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The project is designed to provide uninterrupted AC mains supply i.e., 230 volt to
a single phase load. This is achieved by automatic changeover of the load from the
missing phase to the next available phase in a 3 phase system.
it is often noticed that power interruption in distribution system is about 70% for
single phase faults while other two phases are in normal condition. Thus, in any
commerial or domestic power supply system where 3 phase is available, it is
advisable to have an automatic changeover system for uninterrupted power to
critical loads in the event of missing phase.
In this proposing system we will provide the full proof backup through the solar
cell it means that in any in problem or disscountinuity cases the solar will always
provide the backup to main out put through sensing the data by using
microcontroller.
INTRODUCTION :-
Auto Power Supply Control System from 4 Different Sources Using PIC
Microcontroller: The auto power supply control system is very convenient system
for that consumers who want to attains uninterruptible power supply from different
sources such as solar, main, generator and inverter. If we see it at commercial
level, then we can estimate that there are so many consumers or customers which
have the equipment or machines whose requirements is only uninterruptable power
supply. Such as the data base companies whose all work is done on computer then
it is required an uninterruptable power supply all the time, otherwise their
computer could be off during the time when the load is shifted on another source,
similarly the companies which have the data base production machines then it also
could be also off during the load shifted then their production can be stop or
damage. Concentrating on these above problems we can examine the importance
of this auto power supply control system in this modern world. Different peoples
and companies are working on this auto power supply control system which are
making this system with the help of magnetic contactors and power relays but their
system is so much costly and do not provide precise uninterruptible power supply.
Here we are making this auto power supply control system with the help of power
electronics components, pic microcontroller 18F452 and electrical relay relays.
For providing the proper backup we will placing the solar cell that is highly
efficient that is always available in the sense of supply if disscountinuity will occur
solar will always stand for providing the full backup.
So fourth source should be solar so it will always make it clear the countinuity
should maintain.
BLOCK DIAGRAM:-
Inverter plate
Transformer 1 Rectifier
Solar relay
Tr1 relay
Transformer 2
Rectifier Controller
unit
Tr2 relay
Transformer 3
Rectifier Tr3 relay
HARDWARE REQUIREMENT:-
Solar plate
Inverter plate
Battery
Transformer
Bridge rectifier
Controller unit
Transformer
Diode
Capacitor
Voltage regulator
MOSFET
Pwm generator
Oscillator
WORKING :-
This auto power supply control system works on the principle of auto
function for switch over the load to other available source without wasting
any time or switch off the load. Here for the demonstration purposes we
have used the selection keys for switch off any source of supply. In this
system, the microcontroller which is very essential component of this system
always, keep sensing the whole available sources. When any source is
switched off through the selection keys then the microcontroller shifted the
load to the other supply source by giving the signal to the relay driver IC
then the relay driver IC switched on the appropriate load relay. The whole
function is done by the microcontroller is micro seconds and this shifted
time can be changed during the programming of microcontroller. Here 4
load relays are used which are connected in parallel with load and 4 sources
of supplies are also connected in parallel with these load relays. These load
relays consist of normally open and close contacts and are operated through
the relay driver IC. We have checked this system by connecting the lamp at
output side as a load when any interruption is take place during the shifted
time then the lamp is blinking but here there is no any blinking take place
during the shifted time means there is no any interruption in supplying the
power at output side. Her fourth source will be a solar for that proper power
supply will maintain each and everytime.
HARDWARE DESCRIPTION:-
Solar plate:-
12 V DC, for smaller consumer and commercial inverters that typically run
from a rechargeable 12 V lead acid battery or automotive electrical outlet.[2]
24, 36 and 48 V DC, which are common standards for home energy systems.
200 to 400 V DC, when power is from photovoltaic solar panels.
300 to 450 V DC, when power is from electric vehicle battery packs in vehicle-
to-grid systems.
Hundreds of thousands of volts, where the inverter is part of a high-voltage
direct current power transmission system.
Output waveform
An inverter can produce a square wave, modified sine wave, pulsed sine wave,
pulse width modulated wave (PWM) or sine wave depending on circuit design.
The two dominant commercialized waveform types of inverters as of 2007 are
modified sine wave and square wave.
There are two basic designs for producing household plug-in voltage from a lower-
voltage DC source, the first of which uses a switching boost converter to produce a
higher-voltage DC and then converts to AC. The second method converts DC to
AC at battery level and uses a line-frequency transformer to create the output
voltage.[3]
Square wave
Square wave
This is one of the simplest waveforms an inverter design can produce and is best
suited to low-sensitivity applications such as lighting and heating. Square wave
output can produce "humming" when connected to audio equipment and is
generally unsuitable for sensitive electronics.
Advantage and application:-
1. This system could be used in that places where we have different sources of
supply such as solar, main and wind.
2. This system could be used in industries for supplying the uninterruptable
power supply to the industrial machines.
3. This system could be used in educational institutes and hospitals for supplying
the uninterruptable power supply to the hospital or educational equipment.
4. This system is more compact and reliable as compared to the electrical ATS
panels.
5. This system is less costly as compared to the other power control systems
REFERENCES
[1] GarimaPandey,KhandaAnum “Auto Power Supply Control From
FourDifferent Sources: Mains, Solar, Inverter and Generator To Ensure No
Break Power” IJSART - Volume1Issue4–APRIL 2015,ISSN[ONLINE]:
2395-105.
[2] Lionel Warnes. Electronic and Electrical Engineering. Principles and
practice Macmillan Press Ltd. London 1994 pp 145 – 220.
[3] Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Electronic devices and circuit
theory Eight edition. Prentice Hall (Pearson Education Inc.) 2002 pp 875
[4] L. Theraja and B. K. Theraja. A textbook of Electrical Technology.S.
Chand and Company Ltd. New Delhi, India 2002 pp. 220, 920, 924, 1712 –
1716.
[5] Bernard Grob and Mitton S. Kiver. Application of electronics. Syed Sons
Printer. Lahore. 1985 pp 162-167, 17