METODOS NUMERICOS

Quinto Trabajo 2007 - 1

Pregunta Nº 1

Prepare una hoja de cálculo para resolver la ecuación diferencial: y '   xy 2 con
condición inicial y 0   2 por el método de Aristón (un proceso de Runge – Kutta de
segundo orden global). Determine y 2  , primero con x  0.2 y luego con x  0.1 y
x  0.05 . Obtenga por extrapolación valores mejorados. Compare con la solución
exacta: y  2 /(1  x 2 )

Solución
METODO DE RUNGE KUTTA DE 2do ORDEN

k1  f x k , y k 
k 2  f x k  34 h , y k  34 k1 h 
y n 1  y n  h 13 k 1  23 k 2 

Sea la ecuación diferencial: f  x , y   y '   xy 2

Para h = 0.2

Solución Exacta Solución con h = 0.2

k xk y x k  yk k1 k2 y k 1 Error

0 0.000000 2.000000 2.000000 0.000000 0.600000 2.080000 0.080000

1 0.200000 1.923077 2.080000 -0.865280 -0.190166 1.996959 0.073882
2 0.400000 1.724138 1.996959 -1.595139 -0.772367 1.787634 0.063496
3 0.600000 1.470588 1.787634 -1.917382 -1.012537 1.524804 0.054216
4 0.800000 1.219512 1.524804 -1.860022 -1.008813 1.266294 0.046782
5 1.000000 1.000000 1.266294 -1.603501 -0.894372 1.040145 0.040145
6 1.200000 0.819672 1.040145 -1.298281 -0.750441 0.853534 0.033862
7 1.400000 0.675676 0.853534 -1.019928 -0.613453 0.703745 0.028069
8 1.600000 0.561798 0.703745 -0.792411 -0.496028 0.584780 0.022983
9 1.800000 0.471698 0.584780 -0.615542 -0.400135 0.490393 0.018695
10 2.000000 0.400000 0.490393 -0.480970 -0.323622 0.415179 0.015179

Para h = 0.1

Solución Exacta Solución con h = 0.1

k xk y x k  yk k1 k2 y k 1 Error

0 0.000000 2.000000 2.000000 0.000000 0.300000 2.020000 0.020000

1 0.100000 1.980198 2.020000 -0.408040 -0.098943 1.999802 0.019604
2 0.200000 1.923077 1.999802 -0.799842 -0.470360 1.941784 0.018707
3 0.300000 1.834862 1.941784 -1.131157 -0.775857 1.852355 0.017492
4 0.400000 1.724138 1.852355 -1.372487 -0.994651 1.740295 0.016157
5 0.500000 1.600000 1.740295 -1.514314 -1.124645 1.614842 0.014842
6 0.600000 1.470588 1.614842 -1.564628 -1.177307 1.484200 0.013612
7 0.700000 1.342282 1.484200 -1.541995 -1.170582 1.354762 0.012480
8 0.800000 1.219512 1.354762 -1.468303 -1.123116 1.230944 0.011432
9 0.900000 1.104972 1.230944 -1.363700 -1.050957 1.115423 0.010451
10 1.000000 1.000000 1.115423 -1.244169 -0.966357 1.009527 0.009527
11 1.100000 0.904977 1.009527 -1.121060 -0.877865 0.913634 0.008657
12 1.200000 0.819672 0.913634 -1.001673 -0.790984 0.827513 0.007841
13 1.300000 0.743494 0.827513 -0.890211 -0.708952 0.750576 0.007081
14 1.400000 0.675676 0.750576 -0.788709 -0.633436 0.682056 0.006381
15 1.500000 0.615385 0.682056 -0.697801 -0.565082 0.621124 0.005740
16 1.600000 0.561798 0.621124 -0.617272 -0.503903 0.566955 0.005157
17 1.700000 0.514139 0.566955 -0.546444 -0.449550 0.518770 0.004631
18 1.800000 0.471698 0.518770 -0.484420 -0.401488 0.475857 0.004159
19 1.900000 0.433839 0.475857 -0.430235 -0.359108 0.437575 0.003736
20 2.000000 0.400000 0.437575 -0.382944 -0.321787 0.403358 0.003358
 Para h = 0.05

Solución Exacta Solución con h = 0.05

k xk y x k  yk k1 k2 y k 1 Error

0 0.000000 2.000000 2.000000 0.000000 0.150000 2.005000 0.005000

1 0.050000 1.995012 2.005000 -0.201001 -0.049873 1.999988 0.004975
2 0.100000 1.980198 1.999988 -0.399995 -0.246261 1.985112 0.004914
3 0.150000 1.955990 1.985112 -0.591101 -0.433480 1.960811 0.004821
4 0.200000 1.923077 1.960811 -0.768956 -0.606536 1.927777 0.004701
5 0.250000 1.882353 1.927777 -0.929081 -0.761432 1.886912 0.004559
6 0.300000 1.834862 1.886912 -1.068131 -0.895356 1.839264 0.004402
7 0.350000 1.781737 1.839264 -1.184013 -1.006730 1.785973 0.004236
8 0.400000 1.724138 1.785973 -1.275880 -1.095144 1.728204 0.004066
9 0.450000 1.663202 1.728204 -1.344009 -1.161197 1.667097 0.003895
10 0.500000 1.600000 1.667097 -1.389606 -1.206284 1.603727 0.003727
11 0.550000 1.535509 1.603727 -1.414568 -1.232363 1.539072 0.003564
12 0.600000 1.470588 1.539072 -1.421246 -1.241735 1.473994 0.003406
13 0.650000 1.405975 1.473994 -1.412227 -1.236846 1.409228 0.003253
14 0.700000 1.342282 1.409228 -1.390147 -1.220136 1.345388 0.003106
15 0.750000 1.280000 1.345388 -1.357552 -1.193921 1.282965 0.002965
16 0.800000 1.219512 1.282965 -1.316799 -1.160320 1.222341 0.002829
17 0.850000 1.161103 1.222341 -1.270000 -1.121215 1.163800 0.002697
18 0.900000 1.104972 1.163800 -1.218988 -1.078230 1.107543 0.002571
19 0.950000 1.051248 1.107543 -1.165319 -1.032734 1.053696 0.002448
20 1.000000 1.000000 1.053696 -1.110276 -0.985858 1.002330 0.002330
21 1.050000 0.951249 1.002330 -1.054899 -0.938515 0.953464 0.002216
22 1.100000 0.904977 0.953464 -1.000004 -0.891428 0.907083 0.002106
23 1.150000 0.861141 0.907083 -0.946221 -0.845152 0.863141 0.002000
24 1.200000 0.819672 0.863141 -0.894016 -0.800105 0.821571 0.001899
25 1.250000 0.780488 0.821571 -0.843724 -0.756590 0.782289 0.001801
26 1.300000 0.743494 0.782289 -0.795569 -0.714814 0.745203 0.001708
27 1.350000 0.708592 0.745203 -0.749691 -0.674910 0.710211 0.001619
28 1.400000 0.675676 0.710211 -0.706159 -0.636950 0.677210 0.001534
29 1.450000 0.644641 0.677210 -0.664989 -0.600962 0.646095 0.001453
30 1.500000 0.615385 0.646095 -0.626157 -0.566935 0.616761 0.001376
31 1.550000 0.587803 0.616761 -0.589611 -0.534834 0.589106 0.001303
32 1.600000 0.561798 0.589106 -0.555274 -0.504603 0.563032 0.001234
33 1.650000 0.537273 0.563032 -0.523057 -0.476174 0.538441 0.001168
34 1.700000 0.514139 0.538441 -0.492863 -0.449469 0.515245 0.001106
35 1.750000 0.492308 0.515245 -0.464585 -0.424405 0.493355 0.001047
36 1.800000 0.471698 0.493355 -0.438118 -0.400894 0.472690 0.000992
37 1.850000 0.452233 0.472690 -0.413356 -0.378852 0.453172 0.000939
38 1.900000 0.433839 0.453172 -0.390193 -0.358191 0.434729 0.000890
39 1.950000 0.416450 0.434729 -0.368529 -0.338827 0.417293 0.000843
40 2.000000 0.400000 0.417293 -0.348266 -0.320681 0.400799 0.000799

Pregunta Nº 2
u '  2  1u  1 
Para resolver las ecuaciones diferenciales          ¿Puede usarse
 v '    1 2   v  2 
el método de Euler? ¿Y el método de Euler Inverso? ¿Y el método de Crack
Nicholson? En cada caso afirmativo, cuál sería el máximo x para que el
procedimiento sea estable? Para contestar esto, determine los valores y vectores
 2  1
característicos de la matriz A    y con estos obtenga ecuaciones
1 2 
desacopladas, de la forma y ' y  b
Solución

u ' 2 -1 u  1
  -1 2   2
 v' v 

Calculo de los valores y vectores propios de A

A   u ' 
 
 v '
 2  1
A   
1 2 

1  1 1  1 2  3 2  1
1 -1

Las ecuaciones desacopladas de la forma y '  y  b serán:

y ' 1 y  3 …………. (1)

y ' 3 y  -1 …………. (2)

