Dlds Report

Lakireddy Balireddy College Of Engineering 2019
A
MINIPROJECT
ON
Drainage Level Detecting System
Submitted by
Ch.Sai Sudha Sri(17761A1205)
Ch.Laya(17761A1207)
B.Rama Devi(17761A1203)
Under the Esteemed Guidance of
Mrs.K.Anu Priya Assistant Proffesor
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
LAKIREDDY BALIREDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
(Autonomous)
(Affiliated to JNTU Kakinada & Approved by AICTE, NEWDELHI NAAC with ‘B++’ grade
and NBA tier-I & Certified by ISO 9001:2015)
L.B.REDDY NAGAR, MYLAVARAM - 521 230
2018-2019
1
LAKIREDDY BALIREDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
(Autonomous)
(Affiliated to JNTU Kakinada & Approved by AICTE, NEWDELHI NAAC with ‘B++’ grade
and NBA tier- I & Certified by ISO 9001:2015)
L.B.REDDY NAGAR, MYLAVARAM - 521 230
CERTIFICATE
This is certificate that Mini Project work entitled “Drainage Level Detecting System” that is
being submitted for the partial fulfilment of IV-SEM B.Tech in Information Technology to
LakiReddy Balireddy College Of Engineering by Ch.Sai Sudha Sri,Ch.Laya,B.Rama Devi
during the Academic Year 2018-2019 and it has been found worthy of acceptance according to
the requirement of university.
Project Coordinator Head of the Department
Mrs.K.Anu Priya Dr.B.Srinivasa Rao
Assistant Professor Professor
Department of IT.
2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Behind every achievement lies an unfathomable sea of gratitude to those who activated it,
without whom it would ever have been in existence. To them we lay the words of gratitude
imprinted with us.
It is with utmost pleasure that I avail this opportunity to express heart full gratitude to my
beloved guide Mrs.K.Anu PriyaAsst.Prof, Information Technology for her mastery supervision
through all the phases of my main project work with valuable suggestions and support. Her
friendly and informal talks helped me to work under excellent working conditions.
We highly oblige to Dr. B.Srinivasa Rao, Head of Information Technology for his support and
encouragement.
We express my special gratitude to Dr.K.AppaRao, Principal of LakiReddy BaliReddy

College of Engineering, who made this endeavour possible. I would also thank all the teaching
and non- teaching staff members of Informational Technology department who have extended
their full cooperation.
Finally, a word of gratitude to my Parents who have be a constant source of encouragement and
love.
Submitted By
Ch.Sai Sudha Sri
Ch.Laya
B.Rama Devi
3
DECLARATION
We hereby declare that the Mini project report entitled "DRIANAGE LEVEL DETECTING
SYSTEM” is submitted to LBRCE is partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the
degree of bachelor of technology (B.Tech) is an original work carried out by us.
The matter embodied in this seminar report is a genuine work by the students and has not been
submitted earlier to this university or any other university for award of any degree or diploma or
prize.
Submitted By
Ch.Sai Sudha Sri
Ch.Laya
B.Rama Devi
4
INDEX
CONTENTS PAGE NO
1.Abstract 7
2.Introduction 8-9
3.Literature Survey 10-11
4.System Analysis 12-13
3.1 Existing System
3.2 Proposed System
5.Block Diagrams 14-16
5.1 Function Block Diagram
5.2 Block Diagram of IoT
6.Requirement Analysis 17-20
6.1 Hardware Requirements
6.1.1 Arduino UNO Processor
6.1.2 Ultrasonic Sensor
6.1.3 Gas Sensor
6.2 Software Requirements
7.Working 21-22
8.Source Code 23-24
9.Conclusion 25
5
10.Bibiolography 26
6
1.ABSTRACT
For making a smart city one needs to consider many parameters such as smart water, smart
electricity, smart transportation etc. There will be a need of smart underground infrastructure
which includes underground water pipelines, communication cables, gas pipelines, electric
flow, et. As most of the cities in India have adopted underground drainage system, it is very
important that this system should work in a proper manner to keep the city clean, safe and
healthy. If they fail to maintain the drainage system the pure water may get contaminated
with drainage water and can spread infectious diseases. So different kind of work has been
done to detect, maintain and manage these underground systems. Also, leaks and bursts are
unavoidable aspects of water distribution system management and can account for significant
water loss within a distribution network if left undetected for long period. A common
problem that we are facing in our home and the public places is drainage lekage. Though it is
a common problem we don’t have solution to solve it. Many Sewers are subjected to disturb
the normal human life even to death due to gas poisoning while cleaning the manholes. To
overcome these problems , our idea helps in detecting the level of sewage wastes and toxic
gases present in the drainage. Tank using ULTRASONIC SENSOR and GAS DETECTOR
respectively and passing the message to the concerned person through GSM ,thus preventing
drainage leakage and gas poisoning to a great extent.
7
2.INTRODUCTION
Sewage or household wastewater is a type of waste water which is produced by a group
of people. It is specified by volume, physical condition, and the chemical and toxic constituents
present. It consists of mostly grey water from sinks, tubs, showers and black water which is used
to flush toilets, combined with the human waste that it flushes soaps and detergents. Sewage
usually moves from the plumbing area of a building into a sewer, which carries it into an onsite
sewage facility of which there are many kinds depending on the sewer design (sanitary sewer or
combined sewer). The reality is that most wastewater produced globally remains untreated
causing widespread water pollution, especially in low-income countrie. A global approximate by
UNDP and UN-Habitat is that 90% of all wastewater generated is released into the environment
untreated. In many developing countries the volume of domestic and industrial wastewater is
frequently discharged lacking any treatment or seldom after primary treatment.
Sewage is a multifaceted mixture of chemicals, with many distinctive chemical

