BS Mathematics 2016 UOE PAK PDF

Curriculum
of
BS
BSMathematics
Botany
2016-onward
Division of Science and Technology

University of Education, Lahore
Table of Contents
Sr. No. Content Page No.
1 Mission Statement 2
2 Rationale 2
3 Program Objectives 2
4 Program Design 2
5 Eligibility Criteria 2
6 Program Template 3
7 Program Layout 3
8 Scheme of Studies 5
9 Detail of Courses 9
Page 1 of 70
BS Mathematics
Mission Statement:
To prepare people having sound knowledge of mathematics
Rationale:
The program of Bachelor of Science in Mathematics is launched to make up the

shortage of professional mathematics teachers, to support sciences, and to motivate
people toward advanced mathematics and research.
Program Objectives:
The objectives of the program are:
1. To establish the base for lifelong education by creating essential concepts and
equipping the students with necessary techniques needed to start careers in teaching,
research, and/or in any walk of life involving mathematics.
2. To prepare students to learn concrete ideas of mathematics, to analyze problems, and
to develop problem-solving skills.
3. To encourage students to become effective independent learners.
4. To encourage students to work in groups to get quick, true results.
5. To encourage people to help other disciplines as engineering, physics, economics,
finance, etc. using mathematics.
Program Design:
Duration: 4 Years (8 Semesters)

Total Credit Hours: 140
Semester Duration: 16 - 18 weeks
Eligibility Criteria:
Intermediate with mathematics or equivalent as per UE rules
Page 2 of 70
Program Template
Categories No. of Courses Credit Hours
Compulsory Courses 9 26
General Courses from other Disciplines 8 28
Foundation Courses 10 30
Major Courses 14 42
Elective-I, II Courses 2 6
Elective-III, IV Courses Thesis/Research Project 2 6
Guests/Students Seminars 2 2
Total 47 140
Program Layout
Compulsory Courses
Sr. No. Course Title Credit Hours
1 Functional English 3
2 Communication Skills 3
3 Technical Writing and Presentation Skills 3
4 Islamic Studies 2
5 Pakistan Studies 2
6 Introduction to Information Technology 3
7 Computing Tools for Mathematics 3
8 Programming Fundamentals 4
9 Elementary Set Theory 3
Total 26
General Courses from other Disciplines
1 Mechanics-I 4
2 Mechanics-II 4
3 Electricity and Magnetism-I 4
4 Modern Physics and Electronics 4
5 Foundation of Education 3
6 General Method of Teaching 3
7 Educational Assessment 3
8 Curriculum Design and Structure 3
Total 28
Foundation Courses
1 Calculus-I 3
Page 3 of 70
2 Calculus-II 3
3 Calculus-III 3
4 Discrete Mathematics 3
5 Analytic Geometry 3
6 Ordinary Differential Equations 3
7 Elementary Linear Algebra 3
8 Real Analysis-I 3
9 Group Theory 3
10 Complex Analysis 3
Total 30
Major Courses
1 Linear Algebra 3
2 Real Analysis-II 3
3 Vector and Tensor Analysis 3
4 Introduction to Statistics and Probability 3
5 Number Theory 3
6 Introduction to Topology 3
7 Mathematical Statistics 3
8 Classical Mechanics 3
9 Functional Analysis 3
10 Rings and Modules 3
11 Numerical Analysis-I 3
12 Numerical Analysis-II 3
13 Mathematical Methods of Physics-I 3
14 Differential Geometry 3
Total 42
Elective Courses
1 Elective-I 3
2 Elective-II 3
3 Elective-III/Thesis 3
4 Elective-IV/Thesis/Research Project 3
Total 12
Guests/Students Seminars
1 Guests/Students Seminars 2
Page 4 of 70
Scheme of Studies
Semester-I
Credit Hours
Sr. No. Course Code Course Title
Theory Lab Total Page No.
1 ENGL1114 Functional English 3 0 3 9
2 ISLA1111 Islamic Studies 2 0 2 11
Foundations of
3 EDUC3111 3 0 3 14
Education
Introduction to
4 COMP1111 Information 3 0 3 15
Technology
5 PHYS1111 Mechanics-I 3 1 4 16
6 MATH1111 Calculus-I 3 0 3 17
Total 18
Semester-II
Credit Hours
1 ENGL1119 Communication Skills 3 0 3 18
2 PAKS1111 Pakistan Studies 2 0 2 19
General Methods of
3 EDUC1112 3 0 3 20
Teaching
Computing Tools for
4 COMP1113 2 1 3 21
Mathematics
5 PHYS1114 Mechanics-II 3 1 4 22
6 MATH1112 Calculus-II 3 3 23
Total 18
Semester-III
Credit Hours
Technical Writing and
1 ENGL2115 3 0 3 24
Presentation Skills
2 EDUC3143 Educational Assessment 3 0 3 26
Electricity and
3 PHYS2111 3 1 4 28
Magnetism-I
4 MATH2111 Calculus-III 3 0 3 30
5 MATH2116 Analytic Geometry 3 0 3 31
6 MATH2112 Elementary Set Theory 3 0 3 32
Total 19
Page 5 of 70
Semester-IV
Credit Hours
Modern Physics and
1 PHYS2114 3 1 4 33
Electronics
Curriculum Design and
2 EDUC2118 3 0 3 34
Instruction
Introduction to Statistics
3 STAT2111 3 0 3 35
and Probability
4 MATH2113 Discrete Mathematics 3 0 3 36
Ordinary Differential
5 MATH2117 3 0 3 37
Equations
Elementary Linear
6 MATH2114 3 0 3 38
Algebra
Total 19
Semester-V
Credit Hours
1 MATH3111 Real Analysis-I 3 0 3 39
2 MATH3112 Group Theory-I 3 0 3 40
3 MATH3113 Complex Analysis 3 0 3 41
4 MATH3114 Linear Algebra 3 0 3 42
Vector and Tensor
5 MATH3115 3 0 3 43
Analysis
Programming
6 COMP1112 3 1 4 44
Fundamentals
Total 19
Semester-VI
Credit Hours
1 MATH3117 Real Analysis-II 3 0 3 45
2 MATH3118 Number Theory 3 0 3 46
Introduction to
3 MATH3119 3 0 3 47
Topology
4 MATH3120 Mathematical Statistics 3 0 3 48
5 PHYS3112 Classical Mechanics 3 0 3 49
Total 15
Page 6 of 70
Semester-VII
Credit Hours
1 MATH4111 Functional Analysis 3 0 3 50
2 MATH4112 Numerical Analysis-I 3 0 3 51
3 MATH4113 Rings and Modules 3 0 3 52
Elective-I (From List of
4 3 0 3
MATHXXXX Elective Courses)
Elective-II (From List of
5 MATHXXXX Elective Courses) / 3 0 3
/ MATH4114 Thesis
Guests/Students
6 MATH4115 1 0 1
Seminar-I
Total 16
Semester-VIII
Credit Hours
Mathematical Methods
1 PHYS3111 3 0 3 53
of Physics-I
2 MATH4117 Differential Geometry 3 0 3 54
3 MATH4118 Numerical Analysis-II 3 0 3 55
Elective-III (From List
4 3 0 3
MATHXXXX of Elective Courses)
Elective-IV (From List
MATHXXXX of Elective Courses) /
5 3 0 3
/ MATH4114 Thesis / Research
/ MATH4119 Project*
Guests/Students
6 MATH4120 1 0 1
Seminar-II
Total 16
Page 7 of 70
List of Elective Courses
Credit Hours
Sr. No. Course Code Course Title Theory Lab Total
1 MATH4122 Introduction to Field Extensions 3 0 3
2 MATH4125 Introduction to Plane Geometry 3 0 3
3 MATH4127 Introduction to Fluid Dynamics 3 0 3
4 MATH4129 Introduction to Riemannian Geometry 3 0 3
5 MATH4116 Measure Theory 3 0 3
6 MATH4130 Group Theory-II 3 0 3
Introduction to Algebraic Number
7 MATH4131 Theory 3 0 3
8 MATH4133 Introduction to Graph Theory 3 0 3
9 MATH4134 Partial Differential Equations 3 0 3
Quantitative Methods and Decision
10 MATH4135 Theory 3 0 3
Introduction to Special Theory of
11 PHYS4135 Relativity 3 0 3
12 PHYS3118 Introduction to Quantum Mechanics 3 0 3
13 MATH4114 Thesis 6 0 6
14 MATH4119 Research Project 3 0 3
15 PHYS3117 Electromagnetic Theory-I 3 0 3
16 PHYS4120 Electromagnetic Theory-II 3 0 3
*Students opting Research Project in Semester - VIII will have to study Elective -II course of 3 Cr.Hr.
in Semester -VII.
Note 1: Six credit hours teaching practice (non-creditable) will be mandatory to fulfill the
requirement of the degree.
Note 2: Teaching practice comprising of three weeks will be mandatory before the
commencement of semester-III and V respectively.
Page 8 of 70
Detail of Courses
Semester-I
Course Title: Functional English

