PSC I-Girder Bridge Design in BS

Structural Design of Pre Stressed Concrete (PSC) I-
Girder Bridges by ASTRA Pro

in BS-Eurocode2 Standard with
BD 37/01 Class Loadings
Launching of Pre-cast I-Girders by cranes
1
Foreword:
The procedure starts with Analysis for DL, SIDL, Live Load (Multi lane vehicle moving load), then
stepwise design considering temperature, creep shrinkage etc. for Flexure, Shear including
Blister Blocks etc. and finally producing editable CAD drawings with relevant structural &
construction details.
For PSC I-Girder the Main Long Girder is designed with applied Loading
Pre Stressed Post Tensioned Concrete I-Girder Bridge with detail step wise design calculation
report and complete set of sample CAD drawings are provided convertible to design drawings.
2
British Standard HA & HB Loading following BD 37/01 in ASTRA Pro
British Standard Design of RCC Deck Slab
3
Design of PSC I-Girders for Bridges
INTRODUCTION
This design note pertains to design of Precast PSC beam and cast-in -situ RCC slab superstructure of
37.5m span C/C expansion Joint.
The superstructure consists of four numbers of PSC I girders spaced at 3.0m c/c over which 200mm thick
deck slab is casted. The deck width of superstructure is kept 12.0m including 0.5m of crash barrier on both
sides.
The construction sequence proposed for the approach span superstructure is as follows
1 Casting of PSC beam on casting bed.

2 Stressing of stage I cables after 21 days of casting or when the concrete attains the strength of 45Mpa,
whichever is later.
3 Launching and placing the pre-stressed beams upon Permanent bearings (Pot cum PTFE)
4 Staging & shuttering for deck slab and end cross diaphragm to be erected.
5 Deck slab casting along with End diaphragm after 28days of casting of Girder
6 Casting of crash barrier & laying of wearing coat at 56 days after casting of girder.
The analysis of superstructure has been carried out by grillage analogy using ASTRA software. The four
span superstructure has been idealized as a mesh of longitudinal and transverse members and the loading
has been applied as per the construction sequence.
The analysis and design of beams has been carried out for the outer beam
Transverse analysis of deck has been done using ASTRA software and excel For dispersion, 65mm thick
wearing coat has been assumed but lode due to wearing coat has been assumed as 0.2 t/m2 assuming
future overlay.
Loading
Density of Concrete (RCC) = 2.5 t/m3
Density of Concrete (PSC) = 2.5 t/m3
Live Load = 2Lane/3Lane loading
Material
Concrete Grade for Deck Slab/End Diaphragm = M-40
PSC Girder = M-45
Reinforcement Bars = HYSD Fe-500
Clear cover = 40mm
REFERENCE CODES LIST

British Standard Eurocode2 Design of Concrete Structures
4
INPUT DATA
1 Distance between C/C Exp. Joint = 37.50 m (Skew)
2 Distance between C/C Exp. Joint = 26.52 m (Square)
3 Effective span C/C bearing Leff = 34.30 m (Skew)
4 Effective span c/C bearing Leff = 24.25 m (Square)
5 Overhang of girder off the bearing = 1 m
6 Overhang of slab off the bearing = 1.600 m
7 Expansion Joint = 40 mm
8 Deck Width = 12.0 m
9 Deck Width (Skew) = 16.97 m
10 Angle of skew Ang = 45.00 deg.
11 Clear carriage way Bcw = 11.10 m
12 Width of outer railing = 0.000 m
13 Width of Footpath = 0.000 m
14 Width of Crash Barrier Wkerb = 1 mm
15 Spacing of main girder c/c Spmg = 3.000 m (Square)
16 Spacing of main girder c/c Spmg = 4.243 m (Skew)
17 Thk of deck slab Df = 200 mm
18 Thk of deck slab at overhang = 400 mm
19 Thk of wearing coat Wc = 75 mm
20 Length of cantilever Lcan = 1.50 m
21 Cantilever slab thk at fixed end Dcan1 = 200 mm
22 Cantilever slab thk at free end Dcan2 = 200 mm
23 No of main girder Nomg = 4 nos
24 Depth of main girder Dmg = 2400 mm
25 Flange width of girder bf = 1000 mm
26 Web thk of girder at mid span = 0.30 m
27 Web thk of girder at Support = 0.65 m
28 Thickness of top flange = 150 mm
29 Thickness of top haunch = 75 mm
30 Bottom width of flange = 650 mm
31 Thickness of bottom flange = 250 mm
32 Thickness of bottom haunch Bbw = 200 mm
33 Length of varying portion Lwv = 2.50 m
34 Length of solid portion Lwu = 2.50 m
35 No of Intermediate cross girder Nocg = 1.00
36 Depth of Int. cross girder = 2350 mm
37 Depth of End. cross girder = 2350 mm
38 Web thk of Intermediate cross girder bwcg = 300 mm
39 Web thk of end cross girder = 600 mm
40 Grade of concrete for precast Girder = M 45 Mpa
41 Grade of concrete of other componant Cgrade = M 40 Mpa
42 Grade of reinforcement Sgrade = Fe 500 Mpa
43 Shape Factor λ λ = 0.80 Section 3.1.7, Eq. 3.19, BS Eurocode2
44 strength Factor η η = 1.00 Section 3.1.7, Eq. 3.21, BS Eurocode2
Partial factor of safety (Basic and
45 ɣc = Section 2.4.2.4, Table 2.1N, BS Eurocode2
seismic) 1.50
5
46 Partial factor of safety Accidental ɣc = 1.20 Section 2.4.2.4, Table 2.1N, BS Eurocode2
Coefficient to consider the influence of
47 α = 0.67
the strength
Design value of concrete comp strength
48 fcd =
for Basic and seismic 17.87 Mpa
Design value of concrete comp strength
49 fcd =
for Accidental 17.87 Mpa
43 Clear cover cov = 40.0 mm
44 Unit weight of dry concrete wcon = 2.40 t/m3
45 Unit weight of wet concrete = 2.60 t/m3
46 Weight of wearing course wwc = 2.20 t/m2
47 Weight of Crash Barrier wrail = 1.00 t/m
48 Weight of Railing = 0.30 t/m
49 Intensity of Load for shuttering = 0.50 t/m
50 Stress in concrete (compression) fck = 40 Mpa
51 Stress in steel (tension) fyk = 500 Mpa
Partial factor of safety for basic and γs = 1.15 Section 2.4.2.4, Table 2.1N, BS
52
seismic Eurocode2
Partial factor of safety for Accidental γs = 1.00 Section 2.4.2.4, Table 2.1N, BS
53
Eurocode2
54 Ecm = 33000 Mpa
55 Es = 200000 Mpa
56 Modular ratio m = 6.061
57 Anchorage from c/L of bearing = 1.050 m (Min. 1/2 of end X-girder Thk.)
58 Length of Girder beyond c/L of Bearing = 0.900 m
59 Distance of Jack from c/L of Bearing = 0.900 m
6
STRESSING AND CASTING SEQUENCE
1st stage prestressing 21 day
Casting of Deck Slab 28 day
Shift of Bearing 56 day
SIDL(Wearing Coat & Crash Barrier) 56 day
Age of deck slab at time of SIDL 28 day
Fck at 1st stage of prestressing 45.0 Mpa
Fck at service 45.0 Mpa
2
Modulus of Elasticity (Conc) 21th Day 3.24E+06 t/m
2
2
2
Modulus of Elasticity (Strands) 1.95E+07 t/m
Type of cables 19 T13
Breaking Load 183.7 KN
2
Area of 1 strand = 98.7/1000000 = 9.870E-05 m
2
Area of one cable = 9.870E-05*19 = 1.875E-03 m
No of Cables stressed in 1st stage 3.737
Jacking Force 0.765 *UTS
No of Sections to be checked 5
Prestressing force per cable (UTS) 349.5 t
Factors with 20% for loss calculation

Elastic Shortening loss 1.0
Relaxation loss 1.2
Shrinkage loss 1.2
Creep loss 1.2
Factors without 20% for loss calculation

Elastic Shortening loss 1.0
Relaxation loss 1.0
Shrinkage loss 1.0
Creep loss 1.0
Factor for Relaxation Loss

1000hr relaxation (for low relaxation steel) 2.50%
1000hr relaxation (for normal relaxation steel) 5.00%
Strain due to differential shrinkage and creep 1.00E-04
Reduction factor due to differential creep 0.43
(As per BS:5400)
7
PROPERTIES
OUTER GIRDER AT MIDSPAN

3000
0
200
150 1000 PROPERTIES GIRDER COMPOSITE UNIT
75 AREA (A) 0.9738 1.5558 m2
MOMENT OF INERTIA ( Iz) 0.6349 1.2331 m4
Ytop 1.1794 0.9007 m
1725 300 Ztop 0.5383 1.3690 m3
2400
Ybot. 1.2206 1.6993 m
Zbot. 0.5201 0.7257 m3
200
250
650
0.701
INNER GIRDER AT MIDSPAN
3000
0
200
75 AREA (A) 0.9738 1.5558 m2
Ytop 1.1794 0.9007 m
1725 300 Ztop 0.5383 1.3690 m3
2400
Ybot. 1.2206 1.6993 m
Zbot. 0.5201 0.7257 m3
200
250
650
OUTER GIRDER AT SUPPORT

3000
0
200
38 AREA (A) 1.6192 2.2012 m2
Ytop 1.1593 1.0263 m
Ztop 0.7072 1.4623 m3
2400
650 Ybot. 1.2407 1.5737 m
2212
Zbot. 0.6607 0.9536 m3
8
INNER GIRDER AT SUPPORT
3000
0
200
38 AREA (A) 1.6192 2.2012 m2
Ytop 1.1593 1.0263 m
Ztop 0.7072 1.4624 m3
2400
650 Ybot. 1.2407 1.5737 m
2212
Zbot. 0.6607 0.9536 m3
END CROSS GIRDER

lo= 0.7*3.81= 2970
1194 m beff = lo/5 + bw = 1193.97 m [ Cl. 305.15.2 IRC 21 ]
1580 1000 OR 2196.96 m
200
400 200
2250 600 PROPERTIES COMPOSITE UNIT

AREA (A) 2.0048 m2
MOMENT OF INERTIA ( Iz) 1.1137 m4
Ytop 0.9647 m
Ztop 1.1545 m3
Ybot. 1.4853 m
Zbot. 0.7499 m3
Properties of Member 820 to 844

2
Length of slab = 3.34*32500/33500= 3.240 m Area, Ax = 0.6481 m
4
Thickness of slab = 0.200 m Iz = 0.0022 m
Properties of Member 815 to 819 849 to 849

2
Length of slab = =(3.717+1.8)/2*32500/33500=2.676 m Area, Ax = 0.5352 m
4

2
Length of slab = =(2.8+1.8)/2*32500/33500=2.231 m Area, Ax = 0.4463 m
4

2
Length of slab = =(2.8)/2*32500/33500=1.358 m Area, Ax = 0.2635 m
4
9
SECTIONS CONSIDERED IN DESIGN
34.3m
Simply Supported Span

Sec 1-1 Support = 0.000 m
Sec 2-2 At end varying = 5.000 m
Sec 3-3 L/4 = 34.3*0.25 = 8.575 m
Sec 4-4 3L/8 = 34.3*0.375 = 12.863 m
Sec 5-5 L/2 = 34.3*0.5 = 17.150 m
10
CALCULATION OF MOMENTS AND SHEARS FOR OUTER GIRDER
Analysis for dead load is done manually while analyses for SIDL and LL are done by GRILLAGE analysis using
ASTRA-PRO. Only the c/c of bearing has been considered in analysis.
DEAD LOAD
1. Under self weight of the precast Girder
Effective Span of the girder = 34.3021 m
2.5m 3.24t/m 2.43t/m 2.5m 4.05t/m

24.3m
0.001m 34.30m 0.00m

34.30m
Support Reaction = 47.80 t
Section 1-1
Support X = 0.000 m
BM = -0.05 t-m
SF = 47.80 t
Section 2-2
At End varying X = 5.000 m
BM = 190.89 t-m
SF =29.58 =+45.89-(3.89*(2.5-0.001))-3.11*(5-(2.50.001))
Section 3-3
At L/4 X = 8.575 m
BM = 281.09 t-m
SF = 20.88 t
Section 4-4
At 3L/8 X = 12.863 m
BM = 348.23 t-m
SF = 10.44 t
Section 5-5
At L/2 X = 17.150 m
BM = 370.62 t-m
SF = 0.00 t
11
2. Under Deck Slab Load
0.00t 1.56t/m
34.302m
34.300m
With Wet density With Dry density

3 3
(2.6 t/m ) (2.5 t/m )
Section 1-1
Support X = 0.000 m
BM = 0.00 t-m 0 t-m
SF = 28.01 t 26.93 t
Section 2-2
BM = 120.56 t-m 115.92 t-m
SF = 20.21 t 19.43 t
Section 3-3
L/4 X = 8.575 m
BM = 182.85 t-m 175.81 t-m
SF = 14.63 t 14.07 t
Section 4-4
3L/8 X = 12.863 m
BM = 231.25 t-m 222.36 t-m
SF = 7.95 t 7.64 t
Section 5-5
L/2 X = 17.150 m
BM = 250.99 t-m 241.33 t-m
SF = 1.26 t 1.21 t
12
3. Shuttering Load
0.50t/m
34.3m
34.3m
Section 1-1
Support X = 0.000 m
BM = 0.00 t-m
SF = 8.58 t
Section 2-2
BM = 36.63 t-m
SF = 6.08 t
Section 3-3
L/4 X = 8.575 m
BM = 55.15 t-m
SF = 4.29 t
Section 4-4
3L/8 X = 12.863 m
BM = 68.93 t-m
SF = 2.14 t
Section 5-5
L/2 X = 17.150 m
BM = 73.53 t-m
SF = 0.00 t
13
LIVE LOAD BM SUMMARY
FOR OUTER GIRDER OG1 AND OG2
70R WHEEL ONLY

HA & HB_UNIT_6
Maximum BM & corrs. SF
BM SEC. (1-1) 34.22 tm SF(SEC. 1-1) 44.94 t

BM SEC. (2-2) 75.51 tm SF(SEC. 2-2) 29.77 t
BM SEC. (3-3) 113.80 tm SF(SEC. 3-3) 21.66 t
BM SEC. (4-4) 127.80 tm SF(SEC. 4-4) 13.68 t
BM SEC. (5-5) 133.30 tm SF(SEC. 5-5) 3.34 t
Maximum SF & corrs. BM
BM SEC. (1-1) 10.35 tm SF(SEC. 1-1) 44.94 t

BM SEC. (2-2) 55.19 tm SF(SEC. 2-2) 44.94 t
BM SEC. (3-3) 75.51 tm SF(SEC. 3-3) 29.37 t
BM SEC. (4-4) 86.48 tm SF(SEC. 4-4) 21.74 t
BM SEC. (5-5) 127.30 tm SF(SEC. 5-5) 21.74 t
HA & HB_UNIT_11
BM SEC. (1-1) 34.33 tm SF(SEC. 1-1) 45.05 t

BM SEC. (2-2) 75.98 tm SF(SEC. 2-2) 29.91 t
BM SEC. (3-3) 114.40 tm SF(SEC. 3-3) 21.52 t
BM SEC. (4-4) 128.80 tm SF(SEC. 4-4) 13.68 t
BM SEC. (5-5) 133.30 tm SF(SEC. 5-5) 3.19 t
BM SEC. (1-1) 10.66 tm SF(SEC. 1-1) 45.05 t

BM SEC. (2-2) 55.19 tm SF(SEC. 2-2) 45.05 t
BM SEC. (3-3) 75.98 tm SF(SEC. 3-3) 29.50 t
BM SEC. (4-4) 86.70 tm SF(SEC. 4-4) 21.74 t
BM SEC. (5-5) 127.30 tm SF(SEC. 5-5) 21.74 t
HA & HB_UNIT_16
BM SEC. (1-1) 34.22 tm SF(SEC. 1-1) 44.90 t

BM SEC. (2-2) 75.45 tm SF(SEC. 2-2) 29.77 t
BM SEC. (3-3) 113.80 tm SF(SEC. 3-3) 21.66 t
BM SEC. (4-4) 127.80 tm SF(SEC. 4-4) 13.68 t
BM SEC. (5-5) 133.30 tm SF(SEC. 5-5) 3.34 t
14
BM SEC. (1-1) 10.34 tm SF(SEC. 1-1) 44.90 t

BM SEC. (2-2) 55.07 tm SF(SEC. 2-2) 44.90 t
BM SEC. (3-3) 75.45 tm SF(SEC. 3-3) 29.33 t
BM SEC. (4-4) 85.87 tm SF(SEC. 4-4) 21.76 t
BM SEC. (5-5) 127.20 tm SF(SEC. 5-5) 21.76 t
HA & HB_UNIT_21
BM SEC. (1-1) 34.55 tm SF(SEC. 1-1) 45.02 t

BM SEC. (2-2) 75.98 tm SF(SEC. 2-2) 29.92 t
BM SEC. (3-3) 114.90 tm SF(SEC. 3-3) 21.54 t
BM SEC. (4-4) 129.10 tm SF(SEC. 4-4) 13.89 t
BM SEC. (5-5) 134.20 tm SF(SEC. 5-5) 3.21 t
BM SEC. (1-1) 10.70 tm SF(SEC. 1-1) 45.02 t