Método de Euler:
Para la primera ecuación desacoplada
y ' y  3
f ( x, y )  y '  3  y
y n 1  y n  hf ( x n , y n )
y n 1  y n  h(3  y n )
y n 1  (1  h) y n  3h
Resolviendo la ecuación de diferencias obtenemos:
r  (1  h)  0
r  (1  h)
La solución general será:
y n  c(1  h) n  cte
Para que y n sea estable se tiene que cumplir que:
1 h  1
1  1 h  1
0h2

Para la segunda ecuación desacoplada:

y '3 y  1
f ( x, y )  y '  1  3 y
y n 1  y n  hf ( x n , y n )
y n 1  y n  h(1  3 y n )
y n 1  (1  3h) y n   h
Resolviendo la ecuación de diferencias obtenemos:
r  (1  3h)  0
r  (1  3h)
La solución general será:
y n  c(1  h) n  cte
Para que y n sea estable se tiene que cumplir que:
1  3h  1
 1  1  3h  1
0h2
3

Método de Euler Inverso

Para la primera ecuación desacoplada
y ' y  3
f ( x, y )  y '  3  y
y n 1  y n  hf ( x n 1 , y n 1 )
y n 1  y n  h(3  y n 1 )
(1  h) y n 1  y n  3h
Resolviendo la ecuación de diferencias obtenemos:
(1  h) r  1  0
1
r
1 h
La solución general será:
n
 1 
y n  c   cte
1 h 
Para que y n sea estable se tiene que cumplir que:
1
1
1 h
Esta desigualdad se cumple para cualquier valor de h>0

Para la segunda ecuación desacoplada

y '3 y  1
f ( x, y )  y '  1  3 y
y n 1  y n  hf ( x n 1 , y n 1 )
y n 1  y n  h(1  3 y n 1 )
(1  3h) y n 1  y n  h
Resolviendo la ecuación de diferencias obtenemos:
(1  3h)r  1  0
1
r
1  3h
La solución general será: y k  h 1  3h
n
 1 
y n  c   cte
 1  3h 
Para que y n sea estable se tiene que cumplir que:
1
1
1  3h
Esta desigualdad se cumple para cualquier valor de h>0
Método de Crack Nicholson
Para la primera ecuación desacoplada
y ' y  3
f ( x, y )  y '  3  y
1
y n 1  y n  ( f n 1  f n )
2
1
y n 1  y n  h(3  y n 1  3  y n )
2
1 1
y n 1  y n  3h  hy n 1  hy n
2 2
1 1
(1  h) y n 1  (1  h) y n  3h
2 2
Resolviendo la ecuación de diferencias obtenemos:
1 1
(1  h) r  (1  h)  0
2 2
 1 
1  h 
2 
r
 1 
1  h 
 2 
Para que y n sea estable se tiene que cumplir que:
 1 
1  h 
 2  1
 1 
1  h 
 2 
Esta desigualdad se cumple para cualquier valor de h>0

Para la segunda ecuación desacoplada:

y '3 y  1
f ( x, y )  y '  1  3 y
1
y n 1  y n  ( f n 1  f n )
2
1
y n 1  y n  h( 1  3 y n 1  1  3 y n )
2
3 3
y n 1  y n  h  hy n 1  hy n
2 2
3 31
(1  h) y n 1  (1  h) y n  h
2 2
Resolviendo la ecuación de diferencias obtenemos:
3 3
(1 h) r  (1  h)  0
2 2
 3 
1  h 
2 
r
 3 
1  h 
 2 
Para que y n sea estable se tiene que cumplir que:
 3 
1  h 
 2  1
 3 
1  h 
 2 
Esta desigualdad se cumple para cualquier valor de h>0

Pregunta Nº 3

Prepare una hoja de cálculo para resolver el sistema de ecuaciones diferenciales de la

pregunta anterior con uno de los métodos mencionados. Suponga que
u 0   v0   0 y experimente con distintos valores de x .

Solución

Metodo de Euler Inverso

y i1  y i  hf x i  1 , y i1 

Dada la ecuación: y '  y  b

y ' 1 y  3

y'  3 -1 y

Para h = 0.1

k xk yk y k  3h 1 h y k 1

0 0.000000 0.000000 0.300000 1.100000 0.272727

1 0.100000 0.272727 0.572727 1.100000 0.520661
2 0.200000 0.520661 0.820661 1.100000 0.746056
3 0.300000 0.746056 1.046056 1.100000 0.950960
4 0.400000 0.950960 1.250960 1.100000 1.137236
5 0.500000 1.137236 1.437236 1.100000 1.306578
6 0.600000 1.306578 1.606578 1.100000 1.460526
7 0.700000 1.460526 1.760526 1.100000 1.600478
8 0.800000 1.600478 1.900478 1.100000 1.727707
9 0.900000 1.727707 2.027707 1.100000 1.843370
10 1.000000 1.843370 2.143370 1.100000

Para h = 0.2

k xk yk y k  3h 1 h y k 1

0 0.000000 0.000000 0.600000 1.200000 0.500000

1 0.200000 0.500000 1.100000 1.200000 0.916667
2 0.400000 0.916667 1.516667 1.200000 1.263889
3 0.600000 1.263889 1.863889 1.200000 1.553241
4 0.800000 1.553241 2.153241 1.200000 1.794367
5 1.000000 1.794367 2.394367 1.200000 1.995306
6 1.200000 1.995306 2.595306 1.200000 2.162755
7 1.400000 2.162755 2.762755 1.200000 2.302296
8 1.600000 2.302296 2.902296 1.200000 2.418580
9 1.800000 2.418580 3.018580 1.200000 2.515483
10 2.000000 2.515483 3.115483 1.200000
 Metodo de Euler Inverso

y i1  y i  hf x i  1 , y i1 

Dada la ecuación: y '  y  b

y ' 3 y  -1

y '  -1 -3 y

Para h = 0.1

k xk yk yk  h 1  3h y k 1

0 0.000000 0.000000 -0.100000 1.300000 -0.076923

1 0.100000 -0.076923 -0.076923 1.000000 -0.076923
2 0.200000 -0.076923 -0.076923 1.000000 -0.076923
3 0.300000 -0.076923 -0.076923 1.000000 -0.076923
4 0.400000 -0.076923 -0.076923 1.000000 -0.076923
5 0.500000 -0.076923 -0.076923 1.000000 -0.076923
6 0.600000 -0.076923 -0.076923 1.010000 -0.076161
7 0.700000 -0.076161 -0.083854 1.007692 -0.083214
8 0.800000 -0.083214 -0.090906 1.007692 -0.090212
9 0.900000 -0.090212 -0.097904 1.007692 -0.097157
10 1.000000 -0.097157 -0.104849 1.007692

Para h = 0.2

k xk yk y k  3h 1 h y k 1

0 0.000000 0.000000 -0.019431 1.020970 -0.019032

1 0.200000 -0.019032 -0.019032 1.000000 -0.019032
2 0.400000 -0.019032 -0.019032 1.000000 -0.019032
3 0.600000 -0.019032 -0.019032 1.000000 -0.019032
4 0.800000 -0.019032 -0.019032 1.000000 -0.019032
5 1.000000 -0.019032 -0.019032 1.000000 -0.019032
6 1.200000 -0.019032 -0.019032 1.003886 -0.018959
7 1.400000 -0.018959 -0.022765 1.003806 -0.022679
8 1.600000 -0.022679 -0.026485 1.003806 -0.026385
9 1.800000 -0.026385 -0.030191 1.003806 -0.030077
10 2.000000 -0.030077 -0.033883 1.003806

Pregunta Nº 4

Considere el sistema de ecuaciones ü  Au  0 diferenciales

donde
 200  100 0  1  0
     
A    100 200  100  . Las condiciones iniciales son u 0   2 y u 0  0 . La
 0  100 200  3  0
    
1  1  1 
     
solución exacta es en este caso u  c1  2  cos 1t  c2  0  cos 2t  c3  2  cos 3t
1   1  1 
     
Siendo 1  200  100 2 ;  2  200 ;  3  200  100 2
2 2 2

 Determine las componentes c1 c 2 c3

 Determine la condición de estabilidad al usar el método de diferencia central.
 Utilizando la hoja de cálculo proporcionada en clase, observe como se
comporta la solución al tener intervalos t  0.01, 0.05, 0.10, 0.11
Solución

 Calculando las componentes c1 c 2 c3

SOLUCION DE SISTEMA DE ECUACIONES

DESCOMPOSICION A = LU

Ax  B
 a 11 a 12  a 1 n   x11   b11 
    
 a 21 a 22  a 2 n   x 21   b 21 
  
        
    
a an2  a nn   x n1   b n1 
 n1
A B
1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000
1.4142136 0.0000000 -1.4142136 2.0000000
1.0000000 -1.0000000 1.0000000 3.0000000

