SURVEY REPORT

ON THE
PREVALENCE OF
CHILD LABOUR
PREPARED BY:
Lipsha sahoo

YEAR-2010

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Contents
• INTRODUCTION:-

• CHILDREN ENGAGED:-

• AGE GROUP OF CHILDREN ENGAGED:

• EDUCATIONAL STATUS OF CHILDREN:

• WAGE STATUS:

• WORKING HOURS:

• HEALTH AND OTHER FACILITIES:

• PUBLIC OPINION:

• CAUSES OF CHILD LABOUR:

• SUGGESTIONS:

• BIBLIOGRAPHY

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CERTIFICATE
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THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE PROJECT

ENTITLED “THE PREVALENCE OF CHILD LABOUR
” HAS BEEN SUBMITTED BY LIPSHA SAHOO
UNDER MY GUIDANCE IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT
OF THE PROJECT WORK IN 1ST YR. OF +2
SCIENCE OF KIIT SCIENCE COLLEGE,
BHUBANESWAR DURING THE ACADEMIC YEAR
2009-2011.

PLACE: BHUBANESWAR

DATE:

SIGNATURE OF GUIDE

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
At the prime outset, I am privileged to
acknowledged ___________________________,
Lecturer of KIIT Science college for her
encouragement and guidance, which enable me
to finish this study properly, I am greatly
indebted & obliged to him for permitting to
undertake this study.

I am highly obliged to the HOD and all

faculty members of the Science Department for
their advice and suggestions to my project
work.

My sincere thanks to all my friends, whose

thoughts and insights help me in furnishing my
knowledge and understanding of this project.

At last my sincere thanks to my parents to

have backing support me on my way.

Lipsha Sahoo
Roll No-189

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INTRODUCTION:-

• The term Child Labor is used for employment of children

below a certain age, which is considered illegal by law and
custom. The stipulated age varies from country to country
and government to government. Child labor is a world
phenomenon which is considered exploitative and
inhuman by many international organizations.

• Child workers are engaged primarily in agriculture and

allied activities in rural areas and in a variety of industries
and informal sector activities in the urban areas. The most
exploitative form of child labor includes child prostitution
and forced and bonded labor, which is found in some parts
of the country. The situation of girl child laborers in the
country would call for particular attention.

• Child labor has emerged as an increasingly important

issue, reflecting heightened sensitivity to problems at all
levels. The Constitution of India and successive
governments have targeted its elimination and promoted
universalisation of education.

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Recently (in the year 2007) a fresh child labor survey has
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been conducted in Cuttack district through the State Labor
Institute, Bhubaneswar. As per the said survey report
14,509 child labor have been detected in the district. Out
of which 3,203 are under hazardous sector ,6,280 are
under non-hazardous sector and 5,026 are under No
Where children category

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 CHILDREN ENGAGED:-
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AS DOMESTIC HELP:

• Child domestic labor (CDL) is culturally accepted and

widely prevalent in India. The classification of CDL applies
to children who are engaged to perform domestic tasks in
the home of a third party or employer and not their family.

•
• Based on the 2001 censusAn estimated 185,595 children
are employed as domestic help and in dhabas (small
roadside eateries).
• In actual fact, a majority of domestic working children
work long hours for low wages and are exploited and
abused physically and mentally.

• As defined in the International Labour Organization (ILO)

Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention (No. 182), 1999,
where child domestic labour is exploitative and includes
trafficking, slavery, or practices similar to slavery, or work
which, by its nature or the circumstances in which it is
carried out, is hazardous and likely to harm the health,

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safety, or morals of the child, it constitutes a
worst form of child labour.

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AS WORKERS IN DIFFERENT FARMS:

• Children work in agricultural farms and lands or are
engaged in conventional industrial occupations. Andhra
Pradesh has the largest number of 17 lakhs children as
per the 1991 census. The other States having more
than 10 lakh working children are Madhya Pradesh,
Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh. More than 90 per cent
of these children are engaged in rural sectors, i.e.,
agriculture and its allied activities like harvesting,
farming, animal husbandary, forestry and fishing.
Presently, the child laborers are concentrated mainly in
Sivakasi ,Tamil Nadu(matches and fireworks industries),
in Uttar Pradesh, Firozabad, (glass industry), Khurja
(pottery), Mirzapur-Bhadohi (carpet).

SEEMA ENGAGED IN ENGAGED

IN

COTTON SEED FARM DAIRY

FARM

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Seema is barely nine-year-old but from morning till evening she is engaged in the
fields of a cotton seed farm that process high tech cotton seeds genetically
engineered to contain a natural pesticide. To get the seeds to breed true, the farmers have to
cross-pollinate the plants, a laborious task that keeps a peak of a dozen workers busy for several
2010months on just one acre. And to make a profit, the farmers have to use cheap labor.
YEAR-

IN COMMERCIAL ESTABLISSHMENT:
• Based on the 2001 census, 49,893 children work in
auto-repair workshops.