Course Code: ENGL1114
Credit Hours: 3
Objective:
The main objectives of this course are to:
 Enhance language skills through grammar, phrases and sentence making.
 Develop skills for English writing and translation.
 Enhance creative writing skills
Course Outline:
1. Use of grammar in context

a. Parts of speech
b. Tenses: meaning & use
c. Use of active and passive voice
d. Use of articles and prepositions
e. Different sentence patterns
f. Combining sentences
2. Oral Communication Skills (Listening and Speaking)

a. Express ideas/opinions on topics related to students' lives and experiences
a. Participate in classroom discussions on contemporary issues
4. Reading and Writing Skills

a. Skimming
b. Scanning
c. Identifying main idea/topic sentence
d. Inference and prediction
e. Recognizing and interpreting cohesive devices
f. Note taking and note making
g. Generating ideas using a variety of strategies e.g. brainstorming
5. Developing a paragraph outline (topic sentence and supporting details)

a. Vocabulary building skills
6. To develop the ability to use a dictionary
Page 9 of 70
Recommended Books:
 Collins COBUILD Students' Grammar. London: Longman

 Eastwood, J. 2004. Oxford Practice Grammar. New Ed., with tests and answers. O UP
 Fisher, A. 2001. Critical Thinking. C UP 16
 Goatly, A. 2000. Critical Reading and Writing: An Introductory Course.
 London: Taylor & Francis
 Hacker, D. 1992. A Writer's Reference. 2nd Ed. Boston: St. Martin's
 Hewing, M. Advanced Grammar in Use. New Ed. C UP
 Murphy, Raymond. Grammar in Use. C UP
 Swan, M. and Walter C. How English Works. Oxford: O UP
 Thomson & Martinet. Practical English Grammar. O UP
 Wallace, M. 1992. Study Skills. C UP
 Yorky, R Study Skills
Page 10 of 70
Course Title: Islamic Studies
Course Code: ISLA1111
Credit Hours: 2
Objectives:
 Provide basic information about Islamic studies.
 Enhance understanding of the students regarding Islamic civilization.
 Improve student's skill to perform prayers and other worships.
 Enhance the skill of the students for understanding of issues related to faith and
religious life.
Courses Outline:
Introduction to Quranic Studies: Basic concepts of Quran, History of Quran, Uloom-ul-

Quran.
Study of Selected Text of Holy Quran: Verses of Surah Al-Baqra related to faith (Verse
No. 284-286), Verses of Surah Al-Hujrat related to Adab Al-Nabi (Verse No. 1-18), Verses
of Surah Al-Mumanoon related to characteristics of faithful (Verse No. 1-11), Verses of
Surah Al-Furqan related to social ethics (Verse No. 63-77), Verses of Surah Al-Inam related
to ihkam (Verse No. 152-154).
Study of Selected Text of Holy Quran: Verses of Surah Al-Ihzab related to Adab Al-Nabi
(Verse No. 6, 21, 40, 56, 57, 58), Verses of Surah Al-Hashar (Verse No. 18, 19, 20) related
to thinking, Day of Judgment, Verses of Surah Al-Saf related to tafakar, tadabar (Verse No.
1, 14).
Seerat of Holy Prophet (S.A.W) I: Life of Muhammad Bin Abdullah (Before Prophet
Hood), Life of Holy Prophet (S.A.W) in Makkah, Important lessons derived from the life of
Holy Prophet in Makkah.
Seerat of Holy Prophet (S.A.W) II: Life of Holy Prophet (S.A.W) in Madina, Important
events of life Holy Prophet in Madina, Important lessons derived from the life of Holy
Prophet in Madina.
Introduction to Sunnah: Basic concepts of Hadith, History of Hadith, Kinds of Hadith,
Uloom-ul-Hadith, Sunnah and Hadith, Legal position of Sunnah.
Page 11 of 70
Selected Study from Text of Hadith.
Introduction to Islamic Law and Jurisprudence: Basic concepts of Islamic law and
jurisprudence, History and importance of Islamic law and jurisprudence, Sources of Islamic
law and jurisprudence, Nature of differences in Islamic law, Islam and sectarianism.
Islamic Culture and Civilization: Basic concepts of Islamic culture and civilization,
Historical development of Islamic culture and civilization, Characteristics of Islamic culture
and civilization, Islamic culture and civilization and contemporary issues.
Islam and Science: Basic concepts of Islam and science, Contributions of Muslims in the
development of science, Quran and science.
Islamic Economic System: Basic concepts of Islamic economic system, Means of
distribution of wealth in Islamic economics, Islamic concept of Riba, Islamic ways of trade
and commerce.
Political System of Islam: Basic concepts of Islamic political system, Islamic concept of
sovereignty, Basic institutions of Govt. in Islam.
Islamic History: Period of Khlaft-e-Rashida, Period of Ummayyads, Period of Abbasids.
Social System of Islam: Basic concepts of social system of Islam, Elements of family,
Ethical values of Islam.
Recommended Books:
 Nawaz, M. Tafheem Islamiyat Compulsory. Qureshi Brothers Publishers.