1.000000 1.000000 1.000000

1.414214 -1.414214 -2.828427
1.000000 -2.000000 0.000000

1.000000 1.000000 1.000000

1.414214 -1.414214 -2.828427
1.000000 1.414214 4.000000

L
1.000000 0.000000 0.000000
1.414214 1.000000 0.000000
1.000000 1.414214 1.000000

U
1.000000 1.000000 1.000000
0.000000 -1.414214 -2.828427
0.000000 0.000000 4.000000

Ly  B
L B
1.000000 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000 Y1 1.000000
1.414214 1.000000 0.000000 2.000000 Y2 = 0.585786
1.000000 1.414214 1.000000 3.000000 Y3 1.171573

Ux  Y
U Y
1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 x1 1.707107
0.000000 -1.414214 -2.828427 0.585786 x2 = -1.000000
0.000000 0.000000 4.000000 1.171573 x3 0.292893

 La condición de estabilidad se determina de la siguiente forma:

2 T
t  
 
2
12  200  100 2  1  10 2   0.26131259
2 t 
10 2  2
2
 22  200  2  10 2 t   0.14142136
10 2
2
 32  200  100 2  3  10 2  2 t   0.10823922
10 2  2
El modo que controla la estabilidad es el tercero por lo tanto para que el
proceso sea estable tendremos que usar un t  0.10823922
 SOLUCION DE SISTEMAS DE ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES ORDINARIAS
METODO DE DIFERENCIAS CENTRALES

u  Au  0
un   Au n
u n  12  u n  12   tun
u n 1  u n   tu n  12

Matriz A
2 T
t   200 -100 0
  -100 200 -100
t 0.0100 0 -100 200

Desplazamientos Velocidades Aceleraciones

t u1 u2 u3 v1 v2 v3 a1 a2 a3

0.00 1.000 2.000 3.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -400.000
0.01 1.000 2.000 2.960 0.000 0.000 -4.000 0.000 -4.000 -392.000
0.02 1.000 2.000 2.881 0.000 -0.040 -7.920 -0.040 -11.840 -376.200
0.03 1.000 1.998 2.764 0.000 -0.158 -11.682 -0.198 -23.206 -352.994
0.04 1.000 1.994 2.612 -0.002 -0.390 -15.212 -0.583 -37.639 -322.961
0.05 1.000 1.986 2.427 -0.008 -0.767 -18.442 -1.334 -54.555 -286.845
0.06 1.000 1.973 2.214 -0.022 -1.312 -21.310 -2.603 -73.262 -245.537
0.07 0.999 1.953 1.977 -0.048 -2.045 -23.765 -4.553 -92.985 -200.051
0.08 0.998 1.923 1.719 -0.093 -2.975 -25.766 -7.342 -112.894 -151.494
0.09 0.997 1.882 1.446 -0.167 -4.104 -27.281 -11.112 -132.134 -101.037
0.10 0.994 1.828 1.163 -0.278 -5.425 -28.291 -15.982 -149.852 -49.879
0.11 0.989 1.759 0.875 -0.437 -6.924 -28.790 -22.031 -165.232 0.777
0.12 0.983 1.673 0.588 -0.658 -8.576 -28.782 -29.291 -177.520 49.765
0.13 0.973 1.569 0.305 -0.951 -10.351 -28.285 -37.741 -186.053 95.983
0.14 0.960 1.447 0.031 -1.328 -12.212 -27.325 -47.297 -190.283 138.421
0.15 0.942 1.306 -0.228 -1.801 -14.115 -25.941 -57.809 -189.795 176.188
0.16 0.918 1.146 -0.470 -2.379 -16.013 -24.179 -69.063 -184.328 208.532
0.17 0.888 0.967 -0.691 -3.070 -17.856 -22.093 -80.779 -173.780 234.863
0.18 0.849 0.771 -0.888 -3.878 -19.594 -19.745 -92.618 -158.215 254.759
0.19 0.801 0.560 -1.060 -4.804 -21.176 -17.197 -104.186 -137.864 267.977
0.20 0.742 0.334 -1.205 -5.846 -22.554 -14.517 -115.049 -113.118 274.458
0.21 0.672 0.097 -1.323 -6.996 -23.686 -11.773 -124.743 -84.516 274.318
0.22 0.590 -0.148 -1.413 -8.244 -24.531 -9.030 -132.786 -52.728 267.846
0.23 0.494 -0.399 -1.477 -9.571 -25.058 -6.351 -138.701 -18.534 255.490
0.24 0.385 -0.651 -1.515 -10.958 -25.243 -3.796 -142.028 17.198 237.839
0.25 0.261 -0.902 -1.529 -12.379 -25.071 -1.418 -142.342 53.544 215.604
0.26 0.123 -1.147 -1.522 -13.802 -24.536 0.738 -139.273 89.552 189.591
0.27 -0.029 -1.384 -1.495 -15.195 -23.640 2.634 -132.524 124.272 160.683
0.28 -0.194 -1.607 -1.453 -16.520 -22.398 4.241 -121.882 156.788 129.803
0.29 -0.372 -1.816 -1.397 -17.739 -20.830 5.539 -107.234 186.248 97.895
0.30 -0.560 -2.005 -1.332 -18.811 -18.967 6.518 -88.578 211.889 65.892
0.31 -0.757 -2.174 -1.260 -19.697 -16.848 7.177 -66.033 233.066 34.690
0.32 -0.960 -2.319 -1.185 -20.357 -14.518 7.524 -39.836 249.268 5.125
0.33 -1.168 -2.439 -1.109 -20.756 -12.025 7.575 -10.350 260.137 -22.051
0.34 -1.377 -2.534 -1.036 -20.859 -9.424 7.355 21.945 265.480 -46.183
0.35 -1.583 -2.601 -0.967 -20.640 -6.769 6.893 56.456 265.271 -66.738
0.36 -1.784 -2.642 -0.905 -20.075 -4.116 6.225 92.490 259.653 -83.304
0.37 -1.975 -2.658 -0.851 -19.150 -1.520 5.392 129.271 248.935 -95.609
0.38 -2.154 -2.648 -0.806 -17.858 0.970 4.436 165.956 233.574 -103.511
0.39 -2.316 -2.615 -0.772 -16.198 3.305 3.401 201.657 214.166 -107.008
