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1 Example
A beam fixed supported at both ends is to be designed for flexure. The super imposed load from
the slab it is carrying is 22 KN/m dead and 16 KN/m live load (the self-weight of beam is included
in the super imposed load). If the material the beam is going to be made of is C20/25 and S 400
rebar, calculate the amount of flexural reinforcement required. Please note that from architectural
requirement the depth of beam is restricted to 450 mm.
Example Page |1 Af
DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAM TO ES EN 1992-1-1:2015
l o o
k[11 1.5 f ck 3.2 f ck ( 1) 3 / 2 ] if o [EBCS EN : 1992,2014 Eqn. 7.16a]
d
l o 1 '
k[11 1.5 f ck f ck ] if o [EBCS EN : 1992,2014 Eqn. 7.16b]
d 12 o
The value of k in the above equations is (since fixed-fixed beam is considered as interior span):
Interior span k 1.5 [EBCS EN : 1992,2014 Table 7.4N]
ρo is
f yk 400
o 0.447%
1000 1000
With fck=20 Mpa and S-400 Rebar the above expression could be evaluate to give the following
values:
With ρ=1.5 % [Assuming beam is highly stressed], which is, ρ> ρo
for interior span
ρ′ = 0( assumig compression reinfocement isn′ t provided)
l 1 0
1.5[11 1.5 20 0.447
1.5
20 ] 32 .5
d 12 0.447
since the proposed reinforcement, S-400, is less than 500 Mpa , we need to apply correction factor
for the above result.
l 500
32.5( ) 40.625
d 400
Now, the required beam depth is:
𝑙 6 ∗ 1000 𝑚𝑚
𝑑= = = 147.69 𝑚𝑚
40.625 40.625
1.1.3 Cover
cov er cnom cmin C dev ES EN 1992 - 1 - 1 : 2015 Eqn. 4.1
Cmin,b 12mm
Example Page |2 Af
DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAM TO ES EN 1992-1-1:2015
1.1.5 Analysis
In persistent and transient design situations, the governing load combination is:
𝑃𝑑 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘
Since, the dead load includes the self-weight of the beam, the design load is
𝑃𝑑 = 1.35 ∗ 22 + 1.5 ∗ 16 = 53.7 𝐾𝑁/𝑚
For fixed-fixed beam, the support and span moments are given by:
𝑝𝑑 𝑙 2 53.7 ∗ 62
𝑀𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡 = = = 161.1 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚
12 12
𝑝𝑑 𝑙 2 53.7 ∗ 62
𝑀𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 = = = 80.55 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚
12 24
Example Page |3 Af
DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAM TO ES EN 1992-1-1:2015
∗
𝑀𝑠𝑑
𝜇𝑠𝑑 =
𝑓𝑐𝑑 𝑏𝑑 2
∅𝑙 16
𝐷 = 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 + ∅𝑠 + = 439.08 + 35 + 8 + = 490.088 𝑚𝑚
2 2
Take D=500 mm for construction simplicity.
Since D=500 mm > maximum depth from architectural restriction, the section should be
doubly reinforced with D=450 mm.
∅𝑙 16
𝑑 = 𝐷 − 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 − ∅𝑠 − = 450 − 35 − 8 − = 399 𝑚𝑚
2 2
Doubly reinforced section design
∗
- Calculate 𝑀𝑠𝑑
∗ ∗
𝑀𝑠𝑑 = 𝜇𝑠𝑑 𝑓𝑐𝑑 𝑏𝑑 2 = 0.295 ∗ 11.33 ∗ 250 ∗ 3992 ∗ 10−6 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚 = 133.02 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚
- Calculate 𝑀2
∗
𝑀2 = 𝑀𝑠𝑑 − 𝑀𝑠𝑑 = 161.1 − 133.02 = 28.07 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚
- Calculate 𝐴𝑠𝑡1
∗
𝑀𝑠𝑑 𝑀2
𝐴𝑠𝑡1 = +
𝑧𝑓𝑦𝑑 (𝑑 − 𝑑2 )𝑓𝑦𝑑
o for μ∗sd = 0.295 , Kz = 0.82 ( see page 8 for how to read this)
o z=0.82*399=327.24 mm
∅𝑙
o 𝑑2 = 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 + ∅𝑠 + = 35 + 8 + 8 = 51 𝑚𝑚
2
133.02∗1066 28.07∗106
Ast1 = 327.24∗347.83 + (399−51)∗347.83 = 1400.545 𝑚𝑚2
1400.545
# 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑟 ( 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ ∅ 16) = = 6.96 ≈ 7∅16
201
- Check if compression reinforcement yields
Example Page |4 Af
DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAM TO ES EN 1992-1-1:2015
∗
𝑀𝑠𝑑
𝜇𝑠𝑑 =
𝑓𝑐𝑑 𝑏𝑑 2
∅𝑙 16
𝐷 = 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 + ∅𝑠 + = 310.48 + 35 + 8 + = 361.48 𝑚𝑚
2 2
Since the overall depth for span moment is less than the limit from architectural requirement.
Therefore, the section is singly reinforced.
To design singly reinforced section, follow the following steps:
- Calculate 𝜇𝑠𝑑
𝑀𝑠𝑑 80.55∗106
𝜇𝑠𝑑 = 𝑓 2
= 11.33∗250∗3992 = 0.178
𝑐𝑑 𝑏𝑑
- Read the value of Kz from design chart
𝐾𝑧 = 0.901
- Evaluate z
𝑧 = 𝑘𝑧 𝑑 = 0.901 ∗ 399 𝑚𝑚 = 359.44 𝑚𝑚
- Evaluate As
𝑀𝑠𝑑 80.55 ∗ 106
𝐴𝑠 = = = 644.27 𝑚𝑚2
𝑧𝑓𝑦𝑑 359.44 ∗ 347.83
44.27 𝑚𝑚2
# 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑟 = = 3.2 ≈ 4∅16
201
Example Page |5 Af
DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAM TO ES EN 1992-1-1:2015
l 1 0
1.5[11 1.5 20 0.447
0.806 20 ] 22.08
d 12 0.447
since the proposed reinforcement, S-400, is less than 500 Mpa , we need to apply correction factor
for the above result.
l 500
22.08( ) 27.61
d 400
Now, the required beam depth is:
𝑙 6 ∗ 1000 𝑚𝑚
𝑑= = = 217.38 𝑚𝑚
40.625 27.61
Overall depth:
16
𝐷 = 217.38 + 35 + 8 + = 268.38 𝑚𝑚
2
For construction purpose, use D=300 mm.
Since the provided depth, d=450 mm, is greater than depth from deformation, D=300 mm, depth
is OK!
1.1.9 Reinforcement detail
Example Page |6 Af
DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAM TO ES EN 1992-1-1:2015
Example Page |7 Af
DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAM TO ES EN 1992-1-1:2015
Example Page |8 Af
DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAM TO ES EN 1992-1-1:2015
Example Page |9 Af