >

@

<= ,

@ @
@

% - (, *@ <
,
# <
=< A ' @
, %* < E A@ ( J K
< J K@ A @ J K 0
,

6S7
, >
A

0 JLK%*
P
( * A (- @
% - 0@ A
<< L

%*
>
(> * A

A A
> F

(

@

,

6S4
> *G % # , @ >

A

(> * =
,
<
@ .
@ A

> 0 A

%

,
@

( *@ ( *@ (> *

. @ @ @
A @ %@ A >

F

> G@

'
' , C A
A
0< : @

.

@ .

%
, 4
-

, < g c % > A

, < % -

g c A, '

g c

A

<= %
6S5
IV@ P I @ > @ ;, Z V" F34S4G@
$ > % ;> #

IV@ P +
+ % +" -

)<
T,

+
R.@ F3467G@ %
Q%
6S7
IV@ P@ +
+ % +" -

)<
T,

+
R.@
F3467G@ % 3D%
6S4
-
% R% ) " # @ F3479G@ 5S7%
D37 B ; @ &

>

,

.
% #

F

G% #
,

'
>> % H

< L
% > >
A
0
.
< @ A

',
E 0 A
<
<

% T

, ><

L " (T

,
<,<
= >> <,

6Q9

>

%
J K @ < @ ( J K
?*

<

, ' ,%
A A
< < =
' ,@ @ ,

.@ = F <G%
, 4
< ( *
,@

A

@ @
A
@ % R

< @
'@
A
<
' @
A , %
=
, @ < % PA A

A , @ 0 , @ 0 , k

k% Z A ' %
, 0 G H
# <
@ ,
,
@ ( *% -

% $
<
@ <

<
< A < >

F @
> @
,@ @ ,

G@ <

A
F @ @
@ @ G@

' ,<%
( *
0 ,
" (+ . 0
@
A @

@
A 0

@ 0
: 0

,.@ :
, 0 @
, 0 @ A > A <=

,.@
A
6Q3
A >< <
%*
= <

6Q9
@ & %
%

" .@ F3479G@ %39S3: 39S6%
B ; @ & D34

6QD
% %
+

"

<= ,@ ,
<=
@

' @ ' @
@

6Q8
= @

%

A =@

( *
6QS
@
@ '
% - '

6QQ

@ @ , @
@

, =%
6Q6
H $L @ ,<%
T 0
<
'

< " @
B @
,

' %
$ >
,

0 :
0 '

" 0 ' % - >

F# @ 2G B
' FR =VG%

=

@
< A
> 0 < ,
6Q3
& @
%
R" $ @ -
+
% $
+>" T,

) +E@ F344QG@ % 3D5%
6QD
0
. @ & % ( ;
*% $
@ +0
." $,
#<
T,

+0
.@ F344QG@ % 39%
6Q8
& @ % ) $ " T, @ F3449G@ %339%
6QS
R P = % . < %@ D% $
+>" H@ FD993G%
3444% % 34%

' 3 (

' ' @ A
< v

v v

v
@ >

%* D" (# @
, A ,

> < 0

@ ,.
><

>
A
A
@ A
= 0 @ @

A L @
><
'
0% '
A
A

, A
@ A
A
F A A
A
=
@
, ,

@
A
,

A

,
L G@
\ <
@ <
@
<
@ A

,
' F
(
*@ @ (*@
G%*
6QQ
& @
%
R" $ @ -
+
@ $
+>" T,

) +E@ F344QG@ % 79%
6Q6
P :]@ $> >% (; , *) + # F3478G%
DD9 B ; @ &

=

L @ <

,%
4

,
<

< < "
\

' C

' C
F @ ( *@
E G

' @ 0 A ,

%
A ' =.

,

=


%

<

< %

E

<

@ 0 <

, %
4
- @ @
' @ % -
6Q5
' A, 0
% @ $>V
. @ A

( 0 , = *

A@

A
A
>

>
0 , @ A <, ',

,

@ A

%
' A (

0@
@

* <
<
(MO
N*
> '> , , << 0 <

@ A" ( 6 ! @

A J K
<

A ,>

*%
- ' @
+
A
6Q7
. -
V F

2
2, $

@

34D8G%
( + ><

g
c ,

6Q5
$>V@ I% -
+

" -
%@ +0
@ F345SG@ % 4%
6Q7
% V>@ %
@ % @ % X >@ -% ) >@ I% )=@ &% <@

%
B ; @ & DD3

><

A

>
A

>
6Q4

*%

E @ -
V , ,

'
@
"

0 @
> 0% $

<= @ A
J + K@

@
@ , < . < , @
= @ %
-
0
,

,

,

<
0

@
'
%

,
=
, @ , A
A % # @

,
,
A =

,
A ' < = , %
-
,@ , "

%
P>.< =

,
@ <

A
, @ , A <,
A

=

,

< F
0
G%
4
F G

% $ > . 0 @

?R222 > % - ?? ( * >

A < ,

'
>

' @ >

><
% - @
>

( * ( *
@ A

A
<

%

0 .
@ A
@ 0
' @ @ =@

@ > % ; = @

= %
@ 0
@ 0 @ A
,

@ F A 0

@ 0 @ A
@ < A <@ 0
. .
@ %G 0

:',@ A '

0 @

<= , %
6Q4
) @ P% &% F
%G <

%

" -
% +0
@ F3477G@ %D8%
DDD B ; @ &

-

" ( *
( *"
<
@
@
. @
@ ' '

( * 0 %

<

( * ( *" P
@ . "
( @

"
@ @ ' @

@ %@ 0
.

% -

@
< 0
@
<

(
*% $
( *

,
L@

669
( * ( * A %*
# @ ( *

A ,

,

( * A < < < @
@
(= *@ @ =
<
@ < @ A >
<

@ .@ C
0 ,

663
>C @
@
C > %

A < <

<@
A
66D

' @

' @
> '

<<%
-
@

,
@

( *@ ( *@ (> *

. @ @ @
A @ %@ A >

F

> G@

'
' , C A
A
0< : @

.

@ .

%
- 3468 IV <

34S4@ A A (
J K

@
@
669
.@ @ '% >
# @ +
$>. >%
%) % "
T, #@ F3475G@ % 37%
663
+% P IV%

F35Q9:34Q9G

?R222%@ 2% # %

"
-

@ F34Q4G@ % 5:7%
66D
P @ I
@ +V % + # P % 2
> % ) " W, -
@ F3447G@ % 6Q%
B ; @ & DD8

@ A

<
@ J K
F
0 AG J> K% # @ J
K

A < %* Z
668
A
, 3468 .
%
$ < A < <

<
F @ AG@ , @
,

> < =
@

@
. % $

(
*"
0 %
T

(MA N*@
A > 0
A
v v
< A
A

=%

@
A <
( ' *% #
@
( ' * v< A *% #

>
@

@ : @ @ @
> @
@ < @ % >> @

@ L < @ , @ %@
( ' *
%

@ @

%
# A

0

>

@ A

' ,% ,

@ A
,

' %
@ L A
@
<

0

' % # = @

,
#
FB G 3453! -
> 3454!G <

"#
@

> %
A >
> ;, + @ @
@ @ : @ ' @
@ , > @
@

@ %
0
, ??@
> A

= F- &!
668
IV@ P% +
+ % +" -

)<
T,

+
R.@
F34Q7G@ % 3D%
% -

P
. @ (+ + *% + " Z T, #@ F3468G% (

0 > >> > .
> 0
,

" @ = @ A > > @ @

@

L A ' > % H > % -

@
< ,< " =

<
@ ,

)<

0
,. %*
DDS B ; @ &

!
=

A /.
G@

?R222 ?2?

%
@
@ < 0 ,
>
%
.+'
66S

= : =
@ ,
A > <

>> @ =

.

'
,
@
=

> F @ > @
B @ %@G
, @
@ @

% #

= A@

0 @ <

@ ( .*%
4 ,
&

P &V < >

<

66Q
( / * @ A
<

%

>>

<

' @ >>
@ < @ @
@

' @ @ < @
> @ %
,
' ' -
T
,
>

.

>
>> ,

% -

@

A A A

>>
> %
- ?2?/
,
< 0 /
A ( >

>>
@ ,

,
*% T <
A
0

,
> 0 A

<= ,
> @ 0
A

>

66S
& @
% (-

$ *) B ;[ 39% % 343:D9S@ F3445G@ %344%
66Q
(
(
*

@ A

,
< <= , @
%
A ( *
,

( 0 F ' G*

B % , 0

0 ,@

A L A

0

0 <= ,
,<*% P &V < % (B # *% -
B @ # ?2R%
) " @ F347SG@ % 8Q9% FH% 345S@ +<
@ %G
B ; @ & DDQ

<
0 >%
>>
> >
@ % -

@ >
A @ .@ L '
666

% + > +
>

A >>

A

C
A @ ' <= ,C A ,

,
@ A A @ @ @ ,

0 <
,
< %
>
A

L

% @ > ,

<= , < @ A
<= ,

% $ < @ A A

,
% > @ <

> @ A 0 A

@
A >

,

> % ;, -
@ <.

)
@
> @
> 0 A
>

% $

> " >
@

%
- ,.
> @ @

@

@ <

% - > > ,
, .
A @

A, >
@
A >

%

,

??
< A

@
> 0
< ,

< A

>> > : %
@ >> @ A
@ A >

@ A

@ , A , @ <0

0
A >

,

??%
@

:

> < V_>
(
* ( .
* A
F' (* - +
#
G% ]_>
A
666
( > <= , " >> C

>>
< A >>
<
' A >

@ @
< ,
'
' =
' % - >

< >

* FG L 3 ; @ P @ 3746@ % 8D:88G $ @
@
+

% ' " ), @

+ - @ F3446G@ % DQ%
DD6 B ; @ &

(
' *
@ A =

.
< ' @ A
' .

@
@
, @
, %
# @
@
>> >
:

' =

0 @
@
@ A

<

< < FA<
0 G%
6. 1' .

% $
@ @ ' @

@ %
665
.
L %
- A A

<

0 , @ \

@ @ . F= @ , @

@ @ @ %G
<=

. % $ '

A

@ @
@
%
##A

&

( * A .0

(+ A
, *% $ < =
(
*

<@ ,

,@ <0

, @
\,

,<%
6. 1' .&
$
@ , @ < ><

665
.
' % >
# @ +
$>. >%
%@ ) %
" T, #@ F3475G%
##A
3&I < -& > $ ,
9&
. &J &
? 3& %I K

.L +' .
M N . I . &

M N .OJI & 1
. M !
9&
. &
M % ! 3 3& I

.I & +

I
. .&
I ' . J I
*
.
'
.I
J( +4 & . K& , &
' .&
& ..I & & +'M .&

& I
(

J
, &

I . &
.I
.

9&
.
+

B ; @ & DD5

@ ,,C

@ >
A ><

, %

,

P-@ = F
@
, @ G g c@

A
'% P

< h < . A <
,, hF > >> B g cG@

F <,<G F
664
> G 0

@

L =A A +

:

@

A A , A >

,

FG@ A >

,

` F< G% -
>

(
>
* 8
P-%

@ @ ,
F
,

G

0 g : c ,

,

F< G g : `c% $ <
L <
@ <
<

0
@

:

' @ , = A
.
< , > :

%
<
A A <

@
+

:
@
0 ,
#,@ F
G L

+

:
@

@ A
< A
#

.
,% #
@
<

??@ A F G
> ,
%
$ <,@ @ A

g c
g c@ 0

g c g c , @
659
= , @ A <

F;X + GC g c F A

G@ g c F
G F 0
GC
664
> F % > @ @
%
,% >@
>
G % %%%! 8% P @ @

@ %@ A ><
.
<,0

%%%%! FP-G
659
: F% % /lmnop ,
% /G % , A
@ @ @
, " %%%!% FP-G% $= A
<

@
" @
@ ,
% - > % < C @ @ %

,

C F-$-G
DD7 B ; @ &

g cC g

g

c @

@ g0 cC
g
c g
c

, @
,

gc g c FM
NG% -
@ g
c@ g
c@ g
c @
A
' ( * ( c F
g0 c A

0 B G% -

g
c A L

,

F > E D996G@ '

@
,

@ @

@ A g c g c <

= , @ ' %

A

> <

0 @ A

:
@
0@ @
@ 0@
< A < 0 5D
-
34Q5!%
G:H . '

*
'
+ " < < A . '
@
A
<@ ,L
A <
F<G A < < A

% - @ =.@
F G@

% $
, @
,

@ , %
" A < ' '

@ = @
<@ A
% >

A

?2?@ =
@
(> >*@ (I> *@ , %
G H ) 0 &'

) 0 &'

>
<,
>> A >

#

F

@ G
%
B ; @ & DD4

-
A
> F ,

,G
@ @
@
%@ A

A .