characteristics. These include high concentrations of ammonium, nitrate, phosphorus, high
conductivity (due to high dissolved solids), high alkalinity, with pH typically ranging between 7
and 8. The organic matter of sewage is measured by determining its biological oxygen demand
(BOD) or the chemical oxygen demand (COD) .Sewage contains pathogenic organisms which
transmit disease to humans and animals. They also contain organic matter that causes bad odor
and easily attract the flies .In cities where drainage and sanitation are poor, water runs over the
ground during rainstorms and contaminates water sources. This contributes very much to the
spread of diseases such as typhoid and cholera, and may increase the likelihood of contracting
worm infections from soil contamination. Flooding itself may displace populations and lead to
further health problems. This stagnant water contains many chemicals and hazardous bacteria
that give rise to much air born disease. The odours of this stagnant sewage on streets are
unbearable. Few main reasons behind the issue are irregular maintenance of the underground
drainage system, improper replies and actions towards the complaints on the issue. No proper
action is being taken towards the complaints on overflow of sewage on to the streets and no
proper monitoring is done on the municipal workers. Drainage conditions should be monitored in
order to ensure its proper functioning. Not all areas have drainage proper monitoring teams
which leads to irregular monitoring of the drainage condition that has a vast contribution on the
8
clogging of the drainage that imply to the siltation which trigger flooding in the neighborhood.
Manual monitoring is also ineffective. It needs a lot of dedicated persons who are only able to
record limited report with low accuracy. These weaknesses lead to the slow handling for
problems in drainage. To overcome such a complication an IoT based sewage level maintenance
system is proposed, where the system uses a magnetic float sensor to detect and an Iot module to
communicate. The maximum and minimum set level for the underground drainage system is set
and it is being monitored by a magnetic float level sensor. This level sensor keeps tracking the
level of the sewage and passes information on regarding to the municipal department, to the
corporation and other governing departments via MAILS or SMS. The complaints will be auto
launched prior to the overflow as soon as the level reaches the maximum set. The complaints
would me registered repeatedly by the mechanism until the level reaches the minimum set. The
entire system is controlled using a ARDUINO processor.
9
3. LITERATURE SURVEY
A system of sewer pipes collectively called sewers, collects the sewage and takes it for
further treatment or disposal. Properly functioning septic tanks require emptying every 2–5 years
depending on the load of the system. An underground sewage system was designed where all the
waste from the home and industrial waste water are collected together and driven together.
Sewage overflow on roads is a major problem in cities, where large numbers of complaints are
launched and no actions are being taken. A sewage level monitoring system was developed
where paper discuss about the design of drainage systems intended to monitor conditions at
several points in drainage system using wireless sensor networks. Some sensor nodes are
deployed at several determined points tobe connected with each other. The recorded data will be
stored into a database that is visualized by Geographical Information System (GIS). The
monitoring parameters are water levels in drainage, water discharge and rainfall conditions
around the drainage area. This system is expected to monitor the drainage conditions real time
continuously, and to store the Sewage Level Maintenance using IoT. The presenting data through
GIS is expected to be a reference for determining drainage master plan in an area. Recent studies
proved that storm water coagulate into sewer system and causes sewer overflow problems, for
which Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) is used in a study for simulating rainfall
driven flow in a sewer system that could cause overflow in sewer networks. The simulation is
carried out in a residential area where storm water network is not fully developed. The report
says that severe rainfall causes sewer overflow and surface inundation in the area. A number of
actions have been proposed which includes capacity upgrading of sewer system, decline of
discharge peak and reduction of exfiltration as a counter measure to solve this problem .In many
places sewer level detection is being carried to detect the level of the fluid in advance to
overflow problems. In recent years Japan has often experienced unexpected intense rain due to
the development of cumulonimbus clouds; these are frequently occurring torrential downpours.
According to the Meteorological Agency, in 2014 short period heavy rainfall exceeding 50
millimeters per hour occurred 237 times (at 1,000 observation points). The long-term statistics
from 1976 clearly shows this as an increasing trend . Due to relentless downpours, drinage
systems have overflowed and numerous instances of flood damage have been experienced
mainly in cities. Equipping manholes in sewer line infrastructures with sensors can measure
water levels and accurately detect early signs of overflow. However, the operating cost for each
10
sensor is expensive, making it difficult to install sensors across a wide area. For this reason the
number of sensors installed needs to be minimized. However, the effective installation of sensors
was largely dependent on intuition and experience of the workers and now "there are growing
expectations on ICT” to achieve this.
11
4. SYSTEM ANALYSIS
4.1 Existing System
For making a smart city one needs to consider many parameters such as smart water, smart
electricity,smart transportation etc.There will be a need of smart underground infrastructure
which includes underground waterpipelines, communication cables, gas pipelines,electric flow
etc. As most of the cities in India have adopted underground drainage system, it is very important
that this system should work in a proper manner to keep the city clean,safe and healthy.For the
proper drainage system we have Some different kind of work has been done to detect,maintain
and manage these underground systems. If the drainage maintenance is not proper it causes
thefollowing problems:
 Traffic may get jammed

