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A B C D E F G H I
TENSION DEVELOPMENT
Bar_# 7 0.88" dia. bar size Fy 60 ksi/f'c 4.0 ksi see below
top bar 1 0/1 yes no / yes more than 12" concrete below bar
L available 63 in available space for embed or hook (for flag) 9.63" compression embe
fy 60 k/in2
rebar yeild strength 31.29" tension embed
f'c 4 k/in2 concrete compressive strength 46.94" tension embed ot

cover 3 in concrete side cover Figure 52-1 Reinforcing embed leng

0 logic
spacing 4 in !! 6" c-c spacing & 3" min. side cover required
1 logic
a 1.3 unit 1+ top_bar * 0.3

Coating per 99 ACI 12.2.4

Epoxy coated bars and wire w/ less 1.5
than 3 db cover or 6 db spacing
Other epoxy coated wire 1.2
Uncoated reinforcement 1.0

for epoxy bars use 1.5

b 1 factor coating factor for plain and/or epoxy

coated rebar
ACI 12.2.4 not to exceed a * b = 1.7

ab 1.3 unitless =MIN(b * TOP, 1.7) Figure 52-2 Reinforcing

g 1.0 unitless bar size factor #3 to #6 = 0.8, #7 and larger = 1.0
l 1 factor for lightweight concrete = 1.3 or fct factor, normalweight concrete = 1.0
A tr 0.6 in2 area of transverse reinforcing at spacing
s 99 ACI 12.2.4
f yt 40 ksi yeild strength of transverse
reinforcement, ties, and stirrups
s 6 in spacing of transverse reinforcement
n 2 quantity number of bars being developed
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A B C D E F G H I
K tr 1.333 unitless =A tr * f yt /(1500 s* n)
K tr may = 0 for simplification even
when transverse reinforcing is present

Calculation 1 where spacing > db, clear cover > db, and
stirrups or ties throughout ld at or better than code minimum
ld/db 49.3 fy * a * b * l / (25 * f'c ) tension for #3 - #6
ld/db 61.7 fy * a * b * l / (20 * f'c ) tension for #7 and larger

Calculation 2 Other cases

ld/db 74.0 3 * fy * a * b * l / (50 * f'c ) tension for #3 - #6
ld/db 92.5 3 * fy * a * b * l / (40 * f'c ) tension for #7 and larger

Calculation 3 minimum for calculations 1 and 2 where minimum embed = 12" 99 ACI 12.2.3
2.5 =min((cover + K tr) /(bar/8), 2.5)
ld/db 37.0 = 3/40 *f y / f' c * ab * g * l / min((cover + K tr) /(bar/8), 2.5)

As req / As 58 % As required / As provided flexural reinforcing except:

0.58 fraction member is a part of primary load resisting system 99 ACI 12.11.2
required shrinkage and temperature reinforcement 99 ACI 7.12.2.3
bottom bars within the column strip 99 ACI 13.3.8.5

37.9 tension for #3 - #6 =fy*1000/(25* fc*1000 )

47.4 tension for #7 and larger
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A B C D E F G H I
TENSION DEVELOPMENT -- Continued
DEVELOPMENT TABLE Based Upon Fy 60 ksi, f'c 4 ksi, Beta 1.0, reinforcing above 12" of the bottom of the pour
Bar Tension Tension
Size# Area Calc 1 Calc 2 Calc 3 ldb
in 2
Basic Other cases K tr minimum in
0 0 0 92.5 0
3 0.11 18.5 21.5 27.7 21.5 2.500 37.0 6.94
4 0.20 24.7 21.5 37.0 21.5 2.500 37.0 12.33
5 0.31 30.8 21.5 46.2 26.8 2.500 37.0 19.27
6 0.44 37.0 21.5 55.5 32.2 2.500 37.0 27.75
7 0.60 54.0 31.3 80.9 46.9 2.500 37.0 47.21
8 0.79 61.7 35.8 92.5 53.6 2.500 37.0 61.66
9 1.00 69.4 40.2 104.1 60.4 2.500 37.0 78.04
10 1.27 77.1 44.7 115.6 67.1 2.500 37.0 96.35
11 1.56 84.8 49.2 127.2 73.8 2.500 37.0 116.58
14 2.25 107.9 62.6 161.9 93.9 2.476 37.4 188.85
18 4.00 138.7 80.5 208.1 120.7 1.926 48.0 312.18