@

0 @
@ ,
A
,

@ <

, %

@ >. @ @

>@
@
A <

F @ @ %G

% -

< A

=
,

@
'
@

<= ,

F> , ,
<
0 @ @
@
@ %
- A A

<

0 , @ \

@ @ . F= @ , @

@ @ @ %G
<=

. %
A A

< =

@ @
A
> A > '

>

% T
<LA

, ' ,
<= @
,
A

% -
<=

, @

,
0 @ @
@
> @ % H A <, <LA

,

@

A ' , A % -

(f a A (*@ F =
@ ) >@ "# @ %G

(f a*
-

< ,
0

A <

> @ ,. A
0

0
', A >

%
-
@ A @ <
>
@ @
@ %@

A .
@ @ @ @ @
%@ A

%
-
,

@ @ 0 0
A . B @

A
,

, A .@

A
D89 B ; @ &

,

% - *% #
= @ E
' L

B
= @ ,

, %
' >> A ><

,

',

A
= ', ,

A %
@
,.
@
,

@ =
@
@
@ ,

A %
'

,<
,@ A@ >
,
L ,

% # @
,

= @

(, *@
,

%
H ,

@ @
@
F

G@
0
@

0 A =

@ '

@ @ @
@ % $ < ,
,

=
% $
@
0@

A @

'
0@
, ,

,

A% - @
= 0
,

@ @
0 0@ A
%
# @ g> c F
+ G

=
,

@ @ 0 0 A@

0@ .%
,

.

F G@
@
F
L .
G@
,

@
@ 0 0
F
,

+ G % T > @

=
%

A <
0 0

,

A > > > >> ' " ,

0
% 0
@ @ ,

0@ >

=

, > ,

><

@ E.@

@ % -@ @ ,

L >< A .
,

0 % #
@ ,

0

B ; @ & D83

0 ,

B %
,+9&
4? 3+
I &.&

* )
T A

@ @

@
A ,

,

%

A (-

'
= % 2

<@ @
653

@ * @

< @ ' @
%
# @
,

A '

A A , A

,

= % -
@ = @ @

@

@ . @
<
A
@
E@ @ @

A

@ < =
<

% # @ <

A
L

%

@ F
@ < @ %@G

= @ @

.

%
-
L

F
: G@

F G

L
F G
% -

65D

@
@
,

@ ' , %
. >

0
#@
<: ,
653
& @
@ ) F-
G% # % T
: %
$
+>" T+-% \%@ # # " # :- % % D69%
65D
) >@ P

% ( ,

- *% - + % ) " -
$' )@ F3465G% % DQ5% (-
<= ,

,

@ ', @ ( <= *@

A
F ( *G
<= % @
@

<= @

@
@ A <= A <=
> A
,<@ @ @ < <= % - > < @
,,
C %%%! $ < @

, @
,C
<=

,

@
, @ ,
A <
" E

<= @
, @ A > < @
> @ @ <
A . %
D8D B ; @ &

0 F G@ H

<=
' ,

@

<< @ <,@ ' .
L @

F- G '

, %
-
, 0 @

<

F
G

, 0 F
G@ A

,

' ' F> G@ .@
< ,. @ @ @ @

@ @ % - <:
@

0
@

=

F G %
- , 0 @
A
@

@ A .
0 .

,
F . G

A % -
,

A +

: .
F
G

, F @ @ @ %G

.

F
0G
.@
@ A
<= ,
F 2 , GC ,

,
A
@
L@ @ @ @ %@ F '

@ @ @
@ +
@ %GC <

@

F G@ , @ < F #!G@ %

658

@
% $ < @

A

> <@
@
A F' @
@
B @ @ %@G A L >

' @ @ L '
A ,

@ A

65S

<

A ' %
-
@ A > .
, 0
F
0 G@ A = <=
H@ ,
. @ A@ A
@ @

. A @
@
@ %@
658
($
>> @

<
' @
> < A@ <
< <
@ > .
< A

% -
,

A >

E

< @

@ >

,
A , < 0 A > ><
*%
]^>@ > %
, %F> $ $ P, @ 346D!G% -
% E @
$ @ +>"

+ - +>% 8Y % FD999G@ % D3%
B ; @ & D88

<@ @ % $ <

,

<

F < G@
<
A
+

: @ A

=

,
A
@ .
@ A L
F
0
0 G @ @
@
@ %
65Q
- A ]_>
< ' ,

( *@

FA
=
<
G@ F
<,

>> G@
0 FG@

F
,
@

0 G
( * A

> A ,

. ,= @ FA<
0 G
, <
<
, @
<

% ,

.

<
A <, 0

%

@

'

@
A<
0 @
<
(,

*%

' =@
0 @ @ @
>> > %
# @ '
" FG

, @ =

C @ <
@ F<G .
0 @

@ : @ C < . >

< @ A
<>

,
FG >
A
+

#

@

< @ ,

,

% <
A '

<
%
-
,
# :

%
65S
-

>

> G & & @ , % ?R2@ S@
+
,:$ >>
T;-$+H < (

, 0<
+ $ *@ $ > @
+
,:$ @ P
) >@
% ' % ) " -
@ F3465G@
%@ Q8:74%
65Q
]^>@ > %
, C F> $ $ P, @ 346D!G% -
% E @
$ @ +>"

+ - +>@ 8Y % FD999G@ % D9:D5%
D8S B ; @ &

-
.
@
$ , @

=V «
"
$ ¬ E FG@ F=G@ FVG@
F G@ F«G®
@=@V@ @«
A <
FG E A F=G@ FVG

F G@ F«G%
# .
=

=
%
T A < '
0

A
=
- :
$

$ ®

@=@V@ @« @=@V@ @«
<
> FE @ 0 G@

F<
< =
G ,
<=

656
,

+

: @

' 0 @ @ @ @
, , 0 .

%
H A

> >

<@ ,

@ A
A ,

>

@ A @ ,

> <
%
# @ $ ,
=V «

"
F G@ F«G®
@=@V@ @«
A <
FG E A F=G@ FVG

F G@ F«G%
$
<, A <
@ =@ V@
<= , @
, % - A '
@ @

@ %@
,< @ A

@

@

0 %
-

A

=

% -

. H

0 % - =

.

656
& @
C ) F-
G ( <0
# :- %*
# % T
: % $
+>" T+-% \% F3475G@ % D5D% (

<@
<=

@ % $

:

<

, @ .

@
<
% < <

,

, > 0

@
,
@

<

@

@ >

@
@
%*
B ; @ & D8Q

@

>

E %
H<, @ >
<

@ A
@ @ @ %
3+
& 6 <& >

$
A >
,. -
' % $ H

% P
#

,.
A <
F

: G < %
& ' - < >
- A
=

,
A@
@
@ .
@ A L ,
@
@
@
@
@ % T .@ @ ,L@ @
>.@ L< @
%
& ' - < 6>
- + A <

(
*@

@
<

@ '

@ <@

% ,
>

A

??@ F G@
+

. <@ @ @ @
B @ @ @ %@ FP, P@ 22

@ . @ @ @ @ %G #
'
> % $ +H ,
#
#,

@ A @ @ @
< %
, '
$
A@
@ @
@
@ @
@
%@ A <
L

655
A <

<
>
F+ ' > G
< %
& (+
$

@

@
@ @ A

<@ < ,. < : % +
,<

% +

F G <

@
655
F % C %
@ >> G % 2

A > @ %

% D

" >

>% 8
" > r > ><
% $2;% 3 @ %
D86 B ; @ &

@ @ @

: @ %@ 0

%
3&
$ << 0

@
@ @ @ L @ <@ < @ %@ A
H <
,.@ > E
0

%
3&
-

,< <0"
, ',C ,C @ , ,C 0

657
C B %
3& ' -

=
, ' ,@ A

B @

, ',@ 0 @

% $ .

% +

,

@ A

%
3&

=
,@ ' ,
, ,@ A
, ',@
,@ , ,@
B @
,

% $ .
<

@
. =

< @ ,
@
@

@ =

< < %
L V00W
+
A < F G
,.% +
,<
% $
0
##!@ E << 0 > % >

,

:
E %
3' ' -
; < A . +

:

@
@ , @ @
@
@
@
@ @

@

@
F
=
( ' *G@ % - @

F
@
@ %G@
F @ @ @ @
657
&V < @ P % (+ "
# *% $ % -
%@ < > % $< V@ ;X Z V

@ > > # > 2 >
I 1 $ @ 2%@ F3469G@ % 8Q9:855%

$,@ R
$

"
@ F3454G@ % 3Q%
B ; @ & D85

%G@ FR@ #@ =@ <@ +> @ %G F @ @
@ %G@ = F:@ :@ :@ %G@
F@ @
@ %G -
.
FH . +
+ G%
' -
T @ , F< @ @ %G

$ , % $

"
=V «
F G@ F«G®
@=@V@ @«
A <
FG E A F=G@ FVG

F G@ F«G%
0 .' 3& <03>
# :

@
,

+

: % -
#

F
G A

> @
0@ @ <

E
"
0 @

@ @ 0@ @ @ %@ @
% $
<
A <

> : A @ <

,

F
G% T
, @
F
G@
@
@ A L

@

@
@ <

@ ,

<< :
%
0 .' ' - <0>
# :

,

@ A

@
+

,
#,% -

# @

A

% $

#

.

, F <=@ <=@
@ G@

,

F

.
G 0

#,

E

> F+ #$G F ' '
. @

G
<= # @

@ A L @ <
<

F @ @ @ @ %G%
0
0 &'
,+9&
4? 3+
I &.&

* )
T A

@ @
@

A ,

,

@ . F<
@

<
D87 B ; @ &

::
,

@ <
::@ <

G@

% - 0 =
@ <
@ @ @ %
. >

0
#@
@

< ' @
A
' %
-
, 0 @

@

@
<

E @

A

L<
F

GC

, 0 < ,.

% - <: @

0

%
- , 0 @

F, ' G% +

. ,

,

F@ >@ @ , @

@ %G% $
<= , 0

@
,

,
A
@ L@ @ @
%@ F '

@ @ @ %GC <

@

@ , @ << @ <
F #!G@ % -

, @

> @

%

< %
$ < @
%
0

, @
,
@
0

, <= @
'

<

@ <=
.
%
-
@ A > .
, 0 @
A = <=

@ , @ @
@ A
@ @

. .
A @

< @
%

,

'
>> > : %
-
.
@
$ , @

"
=V «
F G@ F«G®
@=@V@ @«
A <
FG E A F=G@ FVG

F G@ F«G%

: @ =
-

$

$ ®
<
>
@=@V@ @« @=@V@ @«
B ; @ & D84

FE @ 0 G@

F<
< =

G ,

, <=

+

@

' 0 @ @
@ @ , 0 .

% -
@ <=
@

%
$
<, A <
@ =@ V@ «
<= , @
, %

, > @

A
=

% -

. H

0 % - =

.

@

>

E %
H<, @ >
<

@ A
@ @ %
3+
& 6 <& >

$
A >
,. -
' % $ H

%
&
- A
=

,
A @ .
@
A L
F @ @
@
@ %G@

% - @ ,L@ @ @ >.@ @
L< < %
,
$
A @ @ ,@ %@ A <

L

A <

<
>
< %
& (+
$

@

@
@ A

<%
3&
-

,< <0"
, ',C ,C @ , ,C 0

C B %

.
+'
* JJ'
-
F A
@
A .
DS9 B ; @ &

@ %@GC 2

< F GC P C -
C
+
C %
L
+
A
< @

@
@ @
%
3'
; < A .

:

@
@ 0 @
. %

# @ $ ,
=V «

"
F G@ F«G®
@=@V@ @«
A <
FG E A F=G@ FVG

F G@ F«G%
G3H , . 0

, . .
T
@ L ]_>@ '

, % - ,@ @ ,
A < .
=@

,
<.: @ A ,
.
' , @

<. 0 A
<

%
T

]_>
> <
.

% j =
, % -

< A ]_>
.
k
k
0
%
+ 0
,
@

@
,
A< @ .

654

'X
% =

< @ ]_>

<
<
'
@ @ - -

@ -
. ..
, @ / % 2
654
> ]^>@
, @ F> $ $ P, @ 346DG% -
% E @
$ @ +>"

+ - +>@ 8Y % FD999G@ % 88:8S%
B ; @ & DS3

679

;X %
' ,@ A
<h A >
h

< @ = , ' 0
F A< A
. .. 0 /
% G
%
- #
" 3464

>
]_>

A ( 0 ,

< *%

A
.