• An estimated 85,595 children are employed as in

dhabas (small roadside eateries).

IN MANIFACTURING UNIT:

• For more than seven decades, thousands of children

have been working in the match factories at Sivakasi in
Tamil Nadu. The total labor force in this industry is
estimated to be 200,000, with about 35 percent being

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children. Some of these children are bonded
child laborers. Factory owners send their vehicles to
collect these children from villages. Many of them start
their day as early as 4 a.m. and some even work until
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10 p.m. At times they are made to work for 14 hours a
day for a few more rupees on their wages; observers
state that they work even during national holidays.
Children are generally paid on a piece-rate basis.
Payment for a piece is very low and thus they are
indirectly forced to work faster and longer.

IN HAZARDOUS MATERIALS:
• Based on the 2001 census, 252,000 children are
engaged in beedi manufacturing and 208,833 in the
construction sector.

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• Children who are engaged in different
hazardous work are affected by severe health hazards
such as gem polishing industry are exposed to finger injuries
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 AGE GROUP OF CHILDREN ENGAGED:

• As per 2001 census, most of the child of age group 5-10
years is engaged in commercial establishments like
dhabas, auto vehicle repairing centres. These places
children are severely punished for a small mistake
committed by them.

• In house hold purpose in 5-10 years children are

engaged vastly.

• After 10 years children are engaged in different

manufacturing units as daily labourer.

• A wide range of children between 7-12 years are

employed in different hazardous materials.

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2010  Educational status of children:

YEAR-
• Few children of child labour group can get their study
hardly up to primary level.

• Almost 90% of children of child labourer cannot start

their study also.

• The pie chart given below can easily describes the

educational position of child labour :

EDUCATIONALSTATUSOFCHILD LABOUR
2%1% NO SCHOOLING

12%
STARTED BUT NOT
20% COMPLITED PRIMARY
LVEL
65%
COMLITED PRIMARY
LEVEL

STARTED BUT NOT

COMPLITED
SECONDARY LEVEL

 Wage status:
• All children working as domestic help, they get their
wage as food and shelter in sahib’s custody.

• The children working in different farms, commercial

establishments they get their wage as daily basis but

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the wage is very low as compared to the work
that has been drawn from them.

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• They, who are engaged in household purpose, are given
their wages in monthly basis. But in some places their
wages are cut down by showing different types of
injudicious reasons.

• As a whole the wages which are given towards child

labour are not satisfactory as compared to the work the
labourers <child> given.

 Working Hours:
• In household help i.e. as a slaver the children engaged
are working for their master for 24 hours. There no time
limitations for the working period of child.

• Similar case is found in case of child labour at dhabas,

auto repair work shops etc.

• In manufacturing unit the child labourers have a fixed

time between which they have to complete a given
amount of work.

• In agricultural and allied agricultural sector child labourers

are worked for day time only and sometimes they are
working for half of the day.

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 Health and other facilities:

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• Health facilities for the child labourer are very poor for in
continued society.

• Normal standard of health facilities are also not given to

the children.

• But in manufacturing accidental hospitality will be given

to the child workers.

• In some factories like beedi factory, cotton factory the

child workers are faces some terrible health hazards
which are causing death some times.

 Public opinion:

• Public opinion poll says that 98% vote goes to

abolishment of child labour as it is shame tradition for
any country but, in INDIA the inhuman child labour is still
branching itself day by day due to some selfish and rude
people.

 Causes of child labour:

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• 90% of the total reason goes to the poor
financial condition of family, which enforces children to
mix up with the stream of child labour.
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• In Orissa different natural calamities created much more

numbers of orphans, who are not get a piece of cloth
also ,which provides much more scope to the child
labour hackers.

 Suggestions:

• If Government created some NGO who will take the

responsibilities of the natural calamity affected
children and provide some funds for their
developments then it will create a negative
acceleration to the child labour.

• If the law on child labours are implemented tightly

then it also provides some relaxation to the strain
like child labour.

• Provide regular information on the enrolment and

retention in schools of released children.

• Monitor child labor trends through the identification

of variables and parameters affecting child

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vulnerability to economic exploitation
and strengthen the link between child labor
prevention and education strategies.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. RURAL LABOUR ENQUIRY REPORT ON GENERAL
CHARACTERISTICS OF RURAL LABOUR HOUSEHOLDS(55th Round of
N.S.S.) 1999-2000
2. 2007 Annual Report for ACT/EMP’s Child Labour Project

INTERNET RESOURCES

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