0.40 -2.458 -2.560 -0.749 -14.181 5.447 2.331 235.467 191.421 -106.223
0.41 -2.576 -2.487 -0.736 -11.827 7.361 1.269 266.482 166.141 -101.399
0.42 -2.667 -2.397 -0.734 -9.162 9.023 0.255 293.829 139.188 -92.886
0.43 -2.730 -2.292 -0.741 -6.224 10.415 -0.674 316.691 111.461 -81.123
0.44 -2.760 -2.177 -0.755 -3.057 11.529 -1.485 334.333 83.861 -66.623
0.45 -2.757 -2.053 -0.777 0.287 12.368 -2.152 346.128 57.260 -49.952
0.46 -2.720 -1.924 -0.803 3.748 12.940 -2.651 351.573 32.476 -31.710
0.47 -2.647 -1.791 -0.833 7.264 13.265 -2.968 350.311 10.241 -12.508
0.48 -2.540 -1.658 -0.864 10.767 13.368 -3.093 342.145 -8.821 7.046
0.49 -2.398 -1.525 -0.894 14.188 13.279 -3.023 327.048 -24.214 26.371
0.50 -2.223 -1.395 -0.922 17.459 13.037 -2.759 305.168 -35.589 44.926
0.51 -2.018 -1.268 -0.945 20.510 12.681 -2.310 276.829 -42.751 62.227
0.52 -1.785 -1.145 -0.962 23.279 12.254 -1.688 242.526 -45.668 77.856
0.53 -1.528 -1.027 -0.971 25.704 11.797 -0.909 202.915 -44.467 91.471
0.54 -1.251 -0.914 -0.971 27.733 11.352 0.006 158.802 -39.433 102.812
0.55 -0.958 -0.804 -0.961 29.321 10.958 1.034 111.118 -30.995 111.703
0.56 -0.653 -0.698 -0.939 30.432 10.648 2.151 60.902 -19.708 118.049
0.57 -0.343 -0.593 -0.906 31.041 10.451 3.331 9.270 -6.238 121.838
0.58 -0.032 -0.489 -0.860 31.134 10.389 4.550 -42.609 8.668 123.127
0.59 0.275 -0.385 -0.802 30.708 10.475 5.781 -93.549 24.206 122.040
0.60 0.573 -0.277 -0.732 29.772 10.717 7.001 -142.376 39.545 118.755
0.61 0.857 -0.166 -0.651 28.349 11.113 8.189 -187.960 53.857 113.490
0.62 1.121 -0.050 -0.557 26.469 11.651 9.324 -229.247 66.346 106.494
0.63 1.363 0.073 -0.453 24.176 12.315 10.389 -265.285 76.282 98.031
0.64 1.578 0.204 -0.340 21.524 13.078 11.369 -295.254 83.019 88.371
0.65 1.764 0.343 -0.217 18.571 13.908 12.253 -318.489 86.027 77.773
0.66 1.918 0.491 -0.087 15.386 14.768 13.031 -334.493 84.907 66.480
0.67 2.038 0.647 0.050 12.041 15.617 13.695 -342.958 79.409 54.707
0.68 2.124 0.811 0.192 8.612 16.411 14.242 -343.770 69.441 42.633
0.69 2.176 0.982 0.339 5.174 17.106 14.669 -337.012 55.072 30.402
0.70 2.194 1.159 0.489 1.804 17.657 14.973 -322.963 36.535 18.113
0.71 2.180 1.339 0.640 -1.426 18.022 15.154 -302.090 14.220 5.827
0.72 2.136 1.521 0.793 -4.447 18.164 15.212 -275.033 -11.343 -6.433
0.73 2.064 1.701 0.944 -7.197 18.051 15.148 -242.588 -39.493 -18.678
0.74 1.967 1.878 1.094 -9.623 17.656 14.961 -205.687 -69.467 -30.945
0.75 1.851 2.047 1.240 -11.680 16.961 14.652 -165.366 -100.417 -43.287
0.76 1.717 2.207 1.382 -13.333 15.957 14.219 -122.742 -131.445 -55.768
0.77 1.572 2.353 1.519 -14.561 14.642 13.661 -78.978 -161.630 -68.447
0.78 1.418 2.484 1.649 -15.351 13.026 12.977 -35.251 -190.056 -81.374
0.79 1.261 2.595 1.770 -15.703 11.126 12.163 7.281 -215.848 -94.574
0.80 1.105 2.685 1.883 -15.630 8.967 11.217 47.508 -238.195 -108.041
0.81 0.953 2.750 1.984 -15.155 6.585 10.137 84.404 -256.384 -121.730
0.82 0.810 2.791 2.073 -14.311 4.021 8.919 117.048 -269.818 -135.547
0.83 0.679 2.804 2.149 -13.141 1.323 7.564 144.652 -278.041 -149.352
0.84 0.562 2.789 2.209 -11.694 -1.457 6.070 166.583 -280.750 -162.950
0.85 0.461 2.747 2.254 -10.028 -4.265 4.441 182.375 -277.808 -176.096
0.86 0.379 2.676 2.281 -8.205 -7.043 2.680 191.741 -269.247 -188.499
0.87 0.317 2.579 2.289 -6.287 -9.735 0.795 194.580 -255.269 -199.824
0.88 0.273 2.456 2.277 -4.341 -12.288 -1.203 190.975 -236.237 -209.706
0.89 0.249 2.310 2.244 -2.432 -14.650 -3.300 181.188 -212.669 -217.756
0.90 0.243 2.142 2.189 -0.620 -16.777 -5.478 165.650 -185.212 -223.577
0.91 0.253 1.955 2.112 1.037 -18.629 -7.714 144.948 -154.631 -226.779
0.92 0.278 1.754 2.012 2.486 -20.176 -9.981 119.800 -121.775 -226.991
0.93 0.315 1.540 1.889 3.684 -21.393 -12.251 91.038 -87.555 -223.882
0.94 0.361 1.317 1.744 4.595 -22.269 -14.490 59.580 -52.913 -217.170
0.95 0.413 1.089 1.578 5.190 -22.798 -16.662 26.401 -18.789 -206.644
0.96 0.467 0.859 1.390 5.454 -22.986 -18.728 -7.494 13.909 -192.173
0.97 0.521 0.631 1.184 5.379 -22.847 -20.650 -41.099 44.332 -173.720
0.98 0.571 0.407 0.960 4.968 -22.403 -22.387 -73.440 71.720 -151.349
0.99 0.613 0.190 0.721 4.234 -21.686 -23.901 -103.594 95.426 -125.234
1.00 0.645 -0.017 0.470 3.198 -20.732 -25.153 -130.722 114.935 -95.659

