S.

G synchronization

Made by : Ahmed Abd Elaziz Sayed .

Sec : 1. Group: A .

To: E/ Khaled .

Marks :
10
Objective:

1- Understand the synchronization condition to connect S.G to infinite bus .

2- Use three lamp method for synchronizing process.
3- Use two analog voltammeter method for synchronizing process.

The operation of connecting an alternator in parallel with another alternator or with common
bus-bars is known as synchronizing. Generally, alternators are used in a power system where
they are in parallel with many other alternators. It means that the alternator is connected to a live
system of constant voltage and constant frequency. Often the electrical system, to which the
alternator is connected, has already so many alternators and loads connected to it that no matter
what power is delivered by the incoming alternator, the voltage and frequency of the system
remain the same. In that case, the alternator is said to be connected to infinite bus-bars.

For proper synchronization of alternators, the following four conditions must be satisfied

1. The terminal voltage (effective) of the incoming alternator must be the same as bus-bar
voltage.

2. The speed of the incoming machine must be such that its frequency (= PN/60) equals bus-bar
frequency.

3. The phase of the alternator voltage must be identical with the phase of the bus-bar voltage.

4. The phase angle between identical phases must be zero. It means that the switch must be
closed at (or very near) the instant the two voltages have correct phase relationship.

Condition (1) is indicated by a voltmeter, conditions (2), (3) and (4) are indicated by
synchronizing lamps or a synchronoscope. The synchronizing lamp method is consists of 3
lamps connected between the phases of the running 3-ph generator and the incoming generator as
shown in Fig
Connection Diagram:

Steps:
1- Connect the connection diagram above.

2- Check that starting resistance of the DC machine is fully add before turn on the DC
supply.

3- Use sequence machine to connect the right sequence of terminal.

4- Turn on the DC supply and remove the starting resistance step by step until speed reach
the synchronizing speed

5- From the S.G field “ Rotor ” change the DC supply To increase the voltage of S.G
Terminal until it match the grid voltage.

6- Use the three lamp and turn the switch at the moment when the lamp turn of
 7- Repeat this step for 2 analog voltammeter and turn the switch when the two
voltammeter read zero

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