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  • Heuristicas para Seleccion de Secuencias

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    Andrea Vitto
    7 vistas13 páginas
    Se presentan las heurísticas para la selección de secuencias de torres de destilación.

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    Heuristicas Para Seleccion de Secuencias

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    Se presentan las heurísticas para la selección de secuencias de torres de destilación.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Descargue como PDF o lea en línea desde Scribd
    Marcar por contenido inapropiado
    7 vistas13 páginas

    Heuristicas para Seleccion de Secuencias

    Cargado por

    Andrea Vitto
    Se presentan las heurísticas para la selección de secuencias de torres de destilación.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Descargue como PDF o lea en línea desde Scribd
    Marcar por contenido inapropiado
    de 13
    268 Chater? Sythe eprint crystallization is fequemly conducted contauously in x vacuum evaporating deafube tafe crystallize to proce crystalline parls, wheres the fling-lm exystaizer i hed for melt ejtliztion to produce a dese layer of erystals Drying A number of factors influence the selection ofa dryer fom the many diferent ype sv ‘hie "TeseTactrs ce donned by the nate ofthe fed, whether it be granular sis 3 ‘ase. sry or gid Other factors incloe the need for ation, ype feat source convection, ration, condicon, or miowave heating nd the dee to STHch the material tus be dried. The most commonly employed coinuous dryers eade Tunnel, hand, trbo‘ay, rotary, seam-ube roar, scew-conveyor, Mudie, Spoue-ed: parti-conveyor spa. and dram ye 7A. SEQUENCING OF ORDINARY DISTILLATION COLUMNS FOR THE SEPARATION (OF NEARLY IDEAL FLUID MIXTURES Mulcomponent mists are often separated ato more than (Wo products. Although one ‘perce upmeat of complex design might be devise to peeduce al the desired prods quence of orp separator i ore common. Toroary ed feos, sch as hytocarton mitre nd mixtures ofa homologous seis for etanpl, slebols the most economical quence wil on incl cnly crdinary sti tion columns provided thatthe following conditions hoi 1. The rclative volatility between the wo sletd key components for the separation in ‘ach cola i > 105. 2 The reir duty sno excessive. An example ofan excessive duty occurs in he di ‘lon of a mitre nth Tow cave vlality betwen the two key components here height ey components wae, which has vr) high eat of vaporiza on. ‘3 The ter pressre does pot eats the mint to approach its etic temperate ‘£ ovetad vapor ca be lla! pty condensed a th column pressure topo ‘ide refs without excessive gration reuiements, 5, The bottoms temperature the lower pes sot high that chemical decampos 6 Aecropes donot prevent he desires separation. 5 Catumn pes op is tolerable patiulry operation is under vacuum Column Pressure and Type of Condenser ‘ering he development of dilaton sequences, its necessary to make at est preliminary ‘Chimes of coh operating presse and condenser types eal rp). The ema tne fiat byte uve of the algorithm it Figure 79, which x conservative, Assume that olin water it avalale at 59°F, sient to ool std condense a vapor to 120. The tie-in presse ip eaklaed 1207 fran estimated csi composition, Ite com [utd evar en an 213 pi se a ll condenser less vapor itil i reqaie Michcsne wea paral ender Ifthe pes les than 30 psa, set the condenser rs Sure to 30 sie end avoid near-acium operon Ice distillate bubble-poit presur is trian 15 pi ut estan 365 pi, se 9 pstialcondemser It is refer an 365 fin dtermine the dow-point presse forthe ile as apo. I the pressure wet {han 363 pun operate he condenser at 15 sia with abe efegerat in place of cooling, freer, For the Sled condenser peste, ad 10 psn to esis the boioms peur ‘Nam and compte the bubble pin temperate or a stinated Hots compositin. that tn perature exces the decomposition or real emperatie of the bertoms, reduce the con (ener presse apropity 1 of Sequences of Ordinary Distlation Columns Intl consideration i usually given tox sequence of edit dsillation columns, where x ‘ingle feol is ent fo each column and the products from sac column aber jus v0, he ‘nile ad the toons. For example, consider & mixture of Benzene, toluene, and ‘phenyl Becase th nonal boiling pots of the thee components (80.1, 1108, and DELS, respectively) ae widely wpstod, the mintre canbe comveniemly separate into three marly pre components by orinary silo. A common proces or separating tis Initore te sequence of two oetinay tiation clumps show in Figure 7-10. In the Fint column, the most woe component, benzene, is tken overhead aba dilate fa frodot The boos sa mixture of aluene and biphenyl, which set othe second eo ‘im fo separation ino the wo oe final product state of teluene and a batons of bp the feast volatile componcat, ea ia sequence of ordinary dilation cols is used, not all columns need give early pur prods. For exatpe, Figure 710 shows a dilation sequence forthe sepa ti ofa misture of chlbensee, xylene xylene, nd o-sylee into only thre produ: ready pare eybenzee, nist of p-andm-ylee, and pearly pure tyne. The pre nd meta isomers ate not seared because the normal oiling pons of these two con unde fer by only 08°C, mang sepanion by dilaton impractical. ‘Noein Figute 7.10 tat takes a seqonce of two ordinary dsilaton columns to sepa raga mise int thee roduc: Furthemore, ter sequences can produce the sun ial products, For example, the separtion offense, tons, and biphenyl. shown in Figure toa can also be achieved by removing biphenyl as bts in the st oluma, followed ty the separation of benzene a foluene inthe second column. However, the scartion of {Clune tm benzene and bipheny! by onary dsilion nthe fst column is possible, 250 Chaps?” Sythe Seprtin Taine ee 740 