4.000

3.000

2.000

1.000

0.000
u

0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20

-1.000

-2.000

-3.000

-4.000
t
 SOLUCION DE SISTEMAS DE ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES ORDINARIAS
METODO DE DIFERENCIAS CENTRALES

u  Au  0
un   Au n
u n  12  u n  12   tun
u n 1  u n   tu n  12

2 T Matriz A
t  
  200 -100 0
-100 200 -100
t 0.0500 0 -100 200

Desplazamientos Velocidades Aceleraciones

t u1 u2 u3 v1 v2 v3 a1 a2 a3

0.00 1.000 2.000 3.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -400.000
0.05 1.000 2.000 2.000 0.000 0.000 -20.000 0.000 -100.000 -200.000
0.10 1.000 1.750 0.500 0.000 -5.000 -30.000 -25.000 -200.000 75.000
0.15 0.938 1.000 -0.813 -1.250 -15.000 -26.250 -87.500 -187.500 262.500
0.20 0.656 -0.219 -1.469 -5.625 -24.375 -13.125 -153.125 -37.500 271.875
0.25 -0.008 -1.531 -1.445 -13.281 -26.250 0.469 -151.563 160.938 135.938
0.30 -1.051 -2.441 -1.082 -20.859 -18.203 7.266 -33.984 275.000 -27.734
0.35 -2.179 -2.664 -0.788 -22.559 -4.453 5.879 169.336 236.133 -108.789
0.40 -2.883 -2.296 -0.766 -14.092 7.354 0.439 347.021 94.336 -76.416
0.45 -2.720 -1.693 -0.935 3.259 12.070 -3.381 374.780 -26.978 17.749
0.50 -1.620 -1.157 -1.060 21.998 10.721 -2.494 208.405 -36.670 96.295
0.55 0.001 -0.712 -0.944 32.419 8.888 2.321 -71.341 48.148 117.526
0.60 1.443 -0.148 -0.534 28.851 11.295 8.197 -303.379 120.438 92.031
0.65 2.127 0.718 0.106 13.683 17.317 12.799 -353.618 79.672 50.630
0.70 1.927 1.783 0.872 -3.998 21.301 15.330 -207.130 -76.677 3.832
0.75 1.210 2.657 1.649 -14.355 17.467 15.522 23.753 -245.512 -64.052
0.80 0.551 2.916 2.265 -13.167 5.191 12.319 181.383 -301.666 -161.287
0.85 0.346 2.422 2.477 -4.098 -9.892 4.255 172.904 -201.962 -253.295
0.90 0.574 1.422 2.057 4.547 -19.990 -8.410 27.483 -21.376 -269.147
0.95 0.870 0.369 0.963 5.921 -21.059 -21.867 -137.024 109.483 -155.768
1.00 0.823 -0.410 -0.519 -0.930 -15.585 -29.656 -205.648 112.402 62.864
1.05 0.263 -0.908 -1.845 -11.212 -9.965 -26.512 -143.348 23.424 278.166
1.10 -0.656 -1.348 -2.475 -18.380 -8.793 -12.604 -3.517 -43.561 360.240
1.15 -1.584 -1.897 -2.205 -18.556 -10.971 5.408 127.181 0.415 251.304
1.20 -2.194 -2.444 -1.306 -12.197 -10.951 17.973 194.393 138.805 16.820
1.25 -2.318 -2.645 -0.365 -2.477 -4.010 18.814 199.110 260.595 -191.373
1.30 -1.944 -2.194 0.097 7.479 9.019 9.245 169.420 254.022 -238.731
1.35 -1.146 -1.108 -0.038 15.950 21.720 -2.691 118.526 103.111 -103.217
1.40 -0.053 0.236 -0.430 21.876 26.876 -7.852 34.147 -95.529 109.682
1.45 1.127 1.341 -0.549 23.583 22.099 -2.368 -91.188 -210.447 243.858
1.50 2.078 1.920 -0.057 19.024 11.577 9.825 -223.541 -181.974 203.494
1.55 2.470 2.044 0.943 7.847 2.478 20.000 -289.617 -67.526 15.888
1.60 2.138 1.999 1.982 -6.634 -0.898 20.794 -227.766 12.253 -196.542
1.65 1.237 1.985 2.531 -18.022 -0.285 10.967 -48.968 -20.171 -307.639
1.70 0.214 1.920 2.310 -20.471 -1.294 -4.415 149.270 -131.662 -269.958
1.75 -0.437 1.526 1.414 -13.007 -7.877 -17.913 239.958 -207.494 -130.214
1.80 -0.487 0.614 0.193 -1.009 -18.252 -24.424 158.794 -152.143 22.763
1.85 -0.141 -0.679 -0.971 6.930 -25.859 -23.285 -39.803 24.669 126.324
1.90 0.106 -1.911 -1.820 4.940 -24.625 -16.969 -212.332 210.776 172.889
1.95 -0.177 -2.615 -2.236 -5.676 -14.086 -8.325 -226.000 281.635 185.705
2.00 -1.026 -2.615 -2.188 -16.976 -0.005 0.961 -56.260 201.602 176.076
2.05 -2.016 -2.111 -1.700 -19.789 10.075 9.764 192.011 50.723 128.810
2.10 -2.525 -1.481 -0.889 -10.189 12.612 16.205 356.957 -45.313 29.820
2.15 -2.142 -0.963 -0.005 7.659 10.346 17.696 332.096 -21.998 -95.409
2.20 -0.929 -0.501 0.642 24.264 9.246 12.925 135.688 71.488 -178.432
2.25 0.623 0.140 0.842 31.048 12.820 4.004 -110.693 118.544 -154.368
2.30 1.899 1.077 0.656 25.514 18.748 -3.715 -272.091 40.062 -23.483
2.35 2.495 2.115 0.412 11.909 20.751 -4.889 -287.428 -132.344 129.158
2.40 2.371 2.821 0.490 -2.462 14.134 1.569 -192.137 -278.145 184.135
2.45 1.768 2.833 1.029 -12.069 0.226 10.776 -70.314 -286.875 77.508
2.50 0.989 2.127 1.761 -15.585 -14.117 14.651 14.947 -150.368 -139.592
2.55 0.247 1.045 2.145 -14.837 -21.636 7.672 55.143 30.161 -324.488
2.60 -0.357 0.039 1.717 -12.080 -20.128 -8.553 75.307 128.274 -339.599
2.65 -0.773 -0.647 0.441 -8.315 -13.714 -25.533 89.886 96.177 -152.843
2.70 -0.964 -1.092 -1.218 -3.821 -8.905 -33.175 83.567 0.252 134.379
2.75 -0.946 -1.537 -2.541 0.358 -8.893 -26.456 35.526 -41.312 354.474
2.80 -0.839 -2.085 -2.977 2.134 -10.958 -8.732 -40.605 35.280 387.005
2.85 -0.834 -2.545 -2.447 0.104 -9.194 10.618 -87.614 180.832 234.852
2.90 -1.048 -2.552 -1.328 -4.277 -0.153 22.361 -45.608 272.778 10.482
2.95 -1.376 -1.878 -0.184 -6.557 13.486 22.885 87.396 219.553 -150.935
3.00 -1.485 -0.655 0.583 -2.188 24.464 15.338 231.591 40.667 -181.996
3.05 -1.016 0.670 0.895 9.392 26.497 6.238 270.157 -146.153 -111.893
3.10 0.129 1.630 0.927 22.900 19.190 0.644 137.106 -220.331 -22.381
3.15 1.617 2.038 0.903 29.755 8.173 -0.475 -119.581 -155.662 23.238
3.20 2.806 2.058 0.937 23.776 0.390 0.686 -355.393 -37.248 18.323
3.25 3.106 1.984 1.017 6.006 -1.473 1.603 -422.820 15.523 -5.066
3.30 2.349 1.949 1.085 -15.135 -0.696 1.349 -274.957 -46.439 -22.041
3.35 0.905 1.798 1.097 -28.882 -3.018 0.247 -1.225 -159.431 -39.605
3.40 -0.542 1.249 1.011 -28.944 -10.990 -1.733 233.262 -202.915 -77.225
3.45 -1.406 0.192 0.731 -17.281 -21.136 -5.594 300.389 -105.932 -126.961
3.50 -1.519 -1.129 0.134 -2.261 -26.432 -11.942 190.838 87.374 -139.699
3.55 -1.155 -2.233 -0.813 7.281 -22.064 -18.927 7.712 249.778 -60.745
3.60 -0.772 -2.711 -1.911 7.666 -9.575 -21.964 -116.826 274.035 111.026
3.65 -0.680 -2.505 -2.731 1.825 4.127 -16.413 -114.442 159.824 295.793
3.70 -0.875 -1.899 -2.813 -3.897 12.118 -1.624 -14.881 11.040 372.619
3.75 -1.107 -1.266 -1.962 -4.641 12.670 17.007 94.880 -53.830 265.896
3.80 -1.102 -0.767 -0.447 0.103 9.979 30.302 143.744 -1.591 12.767
3.85 -0.738 -0.272 1.100 7.290 9.899 30.941 120.338 90.571 -247.143
3.90 -0.072 0.450 2.029 13.307 14.428 18.583 59.406 105.747 -360.839
3.95 0.742 1.435 2.056 16.277 19.715 0.541 -4.793 -7.310 -267.678
4.00 1.544 2.403 1.414 16.038 19.350 -12.842 -68.422 -184.829 -42.506
4.05 2.174 2.908 0.666 12.617 10.108 -14.968 -144.048 -297.666 157.712
4.10 2.445 2.670 0.311 5.414 -4.775 -7.082 -222.066 -258.254 204.658
4.15 2.161 1.785 0.469 -5.689 -17.688 3.151 -253.614 -94.067 84.711
4.20 1.242 0.666 0.838 -18.370 -22.391 7.386 -181.873 74.928 -101.108
4.25 -0.131 -0.267 0.955 -27.463 -18.645 2.331 -0.462 135.713 -217.641
4.30 -1.505 -0.860 0.527 -27.487 -11.859 -8.551 215.107 74.116 -191.425
4.35 -2.342 -1.267 -0.379 -16.731 -8.153 -18.122 341.652 -18.618 -50.968
4.40 -2.324 -1.721 -1.412 0.351 -9.084 -20.671 292.717 -29.373 110.319
4.45 -1.575 -2.249 -2.170 14.987 -10.553 -15.155 90.080 75.318 209.103
4.50 -0.600 -2.588 -2.405 19.491 -6.787 -4.700 -138.768 217.145 222.165
4.55 0.027 -2.385 -2.085 12.553 4.070 6.409 -243.945 271.249 178.431
4.60 0.045 -1.503 -1.318 0.356 17.633 15.330 -159.337 173.350 113.294
4.65 -0.336 -0.188 -0.268 -7.611 26.300 20.995 48.277 -22.735 34.847
4.70 -0.595 1.070 0.868 -5.197 25.164 22.737 226.069 -186.672 -66.707
4.75 -0.290 1.861 1.839 6.106 15.830 19.402 244.158 -217.432 -181.575
4.80 0.626 2.109 2.355 18.314 4.958 10.323 85.811 -123.831 -260.014
4.85 1.756 2.048 2.221 22.604 -1.233 -2.678 -146.400 -11.865 -239.404
4.90 2.520 1.956 1.488 15.284 -1.826 -14.648 -308.377 9.582 -102.058
4.95 2.513 1.889 0.501 -0.134 -1.347 -19.751 -313.770 -76.370 88.713
5.00 1.722 1.631 -0.265 -15.823 -5.166 -15.315 -181.370 -180.402 216.035

4.000

3.000

2.000

1.000

0.000
u

0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00

-1.000

-2.000

-3.000

-4.000
t
 SOLUCION DE SISTEMAS DE ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES ORDINARIAS
METODO DE DIFERENCIAS CENTRALES

