Republic of the Philippines

Calamba City Schools Division

CALAMBA CITY SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
Chipeco Avenue, Barangay 3, Calamba City, Laguna

The effectiveness of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) gills as bio-ethanol fuel

An Investigatory Project
Presented to the faculty of Calamba City Science Highschool
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for
Research 9

By

Jane Nicole M. Cabras

Joshua Monica Cawaling
Kyla Yzabella B. Corsega
Steve Michael M. Daanoy
Researchers

Ruth Anne B. Ramos

Research Adviser

October 2014
 Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the Tilapia gills as a bio-
ethanol fuel. The product was made by a four-week yeast fermentation and distillation process.
Three setups were tested at the Calamba Tristar Emission testing center, Calamba City, Laguna,
to determine if the Tilapia Gills Biofuel`s emission of hydrocarbon and Carbon Monoxide have
significant difference compared to that of the Commercialized Diesel. The results of the three
trials shows that the Tilapia Gills Biofuel has more hydrocarbon and Carbon Monoxide than
Diesel with a critical value of 2.92 and 5% level of significance. The results of the three trials
shows that the Tilapia Gills Biofuel has lesser time consumed than Diesel in terms of the
duration of ignition. There were no significant differences between the Tilapia Gills Biofuel and
the Diesel in terms of its hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide content and the duration of ignition. In
recommendation, if this resesarch is to be continued, the future researchers should know the
proper proportion of yeast and the carbon based matter to be used so that the production of
harmful chemicals will be lessen and for the duration of ignition to last longer.

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 Acknowledgements

First, we want to thank Ma’am RA Ramos for teaching us all informations we need for
our Research. We also want to thank her for giving us motivations in learning and understanding
our Research subject. .
Then, we like to recognize and thank the help of Ms. Jocelyn Cawaling for giving us a
free ride for the testing of our product and Mrs. Enecita M. Cabras for allowing us to use her
home for our distilling process.
Lastly, to all the persons involved in making our Research product possible, we like to
give gratitude to all of you.

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 Table of Contents

Title Page i

Abstract ii

Acknowledgements iii

Table of Contents iv

List of Figures v

List of Tables vi

I. Introduction 1
Background of the Study 1
Statement of the Problem 1
Hypothesis 1
Significance of the Study 3
Scopes and Delimitations 3
Definition of Terms 3
Conceptual Framework 4
II. Review of Related Literature 5
III. Methodology 9
IV. Results and Discussion 12
V. Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation 15
Appendix 17
Bibliography 19

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 List of Figures

Figure 1 Conceptual Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Figure 2 Distillation Set Up. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
Figure 3 Methodology Flowchart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Figure 4 Test for Duration of Ignition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Figure 5 Trial 1 for Hydrocarbon and Carbon Monoxide Content . . . . . . . . .. 14
Figure 6 Trial 2 for Hydrocarbon and Carbon Monoxide Content . . . . . . . . . 15
Figure 7 Trial 3 for Hydrocarbon and Carbon Monoxide Content . . . . . . . . . .15

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 List of Table

Table 1Hydrocarbon content of the tilapia gills fuel and diesel. . . . . . . . . . 10

Table 2Carbon monoxide content of the tilapia gills fuel and diesel . . . . . . 10
Table 3Duration of Ignition of the tilapia gills fuel and diesel . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Table 4Level of significance,degrees of freedom, critical value, and value of t. . . .11

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