BIRDS CLASSIFICATION BASED ON COLOR MOMENTS

Suryakumar H.R.
Department of Studies in Computer Science
University of Mysore
Mysore- 570006
gmail:hr.suryakumar@gmail.com

Abstract: The goal of this project is to implement a birds classification technique using an image
processing algorithm for efficient feature extraction. Color moment features like mean, standard
deviation and skewness features are extracted from the birds images and classify using KNN classifier
technique is used to classify the birds from the images. An overall 70.9% recognition rate was
achieved. Like many other methodologies different birds images may have similar or identical color
values. Hence, using color features analysis methods are still not effective enough to identify and
distinguish birds images.

I. INTRODUCTION photos. The present is the Robotic era. The

Birds are the part of nature. They
contribute to the ecosystem and environment.
Bird species identification from images is an
important and challenging problem with many
applications in the real world. In order to
evaluate the quality of our living environment it
is important to obtain reliable information about
the population of wild animals. Birds play
major role in Seed propagation, food chain, and
the beauty of nature etc. Thus, birds are greatly
helpful to humans and nature. Hence the
identification of the birds is necessary. Recent
machine learning and deep learning research
has put a lot of focus on facial recognition,
which involves detecting faces within images,
land marking specific features to account for
the angle at which the picture was taken, and
finally determining whose face is in the picture.
This is extremely valuable research and has
many applications including social media,
computer security, marketing, and healthcare.
While this research is booming, there has been
less focus on the classification of other
organisms like birds, for example. As with
facial recognition, there is much complexity in
the classification of bird’s due issues like the
similarities in different subspecies of birds,
challenges with the foreground or background
setting of images, and lighting conditions in
robots carry pre-defined tasks efficiently with
embedded computer vision systems. Computer
vision systems have many applications such as
performing object identification, object
recognition etc. The use of automated methods
for bird species identification is an effective
way to evaluate the quantity and diversity of the
birds. In all these systems, the images are
processed to extract useful features that are
necessary for further recognition and
classification. Birds are typically categorized
by their shape or color and physical
characteristics. Bird species classification is a
challenging problem both to humans and to
computational algorithms because this problem
is based on bird’s images. The majority of
activities in the real world can be carried out
automatically by the development of robotics.
One such application envisaged is the
classification of birds. A machine vision system
to identify and classify birds, a substantial work
dealing with the use of features set for
classification of different types of birds will be
proposed for bird’s classification methodology
from images using histograms, and other
features like color moments. They are fed to
various classifiers to classify them accordingly.
The various classifiers include Probabilistic
Neural Network (PNN), Support Vector
Machine (SVM), Back Propagation Network
(BPN), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm,
K-Mean classifier, Naive Bayes Classifier. The
purpose of the K- Nearest Neighbors (KNN)
algorithm is to use a database in which the data
points are separated into several separate
classes to predict the classification of a new
sample point. A new bird’s classification
system will be proposed. These propose method
classifies and recognizes bird’s images based
on obtained features values by using nearest
neighbors classification. This system also
serves as useful tool in a variety fields such as
education. The challenge of such a
classification task is due to the variation in the
background and illumination since most of the
images are gathered on birds’ natural habitat
and in the birds pose since it’s not possible to
control rotation, scale, and angle of view while
acquiring images. Visual properties (e.g.,
shape, color, marks, etc.) are important keys for
bird recognition. Some researchers utilize these
features to automatically identify birds. They
compared several image processing techniques
for the classification of bird’s species.
Therefore, it is particularly important to classify
the birds. With the development of image
identification technology, using modern
technology to identify birds has become an
effective research method.
II. Proposed methodology
In this project we proposed a methodology for
bird’s classification based KNN (K-nearest
neighbor classification methods. We take bird
images as training images to train the system
first. To do training, initially, pre-processing
techniques will be adopted to convert the rgb
image to grayscale image and then convert
grayscale image to binary image. Then, the
preprocessed images are identified by
extracting the features like color moment
feature and store in database. Then take one
testing image and do the same preprocessing
steps for the testing image, next step is to
compare features(values) obtained from testing
bird image with the database values using
KNN. Later, the processed images will be
further classified by using KNN (K-Nearest
Neighbor) classifier and finally get the
classified label of bird from classification
methods, which shows which bird belongs to
which group in the training sets and finally
compute the accuracy. MATLAB will be used
as the programming tool for classification of
birds using Image Processing toolbox.
III. Feature Extraction
Features are distinctive attribute or aspect of
something and feature is some essential
characteristics of birds. In this project we are
going to use features of color moments. The
color moments of an image are a simple yet
effective feature for color-based image
retrieval. From the probability theory, it is
observed that a probability distribution is
uniquely characterized by its moments. Thus, if
we interpret the color distribution of an image
as a probability distribution, then the color
distribution can be characterized by its
moments as well. Furthermore, as most of the
color distribution information can be captured
by the low-order moments, using only the first
three moments: mean, standard deviation and
skewness, it is found that these moments give a
good approximation and have been proven to be
efficient and effective in representing the color
distribution of images. Using these features, we
are going to classify the classes of birds.
Mean:
Mean can be understood as the average color
value in the image
Standard deviation:
The standard deviation is the square root of the
variance of the distribution.
 collected totally 320 images. The dataset set
as different type of images with the
complex background. Each class has
Skewness different orientation images.