 Infectious diseases may get spread
 There is a chance of occurrence of accidents.
 Large chance of pure water contamination.
4.2 Proposed System
In the method proposed, development of IoT based drinage level detecting system is
designed, where the sewage level is monitored using a magnetic float level sensor. The minimum
and maximum levels are set and the level sensor keeps on monitoring the level of the sewage. As
the level reaches the maximum set point, the float level sensor detects and send the signal to the
controller where the controller commands the IoT network to generate alert complaints to the
municipal and corporation departments in prior to overflow. The complaints will be repeatedly
registered until the level reaches the minimum set. The communication is done based on IoT
where the complaints are auto registered via mails or sms and the entire system is controlled
using a ARDUINO microcontroller .
12
The advantages of proposed system are:
 low cost
 low maintenance
 Fast deployment
 long life-time
 high quality of service
 Easy implementation
13
5.BLOCK DIAGRAMS
5.1 Function Block diagram
The function block diagram describes the monitoring of sewage level in the
underground sewage system. The sewage being disposed form domestic and industrial
sites are together passed on to a drainage system. During the cases of any blockage in the
pipe lines or during the affect of storm water, level of the sewage increases. This continues
increase in sewage level causes overflow which is to be controlled. This increase in level
of sewage is monitored using a ultrasonic sensor. The signal form the ultrasonic sensor is
fed to the micro controller where the controller commands the IoT module to alarm
complaints via mails and sms. The controller is programmed such that the complaint
alarms would be triggered repeatedly unless the level reaches the minimum set.
5.2 Block Diagram of IoT
IoT, or the Internet of Things, can be simply briefed as a network of small, low-cost,
low- power, electronic devices where sensing data and communicating information
14
occur without direct human intervention. Each device serves as a “smart node” in the
network by sensing information and performing low-level signal processing to filter
signals from noise and to lessen the bandwidth required for node-to-node interactions.
The nodes need to communicate with a centralized “cloud” in a secure manner to
protect, store and process data, and bounce actionable information down to humans. The
technology deals with six major fields. The play a vital role from connecting devices to
human value. The device plays vital role in connectivity, data sensing, data transport
and access. Data analytics, value defined by action and finally human values,
applications and experiences.
Internet of things is a structure that which is used to interconnect computing devices,