 Akhtar, H.M. Mehyari Islamiyat Compulsory.
 Dr Tahir-Ul-Qadri. Seeriat-ai-Rasool. Dr Tahir-Ul-Qadri, Minhajussavi.
 Prof Ghulam Rasul. Islam ka Taleemi Nizam.
 Dr Khalid Naqvi. Islamic Social System.
 Prof Khursheed. Islamic Nazria Hayat.
 Hafiz Jalundri, Shahnama Islam.
 Hameed ullah Muhammad. Emergence of Islam. IRI, Islamabad.
 Hameed ullah Muhammad. Muslim Conduct of State.
 Hameed ullah Muhammad. Introduction to Islam.
 Hussain Hamid Hassan. An Introduction to the Study of Islamic Law. Leaf
Publication Islamabad, Pakistan.
Page 12 of 70
 Ahmad Hasan. (1993). Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence. Islamic Research
Institute, International Islamic University, Islamabad.
 Mir Waliullah. (1982). Muslim Jrisprudence and the Quranic Law of Crimes,
Islamic Book Service.
 H.S. Bhatia. (1989). Studies in Islamic Law, Religion and Society. Deep & Deep
Publications, New Delhi.
 Dr. Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq. “Introduction to Al Sharia Al Islamia”. Allama Iqbal
Open University, Islamabad (2001).
Page 13 of 70
Course Title: Foundations of Education
Course Code: EDUC3111
Credit Hours: 3
Objectives:
 Understand and analyze the elements and the processes of education.
 Comprehend the process of education in philosophical, psychological, sociological and
economical perspectives.
 Discuss the philosophical thoughts of educational thinkers.
 Discuss the significant educational initiatives from 2002 to date.
Course Outline:
Concept, Types and Process of Education: Concept of Education Meaning, Scope and
Importance, Modes of Education Informal, Formal and Non-formal, Elements of the Process
of Education, Aims and objectives, Curriculum, Pedagogy, Evaluation.
Philosophical Perspective: What is philosophy? Explaining Educational Philosophy,
Branches of Philosophy, Metaphysical, Epistemology and Axiology.
Educational Philosophies: Assumptions, curriculum, role of teacher and student, classroom
management, and evaluation, Perennialism, Progressivism, Essentialism, Reconstructionism.
Psychological Perspective: Educational Psychology, Concept and meaning, Role of
Psychology in selecting content, Role of Psychology in Pedagogy.
Socio-economic Perspective: Educational Sociology, Concept and meaning, Sociological
Roles in Education (conservative, critical and creative), Economic foundations of Education,
Education as investment, Education and national development: Pakistani perspective.
Significant Educational Initiatives: Education Sector Reform, Current education Policy
and Vision 2025.
Teaching and Learning Strategies: In general, collaborative, and interactive approaches.
Discussion/assignments/ presentations, projects using “learner-centered” methods,
“Reflective Journals” on each session, Maintaining course portfolios.
Recommended Books:
 Ahmed, K. (1972). Principles of Islamic Education. Lahore: Islamic Publications
Ltd.
 Canestrari, A. (2009). Foundations of Education. New York: Sage Publications.
 Goldblatt, P.F., & Smith, D. (2005). Cases for teacher development. New York:
Sage Publications.
 Gutek, G. L. (2004). Philosophical and Ideological Voices in Education. Boston:
Pearson.
 Government of Pakistan, Ministry of Education (2002). Education Sector Reforms
Action Plan. Islamabad.
 Government of Pakistan. (2009). National education policy 2009. Islamabad.
 Mangal, S.K. (2012). Advanced Educational Psychology. PHI learning: New Delhi.
 Ornstein, A.C and Levine, D.U (1995). An Introduction to the Foundations of
Education. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
 Semel, S. F. (2010). Foundations of education: The essential texts. USA: Routledge.
Page 14 of 70
Course Title: Introduction to Information Technology
Course Code: COMP1111
Credit Hours: 3
Objectives:
 Understand the fundamentals of Information Technology

 Learn about upcoming technologies in different disciplines
 Understand word processing, spreadsheet, databases and presentation softwares.
 Get the knowledge about networking and internet.
 Get the knowledge about computer risks and safety, system failure and backup.
Course Outline:
Computers: Introduction to Computers, History of Computers, Types of Computers,

Advantages and Disadvantages of using Computers
Computer Hardware: System unit, Central Processing Unit (CPU), Memory, Storage,
Input Devices, Output Devices and Communication Devices
Softwares: System Softwares, Application Softwares which includes Microsoft Word,
Excel, Access, PowerPoint, Outlook and discipline related softwares.
Networking: Network types, LAN, MAN and WAN, Internet, email, World-Wide Web, E-
Commerce, Video Conferencing, Computer-based Training, Distance learning
Computer Security, Safety, Ethics and Privacy: Computer Security Risks, Cyber Crimes,
Ethics and Society
System Failure and Backup: Surge Protectors, Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS),
Backup Full, differential, incremental, Disaster recovery plan
Recommended Books:
 Intro to Computers, Peter Norton, latest edition.

 Discovering Computers Complete, latest edition. Shelly Cashman series.
 Exploring Computers Complete latest edition by Floyd Fuller, Brian Larson.
 Steve Lambert and M Dow Lambert, Microsoft® Office Access(TM) Step by Step
(Step By Step (Microsoft)), 2007.
 Microsoft Office 2010: Ultimate Tips and Tricks by Matt Smith.
Note: in addition to the above, any other text or book referred by Instructor may also
be included.
Page 15 of 70
Course Title: Mechanics-I
Course Code: PHYS1111
Credit Hours: 4 (3+1)
Objectives:
The main objectives of this course are:
 To understand the different motions of objects on a macroscopic scale

