RESEARCH PAPER TEMPLATE

North American University

Education Department
M.Ed. in EDLE & CUIN
EDUC 5312: CURRICULUM AND INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN

Name:_______SEVDA ERDAS__________ Date: _______MARCH 10, 2019__________

Instructional Project 3

Directions:

This is a research assignment. Use your textbook, web articles, and NAU library to conduct research
when writing this paper.

Use APA style references and in-text- citations. You need to use at least 3 different resources
besides Castronova (2002), and Moore (2015).

Part 1. DISCOVERY LEARNING:

Download and read the following article:

 Castronova, J. A. (2002). Discovery learning for the 21st century: What is it and how
does it compare to traditional learning in effectiveness in the 21st century. Action
Research Exchange, 1(1), 1-12. Retrived from
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.594.6363&rep=rep1&type=pdf
 After reading this article and conducting additional research, answer to the following
questions.

What is discovery learning?

Discovery Learning is an active, hands-on style of learning where the student participates actively in
the learning process rather than passively receiving knowledge as if he were an empty vessel to be
filled by the instructor. It is an approach to instruction through which students interact with their
environment by exploring and manipulating objects, wrestling with questions and controversies, or
performing experiments and is supported by the theories of learning and understanding from
cognitive psychology and constructivist ideologies. Students are encouraged to think, ask questions,
hypothesize, speculate, cooperate and collaborate with others and develop confidence in problem
solving and in using what is in their own minds.
How does this form of teaching compare to traditional, teacher-centered instruction?

The five major differences between discovery learning and traditional learning are (Bonwell,
1998; Mosca & Howard 1997; Papert, 2000):

 Learning is active rather than passive

 Learning is process-based rather than fact-based ß Failure is important
 Feedback is necessary
 Understanding is deeper

What educational theories support the discovery learning model?

There are four components to the Discovery Learning Theory:

1. Curiosity and uncertainty

2. Structure of knowledge
3. Sequencing
4. Motivation

What is the most important thing you discovered about discovery learning?

 I liked most that it supports active engagement of the student in the learning process and it
Provides high motivation because students have the opportunity to experiment

How can you apply this method to your future classroom?

 Firstly I will spark curiosity by giving them interesting projects. I will group them and let them
discuss and solve thing out. I will also allow them make mistake .I will not wait till end of the
class ,I will interact with them and see their questions and approaches.

Part 2. ADDITIONAL CHAPTERS

 Select one of the following chapters to conduct research: Chapter 2, 3, 5 or 12. Review
the chapter and respond to related questions for that chapter by conducting your own
research.

Chapter 2- Teaching Diverse Students

1. Teaching all students. Remember that a teacher’s job is to teach all students and assume an
attitude that all students can learn. Research techniques and strategies that can be used to
accomplish this task. Sources of information include the library, the Internet, current journals, and
recent books.
2. Intelligence profile. Evaluate your own intelligence profile according to Gardner. In what frames
of mind (intelligence areas) do you come out strongest?

Chapter 3- Managing Classroom Environment

1. Discipline approaches. Analyze the three approaches to classroom management. Which

approach, if any, do you prefer? Can you put together parts of the different approaches and come up
with an eclectic approach that you think would work for you? Can you identify some basic concepts
that appear to be true of all three approaches?

2. Causes of misbehavior. Think back over the classes you have attended in which there have
been disciplinary incidents. List the possible causes for any such misbehavior. How might knowledge
of the causes of these incidents influence a teacher’s actions? Some behavior problems are teacher
created and some are student centered. Can you think of examples?

Chapter 5- Using Classroom Technology

1. How does technology enhance the teacher’s ability to plan instruction? Use one of the available
search engines to explore the web for technological tools such as lesson planning software,
worksheets and puzzle tools, poster and bulletin board production tools, and time management tools
that will assist you in planning. Share your findings with your class.

2. Technology offers tools that can help students learn. To what technology should students have
access? Do you have any educational concerns about the use of these technologies in schools? If
so, what are they? If not, why not?