<

=
'
.

@
, @
,

% < '

% ]_>

<
@ A ,

k:
k@

%

@
@ % # >

, % 2 .
>

@ A >
<

,.

, %
$ < @ <@
> ,
,

<

% - ' '
>

@ '

, %
- ' >

% #

<@ @
@ =
@ @ % -
0 <

.
%

<@ >
<
0 @ 0

<% >> @ << A > , %
# = @ A
,
. C

' A
=
C

C
, 0 , %

, A >

C
% - = @ , ,

A

% Z A

@

0

<% - .
]_> . k= k k
k@ A ,

679
> ]^>@
, @ F> $ $ P, @ 346DG% -
% E @
$ @ +>"

+ - +>@ 8Y % FD999G@ % 86%
DSD B ; @ &

A . , .

=%
-

, A @
=
" FG , C FG
C FG 0

673
% -
@ A =.
=%
O
< =. <

=
,
,

]_>

%
0
'<
,
,

%
$ < A

%
#
A
'
,
::

, > %
L
( '

< *@
=

( '
= * , >

<
<

.
,
%
]_> >.
'

< '

= @ >.

0

% -
A '

< @ 0
A

,% #

]_> ' @ A
= , ,

, %
- 0 ]_> A

'

=
,

0
% -
=
'
%
-
, <

=.

0 %
=.

@

%
- >.

A
=

]_>

% @ @
0
% - . < A < =.

<

% ,
]_>
,
A ,

%
, . 0
673
> ]^>% -
, ) F> $ $ P, @ 346D!% -
% E @
$ @ +>"

+ - +>@ 8Y %@ FD999G@ % 53:5D%
B ; @ & DS8

$L

F#
X>G

`h 0 :> @ > ,
67D
: @

(
*@ ??

A<
0 %
- A

` <,
'
A @ ,
A >

%
67D
&` P < % (+<
#
+ *% > P F %G - <
' "

% ' " T,

;
' " F3475G@ % 64
678
&` P < % (+<
#
+ *% > P F %G - <
' "

% ' " T,

;
' " F3475G@ % 63
67S
&` P < % (+<
#
+ *% > P F %G - <
' "

% ' " T,

;
' " F3475G@ % 63
67Q
&` P < % (+<
#
+ *% > P F %G - <
' "

% ' " T,

;
' " F3475G@ % 68:6S
DSS B ; @ &

#
#
+ -,
P +0 :> B

F&`G
678
P : , -

'
67S
> F&`G
2 ?? - : - -

< F&`G
67Q
$ ?? # $
='
- :
$ ?? # 2
B ='
: C

' <=
<LA

B
.

A

=%
$ ?? # ='
$ ?? #0 % O<
$ "% ,

0
,% )= ,

$ ?? -
-
' P
676
F&`G% + ,

'
(, * <=

%
$ ?? $ ' P
$ ?? ' P
0@ %%
678
&` P < % (+<
#
+ *% > P F %G - <
' "

% ' " T,

;
' " F3475G@ % 63
67S
&` P < % (+<
#
+ *% > P F %G - <
' "

% ' " T,

;
' " F3475G@ % 63
67Q
&` P < % (+<
#
+ *% > P F %G - <
' "

% ' " T,

;
' " F3475G@ % 68:6S
676
&` P < % (+<
#
+ *% > P F %G - <
' "

% ' " T,

;
' " F3475G@ % 59%
B ; @ & DSQ

G,H ) 1 &

X 3&
(

Y &
% $=@# X $=A/
675
-
>. <<
0 ,
<

1 2
' F3456:3478G% $E A

(
< *
<
A
0

0 , FL
G@ 0 A <= , %

L 0
% -

677

'"
(H Q9 < > X >

3456 3478
F > )< >G
X X > :< V %
@ > >
A , F< G@
> > @ <= , % F2 >
<

> > <= , > > X VC > > >
> X <= ,%G V X
@ A ,
> , % > @ >

>
,

=
> >

> V

% %%%! H > Q9 X V
@ DQ
X X ->@ 38 >@ 39 @
D P% >
P: < V V> % )V> k > ! R
R
Z%
# k % *< % : ,< ->
C %%%! X : > > X <>

> 3469@
,

> 3459% -> > '

> X > < '
X > % H X V >
>

@ @
: % 2 >

> 3456 3478 >
> > >
>

>
> > % X,@ < X> >
> > X %*
675

@ -% ( $ :) V " > Q9 X >:+ I V +
> 1
+ 2
'@ 3456:3478%* - 2 $ @ R % 39@ #>
>" 2 $ 2 @ F3475G@ %
393@ + + 36@ D9@ F3475G% + + 36"8:5@ % 39:3S%
> "\\> % % \r 3\
%>
677

@ -% ( $ :) V " > Q9 X >:+ I V +
> 1
+ 2
'@ 3456:3478%* - 2 $ @ R % 39@ F3475G@ > "\\XXX% % \ %>
DS6 B ; @ &

; H<
3 %$% ]_> > $ $ P, %
346D
D &% & T% 34DD
8 ;% + " -% 34Q5
S % I #> > 2,
Q ;% +> V > > $ '% 346Q
6 % > H
>% 3466
5 &%
H
7 P% ) > $\s% 3459
4 %
)
% 34D5
39 -%P% + -
>

% 34S7
33 :
>
>
% 3469
3D &% PX > & % 3453
38 &% & k IV% 3484
3S &%P% $ $> "% 3464
3Q &% + $ # "% 345Q
36 % % 3466
35 ;% +> V 1 % > $
# ->% 3467

37 %$% - > I
% 34DD
34 &%% X > X > I
% 346D
D9 I%R%H% O I

H<= % 3469
D3 % # P< > # % 343S
DD % I :#> >% 34DD
D8 &% & # > Z %
3436
DS I%+% ) > > P> % 3463
DQ +% ,:$ $ > % 34Q7
D6 $%
> 2 % 3499
D5 R%Z% # > > V % 34D7
D7 %% $ + % 343Q
D4 &:#@ $ )
; >% 34S8
89 $%% ]V ;
; % 345D
83 -% ), # < % 3466
8D ]%P% # + =
P "% 3468
88 &% -
8S &%
I
% 3465
8Q ;% +> V $ $ % 34Q5
86 P% & <
# % 3469
85 -%% > R
2 % 3465
87 +% ,:$ > $,
% 346D
84 -% #
> + -. #
% 34DQ
S9 #%) > $ + P % 3466
B ; @ & DS5

:%V
S3 %% )V> P # % 34SQ
S8 I% 2 > P
% 3456
SS ]%P% # H<= , ] X
"% 345D
SQ T%% - > $ % 3456
S6 -% <> " 34S6
S5 -%% <>
2 " 3469
S7 -%#% > > V > -> I V +%
346S
S4 &% < ] X

2 % 3467
Q9 ]%P% # > $ ,% 348Q
GH ) 1 &

X 3&
$=""-$=@@
DS7 B ; @ &

$
@ &= 3753 # f > (
P,
) =V ,V=K
) @ 3774 -

@ -

3499 F3499:3493G > T >
R V @ & > 349Q F349Q:343SG $
> V
+> @ 3494 #> >
]
)

@ >@
% 3439 -
>

A
k>
$V ,V@ RV 343S XV
I
$@ 343Q +
A @

$V ,V@ RV 3436 ] R>@ $

$V ,V@ RV 3436 s> .X>
R>

$= B

$ ,>
-V><@ ) 3437 I k k k >
-V><@ ) 3437 2
$V.
&V < @ P 34D3 > #
$V ,V@ RV 34D3
> P " $ k
$>
k@
$ @ , 34DD F34DD:34D8G - V
$>BV@ , 34D8 > $
%
= ,@ &= 34DS J > VV K
V@ 34DS
P,
$V ,V@ RV 34DQ >
#
b,V=@ ) 34DQ =
R
,@ RV 34DQ # <
&< 3
$ V
-V><@ ) 34D6 > > > >
K
) @ $ 34D5 > > R . >

V
)V@ H 34D5 P >
$ '
B,@ &= 34D5 <
> -, K
# @ R
&% 34D7 = V.V
= ,@ &= 34D7 # < > $

P &V <
-V><@ ) 34D4 -,
Vd ,Ve@ & 34D4 <
Xa # V
= ,@ &= 34D4 > , @ >
;
- @ I 3489 $, <
2
@ P 3483 > ] XV
<V =@ ;V 3488 Xa #> K
)B>@ ] 348S $> > "
$>
&V < @ P 348S I #
Vd ,Ve@ & 348S ] > V
Vd ,Ve@ & 348Q > @ ;
% R $
B ; @ & DS4

$ % %
% 348Q # < $ ,
)=@ I 3486 ] XV s >>
P
.<V
V@ 3486 - >

>
2
@ P 3485 R -V
> ] XV%
) V@ +% 3487 T

#
I
Vd ,Ve@ & 3487 > )

a > >
V
$>
&V < @ P 3484 $ .
Vd ,Ve@ & 34S9 $ V
> V

X>
: 34SD V > Z
K
+@ - % 34SQ $
K
,:$ @ 34SQ k A
+
> K
B:# @ % 34SQ #>

) V@ + > 34S5 > I:I > T" $
> $
#
Vd ,Ve@ & 34S5 s )
>> ,V>
] >
$ @ &:# 34S7 $ @ 22
# @ ] P% 34S4 ; .
> > $ K
$@ -
X
34S4 $
I @ + @
#
+>>,V@ ;% 34Q9 H< V ," k@ .@ ,V.,=
%
: 34Q9 # <

) >@ P
34Q8
.
k @ ,
j

)V@ R% % 34Q8 # < =
'@ ] % 34Q8 T< ]

-
->@ R 34QQ $
> + $ , P
+

@ 34QQ
>"
,:$ @ 34QQ A
+

;@ @ 34QQ ] , V , V ,

%
#= ,@ % I% 34QQ ]

$ @ -% &%@ 34QQ +
+>

%
,@ % ;% 34QQ ] = ,k ,
V> ,
DQ9 B ; @ &

R ,
X >@ 34Q5
> 2 "
@ < 34Q5 H $ P

@ >
34Q7 ; .
I%
]@ I 34Q7 R " $
.
,:$ @ 34Q7 >
+

V0@ 34Q7 I

,
P
#@ +> $% 34Q7 +
#
# @ R
&% 34Q7 > > V

<@ 34Q4 P I "
@ H 34Q4 -' ,% 2' $" 2 ,
;> P> > N
$@ 34Q4 +

<>@ -% % 3469
2 " $
> #>
# P
&V < @ P 3469
#
,:$ @ 3469 " P' ,
+

R
#
P>@ &B 3469
P,
P>@ &B 3469 > $ , >
$< V@ > 3469 $
%
< < ,@ ;% % 3463 = V V
;@ - 3463 > $ $" # < >
$ -'
$ @ - 3463 > H +
&%
) >@ - 346D -<>
s

@ 346D - - T > $ $

V
2, ,@ R% R% 346D ] V=
k %
,
&V < @ P 346D k > k
+> )

+

,:$
,@ $ P% 346D $ #
,:$ @ 346D # ,
+

V0@ 346D >
P " -
>> > >> R> B<

-V
$@ % % 346D H V > <> V .=
B ; @ & DQ3

$ @ -% &%@ 346D $ . V .= .V ,>

% " .
V
,@
$X.@
346D # + > T$$P@
34S6:34Q4
TV@ )% % 346D H V V ,
) >@ P
3468 $ P
.@ & > 3468
> T
@ % &% 3468

>

P . @ % #% 3468 V= ,
&
@
%
) >@ P
346S - A
) >@ P
346S H P
)
@ +
346S
L@ 346S >
.
>
; < >

,@ # %@
% 346S # $> P
- >

@ 346S #

@ &= % 346S V V k V" R,
@
V>
@ +> 346S $
$" $
>
P $
R@
P>@ ;> 346S 2

@ % #% % 346S $

2
R
zV@ ' 346S > > -> I V
)X>@
346Q # V
V@ $> >>
s %
)> @ & > %@ 346Q $
+>

%
VV@ % I% 346Q +>
$ , 2
34Q6:3469
@
346Q $ V
V V%
@ % I% % 346Q $a > IV%
&V < @ P 346Q O > -
@ & > 346Q >
+ %
#
@ P
346Q ; , + A , %

,@ ., 346Q k >
A

,@ ., @ 346Q >
" '

%
) >@ P
3466 + A ,
)
@ +
3466 A
<
< ,V@ $ 3466 # A ; , + AN + A <= ,
@ % &% 3466 $ A " P>>
>

@ % &% 3466 j >
k

DQD B ; @ &

>A@
@ + % 3466 #> > ; $
] @ 2% $% 3466 >> > >
D9 &>>

,@ % 3466 P " - + ,
P @ > 3466 < # $ " X >
)
k v > v

,@ ., 3466
%
)@ # %@ 3465 > $ + P
> V
+> @ $ 3465 > $ $ @ $ $ 2
.@ # 3465 '@ -
> #
@ R% 2% 3465 H

'@ ]% % 3465 < ]

-
Vd ,Ve@ & 3465 ]
# V
P @ # 3465 @ @ k,
)> @ ) 3467 IV%
) X@ )% 3467
>
@ HX
@ 3467 Ok : A N
)
- @ T< 3467 " 2
.

