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Exercise 1
Calculate double integrals over a rectangle R.
a)
Z Z p
xy 1 + x2 + y 2 · dA R : 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, 0 ≤ y ≤ 1
R
Z 1 Z 1 p Z 1 Z 1 p
xy 1+ x2 + y2 · dxdy = y[ x 1 + x2 + y 2 · dx]dy
0 0 0 0
b)
Z Z
1
· dA R : 0 ≤ x ≤ 2, 0 ≤ y ≤ 1
R (x + y + 1)3
Z 1Z 2
1
· dxdy
0 0 (x + y + 1)3
1
1 ZZ 1 2 Z 1 2
−1 −1
Z
du
dy = · dy =
0 u3 0 2u2 0
0 2 (x + y + 1)2 0
1 1
−1 1 1 1
Z Z
dy dy 1 1
= 2
+ 2
= −
2 0 (y + 3) 2 0 (y + 1) 2 (y + 3) 0 2 (y + 1) 0
1 1 1 1 1 −1 1 5
= · − − · −1 = + =
2 4 3 2 2 24 4 24
c)
Z Z
xsin(xy)dA R : 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, π ≤ y ≤ 2π
R
Z 1 Z 2π Z 1 Z 2π
xsin(xy)dydx = xsin(xy)dy dx
0 π 0 π
Z 1 2π Z 1
= − cos(xy) · dx = − cos(2πx) + cos(πx) · dx
0 π 0
Z 1 Z 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
− −cos(2πx) dx + cos(πx) dx = − sen(2πx) + sen(πx)
2π 0 π 0 2π 0 π 0
−1 1
= (0) + (0) = 0
2π π
d)
Z Z
(2x − 3y 2 ) · dA R : −1 ≤ x ≤ 1, 0 ≤ y ≤ 1
R
Z Z Z 2 Z 1 Z 1
2 2
(2x − 3y ) · dxdy = 2x dx − 3y dx dy
R 0 −1 −1
Z 2 1 1 Z 2 Z 2
2 2
(12 − (−1)2 ) − 3y 2 (1 + 1) dy = −6 y 2 dy
= x − 3y x dy =
0 −1 −1 0 0
2
3
= −2y = −2 (8) = −16
0
2
e)
√
Z Z
xcos(x2 + y)dA R : − π ≤ x ≤ 0, 0 ≤ y ≤ π
R
Exercise 2:
Calculate double integrals over a rectangle R.
a)
x2
ZZ
2
dxdy R : 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, 0 ≤ y ≤ 1
R 1+y
" # " 1 #
Z 1Z 1 Z 1 Z 1 1
x2 2 1 x3 1 1 π π
2
= x dx · 2
dy = · arctan(y) = arctan(1) − arctan(0) = · − 0 =
0 1+y 0 1+y 3 0 3 3 4 1
0 0 0
b)
ZZ
x
dxdy R : 0 ≤ x ≤ 2, 1 ≤ y ≤ e
R y
" # " e #
Z 2 Z e 2
1 x2 4 0
xdx · dy = · ln y = ( − ) · (ln e − ln 1) = 2 · 1 = 2
1 y 2 0 2 2
0 1
c)
ZZ
ex−y dxdyR : −1 ≤ x ≤ 1, −1 ≤ 1
R
" # " 1 #
1 1
Z Z 1
−y −y 1
x x
= (e1 − e−1 )(e1 − e−1 ) = (e1 − e−1 )2 = e2 − 2 + 2
e dx · e dy = e · −e
−1 −1 −1 −1 e
3
d)
ZZ
xy(x2 + y 2 )dxdy R : 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, 0 ≤ y ≤ 1
R
"Z # "Z # "Z # "Z
Z 1Z 1 Z 1 Z 1 Z 1 Z 1 1 1 1 1
3 3 3 3 3
(x y + xy )dxdy = x ydxdy + xy dxdy = x dx · ydy + xdx · xy
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
"1 # " 2 1 # " 2 1 # " 4 1 #
x4 y x y 1 1 1 1 1
= · + · = · + · =
4 0 2 0 2 0 4 0 4 2 2 4 4
e)
ZZ
π π π
cos x + ydxdy R:− ≤ x ≤ ,0 ≤ y ≤
R 4 4 4
Z π Z π Z π4 Z π4 "Z π
# "Z π
# "Z π
# "
4 4 4 4 4
cos x cos ydxdy + − sin x sin ydxdy = cos xdx · cos ydy + − sin xdx ·
0 −π
4 0 −π
4 −π
4 −π
4 −π
4
" π4 # " π4 # " π4 # " π4 # " # " # " # "
1 1 1 1 1
= sin x · sin y + cos x · − cos y = √ − (− √ ) · √ − (0) + √ − √ · −
−π 4 − π
4 − π
4 − π
4
2 2 2 2 2
2 1 2
= √ ·√ = =1
2 2 2
f)
ZZ
x