machines, objects, animals or peoples that are provided with unique identifiers and their
capability to transmit data over a network without human– to-human interaction or even
human –to– computer interaction . The internet service is the fundamental system linked
to the local user, router/hub and the cloud. The signal is transferred to the IoT module
15
where the local user and the router interact and pass on the message to the early fed
inputs.
16
6.REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS
The working of a ultrasonic sensor is to open or close the circuit as the level rises or goes
down. Usually the circuits are not “normally closed” condition, which means that two wires
come from top of the switch complete the circuit when the float is atits lower level (i.e.,
resting at dry level). The drainage level detecting system consists of various stages which
include design of sensor, design of communication units, design of database and micro
controller.
6.1 Hardware Requirements

6.1.1 Arduino UNO Processor:
The Arduino UNO is an open-source microcontroller board based on the Microchip
ATmega328P microcontroller and developed by Arduino.cc. The board is equipped with
sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to various
expansion boards (shields) and other circuits. The board has 14 Digital pins, 6 Analog
pins, and programmable with the Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment) via
a type B USB cable. It can be powered by a USB cable or by an external 9 volt battery,
though it accepts voltages between 7 and 20 volts. It is also similar to the Arduino Nano
and Leonardo. The hardware reference design is distributed under a Creative Commons
Attribution Share-Alike 2.5 license and is available on the Arduino website. Layout and
production files for some versions of the hardware are also available. "Uno" means one in
Italian and was chosen to mark the release of Arduino Software (IDE) 1.0. The Uno board
and version 1.0 of Arduino Software (IDE) were the reference versions of Arduino, now
evolved to newer releases. The Uno board is the first in a series of USB Arduino boards,
and the reference model for the Arduino platform. The ATmega328 on the Arduino Uno
comes preprogrammed with a bootloader that allows uploading new code to it without the
use of an external hardware programmer. It communicates using the original STK500
protocol. The Uno also differs from all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI
USB-to-serial driver chip. Instead, it uses the Atmega16U2 (Atmega8U2 up to version R2)
programmed as a USB-to-serial converter.
17
6.1.2 Ultrasonic Sensor:

The HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor uses SONAR to determine the distance of an object just like the
bats do. It offers excellent non-contact range detection with high accuracy and stable readings in
an easy-to-use package from 2 cm to 400 cm or 1” to 13 feet.
The operation is not affected by sunlight or black material, although acoustically, soft materials
like cloth can be difficult to detect. It comes complete with ultrasonic transmitter and receiver
module.
6.1.3 Gas Sensor
18
A gas detector is a device that detects the presence of gases in an area, often as part of a safety
system. This type of equipment is used to detect a gas leak or other emissions and can interface
with a control system so a process can be automatically shut down. A gas detector can sound an
alarm to operators in the area where the leak is occurring, giving them the opportunity to leave.
This type of device is important because there are many gases that can be harmful to organic life,
such as humans or animals.
Gas detectors can be used to detect combustible, flammable and toxic gases,
and oxygen depletion. This type of device is used widely in industry and can be found in
locations, such as on oil rigs, to monitor manufacture processes and emerging technologies such
as photovoltaic. They may be used in firefighting.
6.2 Software Reqirements
Software requirements definition is an abstract description of the services, that the system
should provide, and constraints under which the system must operate. Only the superficial
behavior of the system should be specified and is not concerned with system design
characteristics.
Operating system: WINDOWS IDE: XRDP
Coding Software: Arduino software
19
7.WORKING
Underground Drainage involves sewerage system, gas pipeline network, water pipeline, and
manholes.It provides a system which is able to monitor the water level, atmospheric temperature,
water flow and toxic gasses. If drainage system gets blocked and water overflows it can be
identified by the sensor system.The working of drainage level detecting system provides a
easiest way to detect the level of the drainage and also the toxic gases present in the drainage.The
main devices are Arduino UNO,Ultrasonic sensor and Gas sensor.The ultrasonic sensor is used
to detect the level of the drainage and the gas sensor is used to detect the poisonous gases
present.These 2 sensors are connect to the arduino uno.The Wifi modulo is used to send the
messages to the given mobile number when the sensors are activated.We used to install arudino
software in our system.The code for ultrasonic sensor and gas sensor are written and we connect
through a usb cable to the system.We have to install the code in the arduino .when the drainage
level raises more than the threshold value then the maintainance worker receives a message and
also if there is any raise in the toxic gases more than the given value then also he receives the
message and he immediately takes action about that.This decreases the heavy water
contamination,traffic jams,water born diseases,etc.
20
21
8.SOURCE CODE
Source code for ultrasonic sensor:

// this constant won't change. It's the pin number
// of the sensor output:
const int pingPin = 7;
#include <GSM.h>
#define PINNUMBER ""
// initialize the library instance

GSM gsmAccess;
GSM_SMS sms;
void setup()
{
// initialize serial communication:
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop()
{
// establish variables for duration of the ping,
// and the distance result in and centimeters:
long duration, cm;
delay(2000); //duraton between pulses
// The signal is triggered by a HIGH pulse of 2 or more microseconds.

// Give a short LOW pulse beforehand to ensure a clean HIGH pulse:
pinMode(pingPin, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(pingPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(pingPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(5);
digitalWrite(pingPin, LOW);
// The same pin is used to read the signal from the output signal, a HIGH
// pulse whose duration is the time (in microseconds) from the sending
// of the signal to the reception of its echo off of an object.
pinMode(pingPin, INPUT);
duration = pulseIn(pingPin, HIGH);
// convert the time into a distance

cm = microsecondsToCentimeters(duration);
if (cm >= 15)

{
char *phoneNumber = "****"; // telephone number to send sms
22
// sms text
char *messageToSend = "Woohoo";
sms.beginSMS(phoneNumber);
sms.print(messageToSend);
sms.endSMS();
Serial.print(cm);
Serial.print("cm");
Serial.println();
delay(100);
long microsecondsToCentimeters(long microseconds)

{
// The speed of sound is 340 m/s or 29 microseconds per centimeter.
// The signal travels out and back, so to find the distance of the
// object we take half of the distance travelled.
return microseconds / 29 / 2;
Source code for Gas sensor:

int redLed = 12;
int greenLed = 11;
int buzzer = 10;
int smokeA0 = A5;
// Your threshold value
int sensorThres = 400;
void setup() {
pinMode(redLed, OUTPUT);
pinMode(greenLed, OUTPUT);
pinMode(buzzer, OUTPUT);
pinMode(smokeA0, INPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop() {
int analogSensor = analogRead(smokeA0);
Serial.print("Pin A0: ");

Serial.println(analogSensor);
// Checks if it has reached the threshold value
if (analogSensor > sensorThres)
{
digitalWrite(redLed, HIGH);
digitalWrite(greenLed, LOW);
23
tone(buzzer, 1000, 200);