@ -

3467 ) P 2

&@ P%@ 3467 ;> > $>^ ]B

%
]@ % 3467 # $ V
> V
X> @
@ P < % 3467 P
R $
V ,@ R
3467 P "
# @ & 3467
# V@ 3467 P >
2 # <%
]
P@ ' 3467 # < " > +
PX @ ; 3467
k A A
$@ % % 3467 ;<=
=
V = =
V .,
=@

@ % I%@ 3464 # ,

> $ .
%
)=@ I 3464 +> )
" - V s
>
V
@ % 3464 < . > $ V
->@ R 3464 P " @
@ 3464 < ' > >
@ = 3464 )
>
$= @ 3464 s $ V :V
X= >
B ; @ & DQ8

X>
<@ &B 3464 -V
2 %
2
@ P 3464 -<@ ] XV
I " R a .
>V
]@ @
% 3464 I^ <>
]< V
]@ % @
% 3464 > ;
$ $ $" +
>
.@ P>
@ 3464 # > ] , $ X=

% 3435:34D3
V@ -% % 3464 s V : > - >

R V>
#@ 3464 >
s " # V $

I @
%
#@ P 3464 H " # <
H
, > $>
# @ ] P% 3464 > # ,
# @ ] P% 3464 V
$ .X>
# @ P
3464 $ V

> "
P>@ ;> 3464 2
R >
P @ # 3464
" -

k> A
$>
@ $
3464 )

)" s

&% >> >> $ V
$
@ &=@
% 3464 '
P> @ 2" ' .
>
. >

#

,@ ., 3464
@ > $
R^V@ ] 3464 )>
V0"
,>
>
I @ 3464 > $
%

@ >
3459 > > > @ $> R22%
I
)
@ 3459 > # < +
)=@ I 3459 ] XV s >>
P
.<V " $
.
] . %
+>k@ & 3459 #" >
)< >
.@ # 3459 I

' > V V@
@ - >@

>@ % $%@
% 3459 + + %
->@ &A@ 3459 $ %

%
- @ P < @ 3459 " j
% %

,@ ;% %@ % 3459 = , ,=. < V
DQS B ; @ &

;% )
, %
% &
V,
2@ I 3459 V
' " T< >
IV<
> #
&`@ P < 3459 >> # , V
] @ > 3459
> X > P
@ >@
% 3459 $ " P

@ &= % 3459 $ V >
. , V

V X@ ] 3459 # <
IV>> K@ &><> B
P% V
#V @ %%P%@ 3459 V0" > @ I V
2

%
$>
@ 3459 s )
] V >>>
$ V
TV@ )% % 3459 # V V ." $ V >
. ,
V = V . =
)@ % -% 3453 >
#> < %
>@ %@
% 3453 >

>

I> @ > @ %
.V@
3453 #a
B P. a > V" V
.
>
V> V V
) , B
->@ ] 3453 - XV@ +>V
# <

X= > $ V

X>
@ ]: 3453 >
>> X> %
>@ - 3453 T< . $
]
.X

-
VV@ % I% 3453 + , ,=V

X >
>@ %
% 3453
$" # <
>.
@ +
3453 $ " - X
> >

B >@ 3453 ] .
> -,
>>> $ V
B >@ 3453
<
P.
IV
>>> $ V
<@ I 3453 >
X> %
2@ I 3453 2

> P
k P #

&V < @ P 3453 $
I @ 22
& @
3453 '
" X >:+
>
]@ 3453 R . ' >: > > V
] := 3453 # B
B ; @ & DQQ

V@ % ]% 3453 P
P # "
# V $ RX

V@ -% % 3453 $ A TP$$%
$
@ &% @
%
3453 ; ,%
PX @ ; 3453 &
,
$>X@ B > 3453 ; V
$ V %
$ @ - 3453 ]
2 " $
.
>
>>

,@ ., 3453 # A

<@ % % 345D I> k > T > . < >
< @ @
% 345D >
P a " Xa> a . .
I:> >
$ .X>
)@ I@ 345D '
P. " IV
) . ^> V )

>
)
@ , 345D > X + , >
I%
)
@ 345D 2 $> >
I%@
%
) >@ 345D $ V
X>
.@
%
.@ < 345D
- @ T< 345D -B>
$ V
->@ ]@ 345D V . X= > V

% 3435:348D%
VV@ % I% 345D + P ,
+ ,
<@ ; < 345D > " X> .X>
345D V
-
@ = 345D PA
A >.
]><V ,
@ &% #% 345D # V X
@ . 345D P. h>
>@ &%@ -% % 345D R
] X
>
2@ I 345D .
& @ 345D

v)>
] .@ &
&% 345D $ >
] >@ I %@ 345D $ V ' @
@

%
]:<>@ -
345D $ ; .>
- XV

X>
,:$ @ 345D $ >
+

@ &= % 345D R . V # V"
-B>@ >
R
@ &= % 345D . V V " $ V >
DQ6 B ; @ &

@ I 345D X
;X
# @ ] P% 345D > $ ,
# @ ] P% 345D H<= , ] X
" -, >
P,.@ H% % 345D > > $ $> $

$
PX @ ; 345D @ A@
$< V@ > 345D # < > + $
%
$ @ 345D -B>
I> >
$ @ I%:%@ 345D '
P> @ 22" ' .

% >
R

> $>
$ @ ]>. 345D $ V ] X>
$@ H 345D H > #
+.> $
$
$ " - +.>
> >

R
=V@ % 345D $ ' " $

>
#
R
zV@ ' 345D > 2 > # " ; >
, > > >
)VV@ P% 3458
V" > >

)
@ +
3458 A
%
)<@ P%@ $ 3458 > > '

%
.@ < 3458 ; ,
+.> %
->@ ] 3458 s # < X> >
>
^ @
3458 V
2 "
X> > >
V >
) >
V
@ 3458 #k + $@ > $ %
2, ,@ R=, 3458 > + X >:+
R% +
2, ,@ R=, 3458 H ) P
H > $
R%
$ $
2, ,@ R=, 3458 s
= % % )> .V@ ,V.,
R%

= , = V
&`@ P < 3458 P
> 2>" ;>X
B<
# a
. a > >
>

]@ R V@
% 3458 V <=V , X> "
> X> .X>
@ $ V
$ V
] ,@ 3458 #>a
X> " $V..
s . X> > > )B

B ; @ & DQ5

] V@ P% 3458 >> " -

-.a>%
I%:% $ @

%
@ >@
% 3458 A
" &
k
P <<:
V@ 3458 V
' K

(#
X>
X> (
V0@ 3458 IV%
;@ @ 3458
$ V <" .

% - XV
H @ ¯ 3458 >
> ' %
H,V ,@ % @ 3458 V V :V= V%

%
P>@ ;> 3458 > + > > >
$>
@ I 3458 # > $> > $> " s
> >
$>
@ $
3458 H >

> P> $
&% $ +
$> @ 3458 -'
< " .
:&B@
% ' > PV .
$> <@ P 3458 s # ] XV@
)B
s%
TV@ )% % 3458 # +
)@ % -%@
% 345S $
> ;X -' > " $
X
H<= , #> >

)
@ +
345S k

VV@ % I% 345S >

# + ,
&@
345S =
k>@ v ' v A%
]:<>@ -
345S
)
" - ] V
f :2> (
>
Vd ,Ve@ & 345S $
. V > > V
# V
P,.@ 2% 2% 345S H > + ; > # $
$> @ P < 345S $ " 2

$@ % % 345S $ $ , #>
)B @ P>
@ 345Q > h h#'" < <> .
)>
>
s@
%
+@ & > 345Q $ # " $ @ @
>
$

X@ P 345Q
> P
" $>Vk $
58
X@ P @
% 345Q $
$ " - > ;X
$
@ &% #% % 345Q > " 2

X >
DQ7 B ; @ &

@ 2><% 345Q # " $, $ >

@ - 345Q P &V < >a >
$ V %
&`@ P < 345Q

&`@ P < 345Q 2 . >>

&`@ P < 345Q > 2
-< " H<,
' >
@ &= % 345Q
> '
B:
@ I%@ 345Q . a $>

% X> "R a
)>

$ %
P,.@ H% % 2% 345Q $ -' $ " > R >
2% P,. # ; +
,
$>@ . 345Q # >

>> X> "
> -Va
2
$@ P % 345Q P
@ '
> " $ 2
P. a > V
$V
@ # 345Q V $ " > #> > #

+ X
I@ P@ 345Q P. a > V" >

#'%

%
+ @ & % 3456 )
P
.@ < 3456 ; , $
- @ T< 3456 > $
>@ &%@ -% % 3456 > 2
@ - 3456 > $ T

" $
,
$>
@ $
3456 H > ) P $
&%
) .X@ IC % 3455 V < V X >
VV -
]:2<>
GBH .&

3 F3747:3494G
B ; @ & DQ4

E
'
3747 +> V V , N 3747!
3 349D - .
k
349D!
349Q H.
#

#
349Q!
349Q #
A 349Q!
3495 - XV>>

3495!
3494
0 3494!
D F3439:3434G
E
'
D 3435 2V , @ VV t 3435!
3435

,
3435!
3434
# < 3434!
8 F34D9:34D4G
D69 B ; @ &

E
'
8 34D9 >
P 34D9!
34D3
34D3!
34D3 ; ,=>= V .= 34D3!
34D3 H V>
.> , . 34D3!
34DD $ < , 34DD!
34D8 >>
]<X 34D8!
34D8 # < = , =. 34D8!
34DS - # <
+
@
+ R< 34DS!
34DS # + 34DS!
34DS R V , > 34DS!
34DS 2 P, 34DS!
34DQ = 34DQ!
34DQ V , 0 34DQ!
34DQ (H%
,* 34DQ!
34DQ 0 34DQ!
34DQ

34DQ!
34D6 $
# 34D6!
34D5 $ < , 34D5!
34D5 $ < , 34D5!
34D5 P ' 34D5!
34D5
, 34D5!
34D7
34D7!
34D7 # ] XV F3483G
348S # " ; H F348SG
348Q > $ '
$> F348QG
348Q
F348QG
3486 - >> F3486G
3486 H<
= F3486G
3486 ] XV s >>
P
.<V 3486!
3485 R -V
> ] XV
F3485G
3484 T

# F3484G
B ; @ & D63

Q F34S9:34S4G
E
'
Q 34S3 0 > @ == < LV F34S3G
34S6 F34S6G
34S5 > I I > T F34S5G
34S5 =
0 F34S5G
34S5
.
k F34S5G
34S7 > + + > ) V F34S7G
34S4 > F34S4G
34S4 , F34S4G
6 F34Q9:34Q4G
E
'
6 34Q9 -@ $ @
H F34Q9G
34Q9 # E % -

@ F34Q9G
34QQ - % @
F34QQG
34QQ F34QQG
34QQ -

" T F34QQG
34QQ > F34QQG
34Q5 > F34Q5G
34Q5 + 34Q5!
34Q7 B # F34Q7G
5 F3469:3464G
D6D B ; @ &

E
'
5 346D +> @
)
F346DG
3468 $ P F3468G
3468 ,

F3468G
346S - 0 F346SG
346S j
F346SG
346S #
F346SG
346Q ; , A , F346QG
346Q
F346QG
3466 2
k

F3466G
3466
F3466G
3466 + A , F3466G
3466 $ @ =

> 3466!
3465 -

> F3465G
3465 $

F3465G
3467
3467!
3464 k
%
k
39:33 F3464G
7 F3459:3454G
E
'
7 3459 $\s F3459G
3459 > > F3459G
3453 < ' F3453G
3453 > F3453G
3453 -
A 3453!
345D -
F345DG
3458 2
k

F3458G
345Q $ F345QG
3457 F3457G
4 F3479:3474G
E
'
4 347S
,
F347SG
3476

<
, F3476G
B ; @ & D68

GH )

