CUADERNOS

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MEDICINA CHINA
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Dr. Marcos Díaz Mastellari











©MarcosDíazMastellari,2017

©Mandalaediciones,2017

c/Treviño,9bajoizda.

28003Madrid(España)

tel:+34917553877

www.mandalaediciones.com

I.S.B.N.:978Ͳ84Ͳ17168Ͳ33Ͳ9


«Cualquierformadereproducción,distribución,comunicaciónpúblicaotransformacióndeesta
obrasolopuedeserrealizadaconlaautorizacióndesustitulares,salvoexcepciónprevistaporla
ley.DiríjaseaCEDRO(CentroEspañoldeDerechosReprográficos,www.cedro.org)sinecesita
fotocopiaroescanearalgúnfragmentodeestaobra».



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“...el médico sabio era siempre el que se sentía más
perplejo a la cabeza del enfermo. Esto es muy cierto, está
realmente perplejo, porque por una parte tiene la
convicción de que puede obrar..., pero por otra, su
ignorancia del mecanismo de estas acciones lo detiene,
porque su espíritu científico experimental, repugna
absolutamente producir efectos y estudiar fenómenos sin
tratar de comprenderlos.”
ClaudioBernard



 

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Sobre el Enfoque Holístico de la Medicina

"La naturaleza se postra ante el hombre y le
da sus diferencias para que perfeccione su
juicio; sus maravillas, para que avive su
voluntad a imitarlas; sus exigencias, para que
eduque su espíritu en el trabajo, en las
contrariedades, y en la virtud que las vence"
José Martí


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“Universo es palabra admirable, suma de toda filosofía:
lo uno en lo diverso, lo diverso en lo uno.”

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³Si existe un libro entre todos los que componen la literatura

Oriental y que debiera leerse antes que los otros, es, en mi
opinión, El Libro de Dao de Lao Zi. Si hay algún libro que
pudiera pretender ser para nosotros el intérprete del espíritu de
Oriente, o que fuera necesario para entender las características
del modo de ser chino, incluyendo literalmente “los caminos
que se hayan en la oscuridad”, ese es El Libro de Dao´2



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“Por ejemplo, en China se desarrolló una ciencia
impresionante, la cual sin embargo, nunca se planteó la
pregunta acerca de cómo cae una piedra, --la idea de las leyes
de la naturaleza en esa forma jurídica que nosotros las
comprendemos, era ajena a la civilización china. Para el chino
el Universo era una formación coherente en el cual todos los
acontecimientos están relacionados. Yo tengo la esperanza, que
la ciencia del futuro, conservando la exactitud analítica de su
variante occidental, se preocupe también por lo global, por la
mirada totalizadora sobre el mundo. Al hacerlo, ante ella se
abrirán las perspectivas de traspasar los límites impuestos por la
cultura occidental clásica.”

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II
Sesgos e Inconsistencias del Método Científico en
Medicina Occidental Moderna

“Censure en buena hora los defectos, el que
crea que tiene la palabra en los labios para
desalentar y censurar; pero véase en la crítica
no el afán de zaherir una reputación que aún
no se ha podido conquistar, sino la imparcial
mesura de quien solo por beneficio y prez de
las letras emprende tarea tan desagradable y
tan dura como un juicio.”
-RVp0DUWt

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“Si existe un libro entre todos los que componen la
literatura Oriental y que debiera leerse antes que los
otros, es, en mi opinión, El Libro de Dao de Lao Zi.”



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“...agotan al pueblo a través de prestaciones personales y de
arruinarlo a través de impuestos. Innumerables son los que se
mueren de frío o hambre. Además de eso, los soberanos de este
mundo aumentan sus ejércitos para atacar los países vecinos;
estas expediciones duran a veces un año entero, meses como
mínimo. Durante todo este tiempo, hombres y mujeres son
separados, lo que es un medio seguro de hacer disminuir la
población. Innumerables son los que se mueren debido a las
malas condiciones de vida, alimentación irregular, de
enfermedad, mientras que otros se hacen matar en emboscadas,
incendios, asaltos sobre fortalezas o batallas ordenadas.”