u  Au  0
un   Au n
u n  12  u n  12   tun

u n 1  u n   t u n  12

2 T Matriz A
t  
  200 -100 0
-100 200 -100
t 0.1000 0 -100 200

Desplazamientos Velocidades Aceleraciones

t u1 u2 u3 v1 v2 v3 a1 a2 a3

0.00 1.000 2.000 3.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -400.000
0.10 1.000 2.000 -1.000 0.000 0.000 -40.000 0.000 -400.000 400.000
0.20 1.000 -2.000 -1.000 0.000 -40.000 0.000 -400.000 400.000 0.000
0.30 -3.000 -2.000 -1.000 -40.000 0.000 0.000 400.000 0.000 0.000
0.40 -3.000 -2.000 -1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 400.000 0.000 0.000
0.50 1.000 -2.000 -1.000 40.000 0.000 0.000 -400.000 400.000 0.000
0.60 1.000 2.000 -1.000 0.000 40.000 0.000 0.000 -400.000 400.000
0.70 1.000 2.000 3.000 0.000 0.000 40.000 0.000 0.000 -400.000
0.80 1.000 2.000 3.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -400.000
0.90 1.000 2.000 -1.000 0.000 0.000 -40.000 0.000 -400.000 400.000
1.00 1.000 -2.000 -1.000 0.000 -40.000 0.000 -400.000 400.000 0.000
1.10 -3.000 -2.000 -1.000 -40.000 0.000 0.000 400.000 0.000 0.000
1.20 -3.000 -2.000 -1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 400.000 0.000 0.000
1.30 1.000 -2.000 -1.000 40.000 0.000 0.000 -400.000 400.000 0.000
1.40 1.000 2.000 -1.000 0.000 40.000 0.000 0.000 -400.000 400.000
1.50 1.000 2.000 3.000 0.000 0.000 40.000 0.000 0.000 -400.000
1.60 1.000 2.000 3.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -400.000
1.70 1.000 2.000 -1.000 0.000 0.000 -40.000 0.000 -400.000 400.000
1.80 1.000 -2.000 -1.000 0.000 -40.000 0.000 -400.000 400.000 0.000
1.90 -3.000 -2.000 -1.000 -40.000 0.000 0.000 400.000 0.000 0.000
2.00 -3.000 -2.000 -1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 400.000 0.000 0.000
2.10 1.000 -2.000 -1.000 40.000 0.000 0.000 -400.000 400.000 0.000
2.20 1.000 2.000 -1.000 0.000 40.000 0.000 0.000 -400.000 400.000
2.30 1.000 2.000 3.000 0.000 0.000 40.000 0.000 0.000 -400.000
2.40 1.000 2.000 3.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -400.000
2.50 1.000 2.000 -1.000 0.000 0.000 -40.000 0.000 -400.000 400.000
2.60 1.000 -2.000 -1.000 0.000 -40.000 0.000 -400.000 400.000 0.000
2.70 -3.000 -2.000 -1.000 -40.000 0.000 0.000 400.000 0.000 0.000
2.80 -3.000 -2.000 -1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 400.000 0.000 0.000
2.90 1.000 -2.000 -1.000 40.000 0.000 0.000 -400.000 400.000 0.000
3.00 1.000 2.000 -1.000 0.000 40.000 0.000 0.000 -400.000 400.000
3.10 1.000 2.000 3.000 0.000 0.000 40.000 0.000 0.000 -400.000
3.20 1.000 2.000 3.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -400.000
3.30 1.000 2.000 -1.000 0.000 0.000 -40.000 0.000 -400.000 400.000
3.40 1.000 -2.000 -1.000 0.000 -40.000 0.000 -400.000 400.000 0.000
3.50 -3.000 -2.000 -1.000 -40.000 0.000 0.000 400.000 0.000 0.000
3.60 -3.000 -2.000 -1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 400.000 0.000 0.000
3.70 1.000 -2.000 -1.000 40.000 0.000 0.000 -400.000 400.000 0.000
3.80 1.000 2.000 -1.000 0.000 40.000 0.000 0.000 -400.000 400.000
3.90 1.000 2.000 3.000 0.000 0.000 40.000 0.000 0.000 -400.000
4.00 1.000 2.000 3.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -400.000
4.10 1.000 2.000 -1.000 0.000 0.000 -40.000 0.000 -400.000 400.000
4.20 1.000 -2.000 -1.000 0.000 -40.000 0.000 -400.000 400.000 0.000
4.30 -3.000 -2.000 -1.000 -40.000 0.000 0.000 400.000 0.000 0.000
4.40 -3.000 -2.000 -1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 400.000 0.000 0.000
4.50 1.000 -2.000 -1.000 40.000 0.000 0.000 -400.000 400.000 0.000
4.60 1.000 2.000 -1.000 0.000 40.000 0.000 0.000 -400.000 400.000
4.70 1.000 2.000 3.000 0.000 0.000 40.000 0.000 0.000 -400.000
4.80 1.000 2.000 3.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -400.000
4.90 1.000 2.000 -1.000 0.000 0.000 -40.000 0.000 -400.000 400.000
5.00 1.000 -2.000 -1.000 0.000 -40.000 0.000 -400.000 400.000 0.000
 5.10 -3.000 -2.000 -1.000 -40.000 0.000 0.000 400.000 0.000 0.000
5.20 -3.000 -2.000 -1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 400.000 0.000 0.000
5.30 1.000 -2.000 -1.000 40.000 0.000 0.000 -400.000 400.000 0.000
5.40 1.000 2.000 -1.000 0.000 40.000 0.000 0.000 -400.000 400.000
5.50 1.000 2.000 3.000 0.000 0.000 40.000 0.000 0.000 -400.000
5.60 1.000 2.000 3.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -400.000
5.70 1.000 2.000 -1.000 0.000 0.000 -40.000 0.000 -400.000 400.000
5.80 1.000 -2.000 -1.000 0.000 -40.000 0.000 -400.000 400.000 0.000
5.90 -3.000 -2.000 -1.000 -40.000 0.000 0.000 400.000 0.000 0.000
6.00 -3.000 -2.000 -1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 400.000 0.000 0.000
6.10 1.000 -2.000 -1.000 40.000 0.000 0.000 -400.000 400.000 0.000
6.20 1.000 2.000 -1.000 0.000 40.000 0.000 0.000 -400.000 400.000
6.30 1.000 2.000 3.000 0.000 0.000 40.000 0.000 0.000 -400.000
6.40 1.000 2.000 3.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -400.000
6.50 1.000 2.000 -1.000 0.000 0.000 -40.000 0.000 -400.000 400.000
6.60 1.000 -2.000 -1.000 0.000 -40.000 0.000 -400.000 400.000 0.000
6.70 -3.000 -2.000 -1.000 -40.000 0.000 0.000 400.000 0.000 0.000
6.80 -3.000 -2.000 -1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 400.000 0.000 0.000
6.90 1.000 -2.000 -1.000 40.000 0.000 0.000 -400.000 400.000 0.000
7.00 1.000 2.000 -1.000 0.000 40.000 0.000 0.000 -400.000 400.000
7.10 1.000 2.000 3.000 0.000 0.000 40.000 0.000 0.000 -400.000
7.20 1.000 2.000 3.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -400.000
7.30 1.000 2.000 -1.000 0.000 0.000 -40.000 0.000 -400.000 400.000
7.40 1.000 -2.000 -1.000 0.000 -40.000 0.000 -400.000 400.000 0.000
7.50 -3.000 -2.000 -1.000 -40.000 0.000 0.000 400.000 0.000 0.000
7.60 -3.000 -2.000 -1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 400.000 0.000 0.000
7.70 1.000 -2.000 -1.000 40.000 0.000 0.000 -400.000 400.000 0.000
7.80 1.000 2.000 -1.000 0.000 40.000 0.000 0.000 -400.000 400.000
7.90 1.000 2.000 3.000 0.000 0.000 40.000 0.000 0.000 -400.000
8.00 1.000 2.000 3.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -400.000
8.10 1.000 2.000 -1.000 0.000 0.000 -40.000 0.000 -400.000 400.000
8.20 1.000 -2.000 -1.000 0.000 -40.000 0.000 -400.000 400.000 0.000
8.30 -3.000 -2.000 -1.000 -40.000 0.000 0.000 400.000 0.000 0.000
8.40 -3.000 -2.000 -1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 400.000 0.000 0.000
8.50 1.000 -2.000 -1.000 40.000 0.000 0.000 -400.000 400.000 0.000
8.60 1.000 2.000 -1.000 0.000 40.000 0.000 0.000 -400.000 400.000
8.70 1.000 2.000 3.000 0.000 0.000 40.000 0.000 0.000 -400.000
8.80 1.000 2.000 3.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -400.000
8.90 1.000 2.000 -1.000 0.000 0.000 -40.000 0.000 -400.000 400.000
9.00 1.000 -2.000 -1.000 0.000 -40.000 0.000 -400.000 400.000 0.000
9.10 -3.000 -2.000 -1.000 -40.000 0.000 0.000 400.000 0.000 0.000
9.20 -3.000 -2.000 -1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 400.000 0.000 0.000
9.30 1.000 -2.000 -1.000 40.000 0.000 0.000 -400.000 400.000 0.000
9.40 1.000 2.000 -1.000 0.000 40.000 0.000 0.000 -400.000 400.000
9.50 1.000 2.000 3.000 0.000 0.000 40.000 0.000 0.000 -400.000
9.60 1.000 2.000 3.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -400.000
9.70 1.000 2.000 -1.000 0.000 0.000 -40.000 0.000 -400.000 400.000
9.80 1.000 -2.000 -1.000 0.000 -40.000 0.000 -400.000 400.000 0.000
9.90 -3.000 -2.000 -1.000 -40.000 0.000 0.000 400.000 0.000 0.000
10.00 -3.000 -2.000 -1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 400.000 0.000 0.000

4.000

3.000

2.000

1.000

0.000
u

0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00

-1.000

-2.000

-3.000

-4.000
t
 SOLUCION DE SISTEMAS DE ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES ORDINARIAS
METODO DE DIFERENCIAS CENTRALES