BM SEC. (2-2) 55.19 tm SF(SEC. 2-2) 45.02 t
BM SEC. (3-3) 75.98 tm SF(SEC. 3-3) 29.46 t
BM SEC. (4-4) 86.08 tm SF(SEC. 4-4) 21.74 t
BM SEC. (5-5) 127.30 tm SF(SEC. 5-5) 21.74 t
HA & HB_UNIT_26
BM SEC. (1-1) 34.22 tm SF(SEC. 1-1) 44.90 t

BM SEC. (2-2) 75.44 tm SF(SEC. 2-2) 29.77 t
BM SEC. (3-3) 113.80 tm SF(SEC. 3-3) 21.66 t
BM SEC. (4-4) 127.80 tm SF(SEC. 4-4) 13.68 t
BM SEC. (5-5) 133.30 tm SF(SEC. 5-5) 3.34 t
BM SEC. (1-1) 10.33 tm SF(SEC. 1-1) 44.90 t

BM SEC. (2-2) 54.98 tm SF(SEC. 2-2) 44.90 t
BM SEC. (3-3) 75.44 tm SF(SEC. 3-3) 29.32 t
BM SEC. (4-4) 85.86 tm SF(SEC. 4-4) 21.76 t
BM SEC. (5-5) 127.10 tm SF(SEC. 5-5) 21.76 t
Maximum Bending Moment due to Live load

BM SEC. (1-1) 34.55 tm SF(SEC. 1-1) 45.02 t

BM SEC. (2-2) 75.98 tm SF(SEC. 2-2) 29.91 t
BM SEC. (3-3) 114.90 tm SF(SEC. 3-3) 21.54 t
BM SEC. (4-4) 129.10 tm SF(SEC. 4-4) 13.89 t
BM SEC. (5-5) 134.20 tm SF(SEC. 5-5) 3.21 t
15
BM SEC. (1-1) 34.33 tm SF(SEC. 1-1) 45.05 t

BM SEC. (2-2) 55.19 tm SF(SEC. 2-2) 45.05 t
BM SEC. (3-3) 75.98 tm SF(SEC. 3-3) 29.50 t
BM SEC. (4-4) 85.87 tm SF(SEC. 4-4) 21.76 t
BM SEC. (5-5) 127.20 tm SF(SEC. 5-5) 21.76 t
16
OUTER GIRDER
SUMMARY FOR DEAD LOAD ,SIDL & LIVE LOAD BM
BM & SF DUE TO GIRDER LOAD ONLY
Section Mark ULS L.F SLS (t-m) ULS (t-m) Section Mark ULS L.F SLS (t) ULS (t)
BM SEC. (1-1) 1.35 -0.05 -0.07 SF(SEC. 1-1) 1.35 47.80 64.53
BM SEC. (2-2) 1.35 190.89 257.70 SF(SEC. 2-2) 1.35 29.58 39.93
BM SEC. (3-3) 1.35 281.09 379.47 SF(SEC. 3-3) 1.35 20.88 28.19
BM SEC. (4-4) 1.35 348.23 470.11 SF(SEC. 4-4) 1.35 10.44 14.10
BM SEC. (5-5) 1.35 370.62 500.34 SF(SEC. 5-5) 1.35 0.00 0.01
BM & SF DUE TO DECK LOAD ONLY
BM SEC. (1-1) 1.35 0.00 0.000 SF(SEC. 1-1) 1.35 28.01 37.82
BM SEC. (2-2) 1.35 120.56 162.75 SF(SEC. 2-2) 1.35 20.21 27.29
BM SEC. (3-3) 1.35 182.85 246.84 SF(SEC. 3-3) 1.35 14.63 19.76
BM SEC. (4-4) 1.35 231.25 312.19 SF(SEC. 4-4) 1.35 7.95 10.73
BM SEC. (5-5) 1.35 250.99 338.83 SF(SEC. 5-5) 1.35 1.26 1.70
BM & SF DUE TO SHUTTERING LOAD
BM SEC. (1-1) 1.0 0.00 0.00 SF(SEC. 1-1) 1.0 8.58 8.58
BM SEC. (2-2) 1.0 36.63 36.63 SF(SEC. 2-2) 1.0 6.08 6.08
BM SEC. (3-3) 1.0 55.15 55.15 SF(SEC. 3-3) 1.0 4.29 4.29
BM SEC. (4-4) 1.0 68.93 68.93 SF(SEC. 4-4) 1.0 2.14 2.14
BM SEC. (5-5) 1.0 73.53 73.53 SF(SEC. 5-5) 1.0 0.00 0.00
BM & SF DUE TO SIDL (WEARING COAT)
BM SEC. (1-1) 1.75 12.50 21.88 SF(SEC. 1-1) 1.75 8.20 14.35
BM SEC. (2-2) 1.75 32.00 56.00 SF(SEC. 2-2) 1.75 7.20 12.60
BM SEC. (3-3) 1.75 59.00 103.25 SF(SEC. 3-3) 1.75 4.70 8.23
BM SEC. (4-4) 1.75 74.00 129.50 SF(SEC. 4-4) 1.75 2.50 4.38
BM SEC. (5-5) 1.75 79.00 138.25 SF(SEC. 5-5) 1.75 1.00 1.75
BM & SF DUE TO SIDL (CRASH BARRIER)
BM SEC. (1-1) 1.35 21.50 29.03 SF(SEC. 1-1) 1.35 15.50 20.93
BM SEC. (2-2) 1.35 57.00 76.95 SF(SEC. 2-2) 1.35 13.30 17.96
BM SEC. (3-3) 1.35 105.80 142.83 SF(SEC. 3-3) 1.35 8.10 10.94
BM SEC. (4-4) 1.35 131.30 177.26 SF(SEC. 4-4) 1.35 4.00 5.40
BM SEC. (5-5) 1.35 140.00 189.00 SF(SEC. 5-5) 1.35 1.00 1.35
17
BM & SF DUE TO LIVE LOAD
Impact factor = 1.112

Maximum BM & Corresponding Shear force
Without Impact With Impact
BM SEC. (1-1) 1.50 34.55 51.83 BM SEC. (1-1) 1.50 38.41 57.61
BM SEC. (2-2) 1.50 75.98 113.97 BM SEC. (2-2) 1.50 84.46 126.70
BM SEC. (3-3) 1.50 114.90 172.35 BM SEC. (3-3) 1.50 127.73 191.60
BM SEC. (4-4) 1.50 129.10 193.65 BM SEC. (4-4) 1.50 143.52 215.27
BM SEC. (5-5) 1.50 134.20 201.30 BM SEC. (5-5) 1.50 149.19 223.78
SF(SEC. 1-1) 1.50 45.02 67.53 SF(SEC. 1-1) 1.50 50.05 75.07
SF(SEC. 2-2) 1.50 29.91 44.87 SF(SEC. 2-2) 1.50 33.25 49.87
SF(SEC. 3-3) 1.50 21.54 32.31 SF(SEC. 3-3) 1.50 23.95 35.92
SF(SEC. 4-4) 1.50 13.89 20.84 SF(SEC. 4-4) 1.50 15.44 23.16
SF(SEC. 5-5) 1.50 3.21 4.82 SF(SEC. 5-5) 1.50 3.57 5.35
Maximum Shear force & Corresponding BM
Without Impact With Impact
Section Mark ULS L.F SLS (t) ULS (t) Section Mark ULS L.F SLS (t) ULS (t)
SF(SEC. 1-1) 1.50 45.05 67.58 SF(SEC. 1-1) 1.50 50.08 75.12
SF(SEC. 2-2) 1.50 45.05 67.58 SF(SEC. 2-2) 1.50 50.08 75.12
SF(SEC. 3-3) 1.50 29.50 44.25 SF(SEC. 3-3) 1.50 32.79 49.19
SF(SEC. 4-4) 1.50 21.76 32.64 SF(SEC. 4-4) 1.50 24.19 36.28
SF(SEC. 5-5) 1.50 21.76 32.64 SF(SEC. 5-5) 1.50 24.19 36.28
BM SEC. (1-1) 1.50 34.33 51.50 BM SEC. (1-1) 1.50 38.16 57.25
BM SEC. (2-2) 1.50 55.19 82.79 BM SEC. (2-2) 1.50 61.35 92.03
BM SEC. (3-3) 1.50 75.98 113.97 BM SEC. (3-3) 1.50 84.46 126.70
BM SEC. (4-4) 1.50 85.87 128.81 BM SEC. (4-4) 1.50 95.46 143.19
BM SEC. (5-5) 1.50 127.20 190.80 BM SEC. (5-5) 1.50 141.40 212.11
Comparison Between Total BM & SF of Inner and Outer Girder
Outer Girder Outer Girder

BM SEC. (1-1) 1.50 50.86 131.25 BM SEC. (1-1) 1.50 212.75 212.70
BM SEC. (2-2) 1.50 427.91 717.12 BM SEC. (2-2) 1.50 172.90 147.65
BM SEC. (3-3) 1.50 650.66 1093.51 BM SEC. (3-3) 1.50 116.31 103.04
BM SEC. (4-4) 1.50 797.00 1320.73 BM SEC. (4-4) 1.50 70.89 57.77
BM SEC. (5-5) 1.50 849.80 1402.50 BM SEC. (5-5) 1.50 41.09 10.16
18
CABLE 1
Projected Length = 30700 mm
Cable Type = 17K 13
Type of Duct = HDPE
Coeff. of Friction, µ = 0.170
Wobble coeff. k = 0.0020 per m
Mod. of Elasticity, Es = 1.950E+07 t/m^2
Ratio of Jacking force to UTS =0.85*0.9/1.05 0.729
Slip at Live Anchorage ,s = 6 mm
Profile in Elevation Profile in Plan

a (mm) 1000 (dy/dx)L 0.131 p (mm) 1000 q(m) 6.50 apR1 0.000 p1(mm) 1000
b(mm) 13000 (d2y/dx2)L 0.010 q(mm) 6500 apL1 0.000 cp2 4.2E+07 q1(mm) 6500
d(mm) 13000 rL (m) 102.049 r (mm) 6500 cp1 42250000.0 t1(m) 6.500 r1(mm) 6500
c(mm) 2700 (dy/dx)R -0.131 s (mm) 2700 q1(m) 6.500 (dz/dx) R1 0.000 s1(mm) 2700
e(mm) 1000 (d y/dx2)R
2
-0.010 t (mm) 6500 (dz/dx) L1 0.000 (d2z/d2x) R1 2.850 t1(mm) 6500
Y1(mm) 1100 Rr (m) -102.049 u (mm) 6500 (d2z/d2x) L1 0.000 RpR1 (m) 3.5E-01 u1(mm) 6500
Y6(mm) 1100 θL( rad) 0.130 v (mm) 1000 RpL1 (m) 4.23E+07 u(m) 6.5E+00 v1(mm) 1000
Y3(mm) 120 θR( rad) -0.130 Z1 (mm) 0 r(m) 6.50 apR2 0.000 LP(mm) 30700
Y4(mm) 120 Length 30700 Z2 (mm) 0 apL2 0.000 cp2 4.2E+07
Y2(mm) 969 a1 (mm) 1009 Z3 (mm) 0 cp2 42250000.0 u1(m) 6.500
Y5(mm) 969 b1(mm) 13037 Z4 (mm) 0 r1(m) 6.500 (dz/dx) R2 0.000
o
θL( ) 7.444 c1(mm) 2700 Z5 (mm) 0 (dz/dx) L2 0.0000 (d2z/d2x) R2 0.000
o
θR( ) -7.444 d1(mm) 13037 Z6 (mm) 0 (d2z/d2x) L2 0.000 RpR2 (m) 4.2E+07
aL(per m) 5.0256E-03 e1(mm) 1009 Z7 (mm) 0 RpL2 (m) -4.2E+07
aR(per m) -5.0256E-03 Le(mm) 30791 Z8 (mm) 0 t(m) 6.5
Cable Profile Results in Elevation Cable Profile Results in Plan

From Live End From Live End
Xe1(m) 0.000 Y3(m) 0.120 Xp1(m) 0.000 zp1(m) 0.000 apL1 0.000
Xe2(m) 1.000 Y4(m) 0.120 Xp2(m) 1.000 zp2(m) 0.000 apL2 0.000
Xe3(m) 14.000 Y5(m) 0.969 Xp3(m) 7.500 zp3(m) 0.000 apR1 0.000
Xe4(m) 16.700 Y6(m) 1.100 Xp4(m) 14.000 zp4(m) 0.000 apR2 0.000
Xe5(m) 29.700 aL(per m) 0.005 Xp5(m) 16.700 zp5(m) 0.000 θp1 0.000
Xe6(m) 30.700 aR(per m) -0.005 Xp6(m) 23.200 zp6(m) 0.000 θp2 0.000
Y1(m) 1.100 θL( rad) 0.130 Xp7(m) 29.700 zp7(m) 0.000 θp3 0.000
Y2(m) 0.969 θR( rad) -0.130 Xp8(m) 30.700 zp8(m) 0.000 θp4 0.000
Length of Cable1 30791mm (between Anchorages)

LEGEND:
a (mm) St. length of cable at left end in elevation
b(mm) Length of curved profile in elevation
c(mm) St. length of cable at mid in elevation
d(mm) Length of curved prfile in elevation
e(mm) St. length of cable at left end in elevation
Y1(mm) Coordinate of cable at jacking end
Y6(mm) Coordinate of cable at jacking end
Y3(mm) Coordinate of cable at mid span
p (mm) St. length of cable at left end in plan
q(mm) Length of curved profile in plan
r (mm) Length of reverse curve in plan
s (mm) St. Length of cable at mid in plan
t (mm) Length of curved profile in plan
u (mm) Length of reverse curve in plan
v (mm) St. length of cable at left end in plan
Z1 (mm) Coordinate of cable at jacking end in plan
Z4 (mm) Coordinate of cable at mid span in plan
19
Estimation of Friction Losses in Cable1
Cable Type = 17K 13
Type of Duct = HDPE
Coeff. of Friction µ = 0.170
2
Mod. of Elasticity Es = 1.95E+07 t/m
Ratio of Jacking force to UTS = 0.729
Slip at Live Anchorage s = 6.000 mm
Area of one Strand = 98.7 mm^2
UTS of one Strand = 18.737 t
Area of Cable A = 1677.9 mm^2
UTS of Cable Pu = 319 t
Length of Cable L = 30.700m
Jacking force Po = 232 t
-(µθ
µθ+kx)
µθ
At any distance "x", from Live Anchorage, PRESTRESS Force after Friction loss = Px = P0e
Distance from
Stressing X (m) 0.000 5.000 8.575 12.863 17.150
Anchorage
Elevation Angle α (rad) 0.1299 0.0902 0.0545 0.0114 -0.0045
Cumulative
Change in Σ∆α (rad) 0.0000 0.0397 0.0755 0.1185 0.1345
Elevation Angle
Ordinate from Soffit Y (rad) 1100 527 268 126 121
Ordinate from C/L Z (rad) 0 0 0 0 0
Plan Angle φ (rad) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Cumulative
∆Σφ (rad) 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Change in Plan
TotalAngle
Change in
Angle θ= (rad) 0.000 0.040 0.075 0.119 0.134
Force after Friction Loss Px (t) 232.07 228.22 225.22 221.67 219.18
% Loss due to Friction 0.00 1.66 2.95 4.48 5.56
Area of Px diag (tm) 1150.718 810.512 958.118 944.951

Total Area of Px diag (tm) 3864.299
Average Cable Force after Friction Loss, P (t) 125.873
% Average Friction Loss 45.76%
Cable Extension (mm) 118
20
Estimation of Slip Losses in Cable1
Assuming slip travels up to 15.350 m from Anchorage
Force at Null point = 220.22 t (After Friction Loss by Linear Interpolation)
s.Es.A/2 = 98.2tm 8.444
Distance from
Stressing X (m) 0.000 5.000 8.575 12.863 17.150
Anchorage
Force at Null Point (t) 220.22 - - - 220.223045 -
Nodal Force above Null Point (t) 11.85 7.99 4.99 1.44 0.00
Area of Force Diag above Null Point (tm) 89.713tm 49.603 23.215 13.802 3.093
Force after Slip Loss ) P (t) 208 212 215 219 219
% Loss due to Slip 10.21 7.00 4.44 1.30 0.00
Horizontal Force after Slip Loss PH (t) 206.62 211.37 214.91 218.77 219.18
Vertical Force after Slip Loss PV (t) 27.00 19.12 11.72 2.50 -0.99
Cable1 Drawing Data

Type = 17K 13
Jacking Force = 232 t
Duct = HDPE
Coeff. of Friction, µ µ = 0.170
UTS of Cable = 319 t
2
Elongation = 118 mm
Exit Angle = 7.444 Degree
Length = 30791mm
Area of Cable = 1677.9 mm^2
UTS of One Strand = 18.737 t
Y1(mm) = 1100 p (mm) 1000 Z5 (mm) 0.001

