Ejercicios parte I

a) (𝐷 2 + 5𝐷 − 14) 𝑌 = 0 𝑟1 = 7 → 𝑦1 = 𝑒 7𝑥
𝜑(𝑟) = 𝑟 2 + 5𝑟 − 14 = 0
= (𝑟 − 7)(𝑟 + 2) = 0 𝑟2 = −2 → 𝑦2 = 𝑒 −2𝑥
𝑟 = 7 ; 𝑟 = −2
𝑦𝑐 = 𝑐1 𝑒 7𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑒 −2𝑥

b) 4𝑦 𝐼𝐼 − 2𝑦 𝐼 − 5𝑦 = 0
𝜑(𝐷) = (𝐷 𝐼𝑉 + 2𝐷 𝐼𝐼𝐼 + 4𝐷 𝐼𝐼 − 2𝐷 𝐼 − 5)𝑦 = 0
𝜑(𝑟) = 𝑟 𝐼𝑉 + 2𝑟 𝐼𝐼𝐼 + 4𝑟 𝐼𝐼 − 2𝑟 𝐼 − 5 = 0

Ruffini:
1 2 4 -2 -5
1 3 7 5

1 1 3 7 5 0

-1 -2 -5

-1 1 2 5 0

(𝑟 + 1) (𝑟 − 1) (𝑟 2 + 2𝑟 + 5) = 0
𝑟 = −1 ; 𝑟 = 1 ; 1 ± 4𝑖
𝑟3 = −1 + 4𝑖 = 𝑦3 = 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑥
𝑥 = 1 ± 4𝑖
𝑟4 = −1 − 4𝑖 = 𝑦4 = 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛4𝑥

𝑦𝑐 = 𝑐1 𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑐3 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑥 + 𝑐4 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛4

c) 4𝑦 𝐼𝐼 + 𝑦 𝐼 − 2𝑦 = 0
𝜑(𝐷) = (𝐷 𝑉 − 2𝐷 𝐼𝑉 + 2𝐷 𝐼𝐼𝐼 − 4𝐷 𝐼𝐼 + 𝐷 𝐼 − 2)𝑦 = 0
𝜑(𝑟) = 𝑟 𝑉 − 2𝑟 𝐼𝑉 + 2𝑟 𝐼𝐼𝐼 − 4𝑟 𝐼𝐼 + 𝑟 𝐼 − 2 = 0
Ruffini:
1 -2 2 -4 1 -2
2 2 0 4 0 2
1 0 2 0 1

(𝑚 − 2)(𝑚4 − 2𝑚2 + 1) = 0
 𝑟1 = 2 ; 𝑟2 = −1 ; 𝑟3 = 1 ; 𝑚4 = −1 ; 𝑚5 = 1

𝑦𝑐 = 𝑐1 𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑐3 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑐4 𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑐5 𝑒 𝑥

d) (9𝐷 2 − 6𝐷 + 1)𝑦 = 0
𝜑(𝑟) = 9𝑟 2 − 6𝑟 + 1 = 0
(3𝑟 − 1)(3𝑟 − 1) = 0
1 1
𝑟= ; 𝑟=
3 3
1 1
𝑦𝑐 = 𝑐1 𝑒 3𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑒 3𝑥

e) (𝐷 2 + 2𝐷 + 5)𝑦 = 0
𝜑(𝑟) = 𝑟 2 + 2𝑟 + 5 = 0
−2 ± √22 − 4(1)(5)
𝑥=
2(1)
−2 ± √16
𝑥=
2
𝑥 = −2 ± 4𝑖
1 1
𝑦𝑐 = 𝑐1 𝑒 3𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑒 3𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥

f) (𝐷 3 + 𝐷 2 + 𝐷 + 1)𝑦 = 0
𝜑(𝑟) = 𝑟 3 + 𝑟 2 + 1 = 0
𝑟1 = ±√−1𝑖 𝑚3 = −1
𝑦1 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑦2 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 𝑦3 = 𝑒 −2𝑥
𝑦𝑐 = 𝑐1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐1 𝑒 −𝑥

EJERCICIOS PARTE 2:

