HMR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

Apr 15 ’2019 www.hmritm.ac.in

Intermittent Paper Cutting Mechanism by Giving Feed through Geneva

Wheel

Vishal Dabas, Keshav Kumar, Sahil Sehrawat, Sushant Saini, Vivek Ahuja

Dept. of Mechanical And automation, HMRITM, Hamidpur, Delhi-110036

ABSTRACT are usually driven by a crank, rotating

The Geneva wheel is the simplest and with constant velocity, and a
most widely used mechanism to crankpin, enabling very long dwells
provide intermittent motion from a between rapid indexes, making it
continuously rotating input. However, attractive to both low- and high-speed
the dynamic properties of Geneva machinery and manufacturing
mechanisms are not ideal, and systems.
typically lead to step changes in
acceleration. A four-bar linkage with
the drive pin located at a coupler point
proves to be an appealing solution to
reduce acceleration and jerk. This
paper proposes a highly efficient
method to generate a four-bar linkage
Geneva wheel drive with optimized
dynamic characteristics. Results are
presented for six Geneva wheels,
demonstrating the high effectiveness
A wide variety of applications are
of the approach.
derived from the Geneva mechanism,
such as indexing in automatic
1. INTRODUCTION
machinery, peristaltic pump drives in
Among several mechanisms
integrated circuit manufacturing,
producing intermittent rotary motion,
intermittent advance of films in
the Geneva mechanism is the simplest
motion-picture projectors, and
and most widely used for its accuracy
discrete motion drives with high load
and self-locking function. Geneva
capacity in robotic manipulators. The
mechanisms are easy to manufacture,
main disadvantage of Geneva
in contrast to cams, which require
mechanisms is the discontinuity in the
machining of complex shapes with
acceleration at the start and the end of
very small tolerances. Geneva wheels
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Apr 15 ’2019 www.hmritm.ac.in
the intermittent motion. At these
points, the normal acceleration of the
rotating crankpin is transmitted to the
wheel with an impact, leading to large
jerks and undesirable vibrations in the
mechanism. Several methods have
been proposed to decrease the wheel
acceleration in order to reduce the
inertia forces and the consequent
wear. Among these is the idea of
using a curved slot, which reduces the
acceleration,
but it increases the deceleration and
consequently the wear on the slot.
Other approaches involve substantial
changes in the slot design, such as
using different radii of curvature of
the entry and exit curves, using
grooved cams to drive/guide the
crankpin in a specific path, and using
spring
elements between the slot and the
driving pin. Such approaches reduce
the acceleration
force in both the entry and exit stages,
at the cost of implementing complex
drive mechanisms.
Many authors have considered
minimizing the inertial forces on the
Geneva
wheel using a four-bar linkage with
the drive pin located at a coupler.
Zero jerk
can then be achieved for an
appropriate coupler point and path,
however the existing ad-hoc methods
to generate the corresponding four-bar
linkages must be calculated on a case-
by-case basis.
This paper proposes a highly efficient
method to generate a four-bar linkage
Geneva wheel drive with optimized
dynamic characteristics. The
acceleration period is considered
equal to the deceleration period,
giving a symmetric coupler curve.
The problem is reduced to
determining the dimensions of the
four-bar linkage in such a way that the
tangent to the symmetric coupler
curve makes a given angle with the
axis of symmetry. The dynamics of
the
external and internal crank driven
Geneva wheel are presented, as well
as the design for a coupler driven
Geneva wheel. The kinematic and
constraint equations, used in
generating the four-bar linkage for the