xy ln dxdy R : 1 ≤ x ≤ e, 1 ≤ y ≤ 2
R y
Exercise 3
RR
Write down the formula for R
f (x, y) dxdy as an iterated double integral if D
is a region bounded by the following curves. Sketch the region in each case.
a)
In x2 + y 2 = 25, when y = 0, we have x√= ±5 for the upper limit respect to dx
We find y in the equation to get y = ± 25 − x2 for the upper limit respect to
dy The formula for the double integral, when dA = dydx is:
√
Z 5 Z 25−x2
f (x, y) · dy dx
0 0
4
Figure 1: x = 0, y = 0, x2 + y 2 = 25 (x, y ≥ 0)
b)
√
Figure 2: y = x1 , y= x, x=2
√
We isolate y in y = x1 , y= x, and we have
1 √
− x=0
x
x=1
When x = 1 the two functions intersect. So the integrals are:
Z 2 Z √x
f (x, y) · dy dx
1
1 x
c)
We isolate y in x2 + y = 2, y 3 = x2 to find the intersection point.
2
2 − x2 = x 3
2
x 3 + x2 = 2
x = ±1
When the area is limited by x = 0, the value of x is just 1. Then the integrals
are: Z 1 Z 2−x2
f (x, y)dy dx
0 x2/3
5
Figure 3: x2 + y = 2, y 3 = x2 , x=0
Exercise 4:
Reverse the order of integration in the following integrals. Evaluate both inte-
grals. What is the geometric representation of the integrals? Sketch the region
in each case.
a)
Z 1 Z ln x
dx 1dy
0 0
Si:
y = ln x
entonces, podemos exponenciar ambos lados de la ecuación:
ey = eln x
lo que resulta en: x = ey
Esto nos da la traza principal (la función lı́mite superior) ahora dependiente
de ”x”. El lı́mite inferior es cero por que se empieza desde el eje coordenado.
6
Figure 4: Grafica ilustrativa
7
Después tenemos que encontrar los valores de ”y” que nos den la evaluación
completa, por lo que con un poco de análisis podemos deducir lo siguiente:
Lo que significa que para calcular esa área debemos partir desde y = 0 hasta
y = − inf, para comprobar pondremos nuestros nuevos lı́mites cambiando el
orden de integración de la siguiente manera:
Z 1 Z ln x Z −∞ Z ey Z −∞ ey Z −∞ −∞
y
= e−∞ − e0 = −1
dx 1dy = = x dy = e dy = x
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
b)
√
Z 1 Z y
dy dx
0 y2
En este caso las trazas que determinan el área encerrada son dos, y el orden
de integración es de la forma ”dxdy”, por lo que las funciones de las curvas son:
√
y= x
2
y=x
√ √
Z 1 Z y Z 1 Z x
dy dx = dx dy
0 y2 0 x2
c)
π
Z 2
Z 2
1dy
0 sinx
8
Figure 5: Grafica ilustrativa
9
Estas funciones tienen un orden de integración de la forma ”dydx” por lo
que la primera integral nos dará sus valores de forma y = f (x), el lı́mite inferior
es una función seno y el superior es una constante en y = 2. Después obtenemos
el periodo en el que se evaluará que es desde 0 → π2
, lo que es un cuarto del periodo.
