DESIGN OF REINFORCED BEAM (USD)

DESIGN VARIABLES FTB ( FOOTING TIE BEAM)

dead load = 11.02 kn/m

live load = 18.75 kn/m
total depth = 200 mm
e.concrete cover = 40 mm
effective depth = 160 mm
width = 150 mm
span = 3.000 m
fy = 276 Mpa
f'c = 20.7 Mpa
unit weight of conc. = 23.5 kN/cu.m
weight of beam = 0.705 kN/m
Ec = 21383.7 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa
β = 0.85

A. LOAD COMBINATION

Wu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL
Wu = 44.06 kN/m

B. POSITIVE MOMENT
Wu L²
Mu = ------------
12
44.1 kN/m ( 3 m)²
Mu = -----------------------------------
12

Mu = 33.049 kN-m
`
C. MAXIMUN MOMENT

0.85 β f'c (600)

ρmax = 0.75 ----------------------
fy (600 + fy)

0.75 (0.85) ( 20.7 Mpa) 600 0.85

ρmax = ------------------------------------------------------------
276 Mpa (600 + 276 )

ρmax = 0.0278

ρ fy 0.02784 ( 276 )
Ѡ = ------ = ---------------------------------------
f'c 20.7

Ѡ = 0.371

Mu max = Φ f'c bd² Ѡ (1-0.59Ѡ)

Mu max = ( 0.9 ) ( 20.7 ) ( 150 ) ( 160 ) ( 0.3711 ) ( 1 - 0.59 x 0.3711 )

Mu max = 20.74 kN-m

DESIGN IS DOUBLY REINFORCED

DESIGN OF SINGLY REINFORCED BEAM (neglect if the design is doubly reinforced)

a. RESISTING COEFFICIENT, Ru

Mu Mu 33.049
Ru = ------------------ = ------------------ = ----------------------------------------
Φ b d² Φ b d² 0.9 ( 150 mm ) ( 160 mm )²

Ru = 9.56 Mpa

0.85 f'c 2Ru 0.85 ( 20.7 ) 2 ( 9.56 )

ρ = ------------------ 1 - 1 - -------------- = ------------------ 1 - 1 - -------------------
fy 0.85 f'c 276 0.85 ( 20.7 )

ρ = #NUM! < ρ max

 b. steel reinforcement area, As ρmin = 0.0051

As = ρbd

As = #NUM! ( 150 mm ) ( 160 mm ) ( 2 )

As = #NUM! mm²
SUMMARY
using 12 mm diameter bar: COMPRESSION BARS:
use 12 mm diameter bar 3 pcs
As #NUM! TENSION BARS:
n = ------------ n = ------------ n = 6 pcs use 12 mm diameter bar 3 pcs
( D )² π ( 12 )² π DIMENSION:
------------ ------------ depth = 200 mm
4 4 width = 150 mm

D. CHECK IN SHEAR

Wu L 44.07 ( 3 )
Vu = ------------ = -------------------
2 2

Vu = 66.10 Kn

f'c bd 20.7 ( 150 ) ( 160 )

Vc = ------------ = ---------------------------------
6 6

Vc = 18.199 kN

ΦVn = Vu
0.8Vn = 66.1 Kn

Vn = 82.6 Kn

Vs = Vn - Vc
Vs = 82.6 - 18.1989
Vs = 64.43 KN

Vu > ΦVc …………………………………… SAFE

SPACING OF STIRRUPS REQUIREMENTS

2 f'c b d
Vs < ----------------------
3

2 21 ( 150 ) ( 160 )
64.4 < ---------------------------------------------- ……………… use the required spacing equation
3

use 10 mm diameter stirrups

Av fy d 157.1 ( 276 ) ( 200 )
s = ------------------ = ------------------------------
Vs 64.43

s = 135 mm

maximum required spacing within critical shear

f'c bd 20.7 ( 150 ) ( 160 )

Vs < ------------ < --------------------------------- ……………… 80 mm
3 3

use 80 mm spacing of ties of the beam at critical section

E. CHECK IN ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION (SINGLY REINFORCED)

4
5ѠL L
δact = ------------------ δ(allow) = -------- = 8 mm
384 EC IE 360

Ec = 21383.71 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa
fr = 3.185 MPa
n = 9
As = 8 - Ø16mm = 904.7808

Mcr 3 Mcr 3
Ie = ------- Ig + 1 - ------- Icr
Ma Ma

3
bh 150 ( 200 )3
4
Ig = ------- = ------------------- = 100,000,000 mm
12 12

Ma = 33.05 kN-m
b = 150
locate neutral axis (cracked transformed section )

Ma top = Ma bot.

x b ( x / 2 ) = n A s ( de - x ) x = 88.3
150 ( x2 / 2 ) = 9 ( 904.78 ) ( 160 - x ) de = 160
75 x2 + 8143.0272 x - 1302884 = 0
x1 = 88.257 mm
x2 = -196.8 mm n As de - x = 71.7

therefore:
x = 88.257 mm
a = 71.743 mm

Icr = Σ( Ig + Ad2 )

150 ( 88.26 )3
Icr = ---------------------- + 150 ( 88.257 ) ( 88 / 2 )2 + 8143 ( 71.74 )2
12

Icr = 76,285,637.59 mm4

fr Ig 3.18481 ( 100000000 )
Mcr = -------- = ------------------------------- = 3.18 kN-m cracking moment
yt 100

3.18 3 3.185 3
Ie = -------------- 100000000 + 1 - ------- 76285637.59
33.05 33.05

Ie = 76,306,860.42 mm
4

4
5 ( 44.1 ) ( 3000 )
δact = --------------------------------------------
384 ( 21383.709 ) ( 76306860.42 )

δact = 28.48 mm < δ(allow) …………………… RETRY

MAXIMUM STRESS IN CONRETE

Mc 3.1848077 ( 88.2574 )
fc = --------- = ----------------------------
I 76285637.59

fc = 3.68 Mpa < 20.7 Mpa ………………… SAFE

SUMMARY
MAXIMUM STRESS IN STEEL
ITEM ACTUAL ALLOWABLE REMARKS
Mcn 3.18481 ( 9 ) ( 71.743 ) SHEAR 66.10 15.47 SAFE
fs = --------- = ------------------------------- DEFLECTION 28.48 150.00 SAFE
I 76285637.59 CONCRETE STRESS 3.68 20.7 SAFE
YIELDING STRESS 26.96 276 SAFE
fs = 27 Mpa < 276 Mpa …………………. SAFE