Seminar report of 2018-2019

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

NEDUMANGADU

SEMINAR REPORT
ON

Snapdragon Processors
SUBMITTED BY

ARUN MOHAN M
REGISTER NO : 16131926

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

2018-2019

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GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

NEDUMANGADU

CERTIFICATE
Certified that this is a bonfire record of the seminar entitled SNAPDRAGON
PROCESSORS submitted by ARUN MOHAN M bearing Register no:16131926 to the
Govt. Polytechnic College, Nedumangadu towards the partial fulfillment for the
award of DIPLOMA IN COMPUTER ENGINEERING under the Directorate of
Technical Education, Government of Kerala during the academic year 2018-2019

Guided by

Smt.BEENA L.S Smt.SHIMJA M

Head of Department
Lecturer
Computer Engineering
Computer Engineering

Govt Polytechnic College

Govt Polytechnic College
Nedumangadu
Nedumangadu

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INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Let us thrilling satisfaction present my initial practical venture in
computer as the seminar ”SNAPDRAGON PROCESSORS”. The most
difficult thing in this world is showing gratitude in words.I feel very
fortunate to have the support of the number of key individuals in the
department of Computer Engineering in this Institution.

First and foremost I would like to thank our principle Mr.SHYLENDRAN

P, for this support and encouragement through our endeavor. Equally I
thank my guide Smt.BEENA L.S Head of Department and Smt.SHIMJA
M,for her constant guidance and motivation.

This venture would have been a distant dream without the immense
assistance,co-operation and technical support endured to my beloved
lectures.I also grateful to other lectures and staffs of the computer
department.I also grateful to my friends to their valuable observations
and opinions during the seminar.I express my heart-felt gratitude to my
parents for all their encouragements,support and love.

Finally, I extend thanks to all our well wishers,and all those who have
contributed directly or indirectly for the successful completion of this
seminar.

Above all,I would like to thank the ALMIGHTY for his countless blessings
and impressions to complete my seminar.

With gratitude

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ARUN MOHAN M

CONTENTS

 Introduction
 Security Requirements
 System Model
 Communication Model
 Introduction
 Adversary Model
 Design Principles

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INTRODUCTION

Snapdragon is a suite of system on a chip (SoC)

Semiconductor products for mobile devices designed and marketed
by QualcommTechnologies Inc. The Snapdragon central processing
unit (CPU) uses the ARM RISC instruction set. A single SoC may
include multiple CPU Cores, a graphics processing unit (GPU),
a wireless modem, and other software and hardware to support a
smartphone's global positioning system (GPS), camera, gesture
recognition and video. Snapdragon semiconductors are embedded
in devices of various systems, including Android and Windows
Phone devices.[1] They are also used for netbooks, in cars,
wearable devices and other devices. In addition to the processors,
the Snapdragon line includes modems, wi-fi chips and mobile
charging products.
The first Snapdragon product to be made available to consumer
device manufacturers was the QSD8250, which was released in
November 2007. It included the first 1 GHz processor for mobile
phones. Qualcomm introduced its "Krait" microarchitecture in the
second generation of Snapdragon SoCs in 2011, allowing each

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processor core to adjust its speed based on the device's needs. At
the 2013 Consumer Electronics Show, Qualcomm introduced the
first of the Snapdragon 800 series and renamed prior models as the
200, 400 and 600 series. Several new iterations have been
introduced since, such as the Snapdragon 805, 810, 615 and 410.
Qualcomm re-branded its modem products under the Snapdragon
name in December 2014. As of 2018, ASUS, HP and Lenovo have
begun selling laptops with Snapdragon-based CPUs
running Windows 10 under the name "Always Connected PCs",
marking an entry into the PC market for Qualcomm and the ARM
architecture.