}
else
{
digitalWrite(redLed, LOW);
digitalWrite(greenLed, HIGH);
noTone(buzzer);
}
delay(100);
}
24
9.CONCLUSION
A precautionary system avoids or eliminates the issue of drainage overflow on
roads which is being a major problem in many cities. The sensors are efficiently used and
system is designed in a social relevant idea thus to create an impact on hygiene and
cleanliness by simply avoiding the problem of overflow on streets and also to ensure
compulsory cleaning of blockage which causes the increase the sewage level by registering
repeated complaints to random departments unless action is taken.
25
10.BIBILIOGRAPHY
 www.google.co.in
 www.hackster.in
 www.iaeme.com
 Kolsky P, “Storm drainage an intermediate guide to the low-cost evaluation of system
performance”, Intermediate Technology Publications, London ,1998.
 PillaiSC & Subrahmanyan, “Role of Protozoa in the Aerobic Purification of Sewages”,
Nature International Journal of Science, vol. 154, pp. 179-180, 1944.
 Karyne M & RogersMarine, “Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope signatures indicate
recovery of marine biota from sewage pollution at Moa Point, New Zealand “, Pollution
Bulletin, Elsevier Journal, Volume 46, Issue 7, July 2003, PP 821-827.
 Wahyuni, Yusmar Palapa Wijaya, Dini Nurmalasari & Politeknik Caltex Riau, “Design
of Wireless Sensor Network for Drainage Monitoring System”, Tri Innovative Systems
Design and Engineering, vol.5, no.5, 2014.
 Hussein A. Obaid , Shamsuddin Shahid, K.N. Basim & Chelliapan Shreeshivadasan ,

Modeling Sewage Overflow in an Urban Residential Area using Storm Water
Management Model”, Malaysian Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 26, no. 2, pp.163-171,
2014.
26

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Lakireddy Balireddy College Of Engineering 2019

Under the Esteemed Guidance of

Mrs.K.Anu Priya Assistant Proffesor

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

LAKIREDDY BALIREDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

L.B.REDDY NAGAR, MYLAVARAM - 521 230

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

LAKIREDDY BALIREDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

L.B.REDDY NAGAR, MYLAVARAM - 521 230

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Project Coordinator Head of the Department

Mrs.K.Anu Priya Dr.B.Srinivasa Rao

Assistant Professor Professor

We express my special gratitude to Dr.K.AppaRao, Principal of LakiReddy BaliReddy

Ch.Sai Sudha Sri

Ch.Sai Sudha Sri

3.Literature Survey 10-11

4.System Analysis 12-13

3.1 Existing System

3.2 Proposed System

5.Block Diagrams 14-16

5.1 Function Block Diagram

5.2 Block Diagram of IoT

6.Requirement Analysis 17-20

6.1 Hardware Requirements

6.1.1 Arduino UNO Processor

6.1.2 Ultrasonic Sensor

6.1.3 Gas Sensor

6.2 Software Requirements

8.Source Code 23-24

drainage leakage and gas poisoning to a great extent.

Sewage is a multifaceted mixture of chemicals, with many distinctive chemical

4.1 Existing System

 Traffic may get jammed

4.2 Proposed System

The advantages of proposed system are:

5.1 Function Block diagram

5.2 Block Diagram of IoT

Internet of things is a structure that which is used to interconnect computing devices,

6.1 Hardware Requirements

6.1.2 Ultrasonic Sensor:

6.1.3 Gas Sensor

6.2 Software Reqirements

Source code for ultrasonic sensor:

#define PINNUMBER ""

// initialize the library instance

delay(2000); //duraton between pulses

// The signal is triggered by a HIGH pulse of 2 or more microseconds.

// convert the time into a distance

if (cm >= 15)

char *phoneNumber = "****"; // telephone number to send sms

long microsecondsToCentimeters(long microseconds)

Source code for Gas sensor:

Serial.print("Pin A0: ");

tone(buzzer, 1000, 200);

A precautionary system avoids or eliminates the issue of drainage overflow on

repeated complaints to random departments unless action is taken.

 Kolsky P, “Storm drainage an intermediate guide to the low-cost evaluation of system

performance”, Intermediate Technology Publications, London ,1998.

 PillaiSC & Subrahmanyan, “Role of Protozoa in the Aerobic Purification of Sewages”,

Nature International Journal of Science, vol. 154, pp. 179-180, 1944.

Bulletin, Elsevier Journal, Volume 46, Issue 7, July 2003, PP 821-827.

Design and Engineering, vol.5, no.5, 2014.

 Hussein A. Obaid , Shamsuddin Shahid, K.N. Basim & Chelliapan Shreeshivadasan ,