u  Au  0
un   Au n
u n  1 2  u n  1 2   t un
u n 1  u n   t u n  12

2 T Matriz A
t  
  200.0 -100.0 0.0
-100.0 200.0 -100.0
t 0.1 0.0 -100.0 200.0

Desplazamientos Velocidades Aceleraciones

t u1 u2 u3 v1 v2 v3 a1 a2 a3

0.00 1.0 2.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -400.0
0.11 1.0 2.0 -1.8 0.0 0.0 -44.0 0.0 -484.0 568.0
0.22 1.0 -3.9 0.2 0.0 -53.2 18.5 -585.6 890.6 -424.2
0.33 -6.1 1.1 -2.9 -64.4 44.7 -28.2 1323.5 -1111.9 687.7
0.44 2.8 -7.5 2.3 81.2 -77.6 47.5 -1315.7 2010.1 -1210.1
0.55 -4.1 8.3 -7.1 -63.6 143.5 -85.6 1661.3 -2788.5 2252.7
0.66 9.0 -9.6 10.7 119.2 -163.2 162.2 -2756.2 3897.0 -3110.2
0.77 -11.3 19.6 -9.1 -184.0 265.5 -180.0 4211.7 -5946.5 3768.9
0.88 19.4 -23.2 16.7 279.3 -388.7 234.6 -6208.0 8257.1 -5668.0
0.99 -24.9 34.0 -26.0 -403.6 519.6 -388.9 8386.7 -11891.5 8602.7
1.10 32.1 -52.8 35.3 519.0 -788.4 557.4 -11703.1 17294.5 -12333.8
1.21 -52.4 69.8 -52.6 -768.4 1114.0 -799.3 17455.0 -24456.9 17503.9
1.32 74.3 -103.6 71.2 1151.7 -1576.3 1126.1 -25220.8 35277.6 -24610.7
1.43 -104.2 149.8 -102.7 -1622.6 2304.2 -1581.0 35823.6 -50655.8 35518.5
1.54 150.8 -209.6 153.2 2318.0 -3267.9 2326.0 -51118.6 72321.8 -51600.6
1.65 -212.8 306.0 -215.3 -3305.1 4687.5 -3350.1 73155.6 -104009.6 73663.2
1.76 308.8 -436.9 307.5 4742.0 -6753.6 4752.9 -105458.4 149012.9 -105189.6
1.87 -445.6 623.3 -442.5 -6858.4 9637.9 -6818.0 151442.5 -213459.8 150822.0
1.98 632.5 -899.4 632.5 9800.3 -13842.7 9772.5 -216433.8 306380.4 -216442.0
2.09 -908.4 1285.1 -911.5 -14007.4 19859.1 -14036.2 310179.9 -438999.8 310803.8
2.20 1304.0 -1842.3 1305.3 20112.4 -28430.9 20152.3 -445031.5 629389.9 -445285.3
2.31 -1868.5 2645.9 -1865.9 -28841.1 40802.0 -28829.1 638295.1 -902627.3 637777.8
2.42 2682.3 -3787.7 2680.0 41371.4 -58487.0 41326.4 -915231.5 1293761.7 -914760.4
2.53 -3841.1 5433.3 -3842.7 -59304.1 83826.8 -59297.2 1311553.8 -1855042.8 1311873.2
2.64 5505.2 -7791.8 5508.3 84966.8 -120227.9 85008.8 -1880222.9 2659703.0 -1880828.1
2.75 -7899.1 11165.6 -7898.8 -121857.7 172339.4 -121882.2 2696380.4 -3812904.2 2696315.2
2.86 11322.7 -16013.2 11319.6 174744.1 -247080.0 174712.4 -3865871.0 5466878.4 -3865238.3
2.97 -16232.4 22957.2 -16231.4 -250501.7 354276.6 -250463.8 5542208.3 -7837827.0 5542007.8
3.08 23273.1 -32910.1 23275.8 359141.3 -507884.4 359157.1 -7945627.2 11236910.4 -7946175.6
3.19 -33363.5 47189.2 -33365.6 -514877.7 728175.8 -514922.3 11391616.7 -16110756.8 11392047.6
3.30 47838.6 -67651.6 47836.7 738200.1 -1044007.5 738203.0 -16332867.5 23097841.2 -16332500.0
3.41 -68587.1 96991.5 -68584.2 -1058415.3 1496755.1 -1058372.0 23416575.5 -33115431.3 23415990.3
3.52 98327.7 -139062.2 98328.4 1517408.0 -2145942.4 1517386.9 -33571766.0 47478044.6 -33571887.7
3.63 -140975.7 199368.5 -140978.9 -2175486.3 3076642.5 -2175520.7 48132000.2 -68069168.5 48132636.5
3.74 202118.0 -285837.8 202118.7 3119033.7 -4410966.0 3119069.3 -69007367.9 97591216.5 -69007513.4
3.85 -289777.5 409809.7 -289774.6 -4471776.7 6324067.8 -4471757.2 98936466.4 -139917148.9 98935891.2
3.96 415458.3 -587540.3 415456.4 6411234.6 -9066818.6 6411190.8 -141845698.1 200599538.6 -141845311.0
4.07 -595638.8 842364.0 -595640.9 -9191792.2 12999130.7 -9191793.4 203364168.6 -287600778.4 203364581.2
4.18 853970.5 -1207701.0 853973.3 13178266.3 -18636954.9 13178310.5 -291564194.5 412334575.5 -291564754.9
4.29 -1224347.0 1731482.3 -1224346.1 -18893795.1 26719848.4 -18893812.5 418017629.5 -591165772.2 418017452.3
4.40 1755348.9 -2482440.2 1755345.7 27088144.2 -38308386.6 27088107.2 -599313794.2 847557497.7 -599313159.3
4.51 -2516652.2 3559083.0 -2516651.7 -38836373.2 54922938.2 -38836340.3 859238736.3 -1215146990.7 859238646.9
4.62 3608135.5 -5102672.4 3608138.5 55679887.8 -78743230.8 55679910.9 -1231894333.7 1742161872.1 -1231894931.0
4.73 -5172998.3 7315730.9 -5173000.0 -79828488.9 112894575.1 -79828531.5 1766172749.0 -2497746006.0 1766173089.3
4.84 7416558.2 -10488592.5 7416555.9 114450513.5 -161857485.5 114450508.3 -2532170888.1 3581029914.9 -2532170433.7
4.95 -10633153.1 15037546.0 -10633150.4 -164088284.2 232055805.1 -164088239.4 3630385221.0 -5134139557.7 3630384689.8
5.06 15244796.8 -21559404.1 15244798.0 235254090.1 -332699546.2 235254076.5 -5204899769.5 7360840291.5 -5204900000.8
5.17 -21856540.5 30909813.4 -21856543.6 -337284884.6 476992885.8 -337284923.6 7462289434.9 -10553271086.8 7462290063.1
5.28 31335824.4 -44315549.3 31335824.5 483566953.3 -683866933.7 483566983.3 -10698719808.2 15130274757.6 -10698719840.7
5.39 -44926320.4 63535412.5 -44926317.4 -693292225.6 980463289.6 -693292199.2 15338805341.3 -21692346286.6 15338804726.7
 80000000.0

60000000.0

40000000.0

20000000.0
u

0.0
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00
-20000000.0

-40000000.0

-60000000.0
t

Pregunta Nº 5

Se requiere determinar un valor característico  tal que:

d  1  dy 
   y  0 con condiciones de borde y 0  y 1  0
dx  1  x  dx 
Con tal fin, podría resolverse el problema:
y '  1  x z
z '   y
Con condiciones iniciales y 0   0 y z 0   1
Note que z 0  es un factor de escala, sin importancia, para la función característica y;
la verdadera incógnita es k se integran las dos ecuaciones diferenciales de primer
orden y se obtiene y ( x,  k ) . A menos que se haya acertado con el valor característico,
se tendrá y (1, k )  0 .

Se requiere iterar para lograr que f    y 1,    0 . Podría iterarse con el proceso de
dy dz
la secante, o hacer Newton. Para ello puede considerar: u  y v . Entonces,
d d
derivando las ecuaciones diferenciales antes planteadas respecto a  se tendría:
u '  1  x v
v '   y  u
Con condiciones iniciales y 0   0 y z 0   1

Estas ecuaciones pueden integrarse paralelamente a las anteriores, obteniéndose

u ( x,  k ) y luego:
 y 1,  k 
k 1   k 
u 1,  k 

Prepare una hoja de cálculo para obtener y ( x, k ) y u ( x, k ) con un método de Runge

– Kutta de segundo orden. Se sugiere considerar la aproximación inicial 0 entre 6 y
7, trabajando con un intervalo x del orden de 0.0025

Solución

METODO DE RUNGE KUTTA DE 2do ORDEN

k 1  f x k , y k 
k 2  f x k  3
4 h, y k  3
4 k1h 
y n 1  y n  h 13 k 1  2
3 k2 

Sea la ecuación diferencial:

0  6.819584 k  6.819584
Para h = 0.0025

f x , y   z '    y f  x , y   y '  1  x z

k xk zk k1 k2 z k 1 yk k1 k2 y k 1

0 0.000000 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000 0.000000 1.000000 1.003754 0.002506