Area 0.60 in2 for #7 bar

ld_table 31.3 in ldb basic bar development length
ld_table 46.9 in ldb bar development length for "other casses"

. Tension embedment 31.3 required <63.00" allowed

. Tension embedment 46.9 required <63.00" allowed for other cases

COMPRESSION DEVELOPMENT ldb_c is the basic compression developm

ldb_c 16.6 in =0.02 * bar /8 * fy / f'c*1000 * 1000 99 ACI 12.3.2
15.8 in =0.0003 * bar /8 * fy * 1000

As req / As 58 % As required / As provided compression reinforcing

0.58 fraction

Spiral / tie 1 factor where reinforcing is confined per 99 ACI 12.3.3.2

use 0.75 -- when reinforced with spirals or ties (per code)
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A B C D E F G H I
ldb 9.6 in

61.02" tension lap

26.25" compression lap

Figure 52-4 Reinforcing lap distances.

Fy 60 ksi yeild strength of reinforcing

f'c 3 ksi compressive strength of concrete
fct 1 ksi average splitting tensile strength of lightweight
aggregate concrete
1.0 factor =MAX (6.7 * f'c / fct, 1.0)
l 1.0 factor for lightweight concrete = 1.3 or fct factor,
normalweight concrete = 1.0
Pt 32.4 k_ult 0.9 * Fy * area
Figure 52-5 Compression reinforcem
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A B C D E F G H I
FLEXURAL REINFORCEMENT DEVELOPMENT
Mn 16.3 k-ft/ ft Unfactored moment capacity
Vu required 6.5 k_ult / ft Required ultimate shear
d 9 in depth of reinforcing
compression 0 0/1 no no / yes confinement by compressive reaction

[Vn'] 12 k ult . 54% Provided shear capacity phi*Vn 99 ACI 11.1.1 (11 - 1) input the valu
%_cont 0% % of reinforcing after cutoff Figure 52-6 Reinforcing lap distance

FLEXURAL DEVELOPMENT at SUPPORTS and POINTS OF INFLECTION

la 10.5 in MAX(d, 12 * Bar_# / 8) at inflection point length beyond point of inflection or
Mn_ 16.33 k-ft Unfactored moment capacity embedment length beyond the center
Vu_ 6.5 k ult Required shear
[Mn/Vu] 30.1 in Mn / Vu * 12
compression 1.00 unit 1+ comp * 0.30 0/1 no confinement by compressive re
ld positive 40.6 in compression * [Mn / Vu] + la 99 ACI 12.11.3 (12-2)
ld' 31.3 in ld <= ld positive
1 logic OK The 1.3 factor is useable la = 10.5"
only when the reaction
confines the end of the
reinforcement

.Positive Moment Development 31.29 required < ld 31.29" provided la + 1.0 * Mn/Vu = 40.6" m

The 1.3 factor is useable Figure 52-7 Reinforcing developmen

only when the reaction
confines the end of the
reinforcement

Embedment
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A B C D E F G H I
.Positive Moment Development 31.29 required < ld 40.65" provided

Figure 52-8 Reinforcing developmen

Tension zone development / embedme

Flexural reinforcement terminated in a tension zone must satisfy: used in rebar cut-off where
reinforcing is not required to resist mo
[Vu/Vn] 0.542 . Required Vu/ (provided F Vn) <= 2/3
Cond_1 1 logic 99 ACI 12.10.5.1