&

' -3
) 1 &
' %

J
D6S B ; @ &

; ; P; P%
#

) '%
-
,

2 @

@
+ ; -
$
&
D 3 343Q:348D
: + B
343Q:34D9+ ) ,@
L % &V < @ R V%
28 3 3436:3489 qV ,V@ ) @
)V@ &V<V@
-V><@
sV@ = ,@
)> @
b,V=@
R
,
: -

348Q:34QD;
+@ P @
F-
+> G H @ @
] @ I<@
) >
: -0, 34QQ:3467 2
@ ->@
$@ HV °@
$X°V
,
&&
S 6 34D6:3467-
!$ : +> / F-
D%3 34D6:34S7-
3449:D999§ Vd ,Ve@
#G &V < @ R
zV@
>@
,0V@ PV@
V@ ) t,@
+.,V=@ <V =@
IV%
: # F- 3489:34SQ-
]
@ )
.V@
2 G $
V@
.
@
s VXV
: 7 6%3 34S5:3467- ) >
: -

5 6%D 345S -
+@ $>
- 0 3466 -
)X>@ ) >@
$ .
- P 3459 -

: Vd ,Ve
: H 2

/ ,

3 8
/$ : , F- 8%3 349Q: - )@ P
@

<G )@ )>
@
P>
@ P @
$ <V@ #
/I2 : , 8%S 34S9:34QQ- H>
/! : /
8%D 34SQ - R `@ $ .
B ; @ & D6Q

F- .
G T,

>%
// : - 8%8 34Q7 - P @ + >@

: , >
: :. $ @ @
<>
/7 : -E FG 8%Q 34S9: - @ C
) E C 0.
+
2 Z
8 S
: -

34D9:D999§ I@ ,@
F-
$G )V@ @
I @ ) V@
)V@ I @
IV
: 2 F-
- @ @
+<
G P>
@ - @
7

'
Q 3494:D999§

: -
V 6 34D8:3467-
V>@ $ @

)=@
@ V0
X >@ ) >@
<
: ' 6 Q%3 34QQ:3479
@
>@
>@ )>
# 5 34Q7 &V < @ @

-.4 ,
0
+
&
7 34D7
: +
)= 7%3 + ]@
,
,@
)= @ #V@
$ V@
R > ,%%%
@ ' Q 4 346S:D999§
$
:$ , F- 4%3 346D:3448-
@ 2, ,@
$
P,.@ ,@
L: G V=@ $G@
# V=@
H<G@ &% ,@
TV=
: $0 4 4%D 3464:344Q ] ,
A 5' * 39 34Q7:D999§
D66 B ; @ &

'
-
cT, i
34Q7:3479 #@
) : ; H<> : @

$
; 345D:D999 + >@
,@
F G @ n

cT, % 3459:D999 < @ -
@

i F nG ]V<@

= -
39 33 3465
P
- T%
39 3464
2
@ `@
+ . 2@ R
zV@
FP @ >G
: - -
: $>>@

@ <>@
>
:; #
:#

@ )>
F <= ,G
$" 0 ( 3D 34Q9:344S @ $@

:
' R =V@

:

@ $
><
: -

) @ >@ P
38 3466
F G
:

:-

/ T,% 3459:3477
@ I> @

Z ) @ @

3S
.

: + 0 3469:3464
@ # @
$ <V@ P>
@
I<@ @
s.V@ )@
; t@
:# @
: + = )
@
)>
@
%
: + 34S7:3479
B ; @ & D65

+ 3Q
2 34D5 I @ < @
<@ $> X
-

3464 P @ -@
@ @
34S4 ),
O > ) @ $
XV
-
36 345D
#
-
345Q $>
@ V@
/ ]
@ I@ s <@
;2]H )>@ @
>@ P>@
R>

345D -,:s >@
# : + 
-
+ 35 34Q6
:2 35 I@ > @

:-
35 347Q $
@ )><>@
$,V
:-

35 34QQ @ @
- . 0

,

'
>
h

h

<=

P% C
, E P% )% $

L

@

@
%
)

+ * JI * 0
8
D67 B ; @ &

+ % % + :)
2
#
'%
3 3499
,

D 3439
3494 8 34D9
3434
S 3489
34D4
Q 34S9
3484
6 34Q9
34S4
5 3469
34Q4
7 3459
3464
4 3479
3454
393474
344
+ +
343Q:348D ? ? ? ? ? ?
:P :+% % 343Q:34D9 ? ?
:P 28 3 3436:3489 ? ? ?
:P : -0, 34QQ:3467 ? ?
:-

-%
348Q:34QD
+>
: +> -
34D6:348S ? ? ? ?
# F3G
- 34D6:3467 ? ? ? ? ? ?
: +> -
34D6:34S7 ? ? ?
# FDG
: +> -
3449:D999§ ?
# F8G
: # - 3489:34SQ ? ?

2
: 34S5:3467 ? ? ?
: 345S ?
-

- 0 3466 ?
- P 3459 ?
:
: H
- ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
: , -%
349Q: ? ? ? ? ?
<
: 34S9:34QQ ? ?
,
: / T% 34SQ ?

>%
:-
34Q7 ?
: ,
:
:.
: -E -% 34S9:D999§ ?
-E
; 34D9:D999§ ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
: -%
$
-

: 2 -%

+<

3494:D999§
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
:-%
34D8:3467 ? ? ? ? ?
B ; @ & D64

V
:' - 34QQ:D999§ ?
B : 34Q7 ?
# 34D7:3459 ? ? ? ? ? ?
P +
34D7:3459 ?
)=
$ 346S:D999§ ? ? ? ?
:$ , -%
346D:3448 ? ? ? ?
L:
: 3464: ? ?
$0
P 34Q7:D999§ ? ? ? ? ?
;
; -

)
$
-
;
F nG

i
-
3465:D999§ ? ? ? ?
P
- T%

+ .
: -
:

:;
:# +

<= ,
#0 34Q9:344S
3466:D999§ ? ? ? ?
: 3466:D999§
:-

-%
Z 3459:3477 ? ?

:+ #

0
:#
: +
=
: +

+ 34D5:D999§ ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

2 34D5§D999§ ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
-

3464:D999§ ? ? ? ?
D59 B ; @ &

34S4:D999§ ? ? ? ? ? ?
-
345D:D999§

#
345Q ? ? ?
-
;2]H T%
)
T%
$

+ 345D ?
P>
#
-
34QQ:D999§ ? ? ? ?
+
:2
:-
+ 347Q ? ?

:-

34QQ ? ? ? ? ?
&
+
* 0

CC
B ; @ & D53

+ % % #
'% ,

j
+ ) +
3 3499D3494
3439 83434
34D9S34D4
3489Q 3484
34S9
6 34Q9
34S4
5 3469
34Q47 3464
3459
4 3479
3454
393474
3449 3444
343Q:348D 0 0 0
- 34D6:3467 0 0 0 0 0
- 349Q:D999§0 0
; 34D9:D999§
3488:D999§
B : 34Q7:345Q 0 0 0
# 34D7:3459 0 0 0 0
$ 346S:D999§
P 34Q7:D999§
;
-
3465:D999§
P
#0 34Q9:344S
3466:D999§
34S9:D999§
+ 34D5:D999§ 0 0 0
-
345D:D999§
#

$
3469:D999§
O
; > 3479:D999§
-
34Q6:D999§
+
D5D B ; @ &

:J +
:J +
Adorno, Theodor Walter. Teoría estética . Madrid: Taurus, (1971).

Adorno, Theodor W. Ästhetische Theorie. ed. de Gretel Adorno y Rolf Tiedemann.
Frankfurt am Main, [1970].
Adorno, Theodor Walter. “Lukács y el equívoco del realismo”. En Polémica sobre el
realismo. Barcelona: Buenos Aires, (1982).
Adorno, Theodor Walter. Negative Dialektik. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp, (1966).
Adorno, Theodor y Max Horkheimer. Dialektik der Aufklarung, [1944]. Reimpr. “Dialectic
of Enlightenment”. New York: Continuum, (1993).
Albaladejo Mayordomo, Tomás. Retórica. Madrid: Síntesis, (1991).
Albaladejo, Mayordomo Tomás. Teoría de los mundos posibles y macroestructura
narrativa. Alicante: Universidad de Alicante, (1986).
Alonso, Dámaso. Poesía española. Ensayo de métodos y límites estilísticos. Madrid:
Gredos, [1950].
Althusser, Louis. “Contradiction and Overdetermination”. En For Marx. Part III: Notes for
an Investigation, Trad. B. Brewster. New York: Penguin, (1962).
Auerbach, Erich. Mímesis. La realidad en la literatura. [1946]. México: Fondo de Cultura
Económica, (1957).
Aullón de Haro, Pedro. (ed.). Teoría de la Crítica Literaria. Madrid: Trotta, (1994).
B ; @ & D58

Austin, John Langshaw. How to Do Things with Words. Cambridge: Harvard University
Press, [1962].
Bajtin Mijail M. y P. M. Medvedev. The Formal Method in Literary Scholarship: A Critical
Introduction to Sociological Poetics. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, (1981).
Bajtin, Mijail M. “El Problema del Contenido, Material y Forma en la Creación Verbal
Artística” (1924). 'Problema soderzheniia i formy v slovesnom khudozhestvennom
tvorchestve' en revista El contemporáneo ruso.
Bajtin, Mijail M. Teoría y estética de la novela. Madrid: Taurus, (1989).
Bajtín, Mijail M. Rabelais and His World. [1958] Trad. Helene Iswolsky. Cambridge,
Mass.: M.I.T. Press, (1968).
Barbut, Marc ; Bourdieu, Pierre; Godelier, Maurice; Greimas, A. J. ; Macherey, Pierre y
Pouillon, Jean. Problemas del estructuralismo. México: Editorial Siglo Veintiuno,
(1969).
Barthes, Roland. “La actividad estructuralista”. Ensayos críticos. Barcelona: Seix Barral,
(1983).
Barthes, Roland. Cri#tica y verdad. Madrid: Siglo XXI, (1972).
Barthes, Roland. “La aventura semiológica”. En La aventura semiológica. Barcelona:
Paidos, (1990).
Barthes, Roland, «Sur la lecture». En Le Bruissement de la langue, Essais critiques IV.
Paris: Seuil, (1984).
Barthes, Roland. Sur Racine. Paris: Points, Seuil, [1963].
Barthes, Roland. “¿Qué es la escritura?”En El grado cero de la escritura, seguido de
“Nuevos ensayos”. México: Siglo XXI, (1992).
Barthes, Roland. Critique et vérité. Paris: Seuil (col. Tel Quel), [1966].
Barthes, Roland. “De la obra al texto”. El susurro del lenguaje. Barcelona: Paidós,
(1984).
Barthes, Roland. “El análisis estructural del relato. A propósito de Hechos, 10-1”. El
susurro del lenguaje. Barcelona: Paidós, (1984).
Barthes, Roland. “El discurso de la historia”. El susurro del lenguaje: más allá de la
palabra y la escritura. México: Paidos Comunicación. 2ª ed., (1994).
Barthes, Roland. Elementos de semiología. Madrid: Alberto Corazón, Ed., (1970).
Barthes, Roland. “Escritura y Revolución”. El grado cero de la escritura, seguido de
Barthes, Roland. La chambre claire: note sur la photographie. Paris: Cahiers du
Cinema/Gallimard/Seuil, [1980].
Barthes, Roland. “La escritura de la novela”. El grado cero de la escritura, seguido de
Barthes, Roland. “La imaginación del signo”. Ensayos críticos, Barcelona: colecc.
Nuevo ensayo. Seix Barral, (1983).
Barthes, Roland. “La mitología hoy”. El susurro del lenguaje. Barcelona: Paidós. (1984).
Barthes, Roland. “La muerte del autor”. El susurro del lenguaje. Barcelona: Paidós,
D5S B ; @ &

