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Collaborative Robot Risk Assessment
Description
The safety standard defines collaborative robot as a robot designed for direct
interaction with a human within a defined collaborative workspace.
More information can be found in the Technical Specification TS 15066 and the Industrial
Robots and Robot Systems – Safety Requirements standard ISO 10218 parts 1 &2 / ANSI
RIA15.06-2012. ISO 10218 parts 1 &2 and ANSI RIA15.06-2012 are harmonized standards,
with differences only being minor grammatical changes.
Requirements
A risk assessment is required for all industrial Tasks related to the collaborative workspace
collaborative robot systems. may require additional and new
considerations.
The integrator is responsible for completing
the initial risk assessment. There should be Risk assessment determines if safety
special consideration for situations when controls, hard guarding, etc. are needed for
there can be contact between the robot and unauthorized people, auxiliary machines, and
operator(s). non-collaborative processes.
The end user should participate in the initial More information about risk assessment
risk assessment process and is responsible responsibility is listed in the ISO 10218 / ANSI
for maintaining the information and making RIA 15.06.
future changes.
• Can exposure to sharp edges cause Notes for Hazard Identification and Risk
cuts and abrasions? These could be Reduction
reduced by using rounded edges, more
Risk reduction measures may not provide
compliant, softer materials, and wider
adequate protection.
contact surface areas.
• How can the robot characteristics and Risk reductions in traditional systems are
operator location be changed to done through safeguarding. With
collaborative applications, risk reductions
reduce potential unacceptable contact
include the robot’s design.
risks? If the robot has unexpected
starts capable of startling the operator, Protective measures are anything preventing
indicators or operator initiated start personnel injuries from the hazard(s), such as
function could be used. stopping, limiting forces, and limiting speeds.
An example of limiting speed may be done
• Consider the operator’s motion for all
with an area scanner that would send a signal
tasks, including the unexpected ones to the robot to reduce its speed as the
(such as dropped parts). How can they operator approaches. Difference is slowing
change based on conditions such as down the robot speed instead of stopping it.
fatigue, stress, capability, reflexes, and
Supplementary protective measures are
interruptions? devices such as signs and training.
• Can personal protective equipment
affect how operator works? Could The hierarchy of control chart may not be
applicable for all collaborative applications.
gloves or clothing get caught in
clamping fixtures and prevent the Use safety rated soft axis and space limiting
operator from escaping a hazardous when practical. Protective measures
robot motion or accessing an determined by the risk assessment shall be
emergency stop? provided.
• Is the operator in close proximity to an Crushing hazards should be eliminated or
application requiring shielding, such as safely controlled. The clearance is the same
welding sparks or a laser cutter? Could as ISO 10218 / ANSI RIA 15.06 (20 inches, 500
exposure to those hazards be further mm) or protective measures are to be used,
but those could be different than traditional
reduced by changing the layout design
robot use. Additional requirements are in the
so the operator does not have access speed and separation monitoring and power
or by adding safeguarding? and force limiting sections of the TS 15066.
• Is the transition between the
Determine the transition time limit between
collaborative and non-collaborative
the collaborative operations and when the
workspaces defined, understood by the
safety controller resumes stopping control.
operator(s), and controlled? Consult ISO 12100 for more information.