desired trajectory, are developed.
Numerical optimization of the search
space determines the ideal link
lengths in order to minimize the jerk
of the system. Results are presented
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Apr 15 ’2019 www.hmritm.ac.in
for the cases of 30°, 45°, 60°, 72°, 90°
and 120° Geneva slot angles.
2.GENEVA WHEEL
MECHANISM
The basic structure of a four-slot
Geneva wheel is shown in Fig.1. The
system consists of a constantly
rotating disk coupled with a slotted
disk, which gives rise to the desired
discrete motion. A rotation of 2π
radians of the former causes 2π/N
radians of rotation of the latter, where
N is the number of slots available on
the slotted disk. Thus, one complete
rotation of the slotted wheel requires
N complete rotations of the other disk,
thereby also increasing the total time.
The converting mechanism of the disk
system is as follows.
Referring to Fig.1,The pin on wheel
W rotates constantly about axis A and
as shown below, has a pin ‘a’ attached
to Geneva wheel which is drive by pin
which applied a force and rotates it as
long as it is engaged with the slot.
While the wheel W rotates
continuously, the Geneva wheel G has
a discrete rotation about axis ‘b’.
Wheel G has a rotation time period of
tr when it is moving along with disk
W and an idling time period ti, when
the pin ‘a’ is not inside one of the
slots ‘s’ and is moving freely. The
three quarter wheel ‘L’ is placed in
order to prevent any unintentional
rotation of wheel G while it is idling.
By increasing or decreasing the
number of slots on Geneva wheel , we
can change the time of rotation and
time interval for cutting of paper
.There are may be four or six slots is
can be chosen.
The four slot Geneva wheel have been
analyzed and a design layout has been
provided. Along with the same lines,
multiple slot wheels can be designed.
The basic criterion that has to be
maintained in designing any number
of slotted Geneva wheel is that, the
pin (or disk pin) has to enter and leave
the slots radially. This will again be
discussed in detail in the following
sections.
3. Components Used in Project
I. Geneva Wheel
II. Sprocket
III. Roller chain
IV. Paper cutter or cutting blade
V. Coil Spring
VI. Paper Roller Shaft
VII. Driving motor
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4. WHEEL DESIGN
There is N slotted wheel and the angle
by which the slotted wheel rotates for
a given rotation of the constantly
rotating wheel is 2π/N. The slots are
thus placed at 2π/N radians is that
during every rotation, the pin on the
wheel ‘G’ should enter and leave the
slots in such a way that it tangent to
the constantly rotating wheel at the
pin passes through the center of the
slotted wheel. If ‘r’ is the radius of
wheel which is engaged with Geneva
wheel and center distance ‘D’.
5. WORKING PROCEDURE
For starting input wheel the pin get
locked into the slots of the Geneva
wheel and produces the feed until the
pin get locked and for 90 degree of
rotation the Geneva wheel and other
remains constant. As one end of the
chain, drive is connected to the shaft
of the Geneva wheel by crank
mechanism and other to the cutter
with lever mechanism. So when feed
is produced the chain which
connected to the shaft start rotation
and carries out the feed to the other
end through the chain and remains
still until the drive pin get locked to
the next slot. The crank lever which is
place perpendicular to the chain drive
and Geneva mechanism start
oscillation and cut down the paper
feed from which was produced by the
Geneva mechanism.
6. CALCULATIONS
Design calculation of Geneva wheel
The design calculation of Geneva
contains terms as:
R = radius of Geneva Wheel
r1 = radius of driving crank
rp = radius of driven pin
e = center distance
α = semi indexing angle (driven)
b = semi indexing angle (driver)
