-1

10
L a mina r C ritica l T ra ns ition zone C omple te turbule nc e, rough pipes , R > 3500/r
9 flow z one
0.07
8
0.06

0.05
7
0.045
0.04
6 0.035
0.03
5
0.025
5
0.02
0.0175
5
0.015
0.0125
4

R elative roughnes s r =k /D
0.01
0.008
D arcy W eis bac h fric tion fac tor l

3.5

0.006
3
0.004
f = 64/R
0.003
2.5
0.002
0.0015

2 0.001
0.0008
1.8
0.0006

1.6 r =0 0.0004

1.4 0.0002

1.2 0.0001

r = 5e -006
5e -005
-2
10

9 2e -005
r = 1e -006
1e -005
8
6 7 8 3 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 5 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8
10 10 10 10 10 10
Mo o dy D ia gr am