1 0.002500 1.000000 -0.017092 -0.016873 0.999958 0.002506 1.002500 1.006263 0.005019
2 0.005000 0.999958 -0.034226 -0.033788 0.999873 0.005019 1.004957 1.008730 0.007537
3 0.007500 0.999873 -0.051402 -0.050745 0.999745 0.007537 1.007372 1.011153 0.010062
4 0.010000 0.999745 -0.068620 -0.067743 0.999575 0.010062 1.009743 1.013533 0.012593
5 0.012500 0.999575 -0.085878 -0.084780 0.999362 0.012593 1.012070 1.015869 0.015129
6 0.015000 0.999362 -0.103176 -0.101857 0.999107 0.015129 1.014353 1.018161 0.017672
7 0.017500 0.999107 -0.120513 -0.118972 0.998808 0.017672 1.016591 1.020407 0.020219
8 0.020000 0.998808 -0.137888 -0.136125 0.998466 0.020219 1.018784 1.022609 0.022773
9 0.022500 0.998466 -0.155301 -0.153315 0.998081 0.022773 1.020932 1.024765 0.025331
10 0.025000 0.998081 -0.172750 -0.170541 0.997653 0.025331 1.023033 1.026874 0.027895
11 0.027500 0.997653 -0.190236 -0.187803 0.997182 0.027895 1.025089 1.028938 0.030465
12 0.030000 0.997182 -0.207756 -0.205099 0.996667 0.030465 1.027097 1.030954 0.033039
13 0.032500 0.996667 -0.225311 -0.222430 0.996108 0.033039 1.029058 1.032923 0.035618
14 0.035000 0.996108 -0.242899 -0.239793 0.995506 0.035618 1.030972 1.034844 0.038202
15 0.037500 0.995506 -0.260520 -0.257189 0.994860 0.038202 1.032837 1.036717 0.040790
16 0.040000 0.994860 -0.278173 -0.274616 0.994171 0.040790 1.034655 1.038541 0.043383
17 0.042500 0.994171 -0.295857 -0.292074 0.993437 0.043383 1.036423 1.040317 0.045981
18 0.045000 0.993437 -0.313571 -0.309562 0.992660 0.045981 1.038142 1.042043 0.048583
19 0.047500 0.992660 -0.331315 -0.327078 0.991839 0.048583 1.039812 1.043719 0.051189
20 0.050000 0.991839 -0.349087 -0.344623 0.990974 0.051189 1.041431 1.045345 0.053799
380 0.950000 -0.845216 -0.577079 -0.569700 -0.846646 0.084621 -1.648170 -1.655787 0.080488
381 0.952500 -0.846646 -0.548893 -0.541874 -0.848007 0.080488 -1.653076 -1.660721 0.076342
382 0.955000 -0.848007 -0.520623 -0.513965 -0.849297 0.076342 -1.657853 -1.665526 0.072185
383 0.957500 -0.849297 -0.492271 -0.485976 -0.850517 0.072185 -1.662499 -1.670199 0.068016
384 0.960000 -0.850517 -0.463839 -0.457908 -0.851667 0.068016 -1.667014 -1.674741 0.063835
385 0.962500 -0.851667 -0.435331 -0.429764 -0.852746 0.063835 -1.671396 -1.679149 0.059644
386 0.965000 -0.852746 -0.406747 -0.401546 -0.853754 0.059644 -1.675646 -1.683424 0.055442
387 0.967500 -0.853754 -0.378090 -0.373256 -0.854691 0.055442 -1.679761 -1.687565 0.051229
388 0.970000 -0.854691 -0.349364 -0.344896 -0.855557 0.051229 -1.683742 -1.691570 0.047007
389 0.972500 -0.855557 -0.320569 -0.316470 -0.856352 0.047007 -1.687587 -1.695438 0.042775
390 0.975000 -0.856352 -0.291708 -0.287978 -0.857075 0.042775 -1.691295 -1.699170 0.038534
391 0.977500 -0.857075 -0.262783 -0.259423 -0.857726 0.038534 -1.694866 -1.702763 0.034283
392 0.980000 -0.857726 -0.233798 -0.230808 -0.858306 0.034283 -1.698298 -1.706217 0.030024
393 0.982500 -0.858306 -0.204754 -0.202136 -0.858813 0.030024 -1.701591 -1.709532 0.025757
394 0.985000 -0.858813 -0.175653 -0.173407 -0.859249 0.025757 -1.704744 -1.712706 0.021482
395 0.987500 -0.859249 -0.146498 -0.144625 -0.859612 0.021482 -1.707757 -1.715738 0.017199
396 0.990000 -0.859612 -0.117292 -0.115793 -0.859903 0.017199 -1.710628 -1.718628 0.012909
397 0.992500 -0.859903 -0.088037 -0.086911 -0.860121 0.012909 -1.713356 -1.721375 0.008613
398 0.995000 -0.860121 -0.058735 -0.057984 -0.860266 0.008613 -1.715941 -1.723978 0.004309
399 0.997500 -0.860266 -0.029389 -0.029013 -0.860339 0.004309 -1.718382 -1.726437 0.000000
400 1.000000 -0.860339 0.000000 0.000000 -0.860339 0.000000 -1.720678 -1.728750
 f x, y   v '   y   u f  x , y   u '  1  x v

k xk vk k1 k2 v k 1 uk k1 k2 u k 1

0 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

1 0.002500 0.000000 -0.002506 -0.002474 -0.000006 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
2 0.005000 -0.000006 -0.005019 -0.004955 -0.000019 0.000000 -0.000006 -0.000006 0.000000
3 0.007500 -0.000019 -0.007537 -0.007441 -0.000037 0.000000 -0.000019 -0.000019 0.000000
4 0.010000 -0.000037 -0.010062 -0.009933 -0.000062 0.000000 -0.000038 -0.000038 0.000000
5 0.012500 -0.000062 -0.012592 -0.012431 -0.000093 0.000000 -0.000063 -0.000063 0.000000
6 0.015000 -0.000093 -0.015127 -0.014934 -0.000131 0.000000 -0.000095 -0.000095 -0.000001
7 0.017500 -0.000131 -0.017668 -0.017442 -0.000175 -0.000001 -0.000133 -0.000134 -0.000001
8 0.020000 -0.000175 -0.020213 -0.019955 -0.000225 -0.000001 -0.000178 -0.000179 -0.000001
9 0.022500 -0.000225 -0.022764 -0.022473 -0.000281 -0.000001 -0.000230 -0.000231 -0.000002
10 0.025000 -0.000281 -0.025318 -0.024995 -0.000344 -0.000002 -0.000288 -0.000289 -0.000003
11 0.027500 -0.000344 -0.027878 -0.027521 -0.000413 -0.000003 -0.000354 -0.000355 -0.000004
12 0.030000 -0.000413 -0.030441 -0.030051 -0.000489 -0.000004 -0.000426 -0.000427 -0.000005
13 0.032500 -0.000489 -0.033008 -0.032585 -0.000570 -0.000005 -0.000504 -0.000506 -0.000006
14 0.035000 -0.000570 -0.035578 -0.035123 -0.000659 -0.000006 -0.000590 -0.000593 -0.000007
15 0.037500 -0.000659 -0.038152 -0.037664 -0.000753 -0.000007 -0.000683 -0.000686 -0.000009
16 0.040000 -0.000753 -0.040729 -0.040208 -0.000854 -0.000009 -0.000783 -0.000786 -0.000011
17 0.042500 -0.000854 -0.043308 -0.042755 -0.000961 -0.000011 -0.000890 -0.000894 -0.000013
18 0.045000 -0.000961 -0.045891 -0.045304 -0.001075 -0.000013 -0.001005 -0.001009 -0.000016
19 0.047500 -0.001075 -0.048475 -0.047856 -0.001195 -0.000016 -0.001126 -0.001131 -0.000019
20 0.050000 -0.001195 -0.051062 -0.050409 -0.001322 -0.000019 -0.001255 -0.001260 -0.000022
380 0.950000 -0.041972 0.649487 0.641182 -0.040362 -0.107647 -0.081845 -0.082224 -0.107852
381 0.952500 -0.040362 0.655019 0.646644 -0.038739 -0.107852 -0.078807 -0.079172 -0.108050
382 0.955000 -0.038739 0.660513 0.652067 -0.037101 -0.108050 -0.075734 -0.076084 -0.108240
383 0.957500 -0.037101 0.665965 0.657450 -0.035451 -0.108240 -0.072626 -0.072962 -0.108422
384 0.960000 -0.035451 0.671376 0.662792 -0.033787 -0.108422 -0.069483 -0.069805 -0.108596
385 0.962500 -0.033787 0.676745 0.668092 -0.032109 -0.108596 -0.066306 -0.066614 -0.108762
386 0.965000 -0.032109 0.682070 0.673349 -0.030418 -0.108762 -0.063094 -0.063387 -0.108921
387 0.967500 -0.030418 0.687351 0.678562 -0.028715 -0.108921 -0.059848 -0.060126 -0.109071
388 0.970000 -0.028715 0.692587 0.683731 -0.026998 -0.109071 -0.056568 -0.056831 -0.109213
389 0.972500 -0.026998 0.697777 0.688855 -0.025268 -0.109213 -0.053254 -0.053501 -0.109346
390 0.975000 -0.025268 0.702920 0.693932 -0.023526 -0.109346 -0.049905 -0.050138 -0.109471
391 0.977500 -0.023526 0.708015 0.698962 -0.021771 -0.109471 -0.046523 -0.046740 -0.109588
392 0.980000 -0.021771 0.713061 0.703943 -0.020004 -0.109588 -0.043107 -0.043308 -0.109696
393 0.982500 -0.020004 0.718057 0.708875 -0.018224 -0.109696 -0.039657 -0.039842 -0.109795
394 0.985000 -0.018224 0.723002 0.713758 -0.016432 -0.109795 -0.036174 -0.036343 -0.109886
395 0.987500 -0.016432 0.727896 0.718589 -0.014628 -0.109886 -0.032658 -0.032811 -0.109968
396 0.990000 -0.014628 0.732737 0.723368 -0.012811 -0.109968 -0.029109 -0.029245 -0.110041
397 0.992500 -0.012811 0.737525 0.728095 -0.010983 -0.110041 -0.025527 -0.025646 -0.110105
398 0.995000 -0.010983 0.742258 0.732767 -0.009143 -0.110105 -0.021912 -0.022014 -0.110160
399 0.997500 -0.009143 0.746936 0.737386 -0.007292 -0.110160 -0.018264 -0.018350 -0.110206
400 1.000000 -0.007292 0.751558 0.741948 -0.005429 -0.110206 -0.014584 -0.014652

0.500000

0.450000

0.400000

0.350000

0.300000

0.250000 Serie1

0.200000

0.150000

0.100000

0.050000

0.000000
0.000000 0.125000 0.250000 0.375000 0.500000 0.625000 0.750000 0.875000 1.000000

Xk