Y2(mm) = 969 q(mm) 6500 Z6 (mm) 0.0005
Y3(mm) = 120 r (mm) 6500 Z7 (mm) 0
Y4(mm) = 120 s (mm) 2700 Z8 (mm) 0
Y5(mm) = 969 t (mm) 6500 rL(m) 102.049
Y6(mm) = 1100 u (mm) 6500
a (mm) = 1000 v (mm) 1000 Trans RL1 (m) 42250000.0
b(mm) = 13000 Z1 (mm) 0 Trans RL2 (m) -42250000.0
c(mm) = 2700 Z2 (mm) 0
d(mm) = 13000 Z3 (mm) 0.0005
e(mm) = 1000 Z4 (mm) 0.001
21
Ordinates for Cable1
Distance Distance Cable Ordinate
from from Y Z
from from
Stressing Mid Soffit C/L
of
Anchorage Span of girder Girder
x x Elevation Radius
(m) (m) (rad) (rad) (m)
0.000 15.350 1100 0 inclined straight
1.350 14.000 924 0 102.049
2.350 13.000 802 0 102.049
3.350 12.000 690 0 102.049
4.350 11.000 588 0 102.049
5.350 10.000 496 0 102.049
6.350 9.000 414 0 102.049
7.350 8.000 342 0 102.049
8.350 7.000 280 0 102.049
9.350 6.000 229 0 102.049
10.350 5.000 187 0 102.049
11.350 4.000 155 0 102.049
12.350 3.000 134 0 102.049
13.350 2.000 122 0 102.049
14.350 1.000 120 0 straight
15.350 0.000 120 0 straight
22
CABLE 2

Cable Type = 18K 13
Type of Duct = HDPE
2
-(µθ
µθ+kx)
µθ
Distance from
Stressing X (m) 0.000 5.000 8.575 12.863 17.150
Anchorage
Elevation Angle α (rad) 0.1389 0.0600 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Cumulative
Change in Σ∆α (rad) 0.0000 0.0789 0.1389 0.1389 0.1389
Elevation Angle
Plan Angle φ (rad) 0.000 0.044 0.000 0.000 0.000
Cumulative
∆Σφ (rad) 0.0000 -0.0585 -0.1025 -0.1025 -0.1025
Change in Plan
TotalAngle
Change in
Angle θ= (rad) 0.000 0.098 0.173 0.173 0.173
Area of Px diag (tm) 1212.433 846.935 1001.493 992.711


s.Es.A/2 = 103.9tm 17.150
Distance from
Stressing X (m) 0.000 5.000 8.575 12.863 17.150
Anchorage
% Loss due to Slip 11.65 6.56 2.69 0.99 0.00
Vertical Force after Slip Loss PV (t) 30.05 13.41 0.00 0.00 0.00
23
Cable2 Drawing Data
Type = 18K 13
Duct = HDPE
2
Elongation = 117 mm
Length = 30771mm
Y1(mm) = 750 p (mm) 1000 Z5 (mm) 180

Y2(mm) = 610 q(mm) 3507.5 Z6 (mm) 90
Y3(mm) = 120 r (mm) 3507.5 Z7 (mm) 0
Y4(mm) = 120 s (mm) 14670 Z8 (mm) 0
Y5(mm) = 610 t (mm) 3507.5 rL(m) 51.669
Y6(mm) = 750 u (mm) 3507.5
a (mm) = 1000 v (mm) 1000 Trans RL1 (m) 68.6
b(mm) = 7015 Z1 (mm) 0 Trans RL2 (m) -68.6
c(mm) = 14670 Z2 (mm) 0
d(mm) = 7015 Z3 (mm) 90
e(mm) = 1000 Z4 (mm) 180

from from Y Z
from from
of
Anchorage Span of girder Girder
x x Elevation Radius
(m) (m) (rad) (rad) (m)
1.350 14.000 563 1 51.669
2.350 13.000 440 13 51.669
3.350 12.000 337 40 51.669
4.350 11.000 254 82 51.669
5.350 10.000 191 128 51.669
6.350 9.000 148 160 51.669
7.350 8.000 124 177 51.6685128
8.350 7.000 120 180 straight
9.350 6.000 120 180 straight
10.350 5.000 120 180 straight
11.350 4.000 120 180 straight
12.350 3.000 120 180 straight
13.350 2.000 120 180 straight
14.350 1.000 120 180 straight
15.350 0.000 120 180 straight
24
CABLE 3
Cable Type = 18K 13
Type of Duct = HDPE
Coeff. of Friction,
µ = 0.170
Mod. of Elasticity Es = 1.950E+07 t/m^2
Slip at Live Anchorage s = 6 mm

b(mm) 2764 (d2y/dx2)L 0.043 q(mm) 1382 apL1 -0.047 cp2 10.6 q1(mm) 1386
e(mm) 1000 (d2y/dx2)R -0.043 t (mm) 1382 (dz/dx) L1 -0.130 (d2z/d2x) R1 2.850 t1(mm) 1386
Y1(mm) 400 Rr (m) -24.003 u (mm) 1382 (d2z/d2x) L1 -0.094 RpR1 (m) 3.6E-01 u1(mm) 1386
Y6(mm) 400 θL( rad) 0.117 v (mm) 1000 RpL1 (m) -1.09E+01 u(m) 1.4E+00 v1(mm) 1000
Y3(mm) 120 θR( rad) -0.117 Z1 (mm) 0 r(m) 1.38 apR2 -0.047 LP(mm) 30716
Y4(mm) 120 Length 30700 Z2 (mm) 0 apL2 0.047 cp2 10.6
Y2(mm) 282 a1 (mm) 1007 Z3 (mm) -90 cp2 10.6 u1(m) 1.386
Y5(mm) 282 b1(mm) 2770 Z4 (mm) -180 r1(m) 1.386 (dz/dx) R2 -0.130
o
θL ( ) 6.704 c1(mm) 23172 Z5 (mm) -180 (dz/dx) L2 0.1302 (d2z/d2x) R2 -0.094
θR( o) -6.704 d1(mm) 2770 Z6 (mm) -90 (d2z/d2x) L2 0.094 RpR2 (m) -1.1E+01
aL(per m) 2.1264E-02 e1(mm) 1007 Z7 (mm) 0 RpL2 (m) 1.1E+01

Xe1(m) 0.000 Y3(m) 0.120 Xp1(m) 0.000 zp1(m) 0.000 apL1 -0.047
Xe2(m) 1.000 Y4(m) 0.120 Xp2(m) 1.000 zp2(m) 0.000 apL2 0.047
Xe3(m) 3.764 Y5(m) 0.282 Xp3(m) 2.382 zp3(m) -0.090 apR1 0.047
Xe4(m) 26.936 Y6(m) 0.400 Xp4(m) 3.764 zp4(m) -0.180 apR2 -0.047
Xe5(m) 29.700 aL(per m) 0.021 Xp5(m) 26.936 zp5(m) -0.180 θp1 0.130
Xe6(m) 30.700 aR(per m) -0.021 Xp6(m) 28.318 zp6(m) -0.090 θp2 0.130
25
Cable Type = 18K 13
Type of Duct = HDPE
2
-(µθ
µθ+kx)
µθ
Distance from
Stressing X (m) 0.000 5.000 8.575 12.863 17.150
Anchorage
Elevation Angle α (rad) 0.1170 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Cumulative
Change in Σ∆α (rad) 0.0000 0.1170 0.1170 0.1170 0.1170
Elevation Angle
Ordinate from C/L Z (rad) 0 -180 -180 -180 -180
Plan Angle φ (rad) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Cumulative
Change in Plan ∆Σφ (rad) 0.0000 0.2590 0.2590 0.2590 0.2590
Angle
Total Change in
Angle θ= (rad) 0.000 0.284 0.284 0.284 0.284
Area of Px diag (tm) 1193.810 825.739 982.670 974.053
Total Area of Px diag (tm)
3976.272
26
s.Es.A/2 = 103.9tm 19.894
Distance from
Stressing X (m) 0.000 5.000 8.575 12.863 17.150
Anchorage
% Loss due to Slip 15.19 4.10 2.69 0.99 0.00
Vertical Force after Slip Loss PV (t) 24.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Cable3 Drawing Data

Type = 18K 13
Duct = HDPE
2
Elongation = 115 mm
Length = 30742mm
Y1(mm) = 400 p (mm) 1000 Z5 (mm) -180
Y2(mm) = 282 q(mm) 1382 Z6 (mm) -90
Y3(mm) = 120 r (mm) 1382 Z7 (mm) 0
Y4(mm) = 120 s (mm) 23172 Z8 (mm) 0
Y5(mm) = 282 t (mm) 1382 rL(m) 24.003
Y6(mm) = 400 u (mm) 1382
Trans RL1
1000
a (mm) = 1000 v (mm) (m) -10.8818
Trans RL2
0
b(mm) = 2764 Z1 (mm) (m) 10.9
c(mm) = 23172 Z2 (mm) 0
d(mm) = 2764 Z3 (mm) -90
e(mm) = 1000 Z4 (mm) -180
27
from from Y Z
from
Stressing Mid from Soffit C/L
of
Anchorage Span of girder Girder Elevation
x x Radius
(m) (m) (rad) (rad) (m)
inc.
0.000 15.350 400 -180 straight
inc.
0.500 14.850 341 0 straight
inc.
1.000 14.350 282 0 straight
1.350 14.000 244 -6 24.003
2.350 13.000 163 -86 24.003
3.350 12.000 124 -172 24.003
4.350 11.000 120 -180 straight
5.350 10.000 120 -180 straight
6.350 9.000 120 -180 straight
7.350 8.000 120 -180 straight
8.350 7.000 120 -180 straight
9.350 6.000 120 -180 straight
10.350 5.000 120 -180 straight
11.350 4.000 120 -180 straight
12.350 3.000 120 -180 straight
13.350 2.000 120 -180 straight
14.350 1.000 120 -180 straight
15.350 0.000 120 -180 straight
28
CABLE 4
Cable Type = 17K 13
Type of Duct = HDPE
Mod. of Elasticity Es = 1.950E+07 t/m^2
Slip at Live Anchorage s = 6 mm

b(mm) 13000 (d2y/dx2)L 0.010 q(mm) 1382 apL1 0.000 cp2 1909924.0 q1(mm) 1382
e(mm) 1000 (d2y/dx2)R -0.010 t (mm) 1382 (dz/dx) L1 0.000 (d2z/d2x) R1 0.000 t1(mm) 1382
Y1(mm) 1450 Rr (m) -105.111 u (mm) 1382 (d2z/d2x) L1 0.000 RpR1 (m) -1.9E+06 u1(mm) 1382
Y6(mm) 1450 θL( rad) 0.126 v (mm) 1000 RpL1 (m) 1.91E+06 u(m) 1.4E+00 v1(mm) 1000
Y3(mm) 500 θR( rad) -0.126 Z1 (mm) 0 r(m) 1.38 apR2 0.000 LP(mm) 30700
Y4(mm) 500 Length 30700 Z2 (mm) 0 apL2 0.000 cp2 1909924.0
Y2(mm) 1323 a1 (mm) 1008 Z3 (mm) 0 cp2 1909924.0 u1(m) 1.382
Y5(mm) 1323 b1(mm) 13035 Z4 (mm) 0 r1(m) 1.382 (dz/dx) R2 0.000
o
θL( ) 7.219 c1(mm) 2700 Z5 (mm) 0.001 (dz/dx) L2 0.0000 (d2z/d2x) R2 0.000
o
θR( ) -7.219 d1(mm) 13035 Z6 (mm) 0 (d2z/d2x) L2 0.000 RpR2 (m) 1.9E+06
aL(per m) 4.8718E-03 e1(mm) 1008 Z7 (mm) 0 RpL2 (m) -1.9E+06

Xe1(m) 0.000 Y3(m) 0.500 Xp1(m) 0.000 zp1(m) 0.000 apL1 0.000
Xe2(m) 1.000 Y4(m) 0.500 Xp2(m) 1.000 zp2(m) 0.000 apL2 0.000
Xe3(m) 14.000 Y5(m) 1.323 Xp3(m) 2.382 zp3(m) 0.000 apR1 0.000
Xe4(m) 16.700 Y6(m) 1.450 Xp4(m) 3.764 zp4(m) 0.000 apR2 0.000
Xe5(m) 29.700 aL(per m) 0.005 Xp5(m) 26.936 zp5(m) 0.000 θp1 0.0000
Xe6(m) 30.700 aR(per m) -0.005 Xp6(m) 28.318 zp6(m) 0.000 θp2 0.0000
29
Cable Type = 17K 13
Type of Duct = HDPE
2
Area of Cable A= = 1677.9 mm^2
Length of Cable L= = 30.700m
Jacking force Po = = 232 t
-(µθ
µθ+kx)
µθ
At any distance "x", from Live Anchorage, PRESTRESS Force after Friction loss= Px = P0e
X (m) 0.000 5.000 8.575 12.863 17.150

Distance from Stressing Anchorage
Elevation Angle α (rad) 0.1260 0.0875 0.0528 0.0111 -0.0044
Cumulative Change in Elevation Angle Σ∆α (rad) 0.0000 0.0385 0.0732 0.1149 0.1304

Plan Angle φ (rad) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Cumulative Change in Plan Angle ∆Σφ (rad) 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Total Change in Angle

θ= (rad) 0.000 0.039 0.073 0.115 0.130
Area of Px diag (tm) 1150.833 810.750 958.595 945.566

30
s.Es.A/2 = 98.2tm 0.002
Distance from Stressing X (m) 0.000 5.000 8.575 12.863 17.150

Anchorage
% Loss due to Slip 10.63 7.47 4.94 1.86 0.00
Vertical Force after Slip Loss PV (t) 26.06 18.45 11.30 2.41 -0.96
Cable4 Drawing Data

Type = 17K 13
Duct = HDPE
2
Elongation = 118 mm
Length = 30785mm
Y1(mm) = 1450 p (mm) 1000 Z5 (mm) 0.001

Y2(mm) = 1323 q(mm) 1382 Z6 (mm) 0.0005
Y3(mm) = 500 r (mm) 1382 Z7 (mm) 0
Y4(mm) = 500 s (mm) 23172 Z8 (mm) 0
Y5(mm) = 1323 t (mm) 1382 rL(m) 105.111
Y6(mm) = 1450 u (mm) 1382
a (mm) = 1000 v (mm) 1000 Trans RL1 (m) 1909924.0
b(mm) = 13000 Z1 (mm) 0 Trans RL2 (m) -1909924.0
c(mm) = 2700 Z2 (mm) 0
d(mm) = 13000 Z3 (mm) 0.0005
e(mm) = 1000 Z4 (mm) 0.001
31
from from Y Z
from from
of
Anchorage Span of girder Girder Elevation
x x Radius Transverse Radius
(m) (m) (rad) (rad) (m) (m)
inclined
0.000 15.350 1450 0 straight
inclined
0.500 14.850 1387 0 straight
inclined
1.000 14.350 1323 0 straight
1.350 14.000 1280 0 105.111
2.350 13.000 1161 0 105.111
3.350 12.000 1053 0 105.111
4.350 11.000 954 0 105.111
5.350 10.000 865 0 105.111
6.350 9.000 785 0 105.111
7.350 8.000 715 0 105.111
8.350 7.000 656 0 105.111
9.350 6.000 605 0 105.111
10.350 5.000 565 0 105.111
11.350 4.000 534 0 105.111
12.350 3.000 513 0 105.111
13.350 2.000 502 0 105.111
14.350 1.000 500 0 straight
15.350 0.000 500 0 straight
32
SUMMARY OF TOTAL PRESTRESS FORCE AT VARIOUS SECTIONS
Distance from Stressing Anchorage X (m) 0.000 5.000 8.575 12.863 17.150
Horizontal Forces after Slip Loss PH (t)
Cable No 1 1Nos 206.62 211.37 214.91 218.77 219.18
Cable No 2 1Nos 215.00 222.94 228.25 230.25 230.57
Cable No 3 1Nos 206.96 222.31 223.96 225.92 226.24
Cable No 4 1Nos 205.75 210.40 213.87 217.66 219.33
Sum PH 834.33 867.01 880.98 892.60 895.31
Vertical Ordinates Y (m)
Cable No 1 1.100 0.527 0.268 0.126 0.121
Cable No 2 0.750 0.211 0.120 0.120 0.120
Cable No 3 0.400 0.120 0.120 0.120 0.120
Cable No 4 1.450 0.895 0.643 0.506 0.501
Ph.Y (tm)
Cable No 1 227 111 58 28 27
Cable No 2 161 47 27 28 28
Cable No 3 83 27 27 27 27
Cable No 4 298 188 138 110 110
Sum PH.Y 770 373 249 193 191
Y of CG of Cables (m) 0.922 0.431 0.283 0.216 0.214
Vertical Component of Prestress PV (t)

Cable No 1 1Nos 27.00 19.12 11.72 2.50 -0.99
Cable No 2 1Nos 30.05 13.41 0.00 0.00 0.00
Cable No 3 1Nos 24.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Cable No 4 1Nos 26.06 18.45 11.30 2.41 -0.96
Sum PV 107.44 50.98 23.02 4.91 -1.95
Prestress Force P (t)
Cable No 1 1Nos 208 212 215 219 219
Cable No 2 1Nos 217 224 228 230 231
Cable No 3 1Nos 208 222 224 226 226
Cable No 4 1Nos 207 211 214 218 219
Sum P 841.25 869 882 893 895
2
Area of Cables As (mm )
Cable No 1 1Nos 1678 1678 1678 1678 1678
Cable No 2 1Nos 1777 1777 1777 1777 1777
Cable No 3 1Nos 1777 1777 1777 1777 1777
Cable No 4 1Nos 1678 1678 1678 1678 1678
Sum As 6909 6909 6909 6909 6909
Ultimate Force Pu (t)
Cable No 1 1Nos 318.529 318.529 318.529 318.529 318.529
Cable No 2 1Nos 337.266 337.266 337.266 337.266 337.266
Cable No 3 1Nos 337.266 337.266 337.266 337.266 337.266
Cable No 4 1Nos 318.529 318.529 318.529 318.529 318.529
Sum 4 1312 1312 1312 1312 1312
Total P (t) 841.25 869.30 881.60 892.63 895.32