:J +
(1984).
Barthes, Roland. “La utopía del lenguaje”. El grado cero de la escritura, seguido de
Barthes, Roland. Mitologías. México: Siglo Veintiuno Editores S.A. 3º ed., (1981).
Barthes, Roland. S/Z. Paris: Seuil (Points # 70), [1970].
Baudry J-L, Boulez, P., et al. La révolution ici et maintenant. Nº 34, été 1968, Paris: Tel
Quel, [1968].
Beli#, Old#ich. “La obra literaria como estructura”. Problemas de literatura, N°1,
Valparaíso: Ediciones Universitarias de Valparaíso, (1972).
Benjamin, Walter. “La obra de arte en la época de la reproductibilidad técnica”.
Discursos interrumpidos. Madrid: Taurus, (1973).
Bennett, Tony. Formalism and Marxism . London: Methuen and Co., (1979).
Benveniste, Emile. Problemas de lingüística general. México: Siglo XXI, (1993).
Bierwisch, Manfred. „Strukturalismus, Geschichte, Probleme und Methoden“. Kursbuch
5, (1966).
Bleich, David. Subjective Criticism. Baltimore and London: The John Hopkins University
Press, [1978].
Bloom, Harold. The Anxiety of Influence: A Theory of Influence. New York: Oxford
University Press, [1973].
Bobes, Carmen. “Retórica del personaje novelesco”. Castilla. Boletín del Departamento
de Literatura Española. Valladolid: Universidad de Valladolid, (1986).
Bojtár, Endre. L’ecole ‘integraliste’ polonaise. Acta Literaria 12, (1970)
Bojtár, Endre. Slavic Structuralism. Amsterdam: John Benjamins B. V., (1985).
Booth, Wayne C. The Rhetoric of Fiction. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, [1957].
Bovon, François. “El estructuralismo francés y la exégesis bíblica”. Análisis estructural y
exégesis bíblica: Roland Barthes, Robert Martín-Achard, Jean Starobinski, Franz J.
Leenhardt.”. Buenos Aires: Ed., La Aurora, Ediciones Megápolis, (1973).
Brik, Osip M. “Ritmo y Sintaxis”. Todorov, Tz. Teoría de la literatura de los formalistas
rusos. México: Siglo XXI, (1987).
Bronstein, Lev Davidovich (Trotsky, Leon). Literature and Revolution [1924]. Trad. de
Literatura i revoljucija. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, (1960).
Brooks, Cleanth. “Irony as a Principle of Structure”. Literary Opinion in America, ed., M.
D. Zabe, (1951).
Brooks, Cleanth. The Well Wrought Urn: Studies in the Structure of Poetry. Chapter 11.
[1947]. London: Dennis Dobson, (1949).
Brooks Cleanth y W. K. Wimsatt. Literary Criticism: A Short History. Chicago: University
of Chicago Press, (1957)
Brooks, Cleanth y Penn Warren, Robert. Understanding Poetry: An anthology for
college students. [1938], 3ª ed., Nueva York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, (1961).
Bürger, Peter. Teoría de la vanguardia. Barcelona: Península, (1987).
Butler, Judith. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. London:
B ; @ & D5Q

Routledge, [1990].
Butler, Judith. “Imitation and Gender Insubordination”. [1993]. En Henry Abelove,
Michele Aina Barale & David M. Halperin (eds.) The Lesbian and Gay Studies
Reader. London: Routledge, (1993).
Carnap, Rudolph. “Empiricism, Semantics, and Ontology”. Revue Internationale de
Philosophie 4, [1950].
Cassirer, Ernst A. “Structuralism in Modern Linguistics”. Word, 1. [1945].
Cenoz, Jasone y Valencia, José F. (Eds.) La Competencia Pragmática: Elementos
Lingüísticos y Psicosociales. Bilbao: Servicio Editorial de la Universidad del País
Vasco, (1996).
Chatman, Seymour. “On Defining Form”. New Literary History, 2, [1971].
Chatman, Seymour. Story and Discourse: Narrative Structure in Fiction and Film.
Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, [1978].
Cixous, Hélène. «Le Rire de la Méduse». L'Arc 61, [1975].
Coward Rosalind y John Ellis. Language and Materialism: Developments in Semiology
and the Theory of the Subject. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. (1977).
Crane, Ronald. Salmon. The Languages of Criticism and the Structure of Poetry.
Toronto: University of Toronto Press, (1953).
Croce, Benedetto. Estética como ciencia de la expresión y lingüística general. [1902].
Buenos Aires: Nueva Visión, (1973).
Culler, Jonathan. La poética estructuralista: El estructuralismo, la lingüística y el estudio
de la literatura. Barcelona: Anagrama, (1978).
Culler, Jonathan. Literary Theory: A very short introduction. Oxford: Oxford University
Press, [1997].
Culler, Jonathan. Sobre l a deconstrucción: Teoría y crítica después del
estructuralismo. [1982]. Madrid: Cátedra, (1984).
Deleuze, Gilles y Guattari, Felix. A thousand Plateaus, Capitalism and Schizophrenia.
Trad. Brian Massumi. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, (1987).
Derrida, Jacques. De la Grammatologie. Paris: Minuit. [1967].
Derrida, Jacques. Disseminations. [1972]. Trad. Barbara Johnson. Chicago : U. of
Chicago Press, (1981).
Derrida, Jacques. La escritura y la diferencia. Madrid: Anthropos, (1989).
Derrida, Jacques. Positions. [1972]. Trad. Alan Bass. Chicago: U of Chicago Press,
(1981).
Derrida, Jacques. «Structure, signe et jeu dans le discours des sciences humaines».
L’Écriture et la différence. Paris: Éditions du Seuil, [1967].
Dijk, Teun A. van. La ciencia del texto: Un enfoque interdisciplinario. Barcelona: Paidos
Comunicación 5, (1989).
Dilthey, Wilhelm. Einleitung in die Geisteswissenschaften. Versuch einer Grundlegung
für das Studium der Gesellschaft und der Geschichte. [1883]. Göttingen:
Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, (1988).
D56 B ; @ &

:J +
Doležel, Lubomir. “The Prague School and the Statistical Theory of Poetic Language”.
Prague Studies in Mathematical Linguistics, vol. 2., (1967)
Dreyfus Hubert L. y Paul Rabinow. Michel Foucault: más allá del estructuralismo y la
hermenéutica. Posfacio de Michel Foucault. Buenos Aires: Ediciones Nueva Visión,
(2001).
Eagleton, Terry. Una Introducción a la teoría literaria. México: FCE. 2ª ed., (1998).
Eagleton, Terry. Las Ilusiones del posmodernismo. Buenos Aires: Paidós, (1998).
Eco, Umberto. Los límites de la interpretación. Barcelona: Lumen, (1992).
Eikhenbaum, M. Boris. “Leskov y la prosa contemporánea”. cap. I de Literatura, teoriya,
kritika, polemika. Leningrado. [1927].
Eikhenbaum, M. Boris. “Sobre teoría de la prosa”. Todorov, Tz. Teoría de la literatura
de los formalistas rusos. México: Siglo XXI, (1987).
Eikhenbaum, M. Boris. “O. Henry y la teoría de la novela”,cap. II. de Literatura, teoriya,
kritika, polemika, Leningrado. [1927].
Eikhenbaum, M. Boris. “La teoría del método formal”. Todorov, Tz. Teoría de la
literatura de los formalistas rusos. México: Siglo XXI, (1987).
Eliot, Thomas Stearns. “Hamlet and his problems”. The Sacred Wood: Essays on
Poetry and Criticism. London: Methune, (1920).
Eliot, Thomas Stearns. “Tradition and the Individual Talent”. The Sacred Wood: Essays
on Poetry and Criticism. London: Methune, (1920).
Empson, William. Seven Types of Ambiguity: Literary Criticism. [1930], Edición
revisada. London: New Directions, (1947).
Erlich, Víctor. El Formalismo ruso. Historia, doctrina. Barcelona: Seix Barral, (1974).
Even-Zohar, Itamar. “Polysystem Studies”. Poetics Today 11(1), special issue. (1990).
Fernández Rodríguez, A. y García-Berrio Hernández, A. P. “Una Retórica del Siglo XX:
Persuasión Publicitaria y Propaganda Política”. Teoría/Crítica, 5: Retórica hoy.
Madrid: Verbum, (1994).
Ferrater Mora, José. Diccionario de Filosofía. Madrid: Alianza, (1980).
Fish, Stanley E. Is There a Text in This Class ? Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University
Press, [1975].
Fish, Stanley. Doing What Comes Naturally. Change, Rhetoric, and the Practice of
Theory in Literary and Legal Studies. Oxford: Clarendon Press, [1989].
Fokkema, D. W., Ibsch, Elrud. Teorías de la literatura del siglo XX: Estructuralismo,
Marxismo, Estética de la recepción, Semió tica. [1977] Madrid: Cátedra. 2ª ed.,
(1984).
Forés L. Vicente y Rosario López C. Linguistica y teoria literaria en el estructuralismo
de la Escuela de Praga. Valencia: Universitat de València Press, (2000).
Forster, E. M. Aspectos de la novela.Madrid: Debate, (1989).
Foucault, Michel. Archéologie du savoir. Paris: Gallimard, [1969].
Foucault, Michel. Les Mots et les Choses. Une archéologie des sciences humaines.
Paris: Gallimard, [1966].
B ; @ & D55

Foucault, Michel. Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason.
Richard Howard, trans. New York: Random House, (1965).
Foucault, Michel. Naissance de la clinique: une archéologie du regard medical. Paris:
Plon, [1963].
Foucault, Michel. «Qu’est-ce qu’un auteur?» Dits et Écrits, Volume. I, 1954-1969, Paris:
Gallimard, (1994).
Frye, Northrop. Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University
Press, (1957).
Gadamer, Hans-Georg. Wahrheit und Methode: Grundzuge einer philosophischen
Hermeneutik. Tubingen: Mohr, (1960).
Galan, František W. Las Estructuras Históricas: el proyecto de la Escuela de Praga
1928-1946. México: Siglo Veintiuno. 1ª ed., (1988).
Gallop, Jane. Thinking through the Body. New York: Columbia University Press, [1988].
Genette, Gérard. «Discours du récit». Figures III, (Tel Quel). Paris: Seuil, (1972).
Genette, Gérard. Figures I. (Tel Quel). Paris: Seuil, [1966].
Gilbert, Sandra M. and Susan Gubar. The Madwoman in the Attic: The Women Writer
and the Nineteenth-Century Literary Imagination. New Haven and London: Yale
Girard, René. Mentira romántica y verdad novelesca. Paris: Grasset, (1961).
Goldmann, Lucien. El Hombre y lo Absoluto, El dios oculto. Barcelona: Ediciones
Península, (1985).
Goldmann, Lucien. Para una sociología de la novela. Madrid: Ciencia Nueva, (1967).
Graff, Gerald. “Fear and Trembling at Yale”. The American Scholar. [1977].
Graff, Gerald. Professing Literature: An Institutional History. Chicago: U of Chicago
Press, [1987].
Grice, H. Paul. “Utterer's Meaning, Sentence-Meaning, and Word-Meaning”.
Foundations of Language, 4. [1968].
Hawkes, T. Structuralism and Semiotics. Berkeley: University of California Press,
(1977).
Grupo µ . Retórica general. Barcelona: Paidós, (1987).
Hatzfeld, Helmut. Estudios de estilística [1957]. Barcelona: Planeta, (1975).
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich. «Leçons sur la philosophie de l’histoire». Trad. de J.
Gibelin. Vrin. tome I: Système et histoire de la philosophie. «Bibliothèque des Textes
Philosophiques» Vrin, (1946).
Hernández Guerrero, José Antonio. Seminario de Teoría Literaria. Cádiz: Servicio de
Publicaciones de la Universidad de Cádiz. (1995).
Hernández Guerrero, J. A. (Ed.). “Retórica y Poética”. Seminario de Teoría de la
Literatura. Cádiz: La Voz, (1991).
Hirsch, E. D. Jr., Validity in Interpretation . Chicago: University of Chicago Press,
(1976).
Holland, Norman N. The `Unconscious' of Literature: The Psychoanalytical Approach.
D57 B ; @ &
:J +
Contemporary Criticism. Ed. Malcolm Bradbury and David Palmer. London: Edward
Arnold, [1970].
Holland, Norman N. The Dynamics of Literary Response. New York: Oxford University
Press, [1968].
Ingarden, R. The Cognition of the Literary Work of Art. Evanston: Northwestern
University Press, (1973).
Ingarden, Roman. The Literary Work of Art: An Investigation on the Borderlines of
Ontology, Logic, and Theory of Literature. Evanston: Northwestern University Press,
(1973).
Jakobson, Roman y Lévi-Strauss, Claude. “«Los gatos» de Charles Baudelaire”. [1962].
Estructuralismo y literatura, Barthes y o tros. Buenos Aires: Ediciones Nueva Visión,
(1960).
Jakobson, Roman y Morris Halle. Fundamentals of Language. The Hague: Mouton,
[1956].
Jakobson, Roman, Essais de linguistique générale. Cap. IX. Paris: Éditions de Minuit,
(1963).
Jakobson, Roman. “Closing statements: Linguistics and Poetics”. T. A. Sebeok, ed.
Style in Language. Nueva York, (1960).
Jakobson, Roman. «La dominante». En Questions de poétique. Paris: Éditions du Seuil,
(1973).
Jakobson, Roman. “Lingüística y Poética”. El Lenguaje y los problemas del
Conocimiento. Buenos Aires: Rodolfo Alonso. Ed., (1998).
Jakobson, Roman. “Two Aspects of Language and Two Types of Aphasic
Disturbances”. Fundamentals of Language. The Hague: Mouton, [1956].
Jameson, Fredric. T he Prison-House of Language, a Critical Account of Structuralism
and Russian Formalism . Princeton: Princeton University Press, (1972).
Jameson, Fredric. Postmodernism, or, The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism. Durham:
Duke University Press, [1991].
Jameson, Fredric. The Political Unconscious: Narrative as a Socially Symbolic Act.
Ithaca: Cornell University Press, [1981].
Jauß, H.R. “Historia de la Literatura como una Provocación a la Ciencia Literaria”.
Estética de la Recepción: P. Büerger, H. U. Gumbrrecht., P. U. Hohendahl, W. Iser.
Compilación de José Antonio Mayoral. Madrid: Arco Libros, (1987).
Jau# Hans Robert. “Cambio de Paradigma en la Ciencia Literaria”. Dietrich Rall (comp.)
En busca del texto: Teoría de la recepción literaria. México: Universidad Nacional
Autónoma de México, (1987).
Jau#, Hans Robert. “El lector como instancia de una nueva historia de la literatura”.
Estética de la Recepción: P. Büerger, H. U. Gumbrrecht., P. U. Hohendahl, W. Iser...
Compilación de José Antonio Mayoral. Madrid: Arco Libros, (1987).
Jofré, Manuel Alcides. Tentando vías: Semiótica, estudios culturales y teoría de la
literatura. Santiago de Chile: Universidad Católica Blas Cañas. (1995).
Jofré, Manuel Alcides. Teoría literaria y semiótica. Santiago: Universitaria, (1990).
B ; @ & D54