 To develop simple mathematical formalisms to analyze such motions.
Course Outline:
Vectors: Vectors and scalars, components of vectors, addition of vectors, vector
multiplication, vector derivatives and operations, divergence theorem, stokes’ theorem
Particle dynamics: Effect of frictional and drag forces on motion, non-inertial frames and
pseudo forces.
Kinetic Energy and Work: Work-energy theorem, conservative and non-conservative
forces,
Center of Mass and Linear Momentum: Center of mass, newton’s second law for a
system of particles, linear momentum, two particle and many-particle systems, center of
mass of solid objects, momentum changes in a system of variable mass. Collisions in the
center-of-mass reference frame.
Gravitation: Newton’s law of gravitation, gravitational effect of a spherical mass
distribution, Kepler’s laws of planetary motion.
List of Experiments:
 The Harmonic Oscillation of Helical springs-parallel and series connection of spring
 Measuring moments of inertia of different bodies disc-Hollow of Solid cylinder
 Measurement of the speed of sound in air
 Coherence & width of spectral lines
 Diffraction intensity at slit of double slit system
 Stephen-Boltzmann’s law of Radiation
 Characteristics curve of a solar cell
 Magnetic field of paired coils in Helmholtz coils
Recommended Books:
 Resnick, Halliday & Krane, (1992). Physics Vol. I. 4th Edition, John Wiley and Sons
Inc.: New York.
 Resnick, Halliday & Krane, (2002). Physics Vol. I. 5th Edition, John Wiley and Sons
Inc.: New York.
 Resnick, Halliday & Krane, (1992). Fundamental of Physics. 9th Edition, John
Wiley and Sons Inc.: New York.
 Sears, Zemansky & Young. (2000). University Physics 8th Edition Addison-Wesley,
Reading (MA): USA,
 Alonso & Finn. (1999). Physics. Addison-Wesley, Reading (MA): USA.
Page 16 of 70
Course Title: Calculus-I
Course Code: MATH1111
Credit Hours: 3
Objectives:
 Apply the definition of limit to evaluate limits by multiple methods and use it to
derive the definition and rules for differentiation and integration.
 Use derivatives to analyze and graph algebraic and transcendental functions.
 Apply the definition of definite integral to evaluate basic integrals.
Course Outlines:
Preliminaries: Intervals, Inequalities, Functions, Graphs of Functions, Lines, Circles,

Parabolas, Shifting and Scaling of Graphs
Limits and Continuity: The Precise Definition of a Limit, Calculating Limits Using the
Limit Laws, One-Sided Limits, Limits at Infinity, Infinite Limits and Vertical Asymptotes,
Continuity
Differentiation: Secant and Tangent Lines, Rates of Change, The Derivative, Physical and
Geometric Interpretation of a Derivative, Techniques of Differentiation, The Chain Rule,
Implicit Differentiation, Linearization, Differentials
Applications of Derivatives: Extreme Values of Functions, Monotonic Functions and the
First Derivative Test, Concavity, Rolle’s Theorem, The Mean-Value Theorem, Curve
Sketching: Graphs of Polynomials and Rational Functions, Applied Optimization Problems,
Indeterminate Forms and L’Hôpital’s Rule
Derivatives of Transcendental Functions: Logarithmic and Exponential Functions,
Derivatives of Logarithmic and Exponential Functions, Graphs Involving Logarithmic and
Exponential Functions, Inverse Functions, Derivatives of Hyperbolic and Inverse
Hyperbolic Functions, Derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Recommended Books:
 Anton, H. (2012). Calculus. Laurie Rosatone

 Stewart, J. (2015). Calculus. Cengage Learning
Page 17 of 70
Semester-II
Course Title: Communication Skills

Course code: ENGL1119
Credit Hours: 3
Objectives:
The main objective of this course is to:
 To enable the students to meet their real life communication needs.
Course Outline:
 Oral presentation skills (prepared and unprepared talks)
 Preparing for interviews (scholarship, job, placement for internship, etc.)
 Writing formal letters
 Writing different kinds of applications (leave, job, complaint, etc.)
 Preparing a Curriculum Vitae (CV), (bio-data)
 Writing short reports
Recommended Readings
 Ellen, K. 2002. Maximize Your Presentation Skills: How to Speak, Look and Act on
 Your Way to the Top
 Hargie, O. (ed.) Hand book of Communications Skills
 Mandel, S. 2000. Effective Presentation Skills: A Practical Guide Better Speaking
 Mark, P. 1996. Presenting in English. Language Teaching Publications.
Page 18 of 70
Course Title: Pakistan Studies
Course Code: PAKS1111
Credit Hours: 2
Objectives:
 Impart an understanding of the fundamental principles and teaching of Pakistan
studies.
 Take an analytical view in the history and development of Muslim society and
culture in the subcontinent, emergence of Pakistan and its constitutional
development.
 Develop an appreciation of the issues of challenges currently being faced in Pakistan.
 Look at the strength of its people and strategies to deal with the impediments to
progress.
 Have a view on International Relations of Pakistan.
Course outline:
Historical Perspectives: Ideological rationale with special reference to Sir Syed Ahmad
Khan, Allama Muhammad Iqbal and Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Factors leading
to Muslim separation, Indus civilization, Muslim advent, Location and geo-physical
features.
Government and Politics in Pakistan: Political and constitutional phases: 1947-58; 1958-
71; 1971-77; 1977-88; 1988-99; 1999 onward.
Contemporary Pakistan: Economic institutions and issues, Society and social structure,
Ethnicity, Foreign policy of Pakistan and challenges, Futuristic outlook of Pakistan.
Recommended Books:
 Shahid Javed Burki. (1980). State and Society in Pakistan. The Macmillan Press Ltd.
 Akbar Zaidi. (2000). Issue in Pakistan’s Economy. Oxford University Press, Karachi.
 Burke, S.M. and Lawrence. (1993). Pakistan’s Foreign Policy: An Historical
Analysis by Ziring. Oxford University Press.
 Safdar Mehmood. (1994). Pakistan’s Political Roots and Development.
 Ansar Zahid. (1980). History and Culture of Sind. Royal Book Company, Karachi.
 Khali Bin Sayeed. (1967). Political Systems of Pakistan, Houghton Mifflin, Boston.
Page 19 of 70
Course Title: General Methods of Teaching
Credit Hours: 3
Objectives:
 Describe the importance of the efficient teaching methodology in the overall teaching
learning process.
 Appreciate the characteristics of various methods of teachings.
 Select a suitable method or strategy to make his/her teaching effective in local context.
 Apply various teaching methods and strategies during teaching of their subjects.
Course Outline:
The Concept and Principles of Teaching: Concept of teaching, Features of teaching,
Planning for teaching, Principles of teaching.
Teaching Methods/ Strategies and their selection: Concept of methods, strategies, tactics,
and techniques, Criteria for selection of a method/ strategy, Selection of Method / technique.
Methods of Teaching: Lecture Method, Text Book Method, Discussion Method, Team
Teaching, Demonstration Method, Project Method, Activity Method, Assignment Method,
Problem Solving Method, Inductive & Deductive Method, Drill Method, Socratic Method,
Simulated Teaching, Programmed Instruction, Computer Assisted Instruction, Personalized
System of Instruction.
Lesson Planning: Introduction to Lesson Planning, Steps of Lesson Planning, Types of
Lesson Planning, Evaluation of Lesson Planning, Instructional objectives in Behavioral
Terms (Blooms Taxonomy).
Planning Instruction in the relevant Content Area: The students will learn to teach
different topics in their relevant subject. For example, BS math students will learn and plan
how to teach numbers, geometry, fraction etc. The students will also micro teach before
going for teaching practice.
Teaching Learning Strategies: Lecture method followed by discussion and question,
answer method, Cooperative learning, Students are required to prepare and maintain course
portfolio, Assignments and presentations / quizzes based on the content of the course outline
and project using “do-it-yourself” or “learner-centered” methods.
Recommended Books:
 Westwood, P. (2008). What teachers need to know about teaching methods,

