THEORY OF

ARCHITECTURE 

&

PRINCIPLES OF
PLANNING
 THEORY OF
ARCHITECTURE 

&

PRINCIPLES OF
PLANNING
 THEORY OF
ARCHITECTURE 

&

PRINCIPLES OF
PLANNING
Theory of Architecture & Principles of
Planning

TAPP (JPT – MANILA)

Ar. Frances Leana Capellan
 Theory of Architecture & Principles of
Planning

TAPP (JPT – MANILA)

Ar. Frances Leana Capellan
MODULE 1 Definition, Theories, Concepts
MODULE 2 Philosophies, Processess, Society
MODULE 3 Planning & Urban Design
MODULE 4 Tropical Design & Other Concepts
 MODULE 1
• Definition of Architecture
• Essence of Architecture
• Architectural Systems
• Concepts in Architecture
• Architectural Theories
ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE
ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE
FUNCTIONAL
STRUCTURALLY SOUND

ECONOMICAL
ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE
FUNCTIONAL FUNCTIONAL
STRUCTURALLY SOUND STRUCTURALLY SOUND

ECONOMICAL BEAUTIFUL
DEFINITION 

OF

ARCHITECTURE
 VITRUVIUS
Marcus Vitruvius Polio
 VITRUVIUS
Marcus Vitruvius Polio

FIRMITAS
 VITRUVIUS
Marcus Vitruvius Polio

FIRMITAS

UTILITAS
 VITRUVIUS
Marcus Vitruvius Polio

FIRMITAS

UTILITAS

VENUSTAS
 VITRUVIUS
Marcus Vitruvius Polio

FIRMITAS FIRMNESS

UTILITAS COMMODITY

VENUSTAS DELIGHT
 VITRUVIUS
Marcus Vitruvius Polio

FIRMITAS FIRMNESS DURABILITY

UTILITAS COMMODITY UTILITY

VENUSTAS DELIGHT BEAUTY

 DEFINITION OF ARCHITECTURE
DK CHING, A VISUAL DICTIONARY OF ARCHITECTURE

The ART

and SCIENCE

of DESIGNING

and CONSTRUCTING

BUILDINGS.
 DEFINITION OF ARCHITECTURE
DK CHING, A VISUAL DICTIONARY OF ARCHITECTURE

The ART

and SCIENCE

of DESIGNING

and CONSTRUCTING

BUILDINGS.
 DEFINITION OF ARCHITECTURE
DK CHING, A VISUAL DICTIONARY OF ARCHITECTURE

The ART
product or result of architectural work

and SCIENCE

of DESIGNING

and CONSTRUCTING

BUILDINGS.
 DEFINITION OF ARCHITECTURE
DK CHING, A VISUAL DICTIONARY OF ARCHITECTURE

The ART
product or result of architectural work

and SCIENCE

of DESIGNING

and CONSTRUCTING

BUILDINGS.
 DEFINITION OF ARCHITECTURE
DK CHING, A VISUAL DICTIONARY OF ARCHITECTURE

The ART
product or result of architectural work

and SCIENCE
style or method of building
characteristic of a people, place or time
of DESIGNING

and CONSTRUCTING

BUILDINGS.
 DEFINITION OF ARCHITECTURE
DK CHING, A VISUAL DICTIONARY OF ARCHITECTURE

The ART
product or result of architectural work

and SCIENCE
style or method of building
characteristic of a people, place or time
of DESIGNING

and CONSTRUCTING

BUILDINGS.
 DEFINITION OF ARCHITECTURE
DK CHING, A VISUAL DICTIONARY OF ARCHITECTURE

The ART
product or result of architectural work

and SCIENCE
style or method of building
characteristic of a people, place or time
of DESIGNING
profession of designing buildings and other
habitable environments

and CONSTRUCTING

BUILDINGS.
 DEFINITION OF ARCHITECTURE
DK CHING, A VISUAL DICTIONARY OF ARCHITECTURE

The ART
product or result of architectural work

and SCIENCE
style or method of building
characteristic of a people, place or time
of DESIGNING PROCESS
profession of designing buildings and other
habitable environments

and CONSTRUCTING

BUILDINGS.
 DEFINITION OF ARCHITECTURE
DK CHING, A VISUAL DICTIONARY OF ARCHITECTURE

The ART
product or result of architectural work

and SCIENCE
style or method of building
characteristic of a people, place or time
of DESIGNING
profession of designing buildings and other
habitable environments

and CONSTRUCTING
conscious act of forming things resulting in a unifying
or coherent structure
BUILDINGS.
 DEFINITION OF ARCHITECTURE
DK CHING, A VISUAL DICTIONARY OF ARCHITECTURE