WHAT IS ARM architecture

ARM, previously Advanced RISC Machine, originally Acorn RISC Machine,
is a family of reduced instruction set
computing (RISC) architectures for computer processors, configured for
various environments. Arm Holdings develops the architecture and licenses it
to other companies, who design their own products that implement one of
those architectures—including systems-on-chips (SoC) and systems-on-
modules (SoM) that incorporate memory, interfaces, radios, etc. It also
designs cores that implement this instruction setand licenses these designs to
a number of companies that incorporate those core designs into their own
products.
Processors that have a RISC architecture typically require
fewer transistors than those with a complex instruction set computing (CISC)
architecture (such as the x86 processors found in most personal computers),
which improves cost, power consumption, and heat dissipation. These
characteristics are desirable for light, portable, battery-powered devices—
including smartphones, laptops and tablet computers, and other embedded
systems. For supercomputers, which consume large amounts of electricity,
ARM could also be a power-efficient solution.
ARM Holdings periodically releases updates to the architecture. Architecture
versions ARMv3 to ARMv7 support 32-bit address space(pre-ARMv3 chips,
made before ARM Holdings was formed, as used in the Acorn Archimedes,
had 26-bit address space) and 32-bit arithmetic; most architectures have 32-

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bit fixed-length instructions. The Thumb version supports a variable-length
instruction set that provides both 32- and 16-bit instructions for
improved code density. Some older cores can also provide hardware
execution of Java bytecodes. Released in 2011, the ARMv8-A architecture
added support for a 64-bit address space and 64-bit arithmetic with its new
32-bit fixed-length instruction set.
With over 100 billion ARM processors produced as of 2017, ARM is the most
widely used instruction set architecture and the instruction set architecture
produced in the largest quantity. Currently, the widely used Cortex cores,
older "classic" cores, and specialized SecurCore cores variants are available
for each of these to include or exclude optional capabilities.

WHAT IS SNAPDRAGON?
Snapdragon SoC is a powerful smart processor. The Snapdragon CPU, dubbed from
Scorpion . First on 28nm process technology[Latest is 14nm] . First Fully Integrated
3G/4G . Uses ARM instruction set .Superior CPU performance [in modem, graphics,
power efficiency performance]. SNAPDRAGON Processors Are Complete Solutions
to Real-time Demands. Users Can do Everything They Want and Get the Battery Life
They Crave . Smartly Integrated . Complete System Approach . Broad Chipset
Roadmap

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VERSIONS OF SNAPDRAGON
 Snapdragon S1
 Snapdragon S2
 Snapdragon S3

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 Snapdragon S4

SNAPDRAGON S1
Semiconductor Technology 65 nm/45 nm
CPU instruction set ARMv6/ARMv7
CPU Speed From 528 MHz, Up to 1 GHz
CPU ARM11,Cortex-A5 and Scorpion
CPU Cache Type L2
CPU Cache Max 256 KB
GPU Adreno 200
GPU Support 2D support
RAM Technology 200 MHz LPDDR1
RAM Speed 200 MHz
Bluetooth -

SNAPDRAGON S2

Semiconductor Technology 65 nm/45 nm

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CPU instruction set ARMv6/ARMv7

CPU Speed From 528 MHz, Up to 1 GH
CPU ARM11,Cortex-A5 and Scorp
CPU Cache Type L2
CPU Cache Max 256 KB
GPU Adreno 200
GPU Support 2D support
RAM Technology 200 MHz LPDDR1
RAM Speed 200 MHz
Bluetooth -

SNAPDRAGON S3

Semiconductor Technology 45 nm

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CPU instruction set ARMv7

CPU Speed Up to 1.7 GHz
CPU Dual-core Scorpion
CPU Cache Type L2
CPU Cache L2 512 KB
GPU Adreno 220
GPU Support 2D support

RAM Technology Single-channel

500 MHz/333 MHz LPDDR2
RAM Speed 200 MHz
Bluetooth -

SNAPDRAGON S4

Semiconductor Technology 45 nm/28 nm LP

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CPU instruction set ARMv7

CPU Speed Up to 1.7 GHz

CPU Dual-core Krait/quad-core Krait

CPU Cache Type L0, L1, L2

CPU Cache Upto 2MB

GPU Quad-core Adreno 320

GPU Support FHD/1080p and FWVGA/720p

RAM Technology Dual-channel 500 MHz LPDDR2

RAM Speed 200 MHz

Bluetooth Bluetooth 4.0

FEATURES OF SNAPDRAGON S4

MULTICORE SUBSYSTEM

KRAIT CPU

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IT is an second generation CPU.Independent clock and voltage
(aSMP).It has 25–40% power improvement.It Reduced complexity
It has the New circuit techniques
It works on Low power micro-architecture .It has 32bit address
bus and 2x32 bit memory bus.It consist of mainly 2 types of
Cache memory..An 32Kb of L1 Cache and 2Mb of L2 cache.It
consisit of 11 stages of pipeline depth and 7 Execution Ports