Australia. Camberwell, Vic. : ACER Press
 Mukalel, J.C(2003). Creative Approaches to Classroom Teaching, Delhi: Discovery
Publishing House.
 Smith, B.O (1983). Elements of Teaching. Columbia Teacher’s College Press.
Page 20 of 70
Course Title: Computing Tools for Mathematics
Credit Hours: 3
Objectives:
 Handle polynomials.
 Do differentiation and integration.
 Produce two- and three-dimensional plots.
 Produce animating plots.
Course Outline:
The contents of the course are not fixed, however the following points should be kept in
mind while teaching the course. The course should be taught in a computer lab setting.
Besides learning to use the software, the students must be able to utilize the software to
solve computationally difficult problems in calculus and other areas of mathematics. At the
end of the course, the students should have a good command on at least two of the three
programs mentioned above.
Recommended Books:
 Garvan, F. (2002). The Maple Book. Chapman & Hall/CRC
 Kaufmann, S. (1994). Mathematica as a Tool: An Introduction with Practical
Examples. Springer, New York
 Etter, D. M. Kuncicky, D. and Hull, D. (2001). Introduction to MATLAB 6. Prentice
Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA
Page 21 of 70
Course Title: Mechanics-II
Objectives:
The main objectives of this course are;
 To understand the different motions of objects on a macroscopic scale and

 To develop simple mathematical formalisms to analyze such motions. This is a
calculus-based introductory course with maximum emphasis on applying the
acquired knowledge to solving problems.
Course Outline:
Rotational Dynamics: Rotational variables, Rotation with constant angular momentum,
relating linear and angular variables, Torque, Newton’s second law for rotation, work and
rotational kinetic energy, moment of inertia, moment of inertia of bodies of various shapes
parallel axis and perpendicular axis theorems, Rotational dynamics of rigid bodies, Equation
of motion and effects of application of torques
Rolling, Torque, and Angular Momentum: Forces and kinetic energy of rolling, Angular
momentum, Newton’s Second Law in Angular Form, The Angular Momentum of a System
of Particles, Conservation of angular momentum.
Equilibrium and Elasticity: Equilibrium, The Requirements of Equilibrium, The Center of
Gravity, Some Examples of Static Equilibrium, Elasticity, stress and strain.
Relativity: Inertial and non-inertial frames, postulates of special relativity, Galilean and
Lorentz transformation, length contraction and time dilation, relativistic mass, Relativistic
momentum and relativistic energy.
List of experiments:
 Interference of light Fresnel Biprism
 Measurement of wavelengths of sodium light, difference of wave lengths and
thickness of thin film e.g. mica using Michelson interferometer.
 The determination of Cauchy’s constants using spectrometer.
 Determining the modulus of elasticity.
 Determining resistances using a Wheatstone bridge.
Recommended Books:
 Resnick, Halliday & Krane (1992). Physics Vol. I&II,4th Edition. John Wiely and
Sons Inc. New York.
 Resinck,Krane (2002). Physics Vol I. I,5th Edition. John Wiley and Sons Inc. New
York.
 Halliday, Resinck & Krane (2010). Fundamental of Physics, 8th Edition, John Wiley
and Son Inc. New York.
 Sear, Zemansky & Young (2000). University Physics 8th Edition: USA.
Page 22 of 70
Course Title: Calculus-II
Credit Hour: 3
Objectives:
 Gain basic knowledge of the fundamental concepts behind definite and indefinite
integration, i.e. Riemann Sums and the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.
 Know the rules of integral calculus.
 Have knowledge of sequences and series including tests for convergence.
 Have basic knowledge of power and Taylor series, including test for convergence
and methods of approximation of sums.
Course Outline:
Integration: The Indefinite Integral, Estimating with Finite Sums, Sigma Notation and
Limits of Finite Sums, Areas as Limits, The Definite Integral, The Fundamental Theorem of
Calculus
Applications of Definite Integrals: Area between Two Curves, Volumes by Slicing; Discs
and Washers, Volumes by cylindrical Shells, Length of a Plane Curve, Area of a Surface of
Revolution
Techniques of Integration: Integration by Parts, Integration of Rational Functions by
Partial Fractions, Integrating Powers of Sine and Cosine, , Integrating Powers of Secant and
Cosecant, Trigonometric substitutions, Improper Integrals, Evaluating Integral
Infinite Sequences and Series: Sequences, Monotone Sequences, Infinite Series, The
Integral Test, Comparison Tests, The Ratio Test, The Root Test, Alternating series, Absolute
and Conditional Convergence, Power Series, Taylor and Maclaurin Series, Convergence of
Taylor Series; Error Estimates, Applications of Power Series, Fourier Series
Recommended Books:
 Anton, H. (2012). Calculus. Laurie Rosatone.
Page 23 of 70
Semester-III
Course Title: Technical Writing and Presentation Skills
Course Code: ENGL2115
Credit Hours: 3
Objectives:
 Enhance language skills.
 Develop critical thinking.
Course Outline:
Presentation skills
 Elements of an effective speech

 Getting ready for presentation (organizing data)
 During the Presentation. (gaining attention, presenting data, working with visuals etc.)
 After the presentation (revision, question answer session, feedback)
 Presentation ethics
Essay writing
 Descriptive, narrative, discursive, argumentative
 Parts of essay
Academic writing
 How to write a proposal for research paper/term paper
 How to write a research paper/term paper (emphasis on style, content, language, form,
clarity, consistency)
Report Writing
 Types of Reports
 Formats
Note: Extensive reading is required for vocabulary building
Recommended books:
Technical Writing and Presentation Skills
a) Essay Writing and Academic Writing
1. Writing. Advanced by Ron White. Oxford Supplementary Skills. Third Impression
1992.ISBN 0194354073 (particularly suitable for discursive, descriptive, argumentative and
report writing).
2. College Writing Skills by John Langan. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. 2004.
3. Patterns of College Writing (4th edition) by Laurie G. Kirszner and Stephen R.
MandelLSt.-Martin's Press
b) Presentation Skills
c) Reading
Page 24 of 70
The Mercury Reader. A Custom Publication. Compiled by norther Illinois University. General
Editors: Janice Neulib; Kathleen Shine Cain; Stephen Ruffus and Maurice Scharton. (A reader which
will give students exposure to the best of twentieth century literature, without taxing the taste of
engineering students).
Advanced Academic Writing
Advanced writing skills and strategies building on English I & II in semesters I and II:
 Writing summaries of articles
 report writing
 Analysis and synthesis of academic material in writing
 Presenting an argument in assignments/term-papers and examination answers
Recommended Readings:
 Aaron, J. 2003. The Compact Reader. New York: Bedford