Diino rao ‘ecause toluene is interment in volatility, Thus, the number af possible sequences iim ied totwo fr this case ofthe separation of eriry mixture into tree early pur ros, Now consider the mare gener ease ofthe yates of ll possible oeinarycstiision sequences ore micormponent feed that it be separated it P fal products, which ae early poe components andor mulicomsponectmsxturs. The component inthe fed ae tered by volaity wth the fst component being the mos volte. This oder is amos tlvaye consistent with ht for normal foitng pot th mae forms nel ideal Kg folders, such tat Eq (7.3) applies. Assume thatthe order of volality ofthe compenens Ales ot change a the sequence prooseds, Farhermore,astume tht any mkiomponent procs contain oly componenis tat ace adjacent in voli. For example, suppose hat Ihe previously ced mature of enzea, tolene and biphenyl sto be separated no tene ie ncceary fist to produce products of benzene, olen, snd biphenyl, an hen bed the eazene a biphenyl ‘An eqution forth numberof diferent sequnces of ordnaydilition cokamns N © produce a numberof prolus, P can be developed i he following manner For the is. parse inthe sequence. P ~ | Separtion pont re possbe. Fr example, if the dese [roots are A,B, CD, and Ein ode of decreasing vail, hen the posible epation points ae 5 — i = 4,8 follows: A-B, B-C, C-D. and D-E, Now tbe the number onal Proc tha mast be developed from the distil of the Sst oluma. Foe example if the ‘Spartion pin in the fs column C-D, thenj = 3 (A,B,C). Then P ~ equals the num terol fia pedets that mast be developed from the tions ofthe fist clum. 1.8 the umber of diferent sequnces fr (fina prodets, the, fr given separation pon in he ft column the number of sequences i 8p» But in he fit separor,P~ 1 aire Separation points are possible Thus the amber of diferent sequences for P products the following som % pe n= S nym = BEDE 9) “Application of (7.9) gives ress shown in Table 7.2 for sequences producing upto 10 products As sbowa the number of sequences grows rpily the aunberof ial reduc Equation (79) gives ive posileyqusnees of thre columns fo a fou-compone: ee These sequcnces re shown ia Figure 7.1. The fit, whee al fal prodect bt are Aisles ioe refered oa the dre! sequence, and is widely wed in industry beeae EXAMPLE 74 Sequin of tiny Ditlion Colm fr Session Ney el hid Mixes 251 isla nal products are more fee of impure such objectionable high toiling com Pounds aod sols Ifthe party ofthe fal bottoms prot (D) feel, maybe po faced 26 dsl in an atonal column alld tren (or fishing) cola, I all Products exept one ae toms products, the teense is fered to atthe inet se quence. This sequence is generally considered to be the eastGesrble sequence because Siffclies in achieving purty speciation for bottoms products. The oe tre sequences Jn Figure 7.11 produce two products as dilate and two podocts as batons I ll se «quences except ones east oe inl prod is prded i each corn Decenine he uberaffoubiewepenea predate Th, fen Tae 72 Pike SN ee aon Hleuristies for Determining Favorable Sequences ‘Wien be umber of odin is eo for, signing an oting al posible sees Canbes determine the mow econ qucace Ofte, here nese fed ters tie bio nrne es eatn ofae va es forthe posible separion poy, he cov wll ot vary much an he squeak Non may be ase on operation actors, tec equece of e eae. ‘ters, mambo sts ht ave pened inh ete staring in 1987, be proved wl ur redcing tember of steces fr etal examina The ea woe 1, Remove theally unstable, corrosive, of chemily ative components carlin the = 2 Remove inal prot onc by ones distillates (the dr sequence 5 Sequence separation points to remove, early inthe sequence, thse components of eae! molar percentage in the fe. 4, Sesuence separation pins inthe ore of decreasing relative vlaity othat the most dateat spits are made inthe absence of the oer componeats, 5. Sequence separation points ofeave Ist thse separations ta give the highs. pry 6 Scan seution puis ht fv ein anc f tiie and atoms [None of these heuvistcs equ column design and costing, Unfortunatly however these hears fen conic with each other, Bus, more than one sequence wil be devdoped, vad coat ah eter fatrs wil need to be cosiered to develop an optimal ia esa ‘cn cnergy cons are latvely high, he sith heuristic often ads tothe most eonamical 56 are connie! wth observations about the effet ofthe ronkey se monkey componeats ani sequence: Heuristics Components on the spaation of two key components. The cn ‘ree the reftoxand bilo eguremens, which intr, crease column diameters Trae opcating cet. These. andthe numberof ays, are the major factors affecting the investment and operating eos ofa distillation operation, souwtion — s | wm r | ur Ls lure 7.2 Syne pole nd separa ample 72) pan separation problem: pwn ek The ce Heute wh dots oer Mee 3d eds fo ene “Marginal Vapor Rate Method When aplication ofthe above heise for quencing ordinary dillon columns i wn- tain or confcing reat are obtained, iti preferable to employ sequencing meods that ely on cola design and, in some caves, cont etimation, Exhaustive search calcu late the annualized cost of every sequence can determine the optinal sequence, provided ‘hat column-apeating condition’ ate opimied nd may be atid for sequences ial ing jut three or possibly four products, However, et rigorous methods are aval tat an produce god, although not always optimal, sequeoes, These mahods, Which attempt to reduoe the serch space ince those of Hendry and Hughes (1972), Rodgo and Seeder (1975), Gomer ad Sear (1976), Sear and Westerberg (197, aad the marginal vapor tae (MV) method of Modi and Westerber (1982). The ler method outperforms the ober rhode and canbe applied without the necessity of complete calm designs snd exe Fora given slit tween two key component, Mad and Westerberg (1992) conser he

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