Si:
y = sin x
Entonces:
x = arcsin y
Y con esta información finalmente podemos revertir el orden de integración
para que quede de la forma:
10
π
Z 2
Z 2 Z 1 Z arcsin y
1dy = dy 1dx
0 sinx 0 0
Exercise 5
a)
√
Figure 7: D : y = − x, y = x1 , x = 1, x = 2
Z Z
x2 y · dA
D
2 1/x 1/x 2
y 2
Z Z Z
2 2
√
x y dxdy = x · √ dx
1 − x 1 2 − x
Z 2
√ 2
1 2 1 2 2
= x −x − x dx
1 2 x
Z 2
1 1 3
= − x dx
1 2 2
1 1 1 1
= (2) − (1) − ( (2)4 − (1)
2 2 8 8
1 16 1
=1− − +
2 8 8
11
=−
8
11
√
Figure 8: D : y = −x2 + 4, y = 3 x, y = 0
b)
Z Z
xy · dA
D
Z 1 Z −x2 +4 Z 1 Z −x2 +4
√
xy dydx = x √
y dy dx
0 x 0 x
1
xy 2
Z
= dx
0 2
Z 1 2 √ 2
(x)(−x2 + 4) (3 x)
= − dx
0 2 2
Z 1
(x)(x4 − 8x2 + 16) 9x2
= − dx
0 2 2
1 1 5
Z
= (x − 8x3 + 16x − 9x2 )dx
2 0
1
1 x6
2 2 3
= − 2x + 8x − 3x
2 6 0
1 1
= −2+8−3
2 6
19
=
12
12
c)
Figure 9: D : y = x2 , y 2 = x
Z Z
(x2 + y) · dA
D
We isolate y to find the intersection points
√
x = x2
√
x2 − x = 0
x = 0, x=1
Z 1 Z √
x Z 1 √
2 x
y
(x2 + y) dydx = x2 y + dx
0 x2 0 2 x2
Z 1
x4
5/2 x 4
= x + − x + dx
0 2 2
Z 1
1 1 3 1 4
Z Z
= x5/2 dx + x dx − x dx
0 2 0 2 0
1 1 1
2x7/2 1 2 3 5
= dx + x − x
7 04 0 10 0
2 1 3
= + −
7 4 10
33
=
140
13
d)
Figure 10: D : y = x1 , y = x, x = 2
x2
Z Z
· dA
D y2
We isolate y to find the intersection point
1
x=
x
1
x− =0
x
x=1
2 x 2 x
x2
Z Z Z Z
dy
dydx = x2 dx
1 1/x y2 1 1/x y
2
Z 2 x
1
= x2 − dx
1 y 1/x
Z 2
= (−x + x3 ) dx
1
4 2
2
x2
x
= −
4 1 2 1
1 1
=4− −2+
4 2
9
=
4
14
e)
Figure 11: D : y = x2 , y = 4 − x2
Z Z
dxdy
D
We isolate y to find the intersection point
x2 = 4 − x2
2x2 − 4 = 0
√ √
2(x − 2)(x + 2) = 0
√
x=± 2
And we use the symmetry to simplify the integral
√ √ 4−x2
Z 2 Z 4−x2 Z 2
2 dydx = 2 y dx
0 x2 0 x 2
√
Z 2
=2 (4 − 2x2 ) dx
0
√ √
Z 2 Z 2
=2 4 dx − 2 2x2 dx
0 0
√ √
√ 4 2 16 2
=2 4 2− =
3 3
15
f)
Z Z
2x · dA
D
We isolate y to find the intersection points
√
x + 2 = −x
√
x+2+x=0
x = −1
√
Z 2 Z x+2 Z 2 √
2x dydx = 2x( x + 2 + x) dx
−1 −x −1