Av_excess 0 99 ACI 12.10.5.2 not included here

#11_max 1 logic #11 and smaller bars

%_cont' 0 logic % after cutoff >= 2*Mu required
[Vu/Vn]' 1 logic Required_Vu / phi*Vn_allow <= 3/4 Figure 52-9 Flexural reinforcing in a
Cond_3 0 logic [Vu/Vn] * #11_max * %_cont' ACI 12.10.5.3

tens_emb 1 logic 1 = tension zone embedment allowed for this Vu / (phi * Vn) 54%
configuration Mu_req'd / Mu_provided 0%
Condition 1, .. has been met
Tension embedment permitted Tension embedment permitted
Condition 1, .. 0
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A B C D E F G H I
BAR DEVELOPMENT and HOOKS
Bar_# 7# referenced from above
fy 60 ksi rebar yield strength
f'c 4 ksi concrete compressive strength
As % 1 unit 0.00 - 1.00 As_required / As_provided = 100% 99 ACI 12.5.3.4

cover 3 in concrete side cover

cover_ext 3 in concrete cover beyond end of bar or hook
tie 0 0/1 no no/yes ties -- see notes
L 63 in available space for embed or hook for flag

TENSION HOOK
ldb 31.3 in ld_Table basic case Hooks cannot be applied in compress
ldh_min 7.0 in MAX(bar_#, 6) lhb is the basic development length of a
lhb 16.6 in 1200 * Bar_# / 8/ f'c for fy = 60 ksi
fy_factor 1.00 unit fy / 60000 99 ACI 12.5.3.1 ldh is development length of a standard
value must be the max of 8 bar diame
cover 2 in concrete side cover lhb * (applicable modification factors).
cover_ext 2 Ties along ldh at 3*Bar_# /8 spacing A

cover' 1.00 unit 1 - (bar_#<=11) * (cover>=2.5) * (cover_ext>=2)*0.3

tie' 1.00 unit 1 - (bar_#<=11) * (tie)*0.2
As_% 1.00 unit As_required / As_provided
ldh 16.6 in MAX(ldh_min, lhb * fy_factor * cover * tie * As %')
[ldh<=L] 1 logic

Area 0.60 in2

T 36.1 k As_% & Area*Fy Note: Iterate As_% to make tension h
T_ult 32.5 k-ult 0.9*T length equal to or less than length allo

4db for #3 through #8 ≥ 2 1/2"

5db for #9, #10, #11
6db for #14, #18
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A B C D E F G H I
63.0" -- L = Embed Provided 63.0" -- L = Embed Provided

db = 0.88"
db = 0.88"
T
3.5" T

10.5" straight

3.5"
16.6" hook ldh‚ to outside edge
Figure 52-10 Tension hook dimensions.

For ties, #3, #4, #5 inside bend diameter = 4 db

Tie hook extension = 6 db

. Tension hook 16.6 required < 63.0" allowed

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A B C D E F G H I
LAP SPLICE in TENSION
Class A lap splice 99 ACI 12.15.1
Factor 1.0 unit Use Class B splices, factor of 1.3 ld, fo
Lap 31.3 in factor * ld Lap splices of deformed b
1 logic deformed wire in tension.

Except,
Class A splices, factor of 1.0 ld, may b
(1) the area of reinforcem
Class B lap splice at least twice that required
Factor 1.3 unit over the entire length of th
Lap 61.0 in factor * ld (2) one half or less of the
[Lap<=L] 1 logic reinforcement is spliced w
lap length.
. Tension Class A lap splice 31.3 required < 63.00" allowed
Otherwise, use Class B splice.
. Tension Class B lap splice 61.0 required < 63.00" allowed

31.3" tension Class A lap

61.0" tension Class B lap

reinforcing stressed to less than 50%

As req / As provided no more than 50% splicing in one plane

50% 100%
Up to 50% splicing A B
Greater than 50% splicing B B 24" minimum
for staggered splices

Figure 52-11 Class A and B splices.