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“El soberano inteligente organiza la producción de sus súbditos
de forma que puedan sostener a su padre y a su madre, a sus
hijos y esposas, que en los años buenos puedan comer a su
gusto, y en los malos no morir de hambre. Una vez alcanzado
esto, los dirigirá hacia la práctica del bien y el pueblo le
seguirá.”

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VI
Teoría de los Cinco Movimientos o Wu Xing


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VII
Introducción al Pensamiento Médico Clásico
Chino 

“Pero el pseudo-naturalismo científico en las
humanidades debe quedar para siempre como inadecuado
y patético, debido a la discrepancia entre el método y el
material. (...) En la misma forma, nuestro valor del amor
entre el hombre y la mujer ha sido destruido por esta
clase de ciencia, que comenzó confundiendo amor con
sexo y terminó interpretando el amor solamente en
términos de sexo. (...) Nuestra concepción de la
naturaleza del hombre ha sido falsificada, degradada. Ha
sido quitado el fondo de nuestro universo humano, la
estructura no puede sostenerse; algo debe romperse. De
los esparcidos fragmentos del conocimiento moderno
debe construirse un nuevo mundo, y Oriente y Occidente
deben construirlo conjuntamente.”
/LQ<X7DQJ




 

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IX
El Pensamiento Medico Clásico Chino y sus
Contribuciones a las Ciencias Contemporáneas

“El escéptico es el que no cree bastante en sí
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que ésta no está sometida a leyes fijas y
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Algunas Ideas sobre la Aplicación de la Medicina
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Actuales

Para ir delante de los demás, se
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Cierto día Confucio le pregunto a sus alumnos si lo
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la erudición de su maestro los discípulos respondieron que
indudablemente había estudiado con extensión y profundidad.
Para su sorpresa Confucio les respondió que él no había
estudiado mucho, muy poco más bien. Su conocimiento no
venía del estudio, pero lo que sí hacía era penetrar profundo en
los principios básicos. Conocer y vivir estos principios no es
poca cosa, les dijo, pero si se dominan, todo el universo, como
un libro abierto, se puede leer y descifrar.


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XIV
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Dao de la cópula entre el Yin y el Yang. Las mujeres son
superiores a los hombres de la misma manera que el agua es
superior al fuego´

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no se ha endurecido, significa que las fibras no se han suscitado
aún. Si está duro pero no caliente, significa que el Qi no ha
despertado. Cuando las tres excitaciones se han manifestado,
usted puede penetrar´

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“Cuando el hombre se excita su pene se torna duro y fuerte y
cuando la mujer es conmovida, su vagina se abre y se alonga”.

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³Hay cinco signos, cinco deseos y también diez movimientos con
los que se pueden conocer sus transformaciones y entender sus
causas. Estos son los estados de excitación representados por
los cinco signos.

 

 Primero, cuando su cara se sonroja, presiónala contra ti
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en su interior lentamente. Cuarto, cuando sus partes íntimas
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cuando sus secreciones se desborden y se esparzan, entonces
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todo el cuerpo se siente fatigado. Se sufre de zumbido de oídos y
ojos somnolientos; la garganta se seca y las articulaciones
pesan. Aunque hay un breve placer, al final no hay bienestar.
Si, sin embargo, uno se involucra en el sexo sin emisión,
entonces la fortaleza de nuestro Qi será más que suficiente y
nuestro cuerpo estará a sus anchas. Nuestro oído será agudo y
nuestra visión nítida. No obstante, al ejercitar el autocontrol y
calmar la pasión, el amor realmente crece y permanece sin
saciar. ¿Cómo puede esto no considerarse placentero?´

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“... antes de terminar, es preciso esperar que la mujer haya
gozado, incluso si se tienen ganas. Cuando la mujer ha gozado,
se puede terminar. Se retira al mismo tiempo “el pico Yang”
para llevarlo entre “las cuerdas de cítara” y “los dientes de
trigo”, a la misma profundidad que la del pezón en la boca de
un niño que mama´

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³La superioridad del ser humano reside en la facultad de
desempeñar su actividad sexual, al igual que el cielo y la tierra,
el Yin y el Yang. Los que comprenden el principio nutren su
espíritu y prolongan su vida; los que lo desprecian, dañan su
espíritu y abrevian su existencia´
³La forma de sentarse, de acostarse, la posición antes del
coito, el método dorsal o lateral, las reglas de penetración
profunda o superficial, todos estos datos están en relación con
los dos principios iniciales y el método de los cinco
movimientos. Los que respeten esto se beneficiarán de una
larga vida; los que no lo respeten pondrán su salud en peligro´