Total PH (t) 834.33 867.01 880.98 892.60 895.31
Total PV (t) 107.44 50.98 23.02 4.91 -1.95
Pu (t) 1311.59 1311.59 1311.59 1311.59 1311.59
Ordinate of CG of Cables Y (m) 0.922 0.431 0.283 0.216 0.214
P/Pu 0.64 0.66 0.67 0.68 0.68
33
PRESTRESS SUMMARY
STAGE - 1
X F CGfrom bot. Fh Fv
SECTION
(m) (t) (m) (t) (t)
Support 1.050 841.2 0.922 834.3 -107.4
5.00 L 5.000 869.3 0.431 867.0 -51.0
8.58 L 9.625 881.6 0.283 881.0 -23.0
12.86 L 13.913 892.6 0.216 892.6 -4.9
17.150 L 18.200 895.3 0.214 895.3 -2.0
34
STRESS CHECK WITH 20% LOSS
Item Unit 1 2 3 4 5
Support End Varying L/4 3L/8 L/2
Chainage of Section from left support m 1.050 5.000 8.575 13.913 18.200
Section Property (Beam Only)

2
Area of beam m 1.619 0.974 0.974 0.974 0.974
Depth of beam m 2.400 2.400 2.400 2.400 2.400
CG from bottom m 1.241 1.221 1.221 1.221 1.221
4
Inertia of beam m 0.820 0.635 0.635 0.635 0.635
3
Zt m 0.707 0.538 0.538 0.538 0.538
4
Zb m 0.661 0.520 0.520 0.520 0.520
Section Property (Composite)

2
Area of Composite section m 2.201 1.556 1.556 1.556 1.556
Depth of Composite section m 2.600 2.600 2.600 2.600 2.600
CG from bottom m 1.574 1.699 1.699 1.699 1.699
4
Inertia of Composite section m 1.501 1.233 1.233 1.233 1.233
3
Zt m 1.462 1.369 1.369 1.369 1.369
4
Zb m 0.954 0.726 0.726 0.726 0.726
Dead Load Moments 1st Stage t-m -0.05 190.89 281.09 348.23 370.62
Stress due to Dead Load

2
Top t/m -0.1 354.6 522.2 646.9 688.5
2
Bottom t/m 0.1 -367.0 -540.4 -669.5 -712.6
Stress after Eloss
2
Top t/m -0.1 354.6 522.2 646.9 688.5
2
Bottom t/m 0.1 -367.0 -540.4 -669.5 -712.5
2
Stress at CG of Cable GR1 t/m 0.1 -367.0 -540.4 -669.5 -712.5
Segment Length m 3.950 3.575 5.338 4.288 0.000

2
Average Stress for Each Segment t/m -183.4 -453.7 -604.9 -691.0 0.0
2
Average Stress at CG of Cables t/m -497.8
Stress at 21 st day before 1st stage of stressing

2
Top t/m -0.1 354.6 522.2 646.9 688.5
2
Bottom t/m 0.1 -367.0 -540.4 -669.5 -712.5
2
Stress at CG of Cable t/m 0.0 -237.5 -415.0 -551.1 -587.8
Segment Length m 3.950 3.575 5.338 4.288 0.000

2
Average Stress for Each Segment t/m -118.8 -326.3 -483.1 -569.5 0.0
2
Average Stress at CG of Cables t/m -388.1
35
Detail of 1st StagePrestressing after 21 days
No. of Cables of 19 T 13 3.74 3.74 3.74 3.74 3.74

Prestressing Force (P2) t 834.3 867.0 881.0 892.6 895.3
CG of Cables from Bottom m 0.922 0.431 0.283 0.216 0.214
Eccentricity of Cables m 0.318 0.790 0.937 1.005 1.007
Prestressing Factor (Top) 0.168 -0.441 -0.715 -0.840 -0.844
Prestressing Factor (Bottom) 1.099 2.546 2.829 2.959 2.963
Elastic Shortening Loss (ELOSS)
Eloss of GR2 Cables t 23.2 23.2 23.2 23.2 23.2

P2-Eloss t 811.1 843.8 857.7 869.4 872.1
Stress due to P2-Eloss(2)
2
Top t/m 135.9 -371.9 -612.9 -730.0 -735.8
2
Bottom t/m 891.6 2148.2 2426.8 2572.2 2584.0
Stress after Stressing Cables
2
Top t/m 135.8 -17.3 -90.7 -83.1 -47.3
2
Bottom t/m 891.7 1781.2 1886.4 1902.8 1871.4
2
Stress at CG of Cable t/m 601.2 1458.6 1653.2 1724.2 1700.7
Segment Length m 3.950 3.575 5.338 4.288 0.000

2
Average Stress for Each Segment t/m 1029.9 1555.9 1688.7 1712.4 0.0
2
Increase in Avg. Stress at CG of Cable t/m 1515.2
Check for Eloss for cable t 23.4 0.5*$C$144*(ecable/econc21)*(nocable2-1)/2*acable*ifeloss
Shuttering Load Moments t-m 0.00 36.63 55.15 68.93 73.53
Stress due to Shuttering (for deck slab casting)
2
Top t/m 0.0 68.0 102.4 128.1 136.6
2
Bottom t/m 0.0 -70.4 -106.0 -132.5 -141.4
Losses From 21st day to 28th day
Creep loss of Cable t 11.0 11.0 11.0 11.0 11.0

Shrinkage loss of Cable t 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
=(shr21-shr28)*nocable2*acable*ecable*ifshr
Relaxation loss of Cable t 11.2 13.5 14.5 15.3 15.5
Relaxation Factor 0.618
Total Loss (C+S+R) t 22.7 25.0 26.0 26.9 27.1
36
Stress due to (C+S+R)
2
Top t/m -3.8 11.0 18.6 22.6 22.8
2
Bottom t/m -25.0 -63.8 -73.7 -79.5 -80.2
Stress at 28 th day before casting of deck slab
2
Top t/m 132.0 61.7 30.3 67.5 112.1
2
Bottom t/m 866.7 1647.1 1706.7 1690.7 1649.9
2
Segment Length m 3.950 3.575 5.338 4.288 0.000

2
2
Average Stress at CG of Cable t/m 1381.0
Check for Creep loss of Cable t 11.1 (creep21-creep28)*ifcreep*nocable2*acable*C190*ecable/1000
Dead Load Moments due to Deck Slab t-m 0.00 120.56 182.85 231.25 250.99
Stress due to Deck load moments
2
Top t/m 0.0 224.0 339.7 429.6 466.3
2
Bottom t/m 0.0 -231.8 -351.5 -444.6 -482.5
Stress after casting of deck slab
2
Top t/m 132.0 285.7 370.0 497.1 578.4
2
Bottom t/m 866.7 1415.3 1355.2 1246.1 1167.4
Stress due to release of Shuttering Load
2
Top of Deck t/m 0.0 -26.8 -40.3 -50.4 -53.7
2
Top of Girder t/m 0.0 -20.8 -31.3 -39.2 -41.8
2
Bottom of Girder t/m 0.0 50.5 76.0 95.0 101.3
3
Stress release due to hardening of solid slab i.e density reduces from 2.6 to 2.5 t/m
2
Top of Deck t/m 0.0 -3.4 -5.1 -6.5 -7.1
2
Top of Girder t/m 0.0 -2.6 -4.0 -5.1 -5.5
2
37
Stress after release of Shuttering Load & hardening of deck slab
2
Top of Deck t/m 0.0 -30.1 -45.4 -56.8 -60.8
2
Top of Girder t/m 132.0 262.3 334.7 452.9 531.1
2
Losses from 28 to 56 day


Relaxation Factor 0.33
Total Loss (C+S+R) t 17.2 18.5 19.0 19.5 19.6
Prestressing Factor (after Composite action)
Cable
Top 0.009 -0.284 -0.392 -0.441 -0.442
Bottom 1.137 2.391 2.594 2.687 2.690

2
Top of Deck t/m -0.2 5.3 7.5 8.6 8.7
2
Top of Girder t/m -1.6 1.4 3.1 3.9 3.9
2
Bottom of Girder t/m -19.6 -44.2 -49.4 -52.3 -52.7
Stress at 56th day before laying SIDL

2
Top of Deck t/m -0.2 -24.9 -38.0 -48.3 -52.1
2
Top of Girder t/m 130.4 263.7 337.7 456.8 535.0
2
2
Segment Length m 3.950 3.575 5.338 4.288 0.000

2
2
Check for Creep loss of Cable t 8.1
Stress after Shift of bearings

2
Top of Deck t/m -0.2 -24.9 -38.0 -48.3 -52.1
2
Top of Girder t/m 130.4 263.7 337.7 456.8 535.0
2
SIDL applied at 56th day
Moments due to SIDL t-m 34.00 89.00 164.80 205.30 219.00
38
Stress due to SIDL
2
Top of Deck t/m 23.3 65.0 120.4 150.0 160.0
2
Top of Girder t/m 18.7 50.6 93.6 116.7 124.4
2
2
Stress at CG of Cable t/m -13.01 -88.98 -186.10 -243.98 -260.69
Losses from 56th day to Infinity

=(shr56-shr_infinity)*nocable2*acable*ecable*ifshr
Relaxation Factor 2.048 =2+1-0.334-0.62
Total Loss (C+S+R) t 84.2 91.9 95.2 97.9 98.6
2
Top of Deck t/m -0.8 26.1 37.3 43.2 43.6
2
Top of Girder t/m -8.1 7.2 15.4 19.6 19.9
2
Stress during Service at Infinity
2
Top of Deck t/m 22.3 66.2 119.7 144.9 151.5
2
Top of Girder t/m 141.0 321.5 446.8 593.1 679.3
2
2
Segment Length m 3.950 3.575 5.338 4.288 0.000

2
2
Check for Creep loss of Cable t 19.8
Moment due to Live Load t-m 19.5 19.5 8.0 7.1 7.2
Stress Due to Live Load

2
Top of Deck t/m 13.3 14.2 5.8 5.2 5.3
2
Top of Girder t/m 10.7 11.1 4.5 4.0 4.1
2
Stress at Service with Live Load

2
Top of Deck t/m 35.7 80.5 125.5 150.1 156.8
2
Top of Girder t/m 151.8 332.6 451.3 597.1 683.4
2
39
Stress due to Differential Shrinkage & Creep
Force t 83.95 83.95 83.95 83.95 83.95

Eccentricity m 0.93 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80
2
Top of Deck Slab t/m -52.91 -41.16 -41.16 -41.16 -41.16
2
Top of Girder t/m 80.95 92.16 92.16 92.16 92.16
2
Bottom t/m -43.41 -38.67 -38.67 -38.67 -38.67
Stress after Differential Shrinkage & Creep (at service condition with Live Load)
2
Top of Deck t/m -17.2 39.3 84.4 108.9 115.6
2
Top of Girder t/m 232.7 424.7 543.5 689.3 775.6
2
SUMMARY OF SHORT-TERM LOSSES
1st Stage Prestressing
Loss due to Friction & Slip t 157.9 129.8 117.5 106.5 103.8
Loss due to Elastic shortening t 23.2 23.2 23.2 23.2 23.2
% Loss due to Friction & Slip 15.8 13.0 11.8 10.7 10.4
Total Loss t 181.1 153.1 140.8 129.7 127.0
SUMMARY OF LONG-TERM LOSSES
1st Stage Prestressing
Loss due to Creep t 38.1 38.1 38.1 38.1 38.1

Loss due to Shrinkage t 31.7 31.7 31.7 31.7 31.7
Loss due to Relaxation of Steel t 54.4 65.7 70.5 74.5 75.4
Total Loss (C+S+R) t 124.2 135.5 140.3 144.3 145.2
% Loss in terms of applied Force 14.8 15.6 15.9 16.2 16.2
(After Friction & Slip)
Total (C+S+R) t 124.2 135.5 140.3 144.3 145.2
% Loss in terms of applied Force 14.8 15.6 15.9 16.2 16.2

(After Friction & Slip)
SUMMARY OF LONG-TERM+SHORT TERM LOSSES
Total Loss in 1st Stage t 305.3 288.5 281.0 274.0 272.2

% Loss in terms of Jacking Force 30.6 28.9 28.1 27.4 27.2
Total Loss t 305.3 288.5 281.0 274.0 272.2

% Loss in terms of Jacking Force 30.6 28.9 28.1 27.4 27.2
40
STRESS SUMMARY
Item Unit 1 2 3 4 5 Permissible

Support End Varying L/4 3L/8 L/2 stress
2
Section m 1.050 5.000 9.625 13.913 18.200 t/m
Stress at 21 st day before 1nd stage of stressing
2
Top t/m -0.1 354.6 522.2 646.9 688.5 > -229.4 OK
2
Bottom t/m 0.1 -367.0 -540.4 -669.5 -712.5 < 2293.6 OK
Stress after Stressing GR1 Cables
2
Top t/m 135.8 -17.3 -90.7 -83.1 -47.3 > -229.4 OK
2
Bottom t/m 891.7 1781.2 1886.4 1902.8 1871.4 < 2293.6 OK
Stress at 28 th day before casting of deck slab
2
Top t/m 132.0 61.7 30.3 67.5 112.1 > -229.4 OK
2
Bottom t/m 866.7 1647.1 1706.7 1690.7 1649.9 < 2293.6 OK
Stress after casting of deck slab
2
Top t/m 132.0 285.7 370.0 497.1 578.4 > -229.4 OK
2
Bottom t/m 866.7 1415.3 1355.2 1246.1 1167.4 < 2293.6 OK
Stress at 56th day before laying SIDL
2
Top of Deck t/m -0.2 -24.9 -38.0 -48.3 -52.1 > -305.4 OK
2
Top of Girder t/m 130.4 263.7 337.7 456.8 535.0 > -229.4 OK
2
Bottom of Girder t/m 847.1 1427.9 1391.5 1301.1 1229.3 < 2293.6 OK
Stress during Service at Infinity
2
Top of Deck t/m 22.3 66.2 119.7 144.9 151.5 > -305.4 OK
2
Top of Girder t/m 141.0 321.5 446.8 593.1 679.3 > 0 OK
2
Stress at Service with Live Load
2
Top of Deck t/m 35.7 80.5 125.5 150.1 156.8 > -305.4 OK
2
2
Stress after Differential Shrinkage & Creep (at service condition with Live Load)
2
Top of Deck t/m -17.2 39.3 84.4 108.9 115.6 > -305.4 OK
2
2
41
SHRINKAGE STRAIN
Shrinkage Model (Microstrain) (Refer Section 3.1.4 BS Eurocode2)
Total shrinkage strain εcs = εcd + εca

εcd = Drying Shrinkage Strain
εca = Autogenious Shrinkage strain
Basic Drying Shrinkage Strain (Refer Annex B2 BS Eurocode2)
fcmo = is the mean compressive strength (Mpa) 55

fcm = 12.5 Mpa
αds1 = is the co-efficient which depends on the type of cement
= 4 for Normal cement
αds2 = is the co-efficient which depends on the type of cement
= 0.12 for Normal cement
RH = is the ambient relative humidity (Percent) 17

RH0 = 100 percent 100
= 0.88627 = 1.55*(1-17/100)^3
42
Residual Shrinkage Strain ( upto 7 days) 0.000206 0.000203 0.000203 0.000203 0.000203
Differential Shrinkage Strain ( upto 7 days) 0.000030 0.000033 0.000033 0.000033 0.000033
Differential Shrinkage Strain ( upto Infinity days) 0.000236 0.000238 0.000238 0.000238 0.000238
Concrete cross sectional area Ac 2.20 1.56 1.56 1.56 1.56

Perimeter of that part of the cross-section which is exposed
10.98 11.55 11.55 11.55 11.55
to drying u
Notional size (mm) of the cros-section h 0 = 2A c /u 400.9 269.5 269.5 269.5 269.5
from Section 3.1.4, Table 3.3, BS Eurocode2 kh 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70
Age of concrete in days at the time considered t 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
At 7 days
End of curing in days (t s ) 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0

Co-efficient for drying shrinkage strain β ds (t,ts) = (t-
3 0.021 0.038 0.038 0.038 0.038
t s ) / [(t-t s )+0.04*sqrt(h 0 )]
Drying Shrinkage strain ε cd = β ds (t,ts) .Kh. ε cd 3.734E-06 6.66E-06 6.66E-06 6.66E-06 6.66E-06
Co-efficient for autogenous shrinkage strain β as(t,ts)
0.41089 0.41089 0.41089 0.41089 0.41089
=1-exp[-0.2*sqrt(t)]
Autogenous shrinkage strain ε ca 0.000065 0.000065 0.000065 0.000065 0.000065
Autogenous shrinkage strain ε ca = β as(t,ts) + ε ca 0.000027 0.000027 0.000027 0.000027 0.000027
Total shrinkage strain ε cd = ε ca+ ε cd 0.000030 0.000033 0.000033 0.000033 0.000033
43
10.98 11.55 11.55 11.55 11.55
to drying u
At 14 days

3 0.021 0.038 0.038 0.038 0.038
t s ) / [(t-t s )+0.04*sqrt(h 0 )]
0.52684 0.52684 0.52684 0.52684 0.52684