LAP SPLICE in COMPRESSION

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A B C D E F G H I
[f'c<3] 1.00 unit 1 + (f'c<3) * 0.333 99 ACI 12.16.1
min_c1 26.3 unit 0.0005 * Fy * Bar_# /8
1 logic fy <= 60 ksi Compression splices - ties
throughout lap splice leng
min_c2 26.3 unit (0.0009 * Fy - 24) * Bar_#/8 for Fy > 60 effective area of
0 logic fy <= 60 ksi 0.0015*(thickness of mem

Lap_c 26.25 in
[Lap<=L] 1 logic

. Compression lap splice 26.25 required < 63.00" allowed

Figure 52-12 Lap splice in compres

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A B C D E F G H I
For BAR USED IN SHEAR FRICTION
n UBC 1911.7.4.3
Bar 6 unit bar number 0.750" diameter 1.4 monolithic concrete
Avf 0.44 in^2 area of bar in shear 1.0 concrete placed against
fy 36 ksi roughened-hardened conc
n 0.7 unit 0.6 against un-roughened ha
l 1 unit 0.7 against as-rolled structura
u 0.7 unit n*lambda = u
lambda UBC 1911.7.4.3
Vn 11.088 k Avf * Fy * n * l 1 normal weight concrete
Vu_shear 9.425 k-ult 0.85*Vn allowable (11-26) 0.85 sand light weight concrete
0.75 all-light weight concrete

For net tension across shear plane,

add As_tension + As_shear friction UBC 1911.1.1

Tu_tension 14.256 k-ult 0.9* fy * A_bar allowable

T_tension 0.5 k required tension

V_shear 3.32 k required shear

factor 1.43 1.43E

Tu_required 0.715 k-ult
Vu_required 4.748 k-ult

Tu_req'd / Tu_tension + Vu_req'd / Vu_shear = Unity

0.715 / 14.256 4.748 / 9.425
0.050 0.504 0.554 Unity. Figure 52-13 The shear friction plan

PHOTOGRAPH
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A B C D E F G H I

Figure 52-14 Use hooked reinforcing where embedment of straight

bars cannot be achieved in the space provided.
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# 7, fy 60 ksi, f'c 4

9.63" compression embed

31.29" tension embed
46.94" tension embed other cases

1 Reinforcing embed lengths.

row 30

Figure 52-2 Reinforcing embed lengths.

row 40
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Figure 52-3 Reinforcing clearances

in a beam.

row 60

m 99 ACI 12.11.2
ent 99 ACI 7.12.2.3

row 70
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J K L M N
# 7, fy 60 ksi, f'c 4
e bottom of the pour
Compression
ldb_c
in
0
4.13
5.50
6.88
8.25 row 80
9.63
11.00
12.38
13.76
15.13
19.26
24.76

row 90

asic compression development length without factors.

 Page 52 - 16

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5 Compression reinforcement in a column.

row 130
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J K L M N
# 7, fy 60 ksi, f'c 4

61.0" tension lap

26.3" compression lap

.1 (11 - 1) input the value for FVn

6 Reinforcing lap distances.
row 139

nd point of inflection or
t length beyond the center of the support

finement by compressive reaction

Mn/Vu = 30.1"
row 149

la + 1.0 * Mn/Vu = 40.6" max ld

7 Reinforcing development at supports.

la = 10.5" Mn/Vu = 30.1"

point of inflection

la + 1.0 * Mn/Vu = 40.6" max ld

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8 Reinforcing development at supports.

row 169

ne development / embedment
ar cut-off where
s not required to resist moment.

ld = 31.3" row 179

9 Flexural reinforcing in a tension zone.

Vn) 54%
Mu_provided 0%
, .. has been met
bedment permitted

row 189
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# 7, fy 60 ksi, f'c 4

row 199

not be applied in compression 99 ACI 12.5.5

sic development length of a hook in tension.