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³Antes de comenzar el coito, el hombre debe sentarse al lado
izquierdo de la mujer... El hombre abraza a la mujer, sostiene
su talle, acaricia su cuerpo, le habla con dulzura, ese abrazo es
más apretado o menos. Boca contra boca, el hombre chupa el
labio inferior de la mujer, mientras la mujer chupa el labio
superior del hombre. Un intercambio de salivas se efectúa al
mismo tiempo que un mordisqueo de la lengua o del labio de la
pareja, caricias en la cabeza, en las orejas, después se acaricia
suavemente arriba, más fuerte abajo, HQ HVWH PRPHQWR
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mueve y el hombre sigue, es nefasto, no solamente para el
hombre, sino también para la mujer... Este acto es nefasto por
el hecho de la desarmonía del Yin y del Yang´
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³Si el hombre no siente esta subida y la mujer el flujo del
líquido, este fenómeno exterior testimonia la existencia de una
desarmonía interior´

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“Todos los Zang son únicos, solo los riñones representan una
unidad gemelar. ¿Por qué es así? Los dos riñones no son
riñones los dos. El de la izquierda es el riñón; el de la derecha
es el Ming Men. El Ming Men es donde residen la
Espiritualidad y la esencia113; es el sitio que alberga al Qi
Primordial114 115. Por tanto, en los varones conserva a Jing116;
en las mujeres nutre (QXWUHVRVWLHQHRPDQWLHQH) al útero.”


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“Las escrituras afirman: hay cinco Zang y seis Fu. ¿Qué quiere
esto decir? Usualmente se habla de seis Fu, pero son realmente
cinco. Aunque comúnmente se habla de cinco Zang, existen
argumentos que indican la existencia de seis Zang. Estos
aseguran que los riñones están integrados por dos Zang. El de
la izquierda es el riñón; el de la derecha es el Ming Men. El
Ming Men es el destino donde la esencia y la Espiritualidad se
amparan117. En los varones, conserva la esencia118; en las
mujeres sostiene (o mantiene) al útero. Los valimientos del
Ming Men son idénticos a los del riñón. Es por esto que se
habla de la existencia de seis Zang119.”

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“Ambos riñones pertenecen al Agua. Entre ambos riñones
soportan y proveen al Fuego; este es el Fuego del Ming Men. El
capítulo 52 de Su Wen dice, ‘a ambos lados de la séptima
vértebra, en el centro, ahí está Xiao Xin120 (Pequeño Corazón)’.
Este es el Ming Men. El Hombre, el Cielo y la Tierra son tres.
Ming Men y Tai Ji121 son similares. Tai Ji crea los dos polos;
los dos polos crean los cuatro fenómenos; los cuatro fenómenos
crean los ocho trigramas; los ocho trigramas crean los 64
hexagramas. Ming Men crea los dos riñones; los dos riñones
crean los seis órganos Yin y los seis Yang; los seis órganos Yin
y los seis Yang crean los cuatro miembros y todos los huesos.



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 Antes de la existencia de la persona122, antes que se reúna la
esencia, hay primero una reunión de Fuego. Este Fuego
deviene en la raíz de lo prenatal. El Agua se convierte en la
verdadera fuente del Cielo. El fuego entre los riñones se llama
“el Fuego Auxiliar”. Ming Men es la raíz del San Jiao; se
convierte en la residencia del Fuego Auxiliar; este se disemina
hacia el San Jiao. Por consiguiente, Ming Men es el
comienzo.”123

/LX:DQ6XVLJOR;,,H[SUHVy
“Tai Yi es el verdadero Qi Celestial Fundamental. No es Yin; no
es Yang. No es frío; no es caliente. En la intimidad de Jing se
crea Qi. En la intimidad de Qi se crea Shen. Shen es capaz de
controlar la forma. Por consiguiente, Jing es la raíz de Shenqi.”

6REUH7DL<L+RQGDH[SUHVy
“Tai Yi - el gran uno o lo grandioso primero - es también
sinónimo de Tai Ji - el gran fundamento o la gran esencia o lo
primario grandioso -. Son íntimamente sinónimos”125.