 Axelrod, R. B and Cooper, C.R. 2002. Reading Critical Writing Well: A Reader and Guide
 Barnet, S. and Bedau, H. 2004. Critical Thinking, Reading and Writing: A Brief Guide to
Writing. 6th Edition.
 Behrens & Rosen. 2007. Reading and Writing Across the Curriculum.
 Gardner, P. S. 2005. New Directions: Reading Writing and Critical Thinking
 George, D. and Trimbur, J. 2006. Reading Culture: Context for Critical Reading and
Writing. 6th Edition
 Goatly, A. 2000. Critical Reading and Writing: An Introductory Course. London: Taylor &
Francis
 Grellet, F., Writing for Advanced Learners of English. CUP
 Jordan, K. M. and Plakans, L. 2003. Reading and Writing for Academic Success
 Jordon, R. R. 1999. Academic Writing Course. CUP.
 Smith, L. C. 2003. Issues for Today: An Effective Reading Skills Text
 Withrow J., Effective Writing. CUP
Page 25 of 70
Course Title: Educational Assessment
Credit Hours: 3
Objectives:
 Understand different concepts used in educational assessment.
 Differentiate between the various forms of assessment.
 Understand classification of the types of assessment and their usability.
 Design and construct assessment that measures a variety of learning outcomes.
 Apply principles of assessment in planning a classroom assessment.
 Apply strategies to construct valid and reliable test items.
 Recognize both the potentialities and the limitations of the various types of tests &
assessment procedures used in the schools.
 Interpret assessment results effectively.
Course Outline:
Introduction to Educational Assessment: Introducing the Concepts: Test, Measurement,

Assessment & Evaluation, Instructional Process and &Role of Assessment, Assessment of
and Assessment for Learning, Principles of Assessment, Classification of Assessment on the
basis of Nature of Assessment., Purpose of Assessment, Forms of Assessment, Methods of
Interpreting Results, Teacher made vs standardized test.
Planning Classroom Assessment: Instructional Aims, Goals and Objectives, General vs
Specific Learning Outcomes, Taxonomy of Education Objectives, Developing Assessment
Framework, Developing Test Specifications, Selecting appropriate type of test items.
Types of Achievement Test: Subjective Vs Objective: Constructing Objective Test Items,
Characteristics, Different Types, Rules to construct, Scoring, Advantages and Limitations,
Constructing Subjective Test Items, Characteristics, Different Types, Rules to construct,
Developing Scoring Rubrics and Scoring, Advantages and Limitations.
Assessment Techniques in Affective and Psychomotor Domains: Observation, Self-
reports, Questionnaire, Interview, Rating scales, Anecdotal record, Checklists, Peer
appraisal.
Test Appraisal: Qualities of Good Test, Validity, Reliability, Usability, Item Analysis for
Achievement Test, Item Discrimination, Item difficultly, Building Item Bank.
Interpreting Test Scores: Functions of Grading and Reporting, Types of Grading and
Reporting, Relative Vs Absolute Scoring, Assigning Letter Grades, Record Keeping and
Grading Software, Use of Feedback of Assessment.
Teaching Learning Strategies: Lecture method followed by discussion and question
and project using “do-it-yourself” or “learner-centered” methods, Development of test items.
Recommended Books:
 Ebel, Robert (2004). Essentials of Educational Measurement. India: Prentice hall.
Page 26 of 70
 Freeman, Richard, (2004). Planning and Implementing Assessment. New York: Rout
ledge Flamer.
 Linn, R. L. (2008). Measurement and assessment in teaching. Pearson Education
India.
Page 27 of 70
Course Title: Electricity and Magnetism-I
Objectives:
The main objectives of this course are
 To understand the Physics of Electromagnetism
 To develop simple mathematical formalisms to analyze the electromagnetic fields
and interactions. This is a calculus-based introductory course with maximum
emphasis on applying the acquired knowledge to solving problems.
Course Outline:
Electric field: Electric field due to a point charge, electric dipole, line of charge and a
charged disk, a point charge in an electric field, electric field of continuous charge
distributions, dipole in an electric field
Gauss’ Law: Electric Flux, Gauss’ Law, Applications of Gauss’ law
Electric Potential: Equipotential Surfaces, Calculating the Potential from the Field,
Potential due to a Charged Particle, group of Charged Particles, Electric Dipole and
Continuous Charge Distribution, Calculating the Field from the Potential, Electric Potential
Energy of a System of Charged Particles, Potential of Charged Isolated Conductor.
Capacitance: Capacitors in Parallel and in Series, Energy Stored in an Electric Field,
Capacitor with a Dielectric, Dielectrics and Gauss’ Law.
Circuits: Calculating the Current in a Single-Loop Circuit, Multi-loop Circuits, the
Ammeter and the Voltmeter, RC Circuits.
Magnetic Fields: The Hall Effect, A Circulating Charged Particle, Magnetic Force on a
Current-Carrying Wire, Torque on a Current Loop, The Magnetic Dipole Moment, Biot-
Savart law, Amperes law.
List of experiments:
 Measurement of resistance using a Neon flash bulb and condenser
 Conversion of a Galvanometer into Voltmeter and Ammeter.
 To study the characteristics of Photoemission and determination of Plank’s constant
using a Photo cell.
 Calibration of an ammeter and a voltmeter by potentiometer.
 Charge sensity of a ballistic galvanometer.
 Measurement of self/mutual inductance.
 Study of electric circuit by black box.
Recommended Books:
 Resnick, Halliday & Krane (1992), 4th Edition,. Physics Vol II: John Wiley and Sons
Inc, New York.
 Resnick, Halliday and Krane (2002) 5th Edition, Physics Vol.II: John Wiley and Sons
Inc, New York.
 Halliday Resnick and Krane (1999), 5th Edition: Fundamental of Physics John Wiley
and Sons Inc, New York.
Page 28 of 70
 Sears, Zemansky & Young (2000), University Physics 8th Edition: Addison-Wesley,
Reading (MA), USA.
 Alonso and Finn (1999): Physics: Addison-Wesley, Reading (MA), USA.
Page 29 of 70
Course Title: Calculus-III
Credit Hours: 3
Objectives:
 Perform operations with vectors in two and three dimensional space and apply to
analytic geometry.
 Differentiate and integrate vector-valued functions and apply calculus to motion
problems in two and three dimensional space.
 Determine the limits, derivatives, gradients, and integrals of multivariate functions.
 Solve problems in multiple integration using rectangular, cylindrical, and spherical
coordinate systems.
 Work with Green’s, Divergence, and Stoke’s theorems.
Course Outline:
Partial Derivatives: Functions of Two or More Variables, Limits and Continuity, Partial
Derivatives, Differentiability and Chain Rule for Two Variables, Differentiability of Three
Variables, Directional Derivatives of Three Variables, Gradients for Functions of Three,
Maxima and Minima of Functions of Two Variables
Multiple Integrals: Double Integrals, Double Integrals over Non Rectangular Regions,
Double Integrals in Polar Coordinates, Surface Area, Triple Integrals, Centroid, Triple
Integrals in Cylindrical and Spherical Coordinates, Change of Variables in Multiple
Integrals
Integration in Vector Fields: Line Integrals, Vector Fields, Green’s theorem,
Parameterized surfaces, Stokes’ Theorem, The Divergence Theorem
Recommended Books:
 Anton, H. (2012). Calculus. Laurie Rosatone.