Skewness can be understood as a measure of the degree Class 1 Class 2

of asymmetry in the distribution.

Class 3 Class 4
IV. CLASSIFICATION
The classification is problem of identify the
category or class of the specified image belongs
too.

KNN (K-Nearest Neighbor) classification

K-Nearest neighbor algorithm is a method for Fig 1: Collected dataset samples
classifying objects based on closest training
examples in the feature space. K-nearest
neighbor is among the simplest of all machine
learning algorithms. Training process for the
algorithm only consists of storing feature
vectors and labels of the training images. In the
classification process, the unlabeled query point
is simply assigned to the label of its k nearest
neighbors. Typically, the object is classified
based on the labels of its k nearest neighbors by
majority vote. I k=1, the object I simply
classified as the class of the object nearest to it.
When there are only two classes, k must be an
odd integer. However, there can still be tries Fig 2: Extracted Feature values
when k is an odd integer when performing
RESULT AND ANALYSIS
multiclass classification. After we convert each
image to a vector of fixed-length with real Table 1 shows accuracies of the KNN
numbers, we used the most common distance classification with the different set of training
function for KNN which is Euclidean distance data and testing data.

V. EXPIRIMENTAL ANALYSIS AND

OBSERVATION

Dataset: I have collected the dataset from

standard dataset from ‘Keggle’ dataset. The
dataset contains 4 classes, we have
Table 1: Accuracy for KNN

Conclusion
In this work, methodology of classification of
bird’s classification based on KNN is proposed.
This system tells us, which bird sample belong
to which class in already stored dataset. We aim
to develop a quick, automatic and accurate
system for the bird’s classification. Image
processing techniques are used for extracting
the color parameter like RBG, HSV, CMYK,
YIQ that are having some significance and
effect on the classification of birds. Extracted
features of birds based on the color and stored
in database and apply the k-nearest neighbor
method for classification. First, we do the pre-
processing stages and extract the components
value of the model. In other words, the results
of this project can be used as a specification of
bird’s features that must be considered for
bird’s classification. No work has been done for
these features like color moments. So, this
methodology will perform well under F-
measure value and the accuracy level of the
classification result is 70.9%.
Future Work
In our project we have worked on the limited
feature which we have concentrated only on
color moment feature. The goal of the project is
still far. Next step in the future work are
different classifier will be tested based on our
dataset and result will be recorded.
Comprehensive between two or more
classifiers will be more accurate.so that as been
a challenging task. Due to the number of factors
like image condition, illumination and image
background, most of methodology and
algorithms are unable to provide a solution for
those problems. A consideration attention is
required to develop efficient method to
overcome these problems. Here we collect the
standard database so in future collect the data
from itself and do the segmentation process. In
future can remove the background of the image
properly and segment the image according to
the user need. To get more accurate different
methodology for classification and feature
extraction should be applied. We can develop a
android application for a better utilization.
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