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“Las energías cósmicas sin forma se concentran en el Ming
Men. (...) Ming Men está en relación con el maestro del corazón
y el pericardio. (...) Ming Men, el maestro del corazón y San
Jiao ostentan una estructura energética íntimamente
relacionada con la “no-forma” y, por tanto, transforman esta
energía cósmica (alude al Qi Primordial) y estimulan (incitan,
promueven, avivan) el movimiento de Qi. (...) Ming Men, el
maestro del corazón y San Jiao sostienen y proveen todas las


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 transformaciones energéticas del organismo, incluyendo las
relaciones de los Cinco Movimientos y los Troncos Celestes, los
ciclos de los doce canales y los colaterales y sus sistemas de
órganos y funciones asociados.”

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“Es la residencia de Yin y Yang. Es el océano de Jingqi. Es el
pasadizo de la vida y la muerte.”

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sitúan bajo la séptima vértebra129. Jing y Shen son la voluntad”.

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“El Agua se convierte en la verdadera fuente del Cielo”.

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“La persona es creada en la Tierra; el Ming (aludiendo al Ming
Men), en el Cielo. El Qi del Cielo y la Tierra se reúnen; a eso
llamamos persona”

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aquí. Por consiguiente, la fuente del San Jiao protege al Shen
de lo perverso. Qi alcanza el interior; Qi florece y se vuelve
sólido”.

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“Ming Men se comprende como el Pequeño Fuego o el
Pequeño Corazón (Xiao Xin), al que corresponde nutrir y
soportar al Fuego Mayor o Gran Fuego, el Fuego Imperial, el
Fuego de Corazón”.

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 “El hombre recibe del Cielo el Qi que se mueve entre los
riñones como sus influencias vitales. Los riñones están
asociados a la primera de las Doce Ramas Celestes (DVt GLFH
WH[WXDOPHQWH); son el asiento del Agua; están asociados con el
trigrama Kan, el símbolo de las regiones del Norte. Están
vinculados con el número 1 del Cielo y se relacionan con el
primero de los Cinco Movimientos, precediendo al fuego, la
madera, el metal y la tierra. De ahí que son el origen de las
influencias vitales; ellos constituyen la raíz y el fundamento de
todos los conductos131 (RYDVRV).”

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perspicaz pero, no obstante, tenía que examinar
minuciosamente la forma y los signos del pulso. Si había
siquiera una pizca de duda, estudiaba nuevamente cada
circunstancia, cada elemento de juicio hasta alcanzar la
confirmación.”

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(...), no puedo dejar de admirar su pericia y su talento. (...)
Hasta los primeros 10 años de la era Chien An (año 196 de
nuestra era) de la Dinastía Han del Este, dos tercios de mis
allegados han sucumbido ante las enfermedades. De las
personas que han muerto, 7 de cada 10 lo han hecho de fiebres
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 notorios métodos de tratamiento y he tratado de adaptarlos para
estos casos. He revisado el Su Wen, el Ling Shu, el Nan Jing,
(...), los he combinado con mi experiencia en el diagnóstico
diferencial por medio del pulso, y he escrito el Shang Han Za
Bing Lun, que consta de 16 capítulos. Por medio del contenido
de este libro no se pretende decir que se puede tratar cualquier
enfermedad o apoyar su fundamento teórico, pero al momento
de evaluar los síntomas del paciente puede ayudar a evidenciar
la causa de la enfermedad. Si se puede estudiar con seriedad
este libro que he escrito, se puede obtener una ayuda importante
en la comprensión de las causas y los orígenes de muchas
enfermedades causadas por frío.
“He observado que los médicos de hoy día no tienen en cuenta
el valor de los clásicos, tienen la tendencia a repetir con
superficialidad los conocimientos que ellos apenas han
adquirido en la medicina, (...) y desde el inicio hasta el final
utilizan viejos métodos para el tratamiento de las enfermedades
(...) ¿Cómo pueden conocer acerca de todas las confirmaciones
y las enfermedades solo con la frecuencia del pulso y una
observación tan descuidada? Esto es como contemplar el cielo a
través del orificio de una caña de bambú. (...)”.
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 XVII
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Huangdi preguntó: En el cielo existen Cinco Movimientos
encargados de las cinco direcciones que crean el frío, el calor del
verano, la sequedad, la humedad y el viento. El cuerpo humano tiene
cinco Zang para dar lugar a los cinco Qi y manifiestan la alegría, la
ira, la meditación, el pesar y el temor. En el Capítulo 9214, “Sobre los
Seis Ciclos y las Manifestaciones Orgánicas”, dice que hay Cinco
Movimientos que se alternan para reinar todo el año
ininterrumpidamente, lo que he comprendido bien. ¿Puede
explicarme cómo armonizan con los tres Yin y los tres Yang?

