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M A J O R C O N C E P T S (Neumann, 2002)
CONTENT
The variables of the person in interaction with the internal and external
environment comprise the whole client system
Entropy
Flexible LOD
Normal LOD
It represents what the client has become over time, or the usual state of
wellness. It is considered dynamic because it can expand or contract over
time.
Line of Resistance-LOR
Negentropy
Open system
A system in which there is continuous flow of input and process, output and
feedback. It is a system of organized complexity where all elements are in
interaction.
Prevention as intervention
Interventions modes for nursing action and determinants for entry of both
client and nurse in to health care system.
Reconstitution
Stability
Wellness/Illness
Wellness is the condition in which all system parts and subparts are in
harmony with the whole system of the client.
Illness is a state of insufficiency with disrupting needs unsatisfied (Neuman,
2002).
Prevention
Primary Prevention
Tertiary Prevention
o Occurs after the system has been treated through secondary
prevention strategies.
o Offers support to the client and attempts to add energy to the system
or reduce energy needed in order to facilitate reconstitution
o .
PERSON
Human being is a total person as a client system and the person is a layered
multidimensional being.
Each layer consists of five person variable or subsystems:
Physiological - Refers of the physicochemical structure and function
of the body.
Psychological - Refers to mental processes and emotions.
Socio-cultural - Refers to relationships and social/cultural
expectations and activities.
Spiritual - Refers to the influence of spiritual beliefs.
Developmental - Refers to those processes related to development
over the lifespan.
ENVIRONMENT
HEALTH
NURSING
Each person is born with a spiritual energy force or seed within the spiritual
variable, as identified in the basic structure of the client system.
Each client system is unique, each system is a composite of common known
factors or innate characteristic within normal, given range of response,
contained within a basic structure.
The client engages in a constant, dynamic energy exchange with the
environment.
Interrelated concepts
Logically consistent.
Logical sequence
Fairly simple and straightforward in approach.
Easily identifiable definitions
Provided guidelines for nursing education and practice
Applicable in the practice