Page 30 of 70
Course Title: Analytic Geometry
Credit Hours: 3
Objectives:
 Understand geometry and its applications in the real world.
 Communicate geometric ideas in the language of the mathematician.
 Select and use units of appropriate size and type to measure angles, perimeter,
surface area, and volume.
 Analyze characteristics and properties of two- and three-dimensional geometric
shapes and develop mathematical arguments about geometric relationships.
Course Outline:
Conic sections and polar coordinates: Conic sections, classifying conic sections by
quadratic equations and eccentricity, quadratic equations and rotations, conics and
parametric equations, cycloid, polar coordinates, graphing in polar coordinates, areas and
lengths in polar coordinates, conic sections in polar coordinates
Vectors and geometry of space: Three-dimensional coordinate system, vectors, the dot
product, the cross product, Projections, lines and planes in space, Parametric Equations of
Lines, Distance of Point from a Line, Distance Between Two Parallel Lines, Skew Lines,
Planes in 3-space, Distance of a Point from a Plane, Distance between Two Parallel Planes,
Line as an Intersection of Two Planes, cylinders and quadric surfaces
Recommended Books:
 Anton, H. (2012). Calculus. Laurie Rosatone

Page 31 of 70
Course Title: Elementary Set Theory
Credit Hours: 3
Objectives:
 Understand cardinals.
 Talk about relations.
 Understand logical statements.
 Describe concepts of graph theory.
Course Outline:
Set theory: Sets, subsets, operations with sets: union, intersection, difference, symmetric
difference, Cartesian product and disjoint union.
Functions: Graph of a function. Composition; injections, surjections, bijections, inverse
function
Computing cardinals: Cardinality of Cartesian product, union, Cardinality of all functions
from a set to another set. Cardinality of all injective, surjective and bijective functions from
a set to another set, Infinite sets, finite sets. Countable and uncountable sets, Operations with
cardinal numbers, Cantor-Bernstein theorem
Relations: Types of relations: Equivalence relations, Order relations, partitions, quotient set,
minimum, maximum, infimum, supremum, linear order, well-ordered sets, Inductively
ordered sets and Zorn’s lemma
Methods of Proofs: Inductive method, deductive method, method of contradiction
Recommended Books:
 Fraenkal, A. A. (1966). Abstract Set Theory, North-Holland Publishing Company
 Halmos, P. R. (1950). Naive Set Theory, New York, Van Nostrand
 Rotman, B. and Kneebone, G. T. (1968). The Theory of sets and Transfinite
Numbers, Oldbourne London
 Garnier, R. and Taylor, J. (2010). Discrete Mathematics, CRC Press
Page 32 of 70
Semester-IV
Course Title: Modern Physics and Electronics
Objectives:
The main objectives of this course are
 To understand the non-classical aspects of Physics,
 To understand the applications of Quantum Physics in microscopic-scale Physics,
atomic and molecular structure and processes.
Course Outline:
Photons and Matter Waves: Thermal radiation (black body radiation), quantization of
energy, The photoelectric effect, Compton effect, line spectra, wave behavior of particles,
Testing de Broglie’s hypothesis, waves, waves packets and particles, Heisenberg’s
uncertainty principle, Wave function, Schrödinger equation, dual nature of matter (waves
and particles).
More about Matter Waves: Wave Functions of a Trapped Electron, An Electron in a Finite
Well, The atomic structure of hydrogen, Bohr’s theory, spin, X-ray spectrum.
Electronics: Basic crystal structure, free electron model, energy band in solid and energy
gaps, p-type and N-type semiconductors, diode, tansistor, positive and negative feedback
R.C Oscillator, Monostable multivibrator, logic gates and their applications
List of Experiments:
 To determine the ionization potential of mercury.
 Setup of an RLC series circuit. Draw its frequency response curve and find the
values of resonance frequency bandwidth and quality factor.
 Setup of an R.L.C parallel circuit. Draw its frequency response curve and find the
values of resonance band – width and quality factor.
 To set up a half-wave and full-wave rectifier and demonstrate the wave shape on
C.R.O. Also study the effect of smoothing current (capacitive filter) and the ripple
voltage.
 To set up the triode value as a single as a single stage voltage amplifier, and
measurement of its gain by an oscilloscope.
Recommended Books:
 Resnick, Halliday and Krane(1992), Physics Vol. II (extended): 4th Edition, John
Wiley and Sons Inc, New York.
 Resnick, Halliday and Krane(2002), Physics Vol.II(extended): 5th Edition, John
Wiley and Sons Inc, New York.
 Halliday Resnick and Krane(2010), Fundamental of Physics: 9th Edition, John Wiley
and Sons Inc, New York.
 Sears, Zemansky and Young(2000), University Physics 8th Edition: Addison-Wesley,
Reading (MA), USA.
 Alonso and Finn(1999), Physics : Addison-Wesley, Reading (MA), USA.
 A. Beiser(1988), Concepts of Modern Physics: McGraw-Hill, New York, USA.
Page 33 of 70
Course Title: Curriculum Design and Instruction
Credit Hours: 3
Objectives:
 Explain the concept of curriculum and instructions.
 Understand models of curriculum.
 Know the existing school curriculum components.
 Implement curriculum in real context.
Course Outline:
Introduction to Curriculum and Instruction: Curriculum as product, process, Program,
Intended Learning and experience of Learner, Difference between course, syllabus and
curriculum, Elements of curriculum, Concept of instruction, Relationship between
curriculum and Instruction.
Designs of Curriculum: Subject Centered Curriculum, Learner Centered Curriculum, Core
Curriculum, Activity based curriculum, Integrated Curriculum, Hidden curriculum.
Processes of Curriculum Development and Implementation: Need Assessment,
Foundations of curriculum, Philosophical, Psychological, Sociological, Economic,
Objectives of Curriculum, Content selection, Implementation Strategy, Evaluation
Strategies.
Composition of National School Curriculums: Competencies, Standards, Benchmarks,
Student Learning Outcomes, Analysis of current National curriculum documents of relevant
subjects.
Selecting and Implementing Strategies of Instruction: Styles of teaching and learning,
Selection of instructional strategies, Organization, Presentation and implementation of
instruction.
Teaching Learning Strategies: Lecture method followed by discussion and question
and project using “do-it-yourself” or “learner-centered” methods.
Recommended Books:
 Oliva, P. F., & Gordon II, W. R. (2012). Developing the curriculum. Pearson Higher
Ed.
 Marsh, C.J. (2010). Key Concepts for Understanding Curriculum ( 4th Edit.) London:
Routledge Taylor and Francis Group
 Prattg D. (2009). Curriculum Design and Development. New,York: Harcourt Brace
Jovandovich,INC.
 Chaube, S.N. (2011). Curriculum Planning And Instruction. NEW Delhi Wisdom
Press.
Page 34 of 70
Course Title: Introduction to Statistics and Probability
Course Code: STAT2111
Credit Hours: 3
Objectives:
 Understand the statistical models graphically and mathematically.
 Realize the handling of data and to manipulate the data as per the requirements.
 Illustrate the averages, i.e., mean, median, mode, variance and standard deviation etc.
 Understand the concept of basic probability and probability distribution.
Course Outline:
Preliminaries: Frequency Distribution, Histogram, Pie-Chart, Multiple Bar Graph,
Cumulative Frequency Curve and Polygon, Mean , Mode, Median, Variance and Standard
Deviation, Quartiles, Deciles, Percentiles, Coefficient of Variation, Scatter Plots,
Correlation Coefficient, Methods of Least Squares, Regression Line, Curve Fitting
Probability: Sample Space, Event, Mutually Exclusive Events, Exhaustive Events, Equally
Likely Events, Axioms of Probability, Tree Diagram, Law of Complement, Law of
Addition, Conditional Probability, Law of Multiplication, Dependent and Independent
Events, Bayes’ Formula, Repeated Independent Trials, Binomial, and normal distributions
Recommended Books:
 Lipschutz, L. Introduction to Probability and Statistics. McGraw-Hill