opment length of a standard hook. This

be the max of 8 bar diameters, 6", or
able modification factors).
dh at 3*Bar_# /8 spacing ACI 12.5.4 row 209

te As_% to make tension hook

al to or less than length allowed. row 219
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J K L M N
Embed Provided

3.5"
row 229

3.5"

2.5" 3.5"

row 239

row 249
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J K L M N
# 7, fy 60 ksi, f'c 4

B splices, factor of 1.3 ld, for:

Lap splices of deformed bars and
deformed wire in tension.

ces, factor of 1.0 ld, may be used when:

(1) the area of reinforcement provided is
at least twice that required by analysis row 259
over the entire length of the splice and,
(2) one half or less of the total
reinforcement is spliced within the required

use Class B splice.

31.3" tension Class A lap

row 269
61.0" tension Class B lap

CLASS A SPLICE

row 279
nd B splices.
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Compression splices - ties

throughout lap splice length with an
effective area of row 289
0.0015*(thickness of member)*(spacing of ties).

26.3" compression lap

12 Lap splice in compression.

row 299

row 304
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J K L M N
# 7, fy 60 ksi, f'c 4
UBC 1911.7.4.3
monolithic concrete
concrete placed against
roughened-hardened concrete
against un-roughened hardened concrete
against as-rolled structural steel

UBC 1911.7.4.3
normal weight concrete row 314
sand light weight concrete
all-light weight concrete

row 324

shear plane

13 The shear friction plane.

row 334

Because this is a pile cap, there

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J K L M N
are no vertical bars at the face. Vertical
bars are usually used to limit unsightly
cracks (temperature reinforcing).
The appearance of cracks won't affect
this buried face. row 344

Hooked reinforcing

The straight bar running through the

hook provides "confinement."
More concrete than just that used
by the hook is added by the
perpendicular bar.
row 354
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HELP

Units are inches and ksi.

Factors are designated as unit or unitless.

Logic values are unitless and usually 0 or 1 (no or yes).

This module is designed to be replicated columnwise for applications

where several development values must be determined. Move units and
documentation columns to the right -- do not use column insert because
that command will destroy the tables.

Bar size numbers are located in the Table_1. Bar sizes are in 1/8"
increments (i.e. #5 => 5/8" diameter).

Top bar 1 = yes 1.4 multiplier for conc. below > 12" ACI 12.2.3.1.

Spacing 1 = un-reduced development length where bars closer than 6".

To use spacing factor, edge distance to face of concrete must be >= 3".

As_% As_req'd/As_allowed is the ratio of required reinforcing versus

the reinforcing provided or, in most cases, the required Mu versus the
design allowable Mu ACI 12.2.4.2 / UBC 1912.2.1.

Splice_% amount of splicing at one point determines whether the splice

will be an A, B, or C splice. Staggered splicing reduces the stress on
a lap splice ACI 12.15.1 / UBC 1912.15.1.

For splice class and factor values, see Table 2 below.

Side cover is important in the ability of hooked or spliced rebar to

split the concrete. In rebar development, 3" cover is required along
with 6" spacing to use the 0.8 factor (see ACI 12.2.4.1). 2 1/2" side
cover with 2" end cover (cover_ext) is required at hooks to use the 0.7
factor - see ACI 12.5.3.2 / UBC 1912.5.3.2.
Ties provide confinement to lap splices and hooks when they meet the
requirements of ACI 12.3.3.2 / UBC1912.3 for development and
12.5.3.3 for hooks in #11 bars and smaller.

Spiral ties enclosing compression splice see ACI 12.3.3.2 / UBC 1912.3.3.2.

Provided Length is the distance that a bar has available to develop ld

or hook length and serves to flag those situations where insufficient
room exists to develop the bar to its required allowable stress.

Fy_ yield strength of reinforcing, usually 40 or 60 ksi.

f'c_ ultimate compressive strength of concrete, usually 3, 4, or 5 ksi.