z = number of slots on the driven disk
ω = angular velocity of driving crank
n =speed of rotation of crank (rpm).
Ɵ =angle of locking
No. of slots on Geneva wheel (Z) = 4
N (motor) = 60 rpm
For Z=4
a) Semi indexing angle:(α) = 45 °
b) Gear ratio (E) i.e. ratio driving
crank Speed of Geneva wheel 1:1
c) Indexing Time ratio:
V =[Z−2]/ 2Z
=[4–2]/ 2x4 = 0.25
d) Semi indexing Angle(driver crank):
β= л[Z−2]/2Z = л [4−2]/ 2×4= л/4
e) For entry without shock:
(R/e) = sinл /z [R/e] = sin4 л = 0.707
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f) On the basic of space available,
center distance (e) = 0.707×35
Radius of Geneva Wheel =25mm.
Hence, Diameter (D) =50mm
g) Angle of locking, Ѳ = π/Z(Z+2)
= π/4(4+2)
= 270°
h) Smin = distance between the centre
of Geneva wheel radii of curvature of
slot on wheel.
Smin = 0.2929e
Where, e = 35mm
Smin = 35× 0.2929
Smin = 10mm
Length of slot is 18mm and thickness
is 10 mm.
Selection of motor
Mtd – net torque on driven shaft
Mtf –frictional torque on driven wheel
I – mass moment of inertia of all
attached masses reflected to driven
shaft.
N – efficiency of Geneva Mechanism
= 0.95
When the driven shaft mounted is
mounted on antifriction bearings,
Mti – inertia torque on driven shaft
Assuming Mtf = 0
Net torque on driven shaft:
Mtd = Mtf + Mti
Inertia torque on driven shaft:
Mti = I .α d eq.(7)
Mass moment of inertia of all
attached masses reflected to driven:
I =mk2 = 30× 0.052 = 0.75Kg.m2
Substituting I and αd in eq. (7)
Mti = 0.075 × 9.81 × 1.5625
= 1.1496 × 103 N mm
Mti = Mti.d × (1/N)
= 1.149 × 0.314 × (1/0.95)
Mti = 0.303 Nm
Instantaneous power required on the
driving shaft: N = (Mti .d)/75
= (0.303×0.314)/75 H.P.
= 0.00127 H.P.
From this selecting the motor having
the large power than that of
N = 0.00127 H.P.
So selecting the synchronous motor
having power capacity = 0.002 H.P.
7. MOTOR CALCULATION
Specification and Calculations:
 30 rpm
 12V
 18W
Torque of motor:
ζ = (P×60)/(2×3.14×N)
= (18×60)/(2×3.14×30)
= 5.72Nm = 5.72×103 Nmm
The shaft is made of MS and its
allowable shear stress = 42 MPa
Torque: ζ =( 3.14× fs × d3)/16
16×5.72×103 = 3.14×42×d3
D = 8.85mm
The nearest standard size is d = 9mm.
8. CONCLUSION
The feed, which came from the
Geneva mechanism carried by the
chain drive, is cut by the crank lever
mechanism, which is at the end of the
chain drive. By using this model, we
can get the same length of feed at
same interval of time. The length of
the feed can be managed by changing
the depth of the slots in Geneva wheel
HMR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
Apr 15 ’2019 www.hmritm.ac.in
and the path length of the crank can (7) Meyer G., A tested method for
be increased by increasing the radius precise intermittent motion, Machine
of the crank and the length of the Design, vol.60, no.1, Jan., pp.140-3.
lever cutter and by changing the USA, 1988.
number of slots on Geneva wheel.
The angular velocity and angular
acceleration can be observed for each
link by designing the entire model in
solid works and then calculated the
analysis for each link.

9. REFERENCES
(1) Beltz R.K. Hurst J.C., Peristaltic
pump metering and dispensing
system. Technical Digest - Western
Electric Company, no.37, Jan. pp.3-4.
USA, 1975.
(2) Bickford, J.H., Mechanism for
intermittent motion. Industrial Press,
New York, 1972.
(3) Cheng, C.-Y., Lin, Y., Improving
dynamic performance of the Geneva
mechanism
using non-linear spring elements.
Mech. Mach. Theory, vol. 30, no. 1,
pp. 119-129,
1995.
(4) Chironis N.P. and N.Sclater.
Mechanisms and Mechanical Devices
Sourcebook. 2nd edition. McGraw-Hill
Companies Inc. 1996.
(5) Hartenberg, R.S., Denavit, J.,
Kinematic synthesis of linkages.
McGraw-Hill, New York, 1964.
(6) Lee, T.W., Optimization of high
speed geneva mechanisms.
Transactions of the Asme, Journal of
Mechanical Design, vol.103, no.3,
July, pp.621-30, USA, 1981.