Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
On
soil and crop productivity
1. USA
2. China
3. Russia
4. Japan
5. India
6. Germany
7. Britain
8. Canada
9. South Korea
10.Ukraine
IPCC,2001
Greenhouse gases
Gas Concentration Annual Contribution
in 1985 increase since to global
1985 to warming (%)
present (%)
Atmosphere 748 Gt
Fossil fuels 4000 Gt
Terrestrial 2000 Gt
Soil 1550 Gt
Biota 450 Gt
Oceans 38, 000 Gt
r
Hu
/y
ion
Pg
Pg
m
om ion
/y
sit
us
80
r
ec rat
po
d d spi
an il re
So
SOIL
1550 Pg C
Lal, 2004
Depletion of soil organic carbon concentration of
cultivated compared with that in undisturbed soils
Lal, 2004
Total soil erosion in India
Yadav, 1996
Soil erosion and C emission in India
Processes Flux
Total soil erosion 2.98 Pg sediments/yr
(2979 Tg sediments/yr)
Lal, 2004
Total potential of carbon sequestration in soils of
India
Lal, 2004
Carbon Sequestration
Lal,1995
Soil Carbon Sequestration
Soil
Carbon
A tm o s p h e r ic A tm o s p h e r ic Carbon
Input
N 2 C O 2 Sequestration
N 2
B io lo g ic a l P h o t o s y n th e s is N 2O
N f ix a tio n N O
C O 2
A n im a l
F e r t iliz e r r e s p ir a t io n
P la n t
r e s p ir a t io n N H 3
v o la t iliz a tio n
D is s o lv e d
C O 2 S o il
S o il r e s p ir a t io n o r g a n ic P la n t
in w a t e r
S o il m a tte r u p ta k e
Carbon o r g a n is m s
C a rb o n a te
Output
m in e r a ls M in e r a liz a t io n
N H 4
F o s s il f u e ls f ix a tio n
L e a c h a te D e n itr ific a t io n
Soil acts as a source as well as sink of atmospheric CO2
Residue, Roots,
Manure Decomposition/
Compost CO2 Mineralization
Controls
CO2, CH4 Abiotic
Substrate Attributes
X Nutrient Availability
Soil Disturbance
Decomposer Community
Soil C
DOC
C cycle in agricultural ecosystem
Climate Soils Management
Sunlight CO 2
Harvestable Yield
Lal et al.,1999
Sequestration: Cinput > Coutput
Soil Processes Conducive to the
Enhanced Carbon Storage
1.Aggregation: Increase in stable micro-aggregates
through formation of organo-mineral complexes
encapsulates C and protects it against microbial
activities.
2.Humification: To sequester 10,000 kg of C in humus, 833
kg of N, 200 kg of P and 143 kg of S are needed
3.Translocation into the Sub-Soil: Translocation of SOC
into the sub-soil.
4.Formation of Secondary Carbonates:
5.Burial of SOC-Laden Sediments: Transport of SOC-
enriched sediments to depressional sites and/or
aquatic ecosystems
6.Plantation of Deep-Rooted Plants
Technological options for C sequestration in soil and biota
Lal., 2004
Recommended Management Practices and C
sequestration potential
Jat, 2006
Intensification of cropping system
Winter crops
Forage in rotation
Growing legume crops
Eliminate fallow
Deep rooted crops
12
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Years of Management
Fertilized
Unfertilized
Crop Yield
∆ Yield
SOC Pool SOC Pool
tiv ity
c
Soil Quality and SOC Pool ic pro d u
ro n om
Ag
E
NU
U E a ss
W l b iom
ro bia n t ion ity
Mic R ete ap ac
r i e nt t e rc
a
Nut ble w
v a ila t ion e
A e ga r a t
g r
Ag ration rosity
lt o
Infi tion p
Soil Quality
a
Aer
SOC Pool
Role of SOM in Soil and Plant Health
Water retention
Soil temperature and aeration
Chelation
Cation exchange
Mineralization of nutrients
Buffer action
Soil aggregate formation
CO2 CO2
Plant C
Fungi
Fungi
Micro-
aggregates
SOM SOM
Microorganisms produce:
Plant growth hormones
Stimulate plant growth
hormones
Compete with disease
organisms
Physical and biological properties influence by OM
(from 1990 to 2007)
Lal., 2005
Crop yield under different soil organic carbon
(from 1990 to 2007)
Thomas, 2009
Yields variation of jute and soybean
with SOC of the treatments
…Thank you