Ldb = max 0.04 Ab fy/f'c^.5, 0.0004 db fy #11 and smaller

= 0.085 fy/f'c^.5 #14
= 0.11 fy/f'c^.5 ACI 12.2.2 / UBC 1912.2.1

fy > 60 multiply by 2-60/fy ACI 12.2.3.2 / UBC 1912.2.1

spacing >= 6" multiply by 0.8 ACI 12.2.4.1
excess reinforcing multiply by As_req'd/As_allowed ACI 12.2.4.2

Ld >= 12" minimum reinforcing length ACI 12.2.5.

Ld <= La + 1.3 Mn/Vu reinforcing terminates in compression zone ACI 12.11.3
La = available straight embedment length beyond the centerline of the
support to the end of the bar

UBC 1909.2.1-1909.2.3 / ACI 9.2

9-1 U = 1.4D + 1.7L
9-2a U = 0.75 (1.4D + 1.7L + 1.7W)
9-2b U = 0.75 (1.4D + 1.7L + 1.87E)
9-3a U = 0.9D + 1.3W
9-3b U = 0.9D + 1.43E

Refer to:

ACI 318, BUILDING CODE REQUIREMENTS for REINFORCED CONCRETE by

the American Concrete Institute, Box 19150, Redford Station,
Detroit, Michigan 48219

and

the UNIFORM BUILDING CODE by the International Conference of

Building Officials, 5360 South Workman Mill Rd, Whittier, CA 90601
Two very good references for concrete code and design are:

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN by Chu-Kia Wang and Charles G. Salmon,

Harper & Row, Publishers, New York

and

ACI 318R COMMENTARY on BUILDING CODE REQUIREMENTS for REINFORCED

CONCRETE by ACI

REVISIONS
10/09/90 Creation of this module.
12/20/90 General rearrangement and notes.
Err:509

Err:509

Err:509

Err:509
Err:509

Err:509

Err:509

Err:509
Err:509

Err:509

Err:509
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WELD - ANCHOR PLATE

T_bolt Err:509 k uplift required tension
Lat_bolt Err:509 k/bolt required shear

f'c 3.0 ksi concrete strength

Fy 36.0 ksi steel strength
fb_allow 27.0 ksi allowable bending

factor 1.43 1.43E

n 0.70 unit
lambda 1.00 unit

4 anchor plates required to anchor entire load.

Tank base plate may be loaded anywhere on weld plate.

Use 4 of 12 anchor plates to resist load.

TYPICAL ANCHOR PLATE VIE

GROUP PUNCHING SHEAR

width 4.00 in
length 22.00 in =2 + 6 + 6 + 6 + 2
d 15.00 in embedded depth in concrete

bo 82 in =2*((width+length)+d)
Ao 1230 in^2 =bo * d

vu 219 psi punching shear 4 f'c^0.5

Vu 269.5 k-ult =vu*Ao/1000

Tu_sum Err:509 k-ult factor*(t_tens + V_shear/(n*lambda))

Tu_ Err:509 k-ult per 4 plates SHEAR CONE ELEVATION
OK as group punching

WELD PLATE BENDING

arm_max 2 in
T_max Err:509 k =Tu_sum/1.43
M Err:509 k-ft

trib_w 8 in =4*arm_max
trib_w use 24" -- anchors spaced at 9" max
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t_PL 1.35 in
S_PL 7.29 in^3 =24*t_PL^2/6

fb Err:509 ksi
Err:509

WELD PLATE PLAN

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TANK LEG

WELD PLATE

ALLTHREAD ROD w/ ANCHOR PLATE

EXCAVATE AT ANCHORS TO
MAINTAIN 3" FROM STEEL TO
CONCRETE CAST AGAINST EARTH

CHOR PLATE VIEW

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E ELEVATION

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AL0623BVmj.98 Page # ________
Holmberg
07:13
05/02/19

418909272.xlsx

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