The ART
product or result of architectural work

and SCIENCE
style or method of building
characteristic of a people, place or time
of DESIGNING
profession of designing buildings and other
habitable environments

and CONSTRUCTING
conscious act of forming things resulting in a unifying
or coherent structure
BUILDINGS.
 THE 

ESSENCE 

OF 

ARCHITECTURE
ESSENCE OF ARCHITECTURE
ESSENCE OF ARCHITECTURE
 ESSENCE OF ARCHITECTURE

Greek words

ARCHI = first, original

TECT = the ability to put things together
 ESSENCE OF ARCHITECTURE

Greek words

ARCHI = first, original

TECT = the ability to put things together

Sanskrit root

ARTS = everything in its right place

ESSENCE OF ARCHITECTURE
 ESSENCE OF ARCHITECTURE
Fundamental Desires of Man
• It gives form to the invisible pulses
and rhythm of life
 ESSENCE OF ARCHITECTURE
Fundamental Desires of Man

1. Preservation
2. Recognition
3. Response to a need
4. Self - expression
 ESSENCE OF ARCHITECTURE

• Architecture is the process that we instinctively

recognize as the genius of growth and creation

• It gives form to the invisible pulses and rhythm

of life

• The physical manifestation of the power is a

consequence of the desire for the invisible to
be made visible
 ESSENCE OF ARCHITECTURE

• Architecture is the process that we instinctively

recognize as the genius of growth and creation

• It gives form to the invisible pulses and rhythm of

life

• The physical manifestation of the power is a

consequence of the desire for the invisible to be
made visible
 ESSENCE OF ARCHITECTURE

• Architecture is the process that we instinctively

recognize as the genius of growth and creation

• It gives form to the invisible pulses and rhythm of

life

• The physical manifestation of the power is a

consequence of the desire for the invisible to be
made visible
THEORIES 

IN 

ARCHITECTURE
THEORIES 

IN 

ARCHITECTURE
 THEORY
Analysis of a set of facts in relation to one another
 THEORY
Analysis of a set of facts in relation to one another
Belief, policy or procedure proposed
or followed as basis of action
 THEORY
Analysis of a set of facts in relation to one another
Belief, policy or procedure proposed
or followed as basis of action
An ideal or hypothetical set of facts,
principles or circumstances of a body of fact
on science or art
 THEORY
Analysis of a set of facts in relation to one another
Belief, policy or procedure proposed
or followed as basis of action
An ideal or hypothetical set of facts,
principles or circumstances of a body of fact
on science or art
A plausible or scientifically accepted general
principle or body of principles offered to
explain phenomenon
 FORMS / TYPES OF THEORY
• DESCRIPTIVE
• PRESCRIPTIVE
• CRITICAL
 FORMS / TYPES OF THEORY
• DESCRIPTIVE
Explains phenomenon or events
Neutral – do not lean towards any ideology
 FORMS / TYPES OF THEORY
• PRESCRIPTIVE
Prescribes bases or guidelines
 FORMS / TYPES OF THEORY
• CRITICAL
Challenges relationships between architecture
& society
 ARCHITECTURAL THEORY
ESSENCE & COMPOSITION
• A collection of thoughts, views and ideas
• Organized by theme or topic
• Evolution of thoughts
• Combination of various thoughts,
speculations and concepts
 ARCHITECTURAL THEORY
ESSENCE & COMPOSITION
• A collection of thoughts, views and ideas
• Organized by theme or topic
• Evolution of thoughts
• Combination of various thoughts,
speculations and concepts
 ARCHITECTURAL THEORY
ESSENCE & COMPOSITION
• A collection of thoughts, views and ideas
• Organized by theme or topic
• Evolution of thoughts
• Combination of various thoughts,
speculations and concepts
 ARCHITECTURAL THEORY
ESSENCE & COMPOSITION
• A collection of thoughts, views and ideas
• Organized by theme or topic
• Evolution of thoughts
• Combination of various thoughts,
speculations and concepts
 ARCHITECTURAL THEORY
ESSENCE & COMPOSITION
• A collection of thoughts, views and ideas
• Organized by theme or topic
• Evolution of thoughts
• Combination of various thoughts,
speculations and concepts
There is no grand theory or unified theory of architecture.
 ARCHITECTURAL THEORY
ESSENCE & COMPOSITION
• A collection of thoughts, views and ideas
• Organized by theme or topic
• Evolution of thoughts
• Combination of various thoughts,
speculations and concepts
There is no grand theory or unified theory of architecture.
ARCHITECTURAL 