Jofré, Manuel Alcides. “Estado del Arte de la Semiótica Actual”. En Literatura y

Lingüística N° 10. (1997).
Jofré, Manuel Alcides y Mónica Blanco. Para leer al lector. Una antología de teoría
literaria post-estructuralista . Facultad de Historia y Geografía y Letras. Santiago:
UMCE. Ed. Universitaria, (1995).
Kaes, Anton. “New Historicism: Writing Literary History in the Postmodern Era”.
Monatshefte 84., Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, (1992).
Köhn, Thomas. La Estructura de las revoluciones científicas. Santiago: Fondo de
Cultura Económica, (2000).
Kristeva, J. Semiótica. Madrid: Fundamentos, (1981.)
Lane, Michael (ed.) Introduction to Structuralism. New York: Harper Torchchbooks,
(1970).
Lanson, Gustav. Essais de methode, de critique et d'histoire litteraire. Paris: Hachette,
(1965).
Laureson D. y Alan Swingewood. The Sociology of Literature. London: Paladin Press,
(1972).
Leitch, Vincent. B. American Literary History from the Thirties to the Eighties.Nueva
York: Columbia University Press, (1988).
Lenin, V. I. Sobre arte y literatura. trad. de Fernando González Corugedo. Madrid:
Júcar. (1975).
Lenin, V.I. “Party Organisation and Party Literature”. En Novaya Zhizn, No. 12, Nov. 13,
[1905]. Lenin Collected Works. Volume 10. Moscow: Progress Publishers, (1965).
Lentricchia, Frank. Criticism and Social Change. Chicago: U of Chicago Press, [1983].
Levin, Samuel R. Estructuras lingüísticas en la poesía. Presentac. y apéndice de
Fernando Lázaro Carreter. Madrid: Cátedra, (1974).
Levi-Strauss, Claude. Le Cru et le Cuit. Paris: Plon, [1964].
Levi-Strauss, Claude. Structural anthropology. New York: Anchor Books, (1967).
Lévi-Strauss, Claude. Sens et Usages du terme Structure. The Hague (La Haya):
Mouton & Co., (1962).
Lévi-Strauss, Claude. “The Structural Study of Myth”. Journal of American Folklore 78.
Illinois: University of Illinois Press, [1955].
Lotman, Jurij. La estructura del texto artístico. Madrid: Istmo, (1978).
Lotman, Jurij. M. “Sobre la delimitación lingüística y literaria de la noción de estructura”.
[1964] J. Sazbón (ed.), (1970).
Lotman, Jurij. M. “Sobre la Semiosfera”. Semiótica, 10. Tartu, (1984).
Lovejoy, Arthur O. The Great Chain of Being: A Study of the History of an Idea .
Cambridge: Harvard University Press, (1936).
Lukács, György. Sociología de la literatura. Barcelona: Península, (1989).
Lukács, György. History and Class Consciousness: Studies in Marxist Dialectics . trad.
Rodney Livingstone. Cambridge: MIT Press, (1971).
Lukács, György. Teoría de la Novela. Barcelona: EDHASA, Ediciones Siglo Veinte,
D79 B ; @ &
:J +
(1971).
Macherey, Pierre. Pour une Théorie de la Production Littéraire. París: Maspero, [1966].
Makaryk, Irena R., ed. “New Historicism”. Encyclopedia of Contemporary Literary
Theories: Approaches, Scholars, Terms. Toronto: U. of Toronto Press, (1993).
Man, Paul de. “Sign and Symbol in Hegel's Aesthetics”. [1982]. Critical Inquiry 8 (1982).
Mayoral, José Antonio.(comp.) Introducción. Estética de la Recepción: P. Büerger, H.
U. Gumbrrecht., P. U. Hohendahl, W. Iser....Madrid: Arco Libros, (1987).
Mignolo D. Walter. “¿Teorías literarias o teorías de la literatura? ¿Qué son y para qué
sirve?”. Graciela Reyes Ed., Teorías literarias en la actualidad. Madrid: El Arquero,
(1989).
Miller, Joseph Hillis. “The Figure in the Carpet”. Philip Rice y Patricia Waugh eds.
Modern Literary Theory. London: Edward Arnold, (1989).
Momigliano, Arnaldo. “Introducción a la «Griechische Kulturgeschichte» de Jakob
Burckhardt“. En Ensayos de historiografía antigua y moderna. México: Fondo de
Cultura Económica, (1993).
Morris, Charles. Foundations of the Theory of Signs. Chicago: University of Chicago
Press, [1938].
Morris, Wesley. Toward a New Historicism. Princeton: Princeton University Press,
[1972].
Muka#ovský, Jan. “Aesthetic Function, Norm and. Value as Social Facts” [1935]. Trad.
Mark É. Suino, Trad. de «Estetickáfunkoe, norma a hodnota jako sociální fakty».
Michigan Slavic Contributions. Ann Arbor: Department of Slavic Languages and
Literature. University of Michigan. (1970).
Muka#ovský, Jan. “El arte como hecho semiológico”. Problemas de Literatura. Revista
Latinoamericana de Teoría y Crítica Literaria. Nº1. Valparaíso: Ediciones
Universitarias de Valparaíso. Universidad Católica de Chile, (1972).
Osorio, Nelson, (Dir.). “Círculo Lingüístico de Praga, Tesis de 1929”. El Círculo
Lingüístico de Praga, Jan Muka#ovský, Vilem Matesius, Roman Jakobson, Nicolás
Trubeckoj. Trad. del francés por A. Mº Díaz. Valparaíso: Ediciones Universitarias de
Valparaíso, (1971).
Perelman Ch. y Olbrechts-Tyteca, L. Tratado de la argumentación. La nueva retórica.
[1958]. Trad. J. Sevilla Muñoz. Madrid: Gredos, (1994).
Philip Pettit. The Concept of Structuralism, A critical Analysis. Berkeley: University of
California Press, (1977).
Piaget, Jean. El estructuralismo. Buenos Aires: Proteo, (1972).
Picard, R. Nouvelle critique ou nouvelle imposture. Paris: J. J. Pauvert, ed., colección
«Libertes». [1965].
Pouillon, J. «L'oeuvre de Claude Lévi-Strauss». Les Temps Modernes 12, (1956).
Pouillon, Jean. “Un ensayo de definición”. Problemas del estructuralismo. Marc Barbut,
Pierre Bourdieu, Maurice Godelier, A. J. Greimas, Pierre Macherey y Jean Pouillon.
México: Editorial Siglo Veintiuno, (1969).
Pozuelo Yvancos, José María. “Retórica general y neorretórica”. Del formalismo a la
B ; @ & D73

neorretórica. Madrid: Taurus, (1988).

Pozuelo Yvancos, José María. Del formalismo a la neorretórica, Madrid: Taurus, [1988].
Pozuelo Yvancos, José María. “La Teoria Literaria en el siglo XX”. D. Villanueva
(Coord.) Curso de teoría de la literatura. Madrid: Taurus, (1994).
Pozuelo Yvancos. José María. “Curso de teoría de la literatura”. Coord. Darío
Villanueva, col. Teoría y crítica literaria. Madrid: Ediciones Taurus, (1994).
Pozuelo Yvancos. J. Mª. Teoría del lenguaje Literario. Madrid: Cátedra, (1992).
Prince, Gerald. «Introduction à l'étude du narrataire». Poétique, Nº 14. Paris: Éditions
du Seuil, [1973].
Propp V. “Las transformaciones de los cuentos fantásticos”. Todorov, Tz. Teoría de la
literatura de los formalistas rusos. México: Siglo XXI, (1987).
Quine, Wllard Van Orman. “Existence and Necessity”. Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 40.
(1943).
Ransom, John Crowe. “Poetry: A Note in Ontology”. The World's Body, [1934].
Ransom, John Crowe. “Humanism at Chicago”. Kenyon Review 14, [1952].
Ransom, John Crowe. The New Criticism. Norfolk, Connecticutt: New Directions,
[1941].
Reyes, Graciela. “El nuevo análisis literario: expansión, crisis, actitudes ante el
lenguaje”. Teorías Literarias en la Actualidad. Madrid: El Arquero, (1999).
Richards, I. A. Principles of Literary Criticism. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, (1966).
Richards, I. A. “Science and poetry”. Saturday Review of Literature, 2. (1926).
Richards, I. A. Practical Criticism. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, [1929].
Ricoeur, P., «La structure, le mot, l'événement». Esprit 35. (1967).
Ricoeur, Paul. The Rule of Metaphor: Multidisciplinary Studies of the Creation of
Meaning in Language. Toronto: Toronto University Press, (1977).
Ricoeur, Paul. Interpretation Theory: Discourse and the Surplus of Meaning. Fort Worth:
The Texas Christian University Press, (1976).
Ricoeur, Paul. La Métaphore vive . París: Le Seuil, col. L’ordre philosophique. [1975].
Ricoeur, Wood, Clark y otros. Con Paul R icoeur. Indagaciones hermenéuticas.
Barcelona: Monte Ávila Editores, (1998).
Riffaterre, Michel. Describing Poetic Structures: Two Approaches to Baudelaire’s ‘Les
Chats’. Yale French Studies n°36-37. [1966].
Riffaterre, Michel. “Criteria for style analysis”. Word, Journal of the Linguistic Circle of
New York, XV. (1960).
Riffaterre, Michel. “El Formalismo Francés”. Ensayos de estilística estructural.
Barcelona: Seix Barral, (1976).
Riffaterre, Michel. Ensayos de estilística estructural. Barcelona: Seix Barral, (1976).
Rodríguez Pequeño, Mercedes. Teoría de la literatura eslava. Madrid: Síntesis, (1995).
Rojo, Grinor. Diez tesis sobre la crítica. Santiago de Chile: LOM, (2001).
Rorty, Richard. “Consequences of Pragmatism”. Essays 1972-1980. Minneapolis:
D7D B ; @ &

:J +
University of Minnesota Press, [1982].