 Freund, J. E. Mathematical Statistics, Prentice-Hall
Page 35 of 70
Course Title: Discrete Mathematics
Credit Hours: 3
Objectives:
 Identify and apply basic concepts of set theory, arithmetic, logic, proof techniques,
binary relations, graphs and trees.
 Produce convincing arguments, conceive and/or analyze basic mathematical proofs
and discriminate between valid and unreliable arguments.
 Apply the knowledge and skills obtained to investigate and solve a variety of discrete
mathematical problems.
 Reflect on your own learning and that of peers.
Course Outline:
Combinatorics: The basics of counting, Pigeonhole principle, permutation, combinations,

recurrence relations, inclusion-exclusion principle
Elementary Logic: Logics of order zero and one, Propositions and connectives, truth tables,
conditionals and bi-conditionals, quantifiers, methods of proofs, proofs involving
quantifiers.
Graph Theory: Graphs and Sub-graphs, Complete Graphs, Regular Graphs, Bipartite
Graphs, Trees, Planar Graphs, Isomorphic Graphs, Paths, Euler and Hamilton Graphs,
Labeled and Weighted Graphs, Graph Coloring
Recommended books:
 Rosen, K. H. (2012). Discrete Mathematics and Its Applications. New York,

McGraw-Hill Companies.
 Ross, K. A. and Wright C. R. B. (2003). Discrete Mathematics. Englewood Cliffs,
Prentice Hall,
 Lipschutz, S. and Lipson, M. (2007). Discrete Mathematics. New York, McGraw-
Hill
Page 36 of 70
Course Title: Ordinary Differential Equations
Credit Hours: 3
Objectives:
 Find general solutions to first-order, second-order, and higher-order homogeneous
and nonhomogeneous differential equations by manual and technology-based
methods.
 Select and apply appropriate methods to solve differential equations; these methods
will include, but are not limited to, undetermined coefficients, variation of
parameters, eigenvalues and eigenvectors, Laplace and inverse Laplace transforms.
Course Outline:
Introduction to Differential Equations: Differential Equation (DE), Classification of DEs

by Type, Order, and Linearity; Solutions of DEs: Trivial, Explicit, Implicit, Particular,
Singular, and General; Introduction to Initial-Value and Boundary-Value Problems,
Existence of a Unique Solution; Introduction to Mathematical Modeling with DEs
First-Order Differential Equations: Solutions of Separable, Homogeneous, Exact, and
Linear DEs; Solutions of Bernoulli’s, Ricatti’s, and Clairaut’s DEs
Linear Differential Equations of Higher Order: nth Order Homogeneous Linear DEs:
Superposition Principle, Linear Dependence, Linear Independence, Wronskian,
Fundamental Set of Solutions, General Solution; nth Order Nonhomogeneous Linear DEs:
Superposition Principle, General Solution; Constructing a Second Solution from a Known
Solution; Homogeneous Linear DEs with Constant Coefficients; Undetermined Coefficients;
Applications of Second-Order DEs; Solving DEs.
Differential Equations with Variable Coefficients: Cauchy-Euler Equation, Power Series
Solutions, Solutions about Ordinary and Singular Points, Solutions of Bessel and Legendre
Equations; Finding Power Series Solutions of DEs.
Laplace Transform: Laplace Transform, Inverse Laplace Transform, Transforms of
Derivatives and Integrals, Solving DEs Using Laplace Transforms; Evaluating Laplace
Transforms.
Systems of Linear Differential Equations: Operator Method, Laplace Method, Matrices
and Systems of Linear First-Order DEs, Homogeneous Linear Systems; Solving systems of
DEs.
Recommended Books:
 Dennis, G. Z. and Michael, R. C. (2009). Differential Equations with Boundary-
Value Problems. Cengage Learning
Page 37 of 70
Course Title: Elementary Linear Algebra
Credit Hours: 3
Objectives:
 Set up and solve systems of linear equations.
 Perform matrix operations as appropriate Evaluate determinants and use their
properties.
 Understand and use linear transformations.
 Perform LU decompositions.
 Evaluate and apply eigenvectors and eigenvalues.
Course Outline:
Vectors in Rn