10.98 11.55 11.55 11.55 11.55
to drying u
At 21 days

3
0.021 0.038 0.038 0.038 0.038
t s ) / [(t-t s )+0.04*sqrt(h 0 )]
0.60009 0.60009 0.60009 0.60009 0.60009

10.98 11.55 11.55 11.55 11.55
to drying u
At 28 days

3 0.021 0.038 0.038 0.038 0.038
t s ) / [(t-t s )+0.04*sqrt(h 0 )]
0.65295 0.65295 0.65295 0.65295 0.65295
44
10.98 11.55 11.55 11.55 11.55
to drying u
At 42days

3
0.042 0.073 0.073 0.073 0.073
t s ) / [(t-t s )+0.04*sqrt(h 0 )]
0.72642 0.72642 0.72642 0.72642 0.72642

10.98 11.55 11.55 11.55 11.55
to drying u
At 56 days

3
0.042 0.073 0.073 0.073 0.073
t s ) / [(t-t s )+0.04*sqrt(h 0 )]
0.77612 0.77612 0.77612 0.77612 0.77612

10.98 11.55 11.55 11.55 11.55
to drying u
At Infinity

3
0.978 0.988 0.988 0.988 0.988
t s ) / [(t-t s )+0.04*sqrt(h 0 )]
Drying Shrinkage strain ε cd = β ds (t,ts) .Kh. ε cd 0.0001711 0.000173 0.000173 0.000173 0.000173
1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000
45
CREEP STRAIN
Creep strain of concrete = φ x σc/Ec
where φ = creep coefficient (Section 3.1.4, BS Eurocode2)
σc = constant Compressive stress applied to the concrete at time t
Ec = Modulus of Elasticity of concrete
Compressive stress at CG of the tendons at transfer stage=(1396.5+15.31)/2/100 = 6.981 N/mm2

Compressive stress at CG of the tendons after application of
SIDL=(1167.8+6.981)/2/100 = 5.796 N/mm2
Comp stress at CG of the tendons after application of LL (losses upto
infinity) =(754.9+5.874)/2/100 = 3.715 N/mm2
Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete = 34000 N/mm2
Calculation of Creep Coefficient
The development of creep with time may be taken as

φ (t,to) = β (t,to) x φ (inf,to)
where
β (t,to) = ((t - to)/(β H+(t-to)))^0.3
t is the age of the concrete in days at the time considered
to is the age of the concrete in days at time of loading = 21 days
(t - to) is the actual duration of loading in days
is a coefficient depending on the relative humidity ( RH in percent) and the notional
βH member size (ho in mm).
βH = 1.5 x (1+(1.2 x RH/RHo)^18) x ho+250 <= 1500 for fcm <=45
βH = 1.5 x (1+(1.2 x RH/RHo)^18) x ho+250 α<= 1500α for fcm >=45
fcm = 55
α = SQRT(45/fcm) = 0.904534
Grade of concrete = M45
βH = 824.1969
φ (inf,to) = 1.500
β (t,to) = for 21 days = 0.0000
28 days = 0.2386
56 days = 0.3589
90 days = 0.3796
φ (t,to) = 28 days = 0.3579
56 days = 0.5384
90 days = 0.5695
Creep Strain at 21 = 0.000000
Creep Strain at infinity = 0.000164
46
CHECK FOR ULTIMATE MOMENT
b εcu3 ηfcd
εcsu1
x λx Fc
d2
As2 d1
As1 εs2 Fs2
εs1 Fs1
Section Schematic Strain Stress
Stress-Strain Relationship of concrete at ULS: Considering Rectangular stress block
εc3 0.0018 0.0018 Compression strain at peak stress for rectangular Stress distribution
εcu3 0.0035 0.0035 Ultimate compression strsin for rectangular stress distribution
η 1.00 1.00 Co-efficient to convert to rectangular stress block
λ 0.80 0.80 Co-efficient to convert to rectangular stress block
0.67 0.67 Co-efficient to convert the strength in the test to strength in structural member
αc
1.00 1.00 Co-efficient to convert to rectangular stress block
20.1 20.1 N/mm2 Co-efficient to convert to rectangular stress block

fcd
25.125 25.125 N/mm2 Co-efficient to convert to rectangular stress block
47
Section under considaration Sec 1-1 Sec 2-2 Sec 3 - 3 Sec 4 - 4 Sec 5 - 5
Ultimate Design Flexural Moment MEd
1. Ultimate Applied Moment, Mu (KNm) 1313 7171 10935 13207 14025

2. Overall Depth, D (m) 2.600 2.600 2.600 2.600 2.600
3. Cg of Cable from sofit, Yord (m) 0.922 0.431 0.283 0.216 0.214
4. No of Cable Strands 71 71 71 71 71
5. Area of each Strand (m2) 9.9E-05 9.9E-05 9.9E-05 9.9E-05 9.9E-05

2
6. Area of Section (m ) 2.20 1.56 1.56 1.56 1.56
7. Effective depth , d 1.678 2.169 2.317 2.384 2.386
8.Effective flange width , Bf (m) 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00
9.Effective Flange thickness, t (m) 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200
10.Width of web, b (m) 0.650 0.300 0.300 0.300 0.300
11.Ultimate force per Cable (KN) 183.9 183.9 183.9 183.9 183.9
12.Ultimate tensile strength of steel , fpu (Mpa) 1863.7 1863.7 1863.7 1863.7 1863.7
13.Prestressing Force after all Loss (Kn) 6937.97 7106.03 7180.93 7251.18 7268.74
14.Ultimate Flexural Capacity
15. Assume neutral axis from compression
175.26 175.26 175.26 175.26 175.26
flange, X (mm)
16.Total Compression, C (KN) 11357 11357 11357 11357 11357
17. Initial Prestress, fpe (Mpa) 990 1014 1025 1035 1037
18. Initial strain in tendon 0.0051 0.0052 0.0053 0.0053 0.0053
19. Strain due to bending in tendon 0.030 0.040 0.043 0.044 0.044
20. Total strain in tendon 0.0351 0.0450 0.0480 0.0494 0.0495
21. fpu/1.15 (MPa) 1620.6 1620.6 1620.6 1620.6 1620.6
22.Corresponding Strain 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013
23. 0.9*fpu/1.15 (MPa) 1458.5 1458.5 1458.5 1458.5 1458.5
24.Corresponding Strain 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.007
25. Fb (Mpa) 1620.6 1620.6 1620.6 1620.6 1620.6
26. Area of Steel , As (m2) 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.007
27. Total Tension, T (KN) 11357 11357 11357 11357 11357
28. T-C 0 0 0 0 0
29. CG of Compression Zone from compressive
88 88 88 88 88
flange (mm)
30. Z (mm) 1590 2081.9 2229.2 2296.6 2298.8
31. Flexural Capacity, Mu =T*Z (KNm) 18056 23643 25317 26082 26107
Status OK OK OK OK OK
48
CHECK FOR ULTIMATE SHEAR Shear Corresponding to Maximum Moment
Grade of Concrete 45 Mpa
Grade of Steel 500 Mpa
fcd 45.00 Mpa
fyk 435 Mpa
fywd 348 Mpa
Section Sec 1-1 Sec 2-2 Sec 3 - 3 Sec 4 - 4 Sec 5 - 5
COMPONENT UNIT
Ultimate Shear Capacity of Section uncracked in Flexure (Section 6.2.2, BS Eurocode2)
Ult. Applied Shear Force, Vult KN 2127.0 1476.5 1030.4 577.7 101.6
Overall Width, bw m 0.650 0.300 0.300 0.300 0.300
Overall Depth, h m 2.600 2.600 2.600 2.600 2.600
v =0.6[1-(fck/310)] 0.513 0.513 0.513 0.513 0.513
Max Shear Check VEd <=0.5bw d ν fcd KN 19503 9001 9001 9001 9001
OK OK OK OK OK
2
Area of Section m 2.201 1.556 1.556 1.556 1.556
Horizontal Component of prestress after all
KN 6938.0 7106.0 7180.9 7251.2 7268.7
losses
Cg of cable from sofit, Yord m 0.922 0.431 0.283 0.216 0.214
Comp. Stress due to prestress, σcp Mpa 3.152 4.567 4.615 4.661 4.672
Effect of Vertical Prestress, Vpr KN 1074.4 509.8 230.2 49.1 19.5
Second Moment of Area, I m4 1.501 1.233 1.233 1.233 1.233
First Moment of Area b/w Centroidal and
3
Extreme Comression fibre about centroidal m 1.462 1.369 1.369 1.369 1.369
axis, S
Vrdc = SQRT((fctd)^2+fctd.σcp).I.bw/s KN 31052 12762 12768 12774 12776
49
Provision of Shear Reinforcement (Section 6.2.3, BS Eurocode2)
Ultimate Applied Shear, VEd kN 2127 1477 1030 578 102
Design Shear Capacity, Vc kN 1012 786 834 859 861
Vertical component of Prestress kN 1074 510 230 49 20
Net VEd kN 1053 967 800 529 82
Is VEd less than Vc ? No No Yes Yes Yes

Shear R/f Shear R/f Minimum Minimum Minimum
Reqirement of shear reinforcement
Required Required R/f R/f R/f
VEd KN 1052.7 966.8 0.0 0.0 0.0
αcw 1.070 1.101 1.103 1.104 1.104
ν1 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60
Shear Reinforcement :-
2
i) Aswmax / S = 0.5*bw*αcw*ν1*fcd/(fywd) mm /m 27.0 12.8 12.8 12.8 12.9
2
ii) 0.072 x (SQRT(fck))/fyk mm /m 25.3 15.1 16.1 16.6 16.6
2
Governing Shear reinforcement mm /m 27.0 15.1 16.1 16.6 16.6
Shear RF Due to ultimate loads, Asv/Sv = 2
mm /m 1804 1281 0 0 0
VEd/(z*fywd)
2
Design Shear Reinforcement/web mm /m 902 641 8 8 8
Spacing 110 125 150 200 200
Bar Dia 20 16 16 12 12
Reinforcement provided 2856 1608 1340 565 565
OK OK OK OK OK
50
CHECK FOR ULTIMATE SHEAR Maximum Shear & Corresponding Moment
Grade of Concrete 45 Mpa
Grade of Steel 500 Mpa
fcd 45.00 Mpa
fyk 435 Mpa
fywd 348 Mpa
Section Sec 1-1 Sec 2-2 Sec 3 - 3 Sec 4 - 4 Sec 5 - 5
COMPONENT UNIT
Ultimate Shear Capacity of Section uncracked in Flexure (Section 6.2.2, BS Eurocode2)
Ult. Applied Shear Force, Vult KN 2127.5 1729.0 1163.1 708.9 410.9
Overall Width, bw m 0.650 0.300 0.300 0.300 0.300
Overall Depth, h m 2.600 2.600 2.600 2.600 2.600
v =0.6[1-(fck/310)] 0.513 0.513 0.513 0.513 0.513
Max Shear Check VEd <=0.5bw d ν fcd KN 19503 9001 9001 9001 9001
OK OK OK OK OK
Area of Section m2 2.201 1.556 1.556 1.556 1.556
Horizontal Component of prestress after all
KN 6938.0 7106.0 7180.9 7251.2 7268.7
losses
Cg of cable from sofit, Yord m 0.922 0.431 0.283 0.216 0.214
Comp. Stress due to prestress, σcp Mpa 3.152 4.567 4.615 4.661 4.672
Effect of Vertical Prestress, Vpr KN 1074.4 509.8 230.2 49.1 19.5
Second Moment of Area, I m4 1.501 1.233 1.233 1.233 1.233
First Moment of Area b/w Centroidal and
3
Extreme Comression fibre about centroidal m 1.462 1.369 1.369 1.369 1.369
axis, S
Vrdc = SQRT((fctd)^2+fctd.σcp).I.bw/s KN 31052 12762 12768 12774 12776
51
Provision of Shear Reinforcement (Section 6.2.3, BS Eurocode2)
Ultimate Applied Shear, VEd kN 2128 1729 1163 709 411
Design Shear Capacity, Vc kN 1012 786 834 859 861
Vertical component of Prestress kN 1074 510 230 49 20
Net VEd kN 1053 1219 933 660 391
Is VEd less than Vc ? No No No Yes Yes
Shear R/f Shear R/f Shear R/f Minimum Minimum
Reqirement of shear reinforcement
Required Required Required R/f R/f
VEd KN 1053.2 1219.3 932.8 0.0 0.0
αcw 1.070 1.101 1.103 1.104 1.104
ν1 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60
Shear Reinforcement :-
i) Aswmax / S = 0.5*bw*αcw*ν1*fcd/(fywd) mm2/m 27.0 12.8 12.8 12.8 12.9
ii) 0.072 x (SQRT(fck))/fyk mm2/m 25.3 15.1 16.1 16.6 16.6

Governing Shear reinforcement mm2/m 27.0 15.1 16.1 16.6 16.6
Shear RF Due to ultimate loads, Asv/Sv = 2
mm /m 1805 1616 1158 0 0
VEd/(z*fywd)
Design Shear Reinforcement/web mm2/m 902 808 579 8 8
Spacing 125 125 125 200 200
Bar Dia 20 16 12 10 10
Reinforcement provided 2513 1608 905 393 393
OK OK OK OK OK
52
TEMPERATURE (RISE)
Effect of Temperature Rise
F = EC α ∆t Α
2
EC = 3.35E+06 t/m
0
α = 1.20E-05 / C
∆t = Temperature differential
A = X - sectional Area Where temp. differential is ∆t
TEMPERATURE GRADIENT
( FOR CONCRETE SUPERSTRUCTURE )
AT MID-SPAN
POSITIVE TEMP. DIFFERENCES

17.8
8.60
1
150 2 1.61
4.0
250
3
0
150
4 0
2.1
Temperature Rise case
Element
1 2 3 4 TOTAL
No.
Width 2.910 1.000 0.300 0.650
Height 0.200 0.199 1.805 0.396
Area 0.582 0.199 0.542 0.258 1.580
Y 0.100 0.299 1.301 2.402
A*Y 0.058 0.060 0.705 0.618 1.441
A*Y^2 0.006 0.018 0.917 1.486 2.426
T 8.600 1.61 0.000 0.000
A*T 5.006 0.320 0.000 0.000 5.326
A*T*Y 0.501 0.096 0.000 0.000 0.596
As per Dr. V. K . Raina's book ''Concrete Bridge Practice Analysis ,Design and Economics'' Chapter 30.
εo Sum(A) - θ X Sum(A*T) = α * Sum( A*T)
εo Sum(A*Y) - θ X Sum(A*Y^2) = α * Sum( A*Y*T)
P1 = Sum(A*T) * Sum(A*Y^2) = 12.922
P2 = Sum(A*Y*T) * Sum(A*Y) = 0.859
P3 = Sum(A) * Sum(A*Y^2) = 3.833
P4 = (Sum(A*Y))^2 = 2.076
Extreme Fibre Strain (εo) = α * (P1 - P2) / (P3 -P4) = 0.0000824
θ (εo*Sum (A) - α * Sum (A*T)) / Sum(A*Y) = 0.0000460
53
Calculation of Eigen Stress
Y 0.000 0.200 0.399 2.204 2.600 m

Yxθ 0.0E+00 9.2E-06 1.8E-05 1.0E-04 1.2E-04 m
0
T 17.800 3.200 0.000 0.000 2.100 c
αxT 2.1E-04 3.8E-05 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 2.5E-05
Fej =Ec x (εo -Yθ-α x T) -440.1 116.7 214.8 -63.5 -209.2 t/m2
Check for Stresses

For checking of stresses with thermal effects only 50% Live load will be considered
And Permissible stresses increased by 15%
Top Deck = 151.5 + 54.5 + -440.1 = -234.1 t/m2

Top Girder = 679.3 + 42.4 + 116.7 = 838.4 t/m2
Bottom = 662.4 + -102.8 + -209.2 = 350.4 t/m2
-440.1 206.0 -234.1

0.044
Point of zero stress
116.7 721.7 838.4
214.8 + =
-63.5
-209.2 559.6 350.4
Consider 1 mt strip
Area of steel required = 1/2 x 0.044 x 234.125
2.4 x 1.15
2
= 1.9 cm /m
2
Provide 10 φ @ 250 mm/m = 3.1 cm /m OK
54
AT SUPPORT
Element
1 2 3 TOTAL
No.
Width 2.910 1.000 0.650
Height 0.200 0.247 2.153
Area 0.582 0.247 1.399 2.229
Y 0.100 0.324 1.524
A*Y 0.058 0.080 2.132 2.270
A*Y^2 0.0058 0.0259 3.2483 3.280
T 8.60 1.22 0.00
A*T 5.006 0.302 0.000 5.308
A*T*Y 0.501 0.098 0.000 0.598

P1 = Sum(A*T) * Sum(A*Y^2) = 17.411

P2 = Sum(A*Y*T) * Sum(A*Y) = 1.358
P3 = Sum(A) * Sum(A*Y^2) = 7.310
P4 = (Sum(A*Y))^2 = 5.154

55
Y 0.000 0.200 0.447 2.600 m

Yxθ 0.0E+00 1.2E-05 2.7E-05 1.6E-04 m
T 17.800 3.200 0.000 2.100 0c
αxT 2.1E-04 3.8E-05 0.0E+00 2.5E-05
2
Fej =Ec x (εo -Yθ-α x T) -416.8 130.9 210.2 -305.0 t/m
Check for Stresses