Z 2 √
Z 2
=2 x x + 2 dx + 2 x2 dx
−1 −1
16
g)
Z Z
2xy · dA
D
x2 = 2 + |x|
x2 − |x| − 2 = 0
x = 2, x = −2
Z 2 Z 2+|x| Z 2 Z 2+|x|
2xy dydx = 2x y dy dx
−2 x2 −2 x2
2 x2
y 2
Z
= 2x dx
−2 2 2+|x|
Z 0 Z 2
2 2
= x (2 + (−x)) − x5 dx + x (2 + x) − x5 dx
−2 0
Z2
= x5 dx
−2
2
x6
=
6 −2
= 12 − 12
=0
17
h)
√ √
Figure 14: D : y = − x, y = −2 x, 1 ≤ x ≤ 4
Z Z
(x + 2y) · dA
D
Z 4 Z √
− x Z 4 −√x
2
√
(x + 2y) dydx = xy + y √ dx
1 −2 x 1 −2 x
Z 4
x3/2 − 3x dx
=
1
Z 4 Z 4
= x3/2 dx − 3 x dx
1 1
2 4
2 x5/2
3x
= −
5 2 1
64 48 2 3
=( − )−( − )
5 2 5 2
56 11
=− +
5 10
101
=−
10
Exercise 6:
Calculate double integrals over regions bounded by given curves. Sketch the
region in each case
18
a)
ZZ
(x2 + y 2 )dxdy D : x2 + y 2 ≤ 4
D
2π 2 2π 2 Z 2π Z 2π
r4
ZZ Z Z Z
2 3 16
dθ = 4θ)2π = 8π
r rdrdθ = r drdθ = = dθ = 4
D 0 0 0 4 0
0 4 0
e)
Z Z p Z Z p
2 2 2
x x + y dxdy → r2 cos2 θ r2 (cos2 θ + sen2 θ)rdrdθ (1)
D D
dA = dxdy = rdrdθ
x2 = r2 cos2 θ
y 2 = r2 sen2 θ
Z Z
r2 cos2 θr2 drdθ (2)
D
Graficamos la función para obtener los limites de la integral
x2 + y 2 ≤ 1
y≥x
r2 (cos2 θ + sen2 θ) ≤ 1
r2 ≤ 1
r≤1
Z Z Z π Z 1
r2 cos2 θr2 drdθ → r2 cos2 r2 drdθ (3)
D 0 0
π 1 π 1 π 1
r5
Z Z Z Z Z
4 2 4 2 2
r cos θdr dθ = r cos θdr dθ = cos θ dθ
0 0 0 0 0 5 0
(4)
Se utiliza la identidad trigonometrica:
cos2θ = cos2 θ − sen2 θ
sen2 θ + cos2θ = cos2 θ
sen2 θ = 1 − cos2 θ
cos2θ 1
cos2 θ = +
2 2
1 π cos2θ 1
Z Z π Z π
1 1 1 1 π 1 π
+ dθ = cos2θdθ+ dθ = [sen2θ]0 + [θ]0 =
5 0 2 2 5 2 0 10 0 10 10
(5)
19
Resultado
π
10
f)
RR 1
D
p dxdy
x2 + y 2
D : x2 + y 2 ≥ 1, x2 + y 2 ≤ 4, y ≥ x
Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z
1 1 1
√ rdrdθ = √ rdrdθ = rdrdθ = 1drdθ
D r cos θ + r2 sen2 θ
2 2
D r2 D r D
(6)
x2 + y 2 ≥ 1
x2 + y 2 ≥ 4
x≥y
Z π Z 2 Z π Z π
2
drdθ = [r]1 dθ = dθ = θ |π0 = (7)
0 1 0 0
Resultado:
πu
Exercise 7
Using a double integral, calculate the area of regions given in Exercise 3, Exercise
5 and Exercise 6.
