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NOVIEMBRE, 2017
INTRODUCCIÓN
Las llamadas guerras civiles de Venezuela fueron una larga serie de conflictos que
asolaron dicho país durante la mayor parte del siglo XIX.
Entre 1830 y 1903 hubo un total de 166 revueltas armadas y casi cincuenta años de
guerra. Entre ellos podemos mencionar LA REVOLUCIÓN LIBERTADORA.
Fue organizada contra Cipriano Castro por el banquero venezolano Manuel Antonio
Matos, quien dirigió todas las acciones desde la Isla de Trinidad. El alzamiento comenzó en
la Victoria el 19 de diciembre de 1901 con el general Luciano Mendoza; en el centro se
alzaron Ron, Arteaga Martínez, Crespo Torres; en Falcón Gregorio Riera y Amabile
Solaigne; en Oriente Nicolás Rolando, Domingo Monagas, Horacio Ducharne y Alejandro
Ducharne; en el sur guayanés Zoilo Vidal y en los Andes, Juan Pablo y José Peñalosa.
El principal dirigente del movimiento contra Castro fue el General y banquero
Manuel Antonio Matos, apoyado por empresas extranjeras que operaban en Venezuela y
especialmente la New York & Bermúdez Company. Por otra parte, la empresa francesa El
Cable Francés y la compañía alemana del Gran Ferrocarril de Venezuela entregaron 100
mil dólares a Matos para financiar una revolución.
Entonces compró en Londres el Buque Ban Right, que rebautizó con el nombre de
"Libertador", así como armas y municiones.
La batalla duró 22 días. Fue la más larga, la más sangrienta y la más importante que
se libró en Venezuela. Las tropas de "La Libertadora" comenzaron a retirarse de La
Victoria y con sus jefes fueron regresando a sus regiones de origen. A partir de ese
momento, Juan Vicente Gómez, teniente activo de Castro, fue el encargado de liquidar a
cada uno de los jefes del ejército derrotado.
La Libertadora fue la última de las guerras intestinas que durante años sufrió
Venezuela. Con ella quedó sellado "el horroroso expediente de las guerras civiles", vencido
el caudillaje histórico y allanado el camino de una paz verdadera.
El sistema político venezolano de fines del siglo XIX, se caracterizó por una gran
contradicción en su proceso de secularización política. En otras palabras, pese a que la
sociedad tradicional fue cediendo ante procesos más dinámicos en donde las estructuras
sociales, roles y subsistemas políticos se fueron especializando y complejizando, la
autonomía de éstas era poca o relativa en relación con el poder establecido. En este sentido,
se puede afirmar que aunque existía un proceso de diferenciación en la estructura de poder
del siglo XIX venezolano, había una baja autonomía de los roles y subsistemas políticos
que tenían la función de garantizar la estabilidad jurídico-institucional de la sociedad.
BIBLIOGRAFIA
TEACHER:
ABRAHAM REQUENA
REALIZED BY:
GABRIEL ANTUAREZ
4TO. AÑO "D"
NOVEMBER, 2017
INTRODUCTION
The revolutions that have taken place in Venezuela at different times in history have
had as a determining cause the ambition of power of the leaders of the day, disguised as
legalistic positions supported by the people, who have hopes to find in the leaders and in
the promises of these, solution to the social problems that afflict them.
Generally, the conspirators and subversives of the established public order have as an
argument to justify the rebellious conduct, the violation that the current government makes
to the Constitution.
ARMED CONFLICTS IN VENEZUELA IN THE XIX CENTURY
The so-called civil wars in Venezuela were a long series of conflicts that plagued the
country throughout the greater part of the 19th century.
Between 1830 and 1903 there were a total of 166 armed revolts and almost fifty years
of war. Among them we can mention THE LIBERATING REVOLUTION.
It was organized against Cipriano Castro by the Venezuelan banker Manuel Antonio
Matos, who directed all the actions from the Island of Trinidad. The uprising began in
Victoria on December 19, 1901 with General Luciano Mendoza; Ron, Arteaga Martínez,
Crespo Torres stood in the center; in Falcón Gregorio Riera and Amabile Solaigne; in
Oriente Nicolás Rolando, Domingo Monagas, Horacio Ducharne and Alejandro Ducharne;
in southern Guiana Zoilo Vidal and in the Andes, Juan Pablo and José Peñalosa.
The main leader of the movement against Castro was the General and banker Manuel
Antonio Matos, supported by foreign companies operating in Venezuela and especially the
New York & Bermúdez Company. On the other hand, the French company El Cable
Francés and the German company of the Great Railway of Venezuela delivered $ 100,000
to Matos to finance a revolution.
Then he bought the Ban Right Ship in London, which he renamed the "Liberator", as
well as weapons and ammunition.
Matos began to organize a series of uprisings in the interior using many local
caudillos who were against the government. In January of 1902, he disembarked near Coro,
spreading the movement throughout the country.
The battle lasted 22 days. It was the longest, the bloodiest and the most important that
was fought in Venezuela. The troops of "La Libertadora" began to withdraw from La
Victoria and with their leaders were returning to their regions of origin. From that moment,
Juan Vicente Gómez, active lieutenant of Castro, was in charge of liquidating each one of
the leaders of the defeated army.
The Liberator was the last of the internal wars that Venezuela suffered for years. With
it was sealed "the horrific file of civil wars", defeated the historical leadership and paved
the way to true peace.
The liberating revolution would be defeated on October 13, 1902, in the battle of
victory. This ended an uprising whose sole objective was to remove the Andean power,
restore the government to traditional sectors and deliver the country to foreign capital.
These battles would represent the last civil war in Venezuela, and thanks to its triumph the
Castro government undermined the bases of caudillismo, which allowed it to apply its
project of centralization, not without facing, as never before had a Venezuelan president,
with modern foreign powers.
With the defeat of the Liberating Revolution the international capitals decided to
move from opposition to direct intervention, and in this way they began to strangle the
national economy. The culminating point was the block of the Venezuelan coasts, the 9 of
December of 1902, on the part of German, English and Italian ships, with the pretext to
force the government to fulfill commitments of debts.
The proclamation "The Insolent Plant of the Foreigner Profane the Sacred Ground of
the Fatherland", of the same of December, definitively defined a firm position on the part of
Cipriano Castro, which generated a nationalist reaction in the country, so important that
many of its adversaries they united it against the aggression (for example: El Mocho
Hernández), added to the significant popular mobilization and the Latin American
sympathy, all of which the Venezuelan leader won a high popularity.
The Latin American support aroused by Castro's attitude was expressed in different
ways: the cadets of the Military School of Chile placed their photo in their institute and
daily gave him the military salute; the support of Peru showed the possibility of calling a
mobilization in support of Venezuela; the jurist Luis Mariani Drago, foreign minister of
Argentina, enunciated the famous Drago Doctrine, in which any armed action by foreign
powers against Latin American countries was cataloged as unacceptable, to force him to
comply with commitments of payment of debts international
CONCLUSION
The Venezuelan political system of the late nineteenth century was characterized by
a great contradiction in its process of political secularization. In other words, although
traditional society was yielding to more dynamic processes in which social structures, roles
and political subsystems became specialized and more complex, their autonomy was little
or relative in relation to established power. In this sense, it can be affirmed that although
there was a process of differentiation in the power structure of the nineteenth century in
Venezuela, there was a low autonomy of the political roles and subsystems that had the
function of guaranteeing the juridical-institutional stability of society.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
CIPRIANO CASTRO