For checking of stresses with thermal effects only 50% Live load will be considered And Permissible stresses
increased by 15%
Top Deck = 22.3 + 13.1 + -416.8 = -381.3 t/m2

Top Girder = 141.0 + 10.6 + 130.9 = 282.5 t/m2
Bottom = 715.6 + -20.1 + -305.0 = 390.5 t/m2
-416.8 35.5 -381.3

Point of zero stress 0.115
151.6 282.5
130.9
210.2 + =
-305.0 695.5 390.5
Consider 1 mt strip
2.4 x 1.15
2
= 7.9 cm /m
2
56
TEMPERATURE (FALL)
Effect of Temperature Fall
F = EC α ∆t Α
2
EC = 3.35E+06 t/m
0
α = 1.20E-05 / C
∆t = Temperature differential
A = X - sectional Area Where temp. differential is ∆t
TEMPERATURE GRADIENT
( FOR CONCRETE SUPERSTRUCTURE )
AT MID-SPAN
REVERSE TEMP. DIFFERENCES

10.6
6.64
1
250 2 0.53
0.7
200
h
3 0
200
0.8
250 1.07
4
2.1
Temperature Fall case
Element
1 2 3 4 TOTAL
No.
Width 2.910 1.000 0.300 0.650
Height 0.200 0.199 1.805 0.396
Area 0.582 0.199 0.542 0.258 1.580
Y 0.100 0.299 1.301 2.402
A*Y 0.058 0.060 0.705 0.618 1.441
A*Y^2 0.0058 0.0178 0.9170 1.4856 2.426
T 6.64 0.53 0.00 1.07
A*T 3.865 0.105 0.000 0.276 4.245
A*T*Y 0.387 0.031 0.000 0.662 1.080

57
P1 = Sum(A*T) * Sum(A*Y^2) = 10.300
P2 = Sum(A*Y*T) * Sum(A*Y) = 1.556
P3 = Sum(A) * Sum(A*Y^2) = 3.833
P4 = (Sum(A*Y))^2 = 2.076

Y 0.000 0.200 0.399 2.204 2.600 m

Yxθ 0.0E+00 6.0E-06 1.2E-05 6.6E-05 7.8E-05 m
0
T 10.600 2.680 0.179 0.215 2.100 c
αxT 1.3E-04 3.2E-05 2.2E-06 2.6E-06 2.5E-05
2
Fej =Ec x (εo -Yθ-α x T) -226.3 72.2 152.8 -31.1 -147.0 t/m
Check for Stresses

Top of Deck = 151.5 + 54.5 + -226.3 = -20.3 t/m2
Top of Girder = 679.3 + 42.4 + 72.2 = 794.0 t/m2
Bottom = 662.4 + -102.8 + -147.0 = 412.6 t/m2
-226.3 206.0 -20.3

0.005
Point of zero stress
72.2 721.7 794.0
152.8 + =
-31.1
-147.0
559.6 412.6
Consider 1 mt strip
2.4 x 1.15
2
= 0.0 cm /m
2
58
AT SUPPORT
Element
1 2 3 TOTAL
No.
Width 2.910 1.000 0.650
Height 0.200 0.247 2.153
Area 0.582 0.247 1.399 2.229
Y 0.100 0.324 1.524
A*Y 0.058 0.080 2.132 2.270
A*Y^2 0.0058 0.0259 3.2483 3.280
T 6.64 0.44 0.00
A*T 3.865 0.109 0.000 3.974
A*T*Y 0.387 0.035 0.000 0.422

P1 = Sum(A*T) * Sum(A*Y^2) = 13.036 12.078

P2 = Sum(A*Y*T) * Sum(A*Y) = 0.958 2.156
P3 = Sum(A) * Sum(A*Y^2) = 7.310
P4 = (Sum(A*Y))^2 = 5.154

59
Y 0.000 0.200 0.447 2.600 m

Yxθ 0.0E+00 9.0E-06 2.0E-05 1.2E-04 m
0
T 10.600 2.680 0.000 2.100 c
αxT 1.3E-04 3.2E-05 0.0E+00 2.5E-05
2
Fej =Ec x (εo -Yθ-α x T) -275.7 12.8 83.4 -326.0 t/m
Check for Stresses
Top Deck = 22.3 + 13.1 + -275.7 = -240.3 t/m2
Top Girder = 141.0 + 10.6 + 12.8 = 164.5 t/m2
Bottom = 715.6 + -20.1 + -326.0 = 369.6 t/m2
-275.7 35.5 -240.3

Point of zero stress 0.119
12.8 151.6 164.5
83.4 + =
-326.0 695.5 369.6
Consider 1 mt strip
2.4 x 1.15
2
= 5.2 cm /m
2
60
END CROSS GIRDER
B.0 Design of End Cross Girder at Temporary Lifting Condition / Jack up condition
The end cross girder is designed as a continuous deep beam for bearing replacement condition, continuous
over knife supports at the jack locations. The CL of jacks are taken to be 1061 mm from the CL of main girder.
The reaction of main girder due to (DL+SIDL) are applied as load at the girder location as shown below.
-120.00 Mton -120.00 Mton

-105.00 Mton -110.00 Mton
1.06m 2.12m
127.32 MTon-m 127.32 MTon-m
20.83 MTon-m 14.41 MTon-m 15.00 MTon-m 21.45 MTon-m

0 MTon-m 0 MTon-m
-38.08 MTon-m -40.13 MTon-m
Since the jack will be operated from single console, hence the loads from bearings will be equally divided into all jeacks.
Reaction in each jack = 120+105+110+120 = 455.0 t
Design Bending Moment = 130.00 t-m
Design of deep beam [ As per clause 29.2, IS 456-2000 ]
L= 1.5 D= 2.350 m
L/D = 0.638 < 1 for continuous beam
Lever arm Z = 0.5L = 0.75 m
Required Top Ast for max support M =M/(σst*Z) =130.000/(0.75*1.33*240) = 54.30 cm2
33% overstressing considered for temporary condition
Minimum Area of steel required = 0.2/100*2.35*0.6*10000 = 28.20 cm2
Details of zone 1
Depth of zone is 0.2D =0.2*2.350*1000 = 470 mm
Fraction of reinforcement to be provided in this
zone=0.5*(1.277-0.5) = 0.388
Ast to be provided in this zone=ROUNDUP(0.388*MAX(54.3,28.2),2) = 21.09 cm2
Provide 25 dia bars, Nos of bars required = 4.3 No of bar provided = 5
Hence Ast Provided = 24.55 cm2 OK
61
Details of zone 2
0.3D on either side of mid depth and distributed uniformly
0.3D = 705 mm
Ast to be provided in this zone = 33.22 cm2 This reinforcement is added with side face reinf.
25
Provide dia bars, Nos of bars required = 7
Hence Ast Provided= 34.37 cm2
Total Ast Provided for Hogging Moment = 58.92 cm2

2
Provide 4 nos 25 f + 4 nos 20 f + nos 20 f
Provided Ast = 38.5 cm2
Calculation for side face reinforcement :

0.1 % of web area on each face = 12 cm2
Asr required in Zone 2 for Hogging Moment = 33.22 cm2
Total Ast required on each face = 28.61 cm2
No of bar
Provide 25 dia bars, Nos of bars required = = 5.9 provided = 6
2
Hence Ast Provided = 30.0 cm OK
Hanging reinforcement [ As per clause 29.3.3, IS 456-2000 ]

It is considered 50% of Longitudinal reaction will hang
Force for Hanging reinforcement of Outer
Girder = 60.00 t
Force for Hanging reinforcement of Inner
Girder = 55.00 t
At Outer GirderLocation
Required Ast as hanging R/F =60.0*100/1.33*240 = 18.8 cm2
33% overstressing
Provide 2 L 16 dia Stirrups 5 nos = 20.1 cm2 OK
At Inner Girder Location

Required Ast as hanging R/F =55.0*100/1.33*240 = 17.2 cm2
Provide 2 L 16 dia Stirrups 5 nos = 20.1 cm2 OK
62
SHEAR CONNECTORS
At Support
Shear Force Due to

Dead Load of beam = 47.80 t
Dead Load of slab = 28.01 t
SIDL = 23.70 t
Live Load ( with impact) = 50.05 t
VL = VAeY/I
VL = Longitudinal shear per unit length
V = Vertical shear
Ae = Area of transformed section on one side of interface
Y = Distance of centroid of the area under consideration from NA of compostie section
I = Moment of Inertia of section
V= 1.5*(47.80271234375+28.01175+23.7)+2.5*50.047047146402 = 274.39 t
Ae = 3*0.2 = 0.600 m2
Y= 2.6-1.574-0.2/2 = 0.926 m
I= = 1.501 m4
VL = 274.39*0.60*0.926/1.5008 = 101.61 t
Provide 2 Legged 12 dia. @ 200 c/c + 2 Legged 12 dia. @ 200 c/c

-3
Ultimate Shear capacity, Qu = As * fu * 10
As = The cross section area of anchorage connector = 2262 mm2
fu = The ultimate tensile strength of steel = 500 Mpa
Qu = Ultimate Shear capacity = 113.10 t OK
AT 5.00 m
Shear Force Due to

SIDL = 20.50 t
VL = VAeY/I
V = Vertical shear
V= 1.5*(29.58105943125+20.21175+20.5)+2.5*33.2498263027295 = 188.56 T
Ae = 3*0.2 = 0.600 m2
Y= 2.6-1.699-0.2/2 = 0.801 m
I= = 1.2331 m4
VL = 188.56*0.600*0.801/1.2331 = 73.47 T
63
Ultimate Shear capacity, Qu = As * fu * 10-3

AT 8.58 m
Shear Force Due to

SIDL = 12.80 t
VL = VAeY/I
V = Vertical shear
V= 1.5*(20.87901589375+14.63475+12.8)+2.5*23.9452109181141 = 132.33 T
Ae = 3*0.2 = 0.600 m2
Y= 2.6-1.699-0.2/2 = 0.801 m
I= = 1.233 m4
VL = 132.33*0.600*0.801/1.2331 = 51.56 T
Ultimate Shear capacity, Qu = As * fu * 10-3

64
DESIGN OF END ANCHORAGE
As per clause 13.5.1 of IRC: 112 - 2011
Size of Anchor Block = 270 mm

C/C spacing of Cable = 400 mm
Width of web bulb = 650 mm
Minimum loss after friction and slip = 379 KN
Max force in one cable = 2673.675 KN
Grade of Concrete of Girder = 40 Mpa
First Stage Prestressing after the
= 21 days
casting of Girder
Ultimate Cable force Pk = 3495 KN
Type of reinforcement = Fe 500
400
650
1.0 Permissible Bearing Stress behind Anchorages
fcj = 45.0 Mpa

Smaller of (i) and (ii)
(i) fb = 0.48 fcj sqrt (A2/A1)
(ii) fb = 0.8 fcj
A1 = 0.27*0.27 = 0.0729 m2
A2 = 0.4*0.4 = 0.1600 m2
fb from (i) = 32000.0 KN/m2
fb from (ii) = 36000.0 KN/m2
Hence fb = 32000 KN/m2
Max force in cable after friction and slip loss = 2294.7 KN
fb developed = 31477 KN/m2
Hence OK
Hence no hoop reinforcement is required as per design. But from detailing point of view hoop reinforcement has
been provided. CEB-FIP model code has been used to calculate the increase in permissible bearing stress.
According to the above code, increase in permissible stress
∆F = 1.3 * u/s * As * (fyd -(Ac1-Ac2)*fcd*(1-(8*Msdu)/(u/π * Nsdu))
Using 16 φ spirals with 300 mm ID and 100 mm Spacing
Where,
u = perimeter of hoop = pi*(0.3 + 0.016) = 0.993 m
s = hoop spacing = 0.100 m
65
As = Cross sectional area of hoop reinforcement = 201 mm2
fyd = design strength of hoop = 0.87 * 500 = 435 N/mm2
AC1 = 320 * 320 = 102400 mm2
AC2 = Area of concrete within hoop reinforcement
= pi/4 * 0.3^2 = 70685.8 mm2
fcd = 0.8 * fcj / 1.5 = 24.00 N/mm2
Msdu = Maximum moment in hoop reinforcement zone = 0.00
∆F = 1.3*u/s *As*fyd -(Ac1-Ac2)fcd*(1-(8*Msdu)/(u/π * Nsdu)) = 367.61 KN
Increase in permissible stress = ∆F / A1 = 5042.7 KN/m2
Required permissible stress = = -523.0 KN/m2
Hence OK
2.0 BURSTING REINFORCEMENT
2Yo = 400 270 = 2Ypo
2Ypo = 400
2Yo = 270
Ypo / Yo = 0.68
From Table 8 of IRC-18, Fbst / Pk = = 0.1175225
Fbst = = 410.74 KN
Allowable stress in steel = 0.87fy = 0.87*500 = 435.0 N/mm2
Ast required = 410.741058941059* 1000 / 435 = 944 mm2
Provide Nos. 4
Dia. 16
legged 2
Provide 4 nos 2 legged T16 in the form of spiral as mentioned above

Area of Steel provided 1608 mm2
OK
This reinforcement shall be provided in a zone 0.2 Yo = 40 mm from face to
2Yo = 400 mm
Therefore, revised spacing of the spiral shall be 50 mm
66
UNTENSIONED REINFORCEMENT
Minimum Reinforcement in Vertical direction
a) In Web 0.18 % of Area

=(0.18/100*30*100)
= 5.40 cm2/m
Minimum reinforcement provided in the web ( vertical stirrups )
I.e. 2 Legged 12dia @ 200 c/c

Area provided = 11.31 cm2/m > 5.40 cm2/m OK
b) In bottom bulb
0.18 % of Area
=(0.18/100*65*100)
= 11.70 cm2/m
Minimum reinforcement provided in the bottom bulb ( vertical shear stirrups + additional reinf in bottom bulb)
I.e. 2 Legged 12dia @ 200 c/c + 2 Legged 10dia @ 200 c/c

c) In top bulb
0.18 % of Area
=(0.18/100*100*100)
= 18.00 cm2/m
Minimum reinforcement provided in the top bulb ( vertical shear stirrups + additional reinf in top bulb)
I.e. 2 Legged 12dia @ 200 c/c + 2 Legged 10dia @ 200 c/c
Minimum Reinforcement in Longitudinal direction (As per Cl. 15.3 of IRC 18,2000)
Support Minimum reinforcement = 0.18 % of Area of Beam
= (0.18/100*161.915*100)
= 29.14 cm2
Providing 12 no 12 dia + 20 no 10 dia

Area provided = 29.28 cm2 OK
bars distributed around the perimeter of the beam
Mid Sect Minimum reinforcement = 0.18 % of Area of Beam

= (0.18/100*97.375*100)
= 17.53 cm2
Providing 12 no 10 dia + 20 no 10 dia
Area provided = 25.13 cm2 OK
bars distributed around the perimeter of the beam
67
DESIGN OF DECK SLAB
68
----------------------------
User's General Design Data
----------------------------
Overall width of Deck Slab = b = 12.000 m.
Cantilever Span = cs = 0.815 m
Left Cantilever width of Deck Slab = cl = 1.315 m
Right Cantilever width of Deck Slab = cr = 1.315 m
Total Number of Main Long Girders = girder_no = 4 Nos.
Width of Web of Long Main Girders = width_girderweb = 0.325 m.
Width of Flange of Long Main Girders = width_girderflange = 1.029 m.
Overall Thickness of Deck Slab = h = 200 mm.
Effective Depth of Deck Slab = d = 200 - 55 - 16/2 = 137 mm.
Thickness of Permanent Formwork = d1 = 25 mm.
Total Thickness of Deck Slab = d_total = h + d1 = 200 + 25 = 200 mm.
Thickness of surfacing by wearing course = thickness_surfacing = 150 mm.
Cover to Reinforcements = cover = 55 mm.
Diameter of Reinforcement Steel Bars = bar_dia = 16 mm.
Spacing of Reinforcement Steel Bars = bar_spacing = 150 mm.
Total Number of Reinforcement Steel Bars per metre = bar_no = 1000/150 = 7 Nos.
Unit Weight of Concrete = unitwt_concrete = 24 KN/Cu.M.