Area exercise 3
a)
√
Z 5 Z 25−x2
dydx
0 0
20
Z 5 √25−x2 Z 5 p
y dx = 25 − x2 dx
0 0 0
5
xp 2
25 −1 x
=( 25 − x + sen )
2 2 5 0
5√ 25 25
= 25 − 25 + sen−1 (1) − sen−1 (0)
2 2 2
= 25 π
b)
√
Z 2 Z x
dydx
1 1/x
√x 2 Z 2
√
Z
1
y dx = ( x − ) dx
1 1/x 1 x
Z 2 Z 2 2
√
dx 2
= ( )x3/2 − ln(x)
x−
1 1 x 3 1
2 √ 2 4√ 2
8 − ln2 − + ln(1) = 2 − − ln(2)
3 3 3 3
2 √
= (2 2 − 1) − ln(2)
3
c)
Z 1 Z 2−x2
dydx
0 x2/3
Z 1 2−x2 Z 1
(2 − x2 − x2/3 ) dx
y
dx =
0 2/3
x 0
Z 1 Z 1 Z 1
2
=2 dx − x dx − x2/3 dx
0 0 0
1
x3 3
− x5/3 )
= (2x −
3 5 0
1 3 30 5 9
=2− − = − −
3 5 15 15 15
16
=
15
21
Area exercise 5
a)
Z 2Z 1/x Z 2
x−1
Z 2 √ Z 2 Z 2 √
√
dydx = (y)−√x dx = (x−1 + 2)dx = x−1 dx + x dx
1 − x 1 1 1 1
2
!2 √
2x 3 2 2 2 8−2
(ln x)21 + = ln 2 + [(2) − 1] = ln 2 +
3
3 3 3
1
b)
√ 3
!1
1 x 1 √ x3
Z Z Z
2 2x 2 2 1 1
dydx = ( x − x ) dx = − = − =
0 x2 0 3 3 3 3 3
0
c)
√
Z 1 Z 3 x Z 2 Z −x2 +4 Z 1 √
Z 2
3 x 2
dydx + dydx = (y)0 dx + (y)−x
0
+4
dx =
0 0 1 0 0 1
3
!1 2
Z 1 √
Z 2 3
2 2x 2 x
3 x dx + (−x + 4)dx = 3 + − + 4x =
0 1 3 3 1
0
3 16 11 27
2(1) + 2 + =2+ = 2 + 9 = 11
3 3 3
d)
1 1
Z 2 Z Z 2 Z Z 2
x x 1
dydx = dy dx = − x dx
1 x 1 x 1 x
2
x2
1
= ln(x) − = ln(2) − 2 −
2 1 2
3
= ln(2) −
2
e)
√ √ 4−x2
Z 2 Z 4−x2 Z 2
2 dydx = 2 y dx
0 x2 0 2
x
√ √ √
Z 2 Z 2 Z 2
2
=2 (4 − 2x ) dx = 2 4 dx − 2 2x2 dx
0 0 0
√ √
√ 4 2 16 2
=2 4 2− =
3 3
22
f)
2
√
x+2 2 √x+2 2 √
Z Z Z Z
dydx = y dx = ( x + 2 + x)dx
−1 −x −1 −x −1
2 2 2 2
√ x2
Z Z Z
1
= x + 2dx + xdx = u du + = 2
−1 −1 −1 2 −1
3 2 3 2 3 3
x2 x2
2u 2 2(x + 2) 2 2(4) 2 4 2(1) 2 1
= + = + = + ] − [ + =
3 2 −1 3 2 −1 3 2 3 2
16 4 2 1 44 7 37
( + )−( + )= − =
3 2 3 2 6 6 6
g)
Z 2Z 2+|x| 2 2+|x| 2 2 Z 2
x3
Z Z
2
dydx = y
dx = 2 + |x| − x dx = 2x − + |x|dx
−2 x2 −2 2 x −2 3 −2 −2
2 0 2 2
−x2 0 x2
Z Z Z
= |x|dx = −xdx + xdx = |−2 + = 2 + 2 = 4
−2 −2 0 2 2 0
2