MODEM SUBSYSTEM
Industry’s first fully integrated 3G/4G world/multimode LTE
Modem .It is designed for speed, compatibility and power savings.It
has an flexible connectivity
It consist of an 4.0 Blutooth,FM,GPS,WI-FI

MULTIMEDIA SUBSYSTEM

ADRENO EMBEDDED GPU

Adreno is a series of graphics processing unit (GPU) semiconductor
intellectual property cores developed by Qualcomm and used in a
variety of their SoCs. The core was initially developed under
the Imageon brand name by ATI Technologies, which was acquired
by AMD in 2006. After AMD sold the division in January
2009,Qualcomm renamed the Imageon products to Adreno, an
anagram of Radeon.

HEXAGON DSP

Digital Signal Processor based Architecture .Designed to deliver

performance with low power
3 Cores –
i. one in Multimedia subsystem
ii. two in Modem subsystem
iii. Multimedia core – allowed to be programmed by user

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Audio/Video HW Subsystem
VIDEO - 1080 High-definition video recording and playback up
to 30 frames per second, Stereoscopic 3D playback .AUDIO - Surround
sound stereo speakers, 7 microphones .CAMERA - Up to 21 Megapixel, 3
camera support, 3D capture, playback, output up to 1080p .DISPLAY- Up
to HD1080 (1920x1080), True multi-touch capacitive touch screen

SNAPDRAGON S4 VERSIONS

SNAPDRAGON 200

Designed for high-volume smartphones and tablets. Up to Quad

ARM Cortex A7 CPU .Clock speed upto 1.4 GHz per core .Energy
efficient 45nm and 28nm processes Upto Adreno 302 GPU .Uses DDR2
memory .DSP upto QDSP5, 384MHz .Capture and playback video at
720p HD Camera upto 8 MP .Supports USB 2.0, Bluetooth 4.0, WiFi,
GPS, etc. The Snapdragon 208 and Snapdragon 210 were announced
on September 9,2014. The Snapdragon 212 was announced on July
2018,2015

SNAPDRAGON 400

Designed for mid-tier and high-volume smartphones and tablets .Up to

1.7 GHz Dual Krait 300 CPU .Energy efficient 28nm processes .Adreno
305 GPU .Hexagon QDSP6, 500MHz for ultra low power applications
.Uses DDR2 and DDR3 memory
Capture and playback video at up to 1080p HD .Camera Up to 13.5 MP,
stereoscopic
Supports 4G LTE, USB 2.0, Bluetooth 4.0, WiFi, GPS, etc.The snapdragon
410 is the first 64bit on the mobile system on a chip.Snapdragon 412
was announced on 12 July,2015..Snapdragon 425,427,430 and 435 pin
and sofatware compatible with snapdragon 429,439..etc

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SNAPDRAGON 600

Designed for high-tier smartphones and tablets .Quad core Krait 300 CPU
upto 1.9 GHz per core .Energy efficient 28nm processes .Speed enhanced
Adreno 320GPU .Hexagon QDSP6, 500MHz for ultra low power applications
Uses DDR3 memory. .Capture and playback video at 1080p HD
Camera Up to 21 MP, stereoscopic 3D .Supports 4G LTE, USB 2.0, Bluetooth
4.0, WiFi, GPS, etc

SNAPDRAGON 800

Designed for premium smartphones, tablets, Smart TVs and digital media
adapters.
Up to 2.3 GHz Quad Krait 400 CPU .Energy efficient 28nm processes
Adreno 330GPU .Hexagon QDSP6, 600MHz for ultra low power
applications
Uses DDR3 memory .Capture, playback and display video at Ultra HD
Camera Up to 21 MP, stereoscopic 3D .Supports 4G LTE, USB 3.0/2.0,
Bluetooth 4.0, WiFi, GPS, etc.