Unit Weight of surfacing = unitwt_surfacing = 24 KN/Cu.M
Concrete = Fck = 50 N/Sq.mm.
Steel = Fy = 500 N/Sq.mm.
Wheel size = wheel_a1 x wheel_a2 = 261.116 x 261.116 Units wheel Load = wload_units = 30
One unit of axle = axle_unit = 10 kN
Load per wheel (For single unit)= load_wheel = axle_unit/4= 2.5 kN
-------------------------------
STEP 1.0 : Design of Deck Slab
-------------------------------
Width of Deck Slab between Centre to Centre of two Girders = b1 = (12.000 - 1.315 - 1.315) / (4+1) =
1.874 m.
Clear Width of Deck Slab between two Girders = b2 = 1.874 - 2 x 1.029 / 2 = 0.845 m.
Effective Span of Deck Slab = span_deckslab = 0.845 + 0.137 = 0.982 m.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------
SLS ULS
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------
Load calculation: γf1 γf3 γf1 γf3
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------
Self weight γf1_sls_swt=1.00 γf3_sls_swt=1.00 γf1_uls_swt=1.15
γf3_uls_swt=1.10
Surfacing γf1_sls_swt=1.20 γf3_sls_swt=1.00 γf1_uls_swt=1.75
γf3_uls_swt=1.10
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------
Live load
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------
Mhog γf1_sls_Mhog=1.10 γf3_sls_Mho=1.00 γf1_uls_Mho=1.30
γf3_uls_Mho=1.10
Msag γf1_sls_Msag=1.10 γf3_sls_Msa=1.00 γf1_uls_Msa=1.30
γf3_uls_Msa=1.10
V γf1_sls_V =1.10 γf3_sls_V =1.00 γf1_uls_V =1.30 γf3_uls_V
=1.10
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------
69
STEP 1.1 : Load Calculation
----------------------------
STEP 1.1.1 : Dead Load
-----------------------
Deck self weight:

------------------
Nominal Deck self weight = Nom_dsw = d_total x unitwt_concrete
= 0.200 x 24 = 4.800 kN/Sq.m
SLS = Nom_dsw_sls = Nom_dsw x γf1_sls_swt x γf3_sls_swt
= 4.800 x 1.00 x 1.00 = 4.800 kN/Sq.m
ULS = Nom_dsw_uls = Nom_dsw x γf1_uls_swt x γf3_uls_swt

= 4.800 x 1.15 x 1.10 = 6.072 kN/Sq.m
----------
Surfacing:
----------
Nominal Surfacing = Nom_surfacing = thickness_surfacing x unitwt_surfacing

= 0.150 x 24 = 3.600 kN/Sq.m
SLS = Nom_surfacing_sls = Nom_surfacing x γf1_sls_sur x γf3_sls_sur
= 3.600 x 1.20 x 1.00 = 4.320 kN/Sq.m
ULS = Nom_surfacing_uls = Nom_surfacing x γf1_uls_sur x γf3_uls_sur

= 3.600 x 1.75 x 1.10 = 6.930 kN/Sq.m
Dead Load Effect for the Unit Weight :

---------------------------------------
Refer to Figure 1 from Dialog Box

Hog BM = dle_mhog_sls = (Nom_dsw_sls + Nom_surfacing_sls) x span_deckslab x span_deckslab /12
= (4.800 + 4.320) x 0.982 x 0.982 / 12 = 0.733 kNm
Sag BM = dle_msag_sls = dle_mhog_sls / 2 = 0.733 / 2 = 0.366 kNm

Shear = dle_V_sls = (Nom_dsw_sls + Nom_surfacing_sls) x span_deckslab /2
= (4.800 + 4.320) x 0.982/2 = 4.478 kN
Hog BM = dle_mhog_uls = (Nom_dsw_uls + Nom_surfacing_uls) x span_deckslab x span_deckslab /12
= (6.072 + 6.930) x 0.982 x 0.982/12 = 1.045 kNm
Sag BM = dle_msag_uls = dle_mhog_uls / 2 = 1.045/2 = 0.522 kNm

Shear = dle_V_uls = (Nom_dsw_uls + Nom_surfacing_uls) x span_deckslab /2
= (6.072 + 6.930) x 0.982/2 = 6.384 kN
--------------------------------
STEP 1.1.2 : Live Load
--------------------------------
HA & HB Loading
30 units of HB Loading is to be used for Bending Effect
One unit of axle = axle_unit = 10 kN

Load per wheel = load_wheel = 2.5 kN (For single unit)
For 30 unit wheel Load = wheel_load = wload_units x load_wheel = 30 x 2.5 = 75 kN

Wheel Load Contact Area = wheel_a1 x wheel_a2 = 261.116 x 261.116 = 68181.565 Sq.mm
Dispersal through surfacing = 1H : 1V and considering the load acting on the top of slab
70
Dispersion width per wheel = width_dispersion = 0.4469 m.
Therefore, UDL on Slab = wheel_load / width_dispersion = 75.000 / 0.447 = 167.829 kN/m
As the intensity of HB UDL on slab is same as HA Loading so HB Loading will be considered for Live
Load.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
STEP 1.2 : Calculation for Bending Moments and Shear Forces
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Mhog = MAB = 10.010 kNm

Msag = 6.119 kNm
VAB = RA = 65.090 kN
Live Load BM (hog) for SLS Mhog = LL_mhog_sls =Mhog x γf1_sls_Mhog x γf3_sls_Mhog x 25/
wload_units
= 10.010 x 1.10 x 1.00 x 25 / 30 = 9.176 kNm
Live Load BM (sag) for SLS Msag = LL_msag_sls = Msag x γf1_sls_Msag x γf3_sls_Msag x 25 /
wload_units
= 6.119 x 1.10 x 1.00 x 25/30 = 5.609 kNm
Live Load Shear for SLS = LL_VAB_sls = VAB x γf1_sls_V x γf3_sls_V x 25/ wload_units
= 65.090 x 1.10 x 1.00 x 25/30 = 59.67 kN
Live Load BM (hog) for ULS Mhog = LL_mhog_uls = Mhog x γf1_uls_Mhog x γf3_uls_Mhog x 30 /
wload_units
= 10.010 x 1.30 x 1.10 x 25 / 30 = 14.314 kNm
Live Load BM (sag) for ULS Msag = LL_msag_uls = Msag x γf1_uls_Msag x γf3_uls_Msag x 25/
wload_units
= 6.119 x 1.30 x 1.10 x 25/30 = 7.292 kNm
Live Load Shear for ULS = LL_VAB_uls = VAB x γf1_uls_V x γf3_uls_V x 25 / wload_units
= 65.090 x 1.30 x 1.30 x 25/30 = 77.566 kN
------------------------
Maximum Sagging Moment
------------------------
MDL + LL [ULS] = 0.522 + 7.292 = 7.814 kNm.

MDL [SLS] = 0.366 kNm.
MLL [SLS] = 5.609 kNm.
Maximum Hogging Moment

-----------------------
MDL+LL [ULS] = 1.045 + 14.314 = 15.359 kNm.

MDL [SLS] = 0.733 kNm.
MLL [SLS] = 9.176 kNm.
Maximum Shear Force

----------------------
VDL+LL [ULS] = 6.384 + 77.566 = 83.950 kN.
VDL [SLS] = 4.478 kN.
VLL [SLS] = 59.666 kN.
71
-------------------------------------------------------------------
STEP 1.3 : Check for Bending Resistance in Transverse Direction
-------------------------------------------------------------------
(i) Check for Moment of Resistance in Transverse Direction
b = 1000 mm
Cover = 55 mm
h = 200 mm
Reinforcement Bar Diameters = bar_dia = 16 mm.
Spacing = bar_spacing = 150 mm
Bar Nos. = bar_nos = 1000/ Spacing = 1000/150 = 6.667 = 7
d = 137 mm
fcu = 50 N/Sq.mm
fy = 500 N/Sq.mm
Max.Design Bending Moment = 15.359 kNm (Maximum Hogging Moment)

Provide Reinforcement = 7 Nos. 16 mm dia. bars
Reqd. Area of steel for shear = 96.494 Sq.mm

Area of steel provided, As = bar_no x (π x bar_dia x bar_dia) / 4
= 7 x (3.142 x 16 x 16) / 4
= 1407.434 Sq.mm
z = [1 - (1.1 x fy x As) / (fcu x b x d) ] x d

= [1 - (1.1 x 500 x 1407.434) / (50 x 1000 x 137) ] x 137
= 121.518 m. < 0.95 x d = 0.95 x 137 = 130.150 m. OK
Moment of Resistance, Mu = 0.87 x fy x As x z

= 0.87 x 500 x 1407.434 x 121.518/10^6
= 74.398 kNm > 15.359 kNm. Section OK
------------------------------------
STEP 1.4 : Check Flexural Cracking
------------------------------------
Breadth of section = b = 1000 mm

Depth of section = h = 200 mm
Reinforcement Cover (Nominal) = Cnom = 55 mm
Reinforcement Cover (Minimum) = Cmin = 40 mm
Reinforcement bars = bar_dia = 16 mm
Spacing = spacing = 150 mm
No of bars = bar_nos = b / spacing = 1000 / 150 = 6.667 = 7 Nos
Area of Steel = As = bar_nos x π x bar_dia x bar_dia / 4
= 7 x (3.1416 x 16 x 16)/4 = 1407.434 Sq.mm

Effective depth, d = h - Cnom - bar_dia/2 = 200 - 55 - 16/2 = 137 mm
Distance from compression face to point at which crack is calculated, a', = 180 mm
Service Moment = M = 8 kNm
Instantaneous modulus of elasticity = Ec = 34 kN/Sq.mm
Modulus of Elasticity of Steel = Es = 200 kN/Sq.mm
Flexural Crack width aimed for = 0.25 mm
Distance to surface of nearest rebar, a_cr = 89.95 mm
Modular Ratio, = αe = Es x 2 / Ec = 200 x 2 / 34 = 11.765 = (Ec long term = Ec /2)
Bending Moment for Live load = 9.176 kN-m
Bending Moment for Dead Load = 0.733 kN-m
Depth of neutral axis, = dc = - [(αe x As) ± √(((αe x As) x (αe x As)) + (2 x b x αe x As x d))] / b
= - [(11.765 x 1407.434) ± √((11.765 x 1407.434) x (11.765 x 1407.434))
+ (2.000 x 1000.000 x 11.765 x 1407.434 x 137.000))] / 1000.000
= 52.804 mm.
Reinforcement tensile stress = fs = M x 1000 x 1000 / (As x (d - (dc/3)))
= 8.000 x 1000 x 1000 / (1407.434 x (137 - (52.804/3)))
= 47.60608 N / Sq. mm
Flexural Strain = ((a’ - dc) x fs) / ((d - dc) x Es)
= ((180.000 - 52.804) x 47.606) / ((137 - 52.804) x 200.000)
= 0.3596
72
Thus total strain = e1 = 0.0010
es = Depth Factor = 1.3760 (BS 5400,table 9)
em = e1 - [3.8 x bt x h x (a’ - dc) ] / [es x As x (h-dc)] x [1 - (Mq / Mg)] / 1,000,000,000
(but not greater than e1)
= 0.001000
Crack width = Wmax = (3 x acr x em) / [1 + 2 x (acr - cmin) / (h - dc)]
= (3 x 89.950 x 0.00100) / [1 + 2 x (89.950 - 40.000) / (200 - 52.804)]
= 0.161 mm < 0.25 mm. OK
-----------------------------------
STEP 1.5 : Shear Calculation
-----------------------------------
(ii) Check for Shear Reinforcement
Max. Shear Force, Vmax.= 83.950 kN
b = 1000 mm
Reinforcement Bar Dia = bar_dia = 16
Bar Nos = bar_nos = 7
= 7 x 3.1416 x 16 x 16 / 4
= 1407.434 Sq.mm
Reinforcement Cover = cover = 55 mm
Overall Slab Thickness = h = 200 mm
Effective Depth = d = h - cover - bar_dia/2 = 200 - 55 - 16/2 = 137 mm
fcu = 50 N / Sq.mm
allowable fcu 40 = N / Sq.mm (for shear only)
fyv= 500 N / Sq.mm
ξs = Depth Factor = 1.3760 (BS 5400,table 9)
Provide Reinforcement = 7 Nos. 16 ɸ bars
Area of steel provided, As = 1407.434 Sq.mm
Percentage = 100 x As / (b x d) = 100 x 1407.434 / (1000 x 1000) = 137.000 %

vc = Ultimate shear stress in concrete = 0.746 N / Sq.mm ( BS 5400,table 8)
Shear Stress, v = V / (b x d) = 4.751E-004 N / Sq.mm < ξs x vc = 1.026 N / Sq.mm Hence, OK.
Longitudinal steel for shear fyv = 500 N/Sq.mm

V = Vmax.= 83.950 kN
Asa >= V x 1000 / (2 x 0.87 x fyv)
= 83.950 x 1000 / (2 x 0.87 x 500) = 96.494 Sq.mm
--------------------------------------------
STEP 2.0 : Design of Cantilever Slab
--------------------------------------------
STEP 2.1 : Cantilever Slab Design Data

----------------------------------------
Thickness of Cantilever slab = h = 0.18 m

Total cantilever = c_width = 1.315 m
For Cantilever Self weight calculation :
Length = C_Length = 2.4 m. Thickness = C_Thick = 0.21 m.
Depth of the infill = depth_infill = 250 mm

Parapet Load for SLS = pload_sls = 2 kN/m
Parapet Load for ULS = pload_uls = 2.64 kN/m
Footpath Live Load = fpll = 5 kN/Sq.m (BD 37/01 Cl. 6.5.1)
Accidental Wheel Load = awl = 175 kN
73
Accidental Wheel Load Length = awll = 0.779 m.
Accidental Wheel Load Dispersal Area = (ada = 0.7315 m) x (adb = 0.7315 m)
Distance between accidental l oad axle = dal = 2.4 m
Footpath Thickness = fp_thick = 0.27 m
Reinforcement Bar Dia = bar_dia = 20 mm
STEP 2.2 : Cantilever Load Calculation
-------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------
SLS ULS
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------
Load calculation: γf1 γf3 γf1 γf3
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------
Edge Beam γf1_sls_dl =1.00 γf3_sls_dl =1.00 γf1_uls_dl =1.20 γf3_uls_dl
=1.10
Verge Fill γf1_sls_vf =1.20 γf3_sls_vf =1.00 γf1_uls_vf =1.75 γf3_uls_vf
=1.10
Self Weight γf1_sls_csw=1.00 γf3_sls_csw=1.00 γf1_uls_csw=1.20
γf3_uls_csw=1.10
Parapet Load γf1_sls_pl =1.00 γf3_sls_pl =1.00 γf1_uls_pl =1.00 γf3_uls_pl
=1.00
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------
Live load
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------
Footpath Live Load γf1_sls_fpl=1.50 γf3_sls_fpl=1.10 γf1_uls_fpl=1.00
γf3_uls_fpl=1.00
Accidental Wheel Load γf1_sls_awl=1.20 γf3_sls_awl=1.00 γf1_uls_awl=1.30
γf3_uls_awl=1.10
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------
-------------------------
STEP 2.2.1 : Dead Load
-------------------------
1) Dead Load of Edge Beam (BD 37/01 Cl. 5.1.1)

Dead Load of Edge Beam = dleb
= width_girderweb x unitwt_concrete
= 0.325 x 24 = 7.800 kN/m
At SLS = dleb_sls = dleb x γf1_sls_dl x γf3_sls_dl
= 7.800 x 1.00 x 1.00 = 7.800 kN/m
At ULS = dleb_uls = dleb x γf1_uls_dl x γf3_uls_dl
= 7.800 x 1.20 x 1.10 = 10.296 kN/m
2) Dead Load of Verge Infill (BS 648-1964, BD 37/01 Table 1)
Depth of the Infill = depth_infill = 250 mm.
Nominal Infill Weight = nom_dlif

= depth_infill x unitwt_concrete
= 0.250 x 24 = 6.000 kN/Sq.m
At SLS = dlvf_sls = nom_dlif x γf1_sls_vf x γf3_sls_vf
= 6.000 x 1.20 x 1.00 = 7.200 kN/Sq.m
At ULS = dlvf_uls = nom_dlif x γf1_uls_vf x γf3_uls_vf

= 6.000 x 1.75 x 1.10 = 11.550 kN/Sq.m
74
3) Cantilever Self Weight:
Nominal Cantilever self weight = nom_csw

= C_Length x C_Thick x unitwt_concrete
= 2.400 x 0.210 x 24 = 12.096 kN/m
At SLS = nom_csw_sls = nom_csw x γf1_sls_csw x γf3_sls_csw

= 12.096 x 1.00 x 1.00 = 12.096 kN/Sq.m
At ULS = nom_csw_uls = nom_csw x γf1_uls_csw x γf3_uls_csw
= 12.096 x 1.20 x 1.10 = 15.967 kN/Sq.m
4) Parapet Load:
At SLS = pload_sls = 2 kN/m

At ULS = pload_uls = 2.64 kN/m
-------------------------------------------
STEP 2.2.2 : Live Load
-------------------------------------------
STEP 2.2.2.1 : Footpath Live Load = fpll = 5 kN/Sq.m (BD 37/01 Cl. 6.5.1)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Load on Beam (Ref. BD 37/01 Table 1)
At ULS = fpll_uls = fpll x γf1_uls_fpll x γf3_uls_fpll x C_Length

= 5 x 1 x 1 x 2.4 = 12.000 kN/Sq.m
At SLS = fpll_sls = fpll x γf1_sls_fpll x γf3_sls_fpll x C_Length

= 5 x 1.5 x 1.1 x 2.4 = 12.000 kN/Sq.m
----------------------------------------------
STEP 2.2.2.2 : Accidental Wheel Load
----------------------------------------------
Overall Thickness = ovl_thick = fp_thick + C_Thick = 0.27 + 0.21 = 0.48 m = 480 mm

Effective Thickness (Depth)= eff_thick = ovl_thick - cover - bar_dia/2
= 480 - 40 - 20 / 2 = 430 mm = 0.43 m
One Side Load Dispersal Width = 0.430 / 2 m
Both Side Load Dispersal Width = 2 x 0.430 / 2 = 0.430 m
Dispersal Width = (100 x 10^3 / 1.1)^(1/2) = 301.51 mm. = 0.3015 m. (BD 37/01 Cl. 6.6.3)
Total Dispersed width of Load at Effective Depth = 0.3015 + 0.4300 = 0.7315 m
Cantilever Slab Thickness = 0.210 m