SYSTEMS
ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS
 ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS
The architecture of: SPACE
STRUCTURE
ENCLOSURE
 ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS
The architecture of: SPACE
STRUCTURE
ENCLOSURE

Experienced through: Movement

Space - Time
 ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS
The architecture of: SPACE
STRUCTURE
ENCLOSURE

Experienced through: Movement

Space - Time
Achieved by means of: Technology
 ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS
The architecture of: SPACE
STRUCTURE
ENCLOSURE

Experienced through: Movement

Space - Time
Achieved by means of: Technology

Accommodating a: Program
 ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS
The architecture of: SPACE
STRUCTURE
ENCLOSURE

Experienced through: Movement

Space - Time
Achieved by means of: Technology

Accommodating a: Program
Compatible with its Context
 ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS
Architecture SPACE
STRUCTURE
ENCLOSURE

Experience Movement
Space - Time
Means Technology
Accommodation Program
Compatibility Context
 ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS
Architecture SPACE
STRUCTURE
ENCLOSURE

Experience Movement
Space - Time
Means Technology
Accommodation Program
Compatibility Context
 ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS
Architecture

SPACE
STRUCTURE
ENCLOSURE

▪ Organizational pattern, relationships, hierarchy

▪ Qualities of shape, color, texture,scale, proportion
▪ Qualities of surfaces, edges and openings
 ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS
Architecture SPACE
STRUCTURE
ENCLOSURE

Experience Movement
Space - Time
Means Technology
Accommodation Program
Compatibility Context
 ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS

Experience

Movement
Space - Time

▪ Approach and entry

▪ Path configuration and access
▪ Sequence of spaces
▪ Light, view, touch, hearing and smell
 ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS
Architecture SPACE
STRUCTURE
ENCLOSURE

Experience Movement
Space - Time
Means Technology
Accommodation Program
Compatibility Context
 ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS

Means

Technology

▪ Structure and enclosure

▪ Environmental protection and comfort
▪ Health, safety and welfare
▪ Durability
 ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS
Architecture SPACE
STRUCTURE
ENCLOSURE

Experience Movement
Space - Time
Means Technology
Accommodation Program
Compatibility Context
 ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS

Accommodation
Program

▪ User requirements, needs, aspirations

▪ Socio-cultural factors
▪ Economic factors
▪ Legal restraints
▪ Historical tradition and precedents
 ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS
Architecture SPACE
STRUCTURE
ENCLOSURE

Experience Movement
Space - Time
Means Technology
Accommodation Program
Compatibility Context
 ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS

Compatibility

Context

▪ Site and environment

▪ Climate: sun, wind, temperature and precipitation
▪ Geography: soils, topography, vegetation and water
▪ Sensory and cultural characteristics of the place
 ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS

SPACE Architecture
STRUCTURE
ENCLOSURE

Movement Experience
Space - Time
Technology Means

Program Accommodation

Context Compatibility
 ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS

SPACE Architecture
STRUCTURE SPATIAL SYSTEM
ENCLOSURE

Movement Experience
Space - Time
Technology Means

Program Accommodation

Context Compatibility
 ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS

SPACE Architecture
STRUCTURE SPATIAL SYSTEM
ENCLOSURE

Movement Experience
Space - TimeENCLOSURE SYSTEM
Technology Means

Program Accommodation

Context Compatibility
 ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS

SPACE Architecture
STRUCTURE SPATIAL SYSTEM
ENCLOSURE

Movement Experience
Space - Time ENCLOSURE SYSTEM
Technology Means
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

Program Accommodation

Context Compatibility
 ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS

SPACE Architecture
STRUCTURE SPATIAL SYSTEM
ENCLOSURE

Movement Experience
Space - Time ENCLOSURE SYSTEM
Technology Means
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

Program Accommodation
CIRCULATION SYSTEM
Context Compatibility
 ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS

SPACE Architecture
STRUCTURE SPATIAL SYSTEM
ENCLOSURE

Movement Experience
Space - Time ENCLOSURE SYSTEM
Technology Means
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

Program Accommodation
CIRCULATION SYSTEM
Context Compatibility
CONTEXT
ARCHITECTURAL ORDERS
 SYSTEMS
SPACE Architecture
STRUCTURE SPATIAL SYSTEM
ENCLOSURE

Movement Experience
Space - Time ENCLOSURE SYSTEM
Technology Means
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

Program Accommodation
CIRCULATION SYSTEM
Context Compatibility
CONTEXT
 SYSTEMS ORDERS
SPACE Architecture
STRUCTURE SPATIAL SYSTEM
ENCLOSURE

Movement Experience
Space - Time ENCLOSURE SYSTEM
Technology Means
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

Program Accommodation
CIRCULATION SYSTEM
Context Compatibility
CONTEXT
 SYSTEMS ORDERS
SPACE Architecture
STRUCTURE SPATIAL SYSTEM
ENCLOSURE

Movement Experience
Space - Time ENCLOSURE SYSTEM
Technology Means
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

Program Accommodation
CIRCULATION SYSTEM
Context Compatibility
CONTEXT
 SYSTEMS ORDERS
SPACE Architecture
STRUCTURE SPATIAL SYSTEM PHYSICAL
ENCLOSURE

Movement Experience
Space - Time ENCLOSURE SYSTEM
Technology Means
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

Program Accommodation
CIRCULATION SYSTEM
Context Compatibility
CONTEXT
 SYSTEMS ORDERS
SPACE Architecture
STRUCTURE SPATIAL SYSTEM PHYSICAL
ENCLOSURE

Movement Experience
Space - Time ENCLOSURE SYSTEM
Technology Means
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

Program Accommodation
CIRCULATION SYSTEM
Context Compatibility
CONTEXT
 SYSTEMS ORDERS
SPACE Architecture
STRUCTURE SPATIAL SYSTEM PHYSICAL
ENCLOSURE

Movement Experience
Space - Time ENCLOSURE SYSTEM PERCEPTUAL
Technology Means
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

Program Accommodation
CIRCULATION SYSTEM
Context Compatibility
CONTEXT
 SYSTEMS ORDERS
SPACE Architecture
STRUCTURE SPATIAL SYSTEM PHYSICAL
ENCLOSURE

Movement Experience
Space - Time ENCLOSURE SYSTEM PERCEPTUAL
Technology Means
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

Program Accommodation
CIRCULATION SYSTEM
Context Compatibility
CONTEXT
 SYSTEMS ORDERS
SPACE Architecture
STRUCTURE SPATIAL SYSTEM PHYSICAL
ENCLOSURE

Movement Experience
Space - Time ENCLOSURE SYSTEM PERCEPTUAL
Technology Means
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

Program Accommodation
CIRCULATION SYSTEM CONCEPTUAL
Context Compatibility
CONTEXT
 SYSTEMS ORDERS
SPACE Architecture
STRUCTURE SPATIAL SYSTEM PHYSICAL
ENCLOSURE

Movement Experience
Space - Time ENCLOSURE SYSTEM PERCEPTUAL
Technology Means
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

Program Accommodation
CIRCULATION SYSTEM CONCEPTUAL
Context Compatibility
CONTEXT