PROS

A Dedicated Security chip

Even though we commonly use the term processor when referring to chips like
the Snapdragon 845, it’s kind of a misnomer. That because these chips are
actually comprised of multiple processors that combine to form what is more
accurately known as a system on a chip (or SoC). In previous generations, we’ve
seen Qualcomm include dedicated processors such as an ISP (image signal
processors) or DSP (digital signal processor) for handling photos and videos.

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However, the Snapdragon 845 is Qualcomm’s first SoC to have an SPU (secure
processing unit), which is a new subsystem designed to protect data about your
fingerprints, iris, mobile payments, SIM, and more.

Soon, anytime you do something like take a picture or download a document, an

SPU will generate a unique key that is required to decrypt the data in the file. The
SPU can even be used to generate keys for text messages in apps like Facebook
Messenger or Whatsapp. And unlike other co-processors on the Snapdragon 845,
the SPU is isolated from other systems to help prevent hacking.

4K HDR Video Capture and Better Slow Mo

While high-dynamic range videos are becoming more popular, actually

shooting in HDR is something that’s better left to pros. However, that could
change soon as the Snapdragon 845's image signal processor will be able to
capture 4K HDR video at up to 60 fps. That should result in clips with better
contrast, more vibrant colors, and better details. Slow-motion video will also get
a boost, now that the SD 845 can record 480 fps at 720p, or 240 fps at 1080P.

More Mature Machine Learning

If you tuned in to the Pixel 2 announcement back in the fall, you’d have seen
Google CEO Sundar Pichai spend 15 minutes talking about the importance of
machine learning in mobiles devices. So with the Snapdragon 845, Qualcomm is
looking to enhance AI-based visual recognition with the Hexagon 685 digital
signal processor. On top of being able to handle traditional image processing
duties and serving as a sensor hub for all your fingerprint, iris, and face scanners
that might be on your phone, the Hexagon 685 should more efficiently analyze
and identify objects seen by your phone’s camera.

Improved Performance and Graphics

Pure performance improvements aren’t always the most exciting thing to talk
about, but it’s nice to know that Qualcomm is promising its new chip will be 25 to
30 percent faster than the current Snapdragon 835. Much of the heavy lifting

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comes from the eight new Kryo 385 CPU cores, which features four A75 cores that
run at up to 2.8 GHz (up from 2.4 GHz on the SD 835) and four A55 efficiency
cores to take care of less intense tasks and increase battery life.

When it comes to graphics, Qualcomm says the new Adreno 630 GPU is both 30
percent faster and 30 percent more power efficient than the Snapdragon 835's
Adreno 540. The main benefit of this extra performance will be seen when using
the Adreno 630 to power mobile VR experiences like a Gear VR or Google
Daydream. And when combined with Qualcomm’s new Multiview rendering, the
Snapdragon 845 should be able to hit 120 fps at 2K x 2K resolutions.

Faster Wi-Fi and Prepping for Gigabit LTE

One of the big buzzwords around smartphones is the upcoming transition to 5G

networks, which promises gigabit bandwidths so you can watch all the Netflix you
want in high quality, no matter where you are. So on the Snapdragon 845, you’ll
get Qualcomm’s latest X20 LTE modem which supports speeds up to 1.2 Gbps,
along with 802.11 AD Wi-Fi and even Bluetooth 5.0 tuned specifically to make
wireless earbuds work better.

Of course, since the Snapdragon 845 probably won’t make it into actual devices
until next spring at the earliest, we’re still a long ways out from seeing if
Qualcomm’s next big chip can live up to its promises. Right now, the Xiaomi Mi 7
is the only phone officially slated to feature the Snapdragon 845, but if the future
is anything like the past, the SD 845 will also be in Samsung’s, LG’s, and Google’s
phones in 2018.

References

1) www.google.com
2) www.qualcomm.com
3) www.wikipedia.com

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