x3 8 8 16 20
= 2x − |2−2 + 4 = 4 + 4 − − + 4 = 12 −
=
−2 3 3 3 3 3
h)
√
Z 4 Z − x Z 4 √ √
Z 4 √
√
dydx = (− x + 2 x) dx = x dx
1 −2 x 1 1
4
2x3/2 14
= =
3 1 3
Exercise 8
a)
y = x2 , y = 1, z = 0, z = 2y
y = x2 ; y = 1
x = ±1
Z 1 Z 1 Z 2y Z 1 Z 1 2y
dzdydx = z dydx =
−1 x2 0 −1 x 2
0
23
1 1 Z 1
y 2
Z
2· = [(12 ) − (x2 )2 ]dx
−1 2 2 −1
Z 1 Z 1 Z 1
[(1) − (x2 )]dx = dx − x4 dx
−1 −1 −1
1
1 x5
x|−1 + =
5 −1
1 1
(1) − (−1) − − − =
5 5
1 1 2 10 2 8
2− + =2+ = − =
5 5 5 5 5 5
b)
x = 0, y = 0, x + y = 1, z = 0, z = 2xy
x + y = 1; y = 0; x=1
c=1
Z 1 Z 1−x
2xydydx
0 0
1 1
y 2 1−x
Z Z
2x · | dx = x(1 − x)2 dx
0 2 0 0
Z 1 Z 1 Z 1 Z 1
x(1 − 2x + x2 )dx = xdx − 2 x2 dx + x3 dx
0 0 0 0
x2 1 x3 x4
|0 − 2 · |10 + |10 =
2 3 4
1 2 1 6−8+3 1
− + = =
2 3 4 12 12
24
c)
Z 2 Z 5−2x Z xy
dzdydz =
0 1 0
Z 2 Z 5−2x
xydydx =
0 1
2
y2
Z
x =
0 2
Z 2
1
· [(5 − 2x)2 − 1]dx =
0 2
Z 2
1
x[25 − 25 − 20x + 4(x2 ) − 1]dx =
0 2
1 2
Z
24x − 20(x2 ) + 4(x3 )dx =
2 0
24 2 2 20 3 2 4 4 2
· x |0 − x |0 + x |0 =
4 6 8
80
24 + 8 −
3
80
32 −
3
16
3
Exercise 9
√
Calculate the volume of a solid with base bounded by curves y = x + 2,
y = −x, x = 2 having a height equal 9.
The height is a constant, so z takes values from 0 to√ 9. We need to find the
intersection point. For that, we isolate the y in y = x + 2 and y = −x.
√
x + 2 = −x
x + 2 = x2
x = −1
When x = −1 the two functions intersect. Now we have all the data to propose
the integral:
Z Z Z Z 9 Z 2 Z √x+2
V = dv = dydxdz
R 0 −1 −x
25
√
Figure 15: y = x + 2, y = −x, x=2
9 √x+2
2 Z 9Z 2
√
Z Z
= y
· dx dz = x + 2 + x · dx dz
0 −1 −x 0 −1
Z 9 2 2
2(x + 2)3/2 x2 37 9
Z
111
= + 2 dz = dz =
0 3 −1 −1 6 0 2
Exercise 11
26
z = 8 − 2x − 2y
∂z ∂z
= = −2
∂x ∂y
Z 4 Z 4−x p Z 4 Z 4−x
(−2)2 + (−2)2 + 1 · dydx = 3 dydx
0 0 0 0
Z 4
= (4 − x) dx
0
4
x2
= 3 4x −
2 0
= 3 · (16 − 8) = 24
27