Gui Yu Qu respondió: La pregunta de Su Majestad es realmente una

pregunta difícil. La circulación de los Cinco Movimientos y el Yin y el
Yang son el Dao del Cielo y de la Tierra; son el gran resumen de las
diez mil cosas, los progenitores de la gran mutación, la raíz y el brote
del nacimiento y la destrucción, el palacio de los dioses. ¿Quién se
puede permitir el lujo de no comprender tales cosas?

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En consecuencia, al nacimiento y crecimiento se llama
transformación; al crecer hasta el extremo se llama mutación; lo
incomprensible de Yin y Yang se llama divino; la infinita aplicación
de lo divino se llama sabiduría. La aplicación de la mutación es tal
que existe infinitud en el cielo y en el Dao del hombre, y se le llama
transformación sobre la tierra, y la transformación crea los cinco
sabores, su Dao da origen a sabiduría, su infinitud permite
comprender lo divino.



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 Lo divino es tal que se llama viento en el cielo y madera en la tierra;
se llama calor en el cielo y fuego en la tierra; se llama humedad en el
cielo y tierra en la tierra; se llama sequedad en el cielo y metal en la
tierra; se llama frío en el cielo y agua en la tierra. Por consiguiente, lo
divino deviene en Qi215 en el cielo y en forma216 en la tierra. En la
interacción de la forma y de Qi surgen la transformación y la
mutación que todo lo crean.
Sin embargo, el Cielo y la Tierra son el cenit y el nadir de las diez mil
cosas. La izquierda y la derecha son las vías de Yin y Yang217. Agua y
Fuego simbolizan a Yin y a Yang. Metal y Madera marcan el final y el
comienzo del cambio. La energía puede ser abundante o escasa, la
forma puede ser fuerte o menguante; de modo que, cuando lo alto y lo
bajo se corresponden, las implicaciones de la plenitud y el vacío se
hacen evidentes en el hombre.

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Quisiera oír cómo se alternan los Cinco Movimientos para reinar en
las cuatro estaciones.

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Los Cinco Movimientos se alternan para reinar no solo en las cuatro
estaciones, sino también en un año y en un día y en una hora.

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He consultado el libro clásico Tai Shi Tian Yuan Ce218. En él se
afirma que, en la vasta vacuidad del cielo surge el Qi primordial que
da origen a las diez mil cosas. Los Cinco Movimientos se turnan para
regir a todo lo largo del año, desplegando la energía del cielo en el
verdadero espíritu y regulando la Gran Tierra como soberanos. Las
nueve estrellas y las siete fuentes de luz219 circulan. En consecuencia,
hay allí Yin y Yang; hay allí delicadeza y dureza; de modo tal que la


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 procreación y la transformación persisten infinitamente para dar
origen a las diez mil cosas. En mi familia, este conocimiento se ha
transmitido por diez generaciones.

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Bien, ¿qué quiere decir cuando expresa que la energía puede
encontrarse plena o escasa y que la forma puede ser fuerte o
menguante?

*XL<X4XFRQWHVWy
La energía de Yin y de Yang puede estar en plenitud o en vacío
porque hay tres Yin y tres Yang. Decir que la forma puede ser fuerte o
menguante significa que el imperio de los Cinco Movimientos puede
manifestarse en plenitud o en vacío en cada caso. Al comienzo puede
estar en plenitud, pero a la plenitud le seguirá el vacío y, al cabo de
cierto tiempo, el vacío será reemplazado por la plenitud. Cuando se
comprende la mutación entre la plenitud y el vacío, se puede predecir
el estado de Qi con precisión.

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