Effective Thickness = 210 - 40 - 20/2 = 160 mm = 0.16 m
One Side Load Dispersal Width = (0.16/2) m
Both Side Load Dispersal Width = 2 x (0.16/2) = 0.16 m
Width of Load at Top of Cantilever Slab = = 0.3015 m
Total Dispersed width of Load at Effective Depth = 0.3015 + 0.1600 = 0.4615 m
Hence, 175 kN wheel load will be dispersed on area of = awa x awb = 0.7315 x 0.7315 Sq.m
Dispersal factor in Longitudinal Direction = dis_fact = 0.4615 / 0.7315 = 0.6309
(Ref. BD 37/01 Table 1)
Maximum intensity of UDL over Slab for SLS = awll_sls
75
= (awl / awa) x γf1_sls_awl x γf3_sls_awl x dis_fact
= (175 / 0.7315) x 1.2 x 1 x 0.6309 = 181.1228 kN/m
Maximum intensity of UDL over Slab for ULS = awll_uls
= (awl / awa) x γf1_uls_awl x γf3_uls_awl x dis_fact
= (175 / 0.7315) x 1.3 x 1.1 x 0.6309 = 215.8379 kN/m
Cantilever deck is checked for the width equals to distance between accidental load axle = dal = 2.4 m
1) Dead Load of Edge Beam

L = c_width - (w_parapet / 2) = 1.315 - (0.500 / 2) = 1.065 m
Dead Load of Edge Beam at ULS = P_uls = dleb_uls x dal = 10.296 x 2.4 = 24.710 kN
Bending Moment at A at ULS = MA_uls = P_uls x L = 24.710 x 1.065 = 26.317 kN.m
Dead Load of Edge Beam at SLS = P_sls = dleb_sls x dal = 7.800 x 2.4 = P = 18.720 kN
Bending Moment at A at SLS = MA_sls = P_sls x L = 18.720 x 1.0650 = 19.937 kN.m
Reaction at A at ULS = ULS_RA = P_uls = 24.710 kN

Reaction at A at SLS = SLS_RA = P_sls = 18.720 kN
2) Dead Load of Verge Fill

L = c_span = 0.815 m
Dead Load of Verge Fill at ULS = W_uls = dlvf_uls x dal = 11.550 x 2.4 = W = 27.720 kN/m
Bending Moment at A at ULS = MA_uls = W x L^2 / 2 = 27.720 x 0.815^2 / 2 = 9.206 kN.m
Dead Load of Verge Fill at SLS = W_sls = dlvf_sls x dal = 7.200 x 2.4 = W = 17.280 kN/m
Bending Moment at A at SLS = MA_sls = W x L^2 / 2 = 17.280 x 0.815^2 / 2 = 5.739 kN.m
Reaction at A at ULS = RA_ULS = W_uls x L = 27.720 x 0.815 = 22.592 kN

Reaction at A at SLS = RA_SLS = W_sls x L = 17.280 x 0.815 = 14.083 kN
3) Parapet Load
L = c_width - (w_parapet / 2) = 1.315 - (0.500 / 2) = 1.065 m

Dead Load of Parapet at ULS = W_uls = pload_uls x dal = 2.640 x 2.4 = W = 6.336 kN
Bending Moment at A at ULS = MA_uls = W_uls x L^2 / 2 = 6.336 x 1.065^2 / 2 = 3.593 kN.m
Dead Load of Parapet at SLS = W_sls = pload_sls x dal = 2.000 x 2.4 = W = 4.800 kN
Bending Moment at A at SLS = MA_sls = W_sls x L^2 / 2 = 4.800 x 1.065^2 / 2 = 2.722 kN.m
Reaction at A at ULS = RA_ULS = W_uls = 6.336 kN

Reaction at A at SLS = RA_SLS = W_sls = 4.800 kN
76
4) Footpath Live Load

L = c_span = 0.815 m
W (at ULS) = fpll_uls = 12.000 kN/m
W (at SLS) = fpll_sls = 19.800 kN/m
Bending Moment at A at ULS = MA_uls = fpll_uls x L^2 / 2 = 12.000 x 0.815^2 / 2 = 3.985 kN.m
Bending Moment at A at SLS = MA_sls = fpll_sls x L^2 / 2 = 19.800 x 0.815^2 / 2 = 6.576 kN.m
Reaction at A at ULS = RA_ULS = fpll_uls x L = 12.000 x 0.815 = 9.780 kN
Reaction at A at SLS = RA_SLS = fpll_sls x L = 19.800 x 0.815 = 16.137 kN
5) Accidental Live Load

L = Accident Wheel Load length = awll = 0.779 m
Bending Moment at A at ULS = MA_uls = awll_uls x L^2 / 2 = 215.838 x 0.779^2 / 2 = 65.490 kN.m
Bending Moment at A at SLS = MA_sls = awll_sls x L^2 / 2 = 181.123 x 0.779^2 / 2 = 54.956 kN.m
Reaction at A at ULS = RA_ULS = awll_uls x L = 215.838 x 0.779 = 168.138 kN

Reaction at A at SLS = RA_SLS = awll_sls x L = 181.123 x 0.779 = 141.095 kN
6) Collision with Parapet Load

As plastic moment is used no other factor will be used
MA_uls = 65.490 x γf1_uls_fpll x γf3_uls_fpll + 168.138 x 0.390 x γf1_uls_fpll x γf1_uls_fpll

= 65.490 x 1.00 x 1.00 + 168.138 x 0.390 x 1.00 x 1.00
= 130.979 kN-m
MA_sls = 0.0
RA_uls = RA_sls = 0.0
7) Self Weight
L = Accident Wheel Load length = awll = 0.779 m

Bending Moment at A at ULS = MA_uls = awll_uls x L^2 / 2 = 215.838 x 0.779^2 / 2 = 65.490 kN.m
Bending Moment at A at SLS = MA_sls = awll_sls x L^2 / 2 = 181.123 x 0.779^2 / 2 = 54.956 kN.m
Reaction at A at ULS = RA_ULS = awll_uls x L = 215.838 x 0.779 = 168.138 kN
Reaction at A at SLS = RA_SLS = awll_sls x L = 215.838 x 0.779 = 141.095 kN
77
---------------------------------------------------
DESIGN MOMENTS and SHEARS
---------------------------------------------------
MDL + LL at ULS = M_uls = ULS Load Combination (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7)
= 26.317 + 9.206 + 3.593 + 3.985 + 65.490 + 130.979 + 65.490

= 305.060 kN.m
MDL + LL at SLS = M_sls = SLS Load Combination (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7)

= 19.937 + 5.739 + 2.722 + 6.576 + 54.956 + 0.000 + 54.956
= 144.886 kN.m
VDL + LL at ULS = V_uls = ULS Load Combination (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7)

= 24.710 + 22.592 + 6.336 + 9.780 + 168.138 + 0.000 + 168.138
= 399.694 kN
VDL + LL at SLS = V_sls = SLS Load Combination (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7)

= 18.720 + 14.083 + 4.800 + 16.137 + 141.095 + 0.000 + 141.095
= 335.929 kN
-------------------------------------------------------------------
STEP 2.3 : Check for Bending Resistance in Transverse Direction
-------------------------------------------------------------------

b = 2400 mm
Cover = 40 mm
h = 205 mm
Bar Nos. = bar_nos = 1000/ Spacing = 2400/125 = 19.200 = 20 nos
d = h – cover – (Bar_dia/2) = 205 – 40 – 10.000 = 155.000 mm
fcu = 50 N/Sq.mm
fy = 500 N/Sq.mm
Maximum Design Bending Moment = 305.060 kNm


= 20 x (3.142 x 20 x 20) / 4
= 6283.185 Sq.mm

= [1 - (1.1 x 500 x 6283.185) / (50 x 1000 x 155) ] x 155
= 126.202 m. < 0.95 x d = 0.95 x 155 = 147.250 m. OK

= 0.87 x 500 x 6283.185 x 126.202/10^6
78
------------------------------------
STEP 2.4 : Check Flexural Cracking
------------------------------------
Breadth of section = b = 2400 mm

Depth of section = h = 205 mm
Reinforcement Cover (Nominal) = Cnom = 55 mm
Reinforcement Cover (Minimum) = Cmin = 40 mm
Reinforcement bars = bar_dia = 16 mm
Spacing = spacing = 150 mm
No of bars = bar_nos = b / spacing = 2400 / 150 = 16.000 = 7 Nos
= 17 x (3.1416 x 20 x 20)/4 = 5340.708 Sq.mm

Effective depth, d = h - Cnom - bar_dia/2 = 205 - 55 - 16/2 = 155 mm
Distance from compression face to point at which crack is calculated, a', = 180 mm
Service Moment = M = 8 kNm
Instantaneous modulus of elasticity = Ec = 36 kN/Sq.mm
Modulus of Elasticity of Steel = Es = 200 kN/Sq.mm
Flexural Crack width aimed for = 0.25 mm
Distance to surface of nearest rebar, a_cr = 73.6 mm
Modular Ratio, = αe = Es x 2 / Ec = 200 x 2 / 36 = 11.111 = (Ec long term = Ec /2)
Bending Moment for Live load = 54.956 kN-m
Bending Moment for Dead Load = 19.937 kN-m
Depth of neutral axis, = dc = - [(αe x As) ± √(((αe x As) x (αe x As)) + (2 x b x αe x As x d))] / b
= - [(11.111 x 5340.708) ± √((11.111 x 5340.708) x (11.111 x 5340.708))
+ (2.000 x 2400.000 x 11.111 x 5340.708 x 137.000))] / 2400.000
= 66.248 mm.
Reinforcement tensile stress = fs = M x 1000 x 1000 / (As x (d - (dc/3)))

= 8.000 x 1000 x 1000 / (5340.708 x (137 - (66.248/3)))
= 13.03485 N / Sq. mm
Flexural Strain = ((a’ - dc) x fs) / ((d - dc) x Es)

= ((180.000 - 66.248) x 13.035) / ((137 - 66.248) x 200.000)
= 0.1048
Thus total strain = e1 = 0.0010

em = e1 - [3.8 x bt x h x (a’ - dc) ] / [ξs x As x (h-dc)] x [1 - (Mq / Mg)] / 1,000,000,000

(but not greater than e1)
= 9.9987E-004
Crack width = Wmax = (3 x acr x em) / [1 + 2 x (acr - cmin) / (h - dc)]
= (3 x 73.600 x 9.999E-004) / [1 + 2 x (73.600 - 40.000) / (205 - 66.248)]
= 0.149 mm < 0.25 mm. OK
-----------------------------------
STEP 2.5 : Shear Calculation
-----------------------------------
(ii) Check for Shear Reinforcement
Max. Shear Force, Vmax.= 399.694 kN
b = 2400 mm
Reinforcement Bar Dia = bar_dia = 16
Bar Nos = bar_nos = 7
= 17 x 3.1416 x 20 x 20 / 4
= 5340.708 Sq.mm

Overall Slab Thickness = h = 205 mm
Effective Depth = d = h - cover - bar_dia/2 = 205 - 40 - 20/2 = 155 mm
fcu = 50 N / Sq.mm
allowable fcu 40 = N / Sq.mm (for shear only)
fyv= 500 N / Sq.mm
79
Provide Reinforcement = 17 Nos. 20 ɸ bars
Area of steel provided, As = 5340.708 Sq.mm

Percentage = 100 x As / (b x d) = 100 x 5340.708 / (1000 x 2400) = 155.000 %
vc = Ultimate shear stress in concrete = 0.824 N / Sq.mm ( BS 5400,table 8)
Shear Stress, v = V / (b x d) = 1.074E-003 N / Sq.mm < ξs x vc = 1.067 N / Sq.mm Hence, OK.
Longitudinal steel for shear fyv = 500 N/Sq.mm

V = Vmax.= 399.694 kN
Asa >= V x 1000 / (2 x 0.87 x fyv)
= 399.694 x 1000 / (2 x 0.87 x 500) = 459.418 Sq.mm
-------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------
STEP 2.6 : Check for Moment of Resistance for longitudinal bending
-------------------------------------------------------------------
b = 1000 mm
Cover = 40 mm
h = 205 mm
Bar Nos. = bar_nos = 1000/ Spacing = 1000/125 = 8.000 = 9 nos
d = h – cover – (Bar_dia/2) = 205 – 40 – 6.000 = 159.000 mm
fcu = 50 N/Sq.mm
fy = 500 N/Sq.mm
Considering the four side simply supported

case with the b=2a
Dispersion width per wheel = 0.591 m
u = v = 0.591 m
a = 0.846 m
b = 1.692 m
β1 = (Refer table-22 from theory of Plates & Sheels, Timoshenko)
u/a = 0.699
v/a = 0.699
Maximum Design Bending Moment = 26.317 kNm

= 9 x (3.142 x 12 x 12) / 4
= 1017.876 Sq.mm

= [1 - (1.1 x 500 x 1017.876) / (50 x 1000 x 159) ] x 159
= 147.803 m. < 0.95 x d = 0.95 x 159 = 151.050 m. OK

= 0.87 x 500 x 1017.876 x 147.803/10^6
80
Refer to Table 8 of BSi 5400 Part 4
Table 8 : BS5400 Part 4
------------------------------
Design Shear Strength of Concrete
((100*As)/bd) __________________Concrete Grade______________________

M 20 M 25 M 30 M 40 and above
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
<=0.15 0.31 0.34 0.36 0.39
0.25 0.37 0.40 0.42 0.47
0.50 0.47 0.50 0.53 0.59
1.00 0.59 0.63 0.67 0.74
2.00 0.74 0.80 0.85 0.93
3.00 0.85 0.91 0.97 1.06
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 9 : BS 5400, Part 4

--------------------------------
Effective depth, d Values
--------------------------------
2000 0.70
1500 0.75
1000 0.85
500 1.00
400 1.05
300 1.15
250 1.20
200 1.25
150 1.35
100 1.50
--------------------------------
--------------------------------
81
END OF DESIGN REPORT
82

PSC I-Girder Bridge Design in BS

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PSC I-Girder Bridge Design in BS

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Structural Design of Pre Stressed Concrete (PSC) I-

Girder Bridges by ASTRA Pro

Launching of Pre-cast I-Girders by cranes

British Standard Design of RCC Deck Slab

1 Casting of PSC beam on casting bed.

REFERENCE CODES LIST

Factors with 20% for loss calculation

Factors without 20% for loss calculation

Factor for Relaxation Loss

OUTER GIRDER AT MIDSPAN

INNER GIRDER AT MIDSPAN

OUTER GIRDER AT SUPPORT

END CROSS GIRDER

2250 600 PROPERTIES COMPOSITE UNIT

Properties of Member 820 to 844

Properties of Member 815 to 819 849 to 849

Properties of Member 810 to 814 850 to 854

Properties of Member 801 to 809 855 to 863

Simply Supported Span

Sec 2-2 At end varying = 5.000 m

Sec 3-3 L/4 = 34.3*0.25 = 8.575 m

Sec 4-4 3L/8 = 34.3*0.375 = 12.863 m

Sec 5-5 L/2 = 34.3*0.5 = 17.150 m

2.5m 3.24t/m 2.43t/m 2.5m 4.05t/m

0.001m 34.30m 0.00m

Support Reaction = 47.80 t

Support Reaction = 26.75 t

With Wet density With Dry density

Support Reaction = 8.58 t

70R WHEEL ONLY

BM SEC. (1-1) 34.22 tm SF(SEC. 1-1) 44.94 t

Maximum SF & corrs. BM

BM SEC. (1-1) 10.35 tm SF(SEC. 1-1) 44.94 t

BM SEC. (1-1) 34.33 tm SF(SEC. 1-1) 45.05 t

Maximum SF & corrs. BM

BM SEC. (1-1) 10.66 tm SF(SEC. 1-1) 45.05 t

BM SEC. (1-1) 34.22 tm SF(SEC. 1-1) 44.90 t

BM SEC. (1-1) 10.34 tm SF(SEC. 1-1) 44.90 t

BM SEC. (1-1) 34.55 tm SF(SEC. 1-1) 45.02 t

Maximum SF & corrs. BM

BM SEC. (1-1) 10.70 tm SF(SEC. 1-1) 45.02 t

BM SEC. (1-1) 34.22 tm SF(SEC. 1-1) 44.90 t

Maximum SF & corrs. BM

BM SEC. (1-1) 10.33 tm SF(SEC. 1-1) 44.90 t

Maximum Bending Moment due to Live load

BM SEC. (1-1) 34.55 tm SF(SEC. 1-1) 45.02 t

BM SEC. (1-1) 34.33 tm SF(SEC. 1-1) 45.05 t

BM & SF DUE TO DECK LOAD ONLY

BM & SF DUE TO SHUTTERING LOAD

BM & SF DUE TO SIDL (WEARING COAT)

BM & SF DUE TO SIDL (CRASH BARRIER)

Impact factor = 1.112

Without Impact With Impact

Maximum Shear force & Corresponding BM

Without Impact With Impact

Comparison Between Total BM & SF of Inner and Outer Girder

Outer Girder Outer Girder

Profile in Elevation Profile in Plan

Cable Profile Results in Elevation Cable Profile Results in Plan

Length of Cable1 30791mm (between Anchorages)

Area of Px diag (tm) 1150.718 810.512 958.118 944.951

Cable1 Drawing Data

Y1(mm) = 1100 p (mm) 1000 Z5 (mm) 0.001

Estimation of Friction Losses in Cable2

Check for Eloss for cable t 23.4 0.5$C$144(ecable/econc21)(nocable2-1)/2acable*ifeloss

Check for Creep loss of Cable t 11.1 (creep21-creep28)ifcreepnocable2acableC190*ecable/1000