Anatomy and Physiology

Chapter 5

This chapter is important to understand as we deal directly with the skin. Make sure you study all
the clinical connections and the disorders listed in this chapter as these are disorders that we often
will see more than any other. Try to keep in mind how massage interacts with the skin and body and
try to decide if massage would be good or bad for these problems.

Integumentary System

1. What is the integumentary system?

a. ________________________________________________
2. What is the function of the integumentary system?
a. ________________________________________________
3. What is the study of the integumentary system called?
a. ________________________________________________

5.1 Structure of the Skin

1. What is the cutaneous membrane?
a. ________________________
2. What is the size of the skin in an average adult?
a. ________________________________________________
3. What is the thickness of the skin?
a. ________________________
4. What are the two main parts of skin?
a. ________________________
b. ________________________
5. What is the subcutaneous layer/hypodermis?
a. ________________________________________________
6. Describe the epidermis tissue:
a. _____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
7. What are the 4 principle types of cells in the epidermis?
a. ________________________
b. ________________________
c. ________________________
d. ________________________
8. What are keratinocytes?
a. ________________________________________________
9. What is keratin?
a. ________________________________________________
10. What are melanocytes?
a. ________________________________________________
11. What is melanin?
a. ________________________________________________
12. What are Langerhans cells?
a. ________________________________________________
13. What do Langerhans cells do?
a. ________________________________________________
14. What are Merkel cells?
a. ________________________________________________
15. What are Merkle disks?
a. ________________________________________________
16. What are the layers of the Epidermis?
a. ________________________
b. ________________________
c. ________________________
d. ________________________
e. ________________________
17. What is the stratum basale?
a. ________________________________________________
18. What is the stratum spinosum?
a. ________________________________________________
19. What is the stratum granulosum?
a. ________________________________________________
20. What are lamellar granules?
a. ________________________________________________
21. What is the stratum lucidum?
a. ________________________________________________
22. What is the stratum corneum?
a. ________________________________________________
23. What is a callus?
a. ________________________________________________
24. What is keratinization?
a. ________________________________________________
25. What is dandruff?
a. ________________________________________________
26. Describe the dermis:
a. _____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
27. What is the papillary region?
a. ________________________________________________
28. Describe the dermal papillae?
a. _____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
29. What is a capillary loop?
a. ________________________
30. What is a Meissner corpuscle?
a. ________________________________________________
31. What is a free nerve ending?
a. ________________________________________________
32. What is extensibility? What is elasticity?
a. ________________________________________________
b. ________________________________________________
33. What are epidermal ridges?
 a. ________________________________________________
34. What is dermatoglyphics?
a. ________________________________________________
35. What are the three most dominant pigments to skin?
a. ________________________
b. ________________________
c. ________________________
36. What are the two types of melanin in skin? And what hues do they produce?
a. ________________________
i. ________________________
b. ________________________
i. ________________________
37. What is a nevus?
a. ________________________
38. What is a major function of melanin?
a. ________________________________________________
39. How does haemoglobin affect skin colour?
a. ________________________________________________
40. What is carotene? How does it affect skin color?
a. ________________________________________________
i. ________________________________________________