Said, Edward W. Orientalism. New York: Pantheon, [1978].
Said, Edward W. “Yeats and Decolonization”. Nationalism, Colonialism, and Literature.
Minneapolis: U of Minnesota Press, [1990].
Saitta, Armando. Guía Crítica de la Historia y de la Historiografía. México: Breviarios,
Fondo de Cultura Económica, (1996).
Sartre, Jean-Paul. Situación dos ¿Qué es la literatura? Buenos Aires: Editorial Losada,
(1990).
Schmidt, S. J. Fundamentos de la ciencia empírica de la literatura.Madrid: Taurus,
(1990).
Scholes, Robert. J. Structuralism in Literature: An Introduction. New Haven: Yale
Schumaker, Wayne. Elementos de Teoría Crítica. Madrid: Ed., Cátedra, (1974).
Searle. John. R. Speech acts. An Essay in the Philosophy of Language. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, (1969).
Segre, Cesare. Principios de análisis del texto literario. Barcelona: Crítica. (1985).
Selden, Raman. Teoría literaria contemporánea. Barcelona: Ariel, (1987).
Šklovskij, Victor. “El arte como artificio”. [1921]. Tzvetan Todorov Teoría de la literatura
de los formalistas rusos. Jakobson, Tynjanov, Eikhenbaum, Brik, Šklovskij,
Vinogradov, Tomaševskij, Propp. Madrid: Siglo Veintiuno Editores, 5ª edición. (1970).
Soto, Guillermo. “Las construcciones de agente degradado en la sección Método de los
artículos científicos”. En Torno al Discurso. Contribuciones de América Latina.
Anamaría Harvey. (Comp.) Santiago: Ediciones Universidad Católica de Chile,
(2005).
Spitzer, Leo. Estilo y estructura en la literatura española. Barcelona: Crítica, (1980).
Spitzer, Leo. Lingüística e historia literaria [1948]. Madrid: Gredos, (1982).
Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. “Love Me, Love My Ombre, Elle”. Diacritics 14 (Winter
1984). [1984].
Sturrock, John. Structuralism and Since . Oxford: Oxford University Press, (1979).
Sullá, Enric. Teoría de la novela: Antología de textos del siglo XX . Barcelona: Crítica,
(2001).
Taine, Hippolyte Adolphe. «Histoire de la littérature anglaise». [1863]. Prólogo. Historia
de la Literatura inglesa 3 vol. vol. I, pág IV.
Todorov, Tz. «Les catégories du récit littéraire». Communications, n. 8, [1966].
(Colección «Points», 1981.)
Todorov, Tz. y O. Ducrot. «Rhétorique et stylistique». Dictionnaire encyclopédique des
sciences du langage. Paris: Seuil, (1972).
Todorov, Tz. Teoría de la literatura de los formalistas rusos. México: Siglo XXI. (1987).
Todorov, Tz. ¿Qué es el estructuralismo? Buenos Aires: Losada, (1975).
Todorov, Tz. “Presentación” [1964]. Teoría de la literatura de los formalistas rusos.
México: Siglo XXI, (1987).
B ; @ & D78

Tolstoi, Liev. What Is Art? Original Chto takoye iskusstvo? [1898]. Con alteraciones y
revisiones del autor. London: The Brotherhood Publishing Company. (1898).
Tomaševskij B. “El problema del ritmo poético”, cap. III, en O stije. Leningrado, 1929. p.
10; Todorov, Tz., Teoría de la liter atura de los formalistas rusos. México: Siglo XXI.
(1987).
Tomaševskij, Boris. Teoría de la literatura . Madrid: Akal, (1981).
Tomaševskij, B. V. “Verso y ritmo”. cap. VIII de “O stije”. Leningrado, [1929]. pp. 58-61;
Sobre el verso. Todorov, Tz. Teoría de la literatura de los formalistas rusos. México:
Siglo XXI, (1987).
Tomaševskij, B. V. “Sobre el verso”. Todorov, Tz. Teoría de la literatura de los
formalistas rusos. México: Siglo XXI, (1987).
Tomaševskij, Boris. “Temática”. Todorov T. Théorie de la literature (1965). Todorov, Tz.
Teoría de la literatura de los formalistas rusos. México: Siglo XXI. 5ª ed., (1987).
Trubeckoj, N. S. «La phonologie actuelle». Psychologie du langage. París, (1933).
Tynjanov, J. “La noción de construcción”. Todorov, Tz., Teoría de la literatura de los
Tynjanov, J. “Sobre la evolución literaria”. Todorov, Tz. Teoría de la literatura de los
Tynjanov, J. y Jakobson, R. “Problemas de los estudios literarios y lingüísticos”.
Todorov, Tz. Teoría de la literatura de los formalistas rusos. México: Siglo XXI, (1987).
Uitti, Karl D. Linguistics and Literary Theory. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall. (1969).
Valdés, Mario y Owen J. Miller. Interpretation of Narrative. Toronto: Toronto University
Press, (1978).
Vattimo, Gianni. “Lo strutturalismo e il destino della critica”. En AA.VV., Quando
eravamo strutturalisti a cura di Gian Luigi Beccaria - Torino: Edizioni dell'Orso.
pp.107-115 [1999].
Viñas Piquer, David. Historia de la crítica Literaria. Barcelona: Ariel, [1999].
Vodi#ka, Felix. “La historia literaria: sus problemas y tareas”. Eutopías, 2ª época, Vol.
109, Valencia: Ediciones Episteme, (1995).
Vo#ler, Karl. Filosofía del lenguaje. Buenos Aires: Losada. (1957).
Warning, Rainer (ed.). “La estética de la recepción de las obras literarias”. Estética de
la recepción: R. Ingarden, Félix V. Vodi#ka, H. G. Gadamer, Michael Riffaterre,
Stanley Fish, Wolfgang Iser, Hans Robert Jauss. Madrid: Visor Dis., S. A., (1989).
Wellek René y A. Warren. Teoría literaria. Madrid: Gredos. (1979).
Wellek, René. Conceptos de Crítica Literaria , [1963]. Caracas: Ediciones de la
Biblioteca de la Universidad Central de Venezuela, (1968).
Wellek, René. Historia de la crítica moderna (1750-1950) La segunda mitad del siglo
XVIII., Tomo I. Prólogo. Madrid: Editorial Gredos, (1959).
White, Hayden Metahistory: The Historical Imagination in Nineteenth-Century Europe.
Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, [1973].
Wimsatt, Jr. W. K., y Beardsley, Monroe C. “The Intentional Fallacy”. Tennessee:
D7S B ; @ &

:J +
Sewanee Review 54. The University of the South [1946].

Wimsatt. W. K. The Verbal Icon, Studies in The Meaning of Poetry. Kentucky: University
of Kentucky Press, (1954).
Winsatt, W.K.; Beardsley, Monroe. “The Affective Fallacy”. Wimsatt; W.K. The Verbal
Icon: Studies in the meaning of Poetry. London: Methuen. (1970).
B ; @ & D7Q

La Historia de La Teoría Literaria Del S. XX

Cargado por

Información del documento

Título original

Derechos de autor

Formatos disponibles

Compartir este documento

Compartir o incrustar documentos

Opciones para compartir

¿Le pareció útil este documento?

¿Este contenido es inapropiado?

Copyright:

Formatos disponibles

La Historia de La Teoría Literaria Del S. XX

Cargado por

Copyright:

Formatos disponibles



!!/  0  1 '       % 38

!!2 .  ' 3  '  0  &' '    % % 3S

!/ '  )4  

!/$ '     0  1 ' % 37

!2$    '   .&

!2/ 6.  1 ' .&     % % DQ

!7     0 

!7$   3    % D5

/   *       .  83

/$     

/!      

#$ ;.  <$=""-$=/=> % S4

#$$ ;.  <$=""-$=/=>? ,   

#$! ;.  <$=""-$=/=>?  ,

#$/ ;.  <$=""-$=/=>? ,  

#$2 ;.  <$=""-$=/=>?    % % 59

#! ;. : <$=2"-$=7=> % 55

#!$ ;. : <$=2"-$=7=>? , ,

#!! ;. : <$=2"-$=7=>? ,

#!/ ;. : <$=2"-$=7=>    

#!2 ;. : <$=2"-$=7=>?  

#!7 ;. : <$=2"-$=7=>? 0 ( $=7"-$==2 % % 49

#!# ;. : <$=2"-$=7=>?   

#!@ ;. : <$=2"-$=7=>?   0

#/ ;. ? <$=#"-$=#=> % 4S

#/$ ;. <$=#"-$=#=> ,

#/! ;. <$=#"-$=#=>? ,

#// ;. <$=#"-$=#=>? 0 ( % % 393

#/2 ;. <$=#"-$=#=>?  '   % % 39D

#/7 ;. <$=#"-$=#=>? 5'  *  '  % % 39S

#/# ;. <$=#"-$=#=>?  4& * ,

#/@ ;. <$=#"-$=#=>? 3

#2 ;. 3 <$=@"-!"""> % % 3D9

#2$ ;. 3 <$=@"-!"""> , ,

#2/ ;. 3 <$=@"-!""">? 3

#22 ;. 3 <$=@"-!"""> , 0

#27 ;. 3 <$=@"-!"""> , ,

#2# ;. 3 <$=@"-!""">?  '   4 % 3SQ

#2@ ;. 3 <$=@"-!""">   0

#2A ;. 3 <$=@"-!""">     

#2= ;. 3 <$=@"-!""">? 

#2$" ;. 3 <$=@"-!""">? 

#2$$ ;. 3 <$=@"-!""">? 

#2$! ;. 3 <$=@=-!""">? , )&&& 

#2$/ ;. 3 <$=@"-!""">? ,

#2$2 ;. 3 <$=@"-!""">?     ) 

#2$7 ;. 3 <$=@"-!""">?  

A!  

=!  &     ,&' 

=/  -'   ,&' 

=2  &&    ,&' 

=7  B (+   3

=A  5+   :J'   

 GH 5

 ' ()* +  

 ' (-*   .    /     0  

 ' (*   .    /    % 3499:3455 % % DS7

 ' (* +  $   

B  ;  @ &    3

D B  ;  @ &   

B  ;  @ &    8

      

!!/ 0 1' % 38

!!2 . ' 3 ' 0 &' ' % % 3S

!/ ' )4

!/$ ' 0 1' % 37

!2$ ' .&

!2/ 6. 1' .& % % DQ

!7 0

!7$ 3 % D5

/ * . 83

/$

/!

#$ ;. <$=""-$=/=> % S4

#$$ ;. <$=""-$=/=>? ,

#$! ;. <$=""-$=/=>? ,

#$/ ;. <$=""-$=/=>? ,

#$2 ;. <$=""-$=/=>? % % 59

#! ;. : <$=2"-$=7=> % 55

#!$ ;. : <$=2"-$=7=>? , ,

#!! ;. : <$=2"-$=7=>? ,

#!/ ;. : <$=2"-$=7=>

#!2 ;. : <$=2"-$=7=>?

#!7 ;. : <$=2"-$=7=>? 0 ( $=7"-$==2 % % 49

#!# ;. : <$=2"-$=7=>?

#!@ ;. : <$=2"-$=7=>? 0

#/ ;. ? <$=#"-$=#=> % 4S

#/$ ;. <$=#"-$=#=> ,

#/! ;. <$=#"-$=#=>? ,

#// ;. <$=#"-$=#=>? 0 ( % % 393

#/2 ;. <$=#"-$=#=>? ' % % 39D

#/7 ;. <$=#"-$=#=>? 5' * ' % % 39S

#/# ;. <$=#"-$=#=>? 4& * ,

#/@ ;. <$=#"-$=#=>? 3

#2 ;. 3 <$=@"-!"""> % % 3D9

#2$ ;. 3 <$=@"-!"""> , ,

#2/ ;. 3 <$=@"-!""">? 3

#22 ;. 3 <$=@"-!"""> , 0

#27 ;. 3 <$=@"-!"""> , ,

#2# ;. 3 <$=@"-!""">? ' 4 % 3SQ

#2@ ;. 3 <$=@"-!"""> 0

#2A ;. 3 <$=@"-!""">

#2= ;. 3 <$=@"-!""">?

#2$" ;. 3 <$=@"-!""">?

#2$$ ;. 3 <$=@"-!""">?

#2$! ;. 3 <$=@=-!""">? , )&&&

#2$/ ;. 3 <$=@"-!""">? ,

#2$2 ;. 3 <$=@"-!""">? )

#2$7 ;. 3 <$=@"-!""">?

A!

=! & ,&'

=/ -' ,&'

=2 && ,&'

=7 B (+ 3

=A 5+ :J'

GH 5

' ()* +

' (-* . / 0

' (* . / % 3499:3455 % % DS7

' (* + $

B ; @ & 3

D B ; @ &

B ; @ & 8

) +E@ F344QG@ % 3DQ%

S B ; @ &

B ; @ & Q

6 B ; @ &

@ @ 0 0 A . B @

B ; @ & 5

7 B ; @ &

B ; @ & 4

39 B ; @ &

B ; @ & 33

3D B ; @ &

!!/ 0 1'

B ; @ & 38

!!2 . ' 3 ' 0 &' '

3S B ; @ &

A > 0

!/ ' )4

B ; @ & 3Q

< >