A) (𝐷2 + 5𝐷 − 14) = 𝑒 −2𝑋

EDLH: 𝑦1 = 𝑒 −7𝑥
𝜑(𝑟) = 𝑟 2 + 5𝑟 − 14 = 0
(𝑟 − 7)(𝑟 + 2) = 0 𝑦2 = 𝑒 2𝑥
𝑟=7 ; 𝑟=2
𝑦𝑐 = 𝑐1 𝑒 −7𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑒 2𝑥
 EDLNH: 𝑄(𝑥) = 𝑒 −2𝑥
Asumimos: 𝑦𝑝 = 𝐴𝑒 −2𝑥
𝑦´ = 𝐴𝑒 −2𝑥
𝑦´ = −2𝐴𝑒 −2𝑥
𝑦´ = 4𝐴𝑒 −2𝑥
4𝐴𝑒 −2𝑥 + 5(−2𝐴𝑒 −2𝑥 ) − 14(𝐴𝑒 −2𝑥 ) = 𝑒 −2𝑥
4𝐴𝑒 −2𝑥 − 10𝐴𝑒 −2𝑥 − 14𝐴𝑒 −2𝑥 = 𝑒 −2𝑥
−20𝐴𝑒 −2𝑥 = 𝑒 −2𝑥
1 1 −2𝑥
𝐴=− ; 𝑦𝑝 = − 𝑒
20 20
∴ 𝑦 = 𝑦𝑐 + 𝑦𝑝
1 −2𝑥
∴ 𝑦: 𝑐1 𝑒 7𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑒 −2𝑥 − 𝑒
20

B) (𝐷2 + 5𝐷 − 14)𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥

EDLH:
𝜑(𝑟) = 𝑟 2 + 5𝑟 − 14
(𝑟 + 7)(𝑟 − 2) = 0
𝑦𝑐 : 𝑐1 𝑒 −7𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑒 2𝑥
EDLNH: 𝑄(𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥
Asumimos: 𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥 + 𝐵𝑠𝑒𝑛3𝑥
𝑦´ = −3𝐴𝑠𝑒𝑛3𝑥 + 3𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥
𝑦´´ = −9𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥 − 9𝐵𝑠𝑒𝑛3𝑥

(−9𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥 − 9𝐵𝑠𝑒𝑛3𝑥) + 5(−3𝐴𝑠𝑒𝑛3𝑥 + 3𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥) − 14(𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥 + 𝐵𝑠𝑒𝑛3𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥

−9𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥 − 9𝐵𝑠𝑒𝑛3𝑥 − 15𝐴𝑠𝑒𝑛3𝑥 + 15𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥 − 14𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥 − 14𝐵𝑠𝑒𝑛3𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥
(−9𝐴 + 15𝐵 − 14𝐴)𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥 + (−9𝐵 − 15𝐴 − 14𝐵)𝑠𝑒𝑛3𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥
(−23A + 15B) cos3x + (−23B − 15A) sen3x = cos3x

−23𝐴 + 15𝐵 = 1

−23𝐵 − 15𝐴 = 0

−23𝐴 + 15𝐵 = 1 (23)

−15𝐴 − 23𝐵 = 0 (15) REEMPLAZANDO EN 1:
−529𝐴 + 345𝐵 = 23 −23(−0.031) + 15𝐵 = 1
−225𝐴 − 345𝐵 = 0 15𝐵 = 1 − 0,713
0.287
−754𝐴 = 23 𝐵= = 0.0191
15

23
𝐴=
−754
23 0.287
𝑦𝑝 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛3𝑥
−754 15

23 0.287
∴ 𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒 7𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑒 −2𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛3𝑥
754 15

C) 4𝑦 𝐼𝐼 − 𝑦 𝐼 − 5𝑦 = 2𝑒 3𝑥
1
E.D.L.H.: 𝑟1 = 1/2 → 𝑒 2𝑥
∅(𝑟) = 4𝑟 2 − 𝑟 − 5 = 0
3
4𝑟 2 − 6𝑟 = 0 𝑟2 = 3/2 → 𝑒 2𝑥
2𝑟(2𝑟 − 3) = 0
E.D.L.N.H.: 𝑄(𝑥) = 2𝑒 3𝑥
Asumimos que: 𝑦𝑝 = 𝐴𝑒 3𝑥

𝑦 ′ = 3𝐴𝑒3𝑥

𝑦 ′ = 9𝐴𝑒3𝑥

9𝐴𝑒 3𝑥 − 3𝐴𝑒 3𝑥 − 5𝑒 3𝑥 = 2𝑒 3𝑥

𝐴𝑒 3𝑥 = 2𝑒 3𝑥

𝐴=2

∴ 𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒 1/2𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑒 3/2𝑥 + 2𝑒 3𝑥

D) 4𝑦´′ + 2𝑦´ − 2𝑦 = 𝑒 −𝑥
1 1
E.D.L.H.: 𝑟1 = 2 𝑖 → 𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥

∅(𝑟) = 4𝑟 2 + 2𝑟 − 2𝑟 = 0
1 1
4𝑟 2 = 0 𝑟2 = − 2 𝑖 → −𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑛 2 𝑥

𝑟 2 = 1/4
 E.D.L.N.H.: 𝑄(𝑥) = 𝑒 −𝑥
Asumimos que: 𝑦𝑝 = 𝐴𝑒 𝑥

𝑦 ′ = −𝑒−𝑥

𝑦 ′ = 𝐴𝑒−𝑥

𝐴𝑒 −𝑥 − 𝐴𝑒 −𝑥 − 2𝐴𝑒 −𝑥 = 𝑒 −𝑥

2𝐴𝑒 −𝑥 = 𝑒 −𝑥

𝐴=2

𝑐𝑜𝑠1 1
∴ 𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 + 2𝑥
2 2

E) (9𝐷 2 − 6𝐷 + 1) 𝑌 = 2𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥
1
E.D.L.H.: 𝑟1 = 1/3 → 𝑒 3𝑥
∅(𝑟) = 9𝑟 2 − 6𝑟 + 1 = 0
1
(3 − 1)(3 − 1) = 0 𝑟1 = 1/3 → 𝑥𝑒 3𝑥
1 1
𝑟= ; 𝑟=
3 3
1 1
𝑦𝑐 : 𝑐1 𝑒3𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑥𝑒3𝑥
E.D.L.N.H.: 𝑄(𝑥) = 2𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥
Asumimos que: 𝑦𝑝 = 𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 + 𝐵𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥

𝑦 ′ = −𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 + 𝐵𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥

𝑦 ′ = −𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 + 𝐵𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥
1
F) (9𝐷 2 − 6𝐷 + 1) 𝑌 = 4𝑥 2 + 1 𝑟1 = 1/3 → 𝑒 3𝑥
∅(𝑟) = 9𝑟 2 − 6𝑟 + 1 = 0
1
(3 − 1)(3 − 1) = 0 𝑟1 = 1/3 → 𝑥𝑒 3𝑥
1 1
𝑟= ; 𝑟=
3 3
1 1
𝑦𝑐 : 𝑐1 𝑒3𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑥𝑒3𝑥
 E.D.L.N.H.: 𝑄(𝑥) = 4𝑥 2 + 1
Asumimos que: 𝑦𝑝 = 𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶

𝑦 ′ = 2𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵

𝑦 ′′ = 2𝐴

9(2𝐴) − 6(2𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵) + 𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶 = 4𝑥 2 + 1

𝐴𝑥 2 + (−12𝐴 + 𝐵)𝑥 + (18𝐴 + 6𝐵 + 𝐶) = 4𝑥 2 + 1

 𝐴=4
 𝐵 = 48
 𝐶 = −359
 𝑦𝑝 = 4𝑥 2 + 48𝑥 − 359
1 1
 ∴ 𝑦𝑐 = 𝑐1 𝑒 3𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑥𝑒 3𝑥 + 4𝑥 2 + 48𝑥 − 359

G) (𝐷 2 + 2𝐷 + 5) 𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 + 𝑥
∅(𝑟) = 𝑟 2 + 2𝑟 + 5 = 0
−2±√22 −4(1)(5) −2±√−16
𝑥= ⟹𝑥= ⇒ 𝑥 = −1 ± 4𝑖
2(1) 2

𝑟1 = −1 − 4𝑖 → 𝑦1 = 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑥; 𝑟2 = −1 + 4𝑖 → 𝑦2 = 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛4𝑥;
 ∴ 𝑦𝑐 = 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛4𝑥

E.D.L.N.H.: 𝑄(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 + 𝑥
Asumimos que: 𝑦𝑝 = 𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑦 ′ = 2𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵
𝑦 ′′ = 2𝐴
2𝐴 − 2(2𝐴 + 𝐵) + 5(𝐴𝑋 2 + 𝐵𝑋 + 𝐶) = 3𝑥 2 + 𝑥
5𝐴𝑥 2 + (−4𝐴 + 5𝐵)𝑥 + (2𝐴 − 2𝐵 + 5𝐶) = 3𝑥 2 + 𝑥
3
𝐴= , 𝐵 = 17, 𝑐 = −164
5
3
 ∴ 𝑦𝑐 = 𝑐1 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛4𝑥 + + 17𝑥 − 164
5𝑥 2