5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin

1. What are the accessory structures of the skin?
a. ________________________
b. ________________________
c. ________________________
2. What is hair? What is its function?
a. ________________________________________________
i. ________________________________________________
3. What are the factors that affect the thickness and pattern of distribution of hair?
a. ________________________
b. ________________________
4. What is the shaft of the hair?
a. ________________________________________________
5. What is the root of the hair?
a. ________________________________________________
6. What are the three layers of the hair?
a. ________________________
b. ________________________
 c. ________________________
7. What is medulla of the hair?
a. ________________________________________________
8. What is located in the medulla?
a. ________________________
9. What is the cortex of the hair?
a. ________________________________________________
10. What is the cuticle of the hair?
a. ________________________________________________
11. What is the hair follicle?
a. ________________________________________________
12. What is the epithelial root sheath?
a. ________________________________________________
13. What is the dermal root sheath?
a. ________________________
14. What is the papilla of the hair?
a. ________________________________________________
15. What is the hair matrix?
a. ________________________________________________
16. What are the arrector pili?
a. ________________________________________________
17. What is the hair root plexus?
a. ________________________________________________
18. What are the three stages of hair growth? What happens in each stage?
a. ________________________
i. ________________________
b. ________________________
i. ________________________
c. ________________________
i. ________________________
19. What is the length of each of the stages of scalp hair?
a. ________________________
b. ________________________
c. ________________________
20. How many hairs should you assume you lose each day?
a. ________________________
21. What are some of the other things that can alter the cycle of hair?
a. ________________________
b. ________________________
c. ________________________
d. ________________________
e. ________________________
f. ________________________
 g. ________________________
h. ________________________
i. ________________________
22. What is alopecia?
a. ________________________________________________
23. What are lanugo, terminal hairs and vellus hairs?
a. ________________________
b. ________________________
c. ________________________
24. What causes hair colour?
a. ________________________
25. What is the type of melanin for each type of hair?
a. ________________________
b. ________________________
26. What causes the greying of hair? What causes white hair?
a. ________________________________________________
b. ________________________________________________
27. What are skin glands? What are they called?
a. ________________________________________________
i. ________________________
ii. ________________________
iii. ________________________
28. What are mammary glands?
a. ________________________________________________
29. What are sebaceous glands?
a. ________________________________________________
30. What is the substance secreted by sebaceous glands?
a. ________________________
31. What are sudoriferous glands?
a. ________________________________________________
32. What are the two types of sudoriferous glands? What are their functions?
a. ________________________
i. ________________________________________________
b. ________________________
i. ________________________________________________
33. What are the two types of perspiration?
a. ________________________
b. ________________________
34. What is special about the apocrine glands?
a. ________________________________________________
35. What are the ceruminous glands?
a. ________________________________________________
36. What are nails?
a. ________________________________________________
37. What are the parts of a nail?
a. ________________________
b. ________________________
c. ________________________
 38. What is the lunula?
a. ________________________________________________
39. What are the hyponychium and eponychium?
a. ________________________________________________
b. ________________________________________________
40. What is the cuticle?
a. ________________________________________________
41. What is the nail matrix?
a. ________________________________________________
42. What are the three functions of the nails?
a. ________________________
b. ________________________
c. ________________________

5.3 Types of skin

1. What are the two types of skin?
a. ________________________
b. ________________________

5.4 Functions of skin?

1. What are the functions of skin?
a. ________________________
b. ________________________
c. ________________________
d. ________________________
e. ________________________
f. ________________________
2. What is thermoregulation?
a. ________________________________________________
3. How much blood does the dermis store?
a. ________________________
4. How does the skin provide protection?
a. _____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
5. What are cutaneous sensations?
a. ________________________________________________
6. What does the skin excrete and absorb?
a. _____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
7. What types of substances can pass the skin barrier?
a. ________________________
b. ________________________
c. ________________________
8. How does vitamin D synthesis occur?
a. _____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
5.5 Maintaining homeostasis: skin wound healing.
1. Describe the process of epidermal wound healing:
a. _____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
2. Describe the process of deep wound healing:
a. _____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
3. What is the formation of scar tissue called?
a. ________________________
4. What is a hypertrophic scar? What is a keloid scar?
a. ________________________________________________
b. ________________________________________________

5.6 Doesn’t really apply to us but understanding it very, very superficially can help understand
something later in the advanced work, but we will watch a video then that will explain it all.

5.7 Aging and the integumentary system.

1. What are some of the effects of aging on the skin?

a. _____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
2. What are some of the methods discussed as anti aging treatments?
a. ________________________
b. ________________________
c. ________________________
d. ________________________
e. ________________________
f. ________________________
g. ________________________
h. ________________________
i. ________________________