Chapter 12- Teaching Effective Thinking Strategies

1. Teaching methods. What teaching methods and procedures can be used to improve
students’ critical thinking abilities? Creative thinking abilities?
Critical Thinking
 CATS (Classroom Assessment Techniques)
 Cooperative Learning Strategies
 Case Study /Discussion Method
 Using Questions
 Reciprocal Peer Questioning
 Reader's Questions
  Conference Style Learning
 Dialogues
 Use Writing Assignments
 Ambiguity

Creative thinking
We need to improve these three aspect
 Fluency
 Flexibility
 Elaboration

2. Thinking. What type of thinking is emphasized in most schools? Is critical thinking rewarded?
Creative thinking? Is school success based on students’ ability to think critically? Creatively?
Generally knowledge is transferring to the students rather than making them to think creatively or
critically. Educators agree that the development of higher order or cognitive intellectual abilities is of
utmost importance and that critical thinking ''is central to both personal success and national needs'.
The critical thinking module measures students' ability to clarify, analyze, evaluate, and extend
arguments. What is of utmost importance is creating a classroom that encourages collaboration,
open dialogue, and an acceptance of diverse values, beliefs, and perspectives. Students should be
allowed to openly express their opinions without fear of judgment, censure, or reproach, and
educators can encourage optimal critical thinking behaviors and attitudes through effective modeling
of those behaviors.

3. The environment. What type of classroom environment would be conducive to developing critical
thinking? Creative thinking? What problems can you foresee in establishing this environment?
 Create a compassionate, accepting environment
 Be present with students’ ideas
 Encourage autonomy
 Re-word assignments to promote creative thinking
 Give students direct feedback on their creativity
 Help students know when it’s appropriate to be creative
 Use creative instructional strategies, models, and methods
 Channel the creativity impulses in “misbehavior.
 Protect and support your students’ intrinsic motivation
 Make it clear to students that creativity requires effort
 Explicitly discuss creativity myths and stereotypes with your students
 Experiment with activities where students can practice creative thinking.

The downside of critical thinking skills is that they can lead you into new and frightening
territory. You might find yourself questioning the values, even t he religion, by which you
were raised. There is a certain existential comfort in someone else telling you how the
world works, then blindly clinging to those tenets. The price of this simple comfort is
forgoing a deeper understanding of how the world works , and all the opportunities this
deeper thinking provides. While you can use your thinking skills to find new tenets that
make sense, a modified version of those original tenets, or a new understanding of those
original tenets, you might feel lost as you move between points A and B

Part 3. REFERENCES:
 Cite at least 5 References in APA.
 You need to use at least 3 different resources besides Castronova (2002), and Moore
(2015).
 You may use http://www.citationmachine.net/apa/cite-a-journal for citing your sources
in APA style.

References:

1. Critical Thinking. March 8, retrieved from https://www.utc.edu/walker-center-teaching-

learning/teaching-resources/ct-ps.php
2. Supriyanti, F. M., & Halimatul, H. S. (2018). Improving students’ creative thinking skill through
local material-based experiment (LMBE) on protein qualitative test. OP Conf. Series: Journal
of Physics:,1013th ser., 1-5. doi:doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1013/1/012091
3. Alireza Karbalaei (2012). CRITICAL THINKING AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT. Retrieved from
http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0123-34322012000200001

4. Micah McDunnigan. The Advantages & Disadvantages of Critical Thinking. Retrieved

from https://classroom.synonym.com/advantages-disadvantages-critical-
thinking-8327950.html

5. Emily Sandford Brown . Discovery Learning in the Classroom (2006). Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305174476

6. Barbour, Samantha Colleen, "A study of teaching methods to enhance creativity and critical
thinking in graphic design" (2016). Graduate Theses and Dissertations.
15661.
 https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/15661

7. Moore, K. (2015). Effective instructional strategies: From theory to practice (4th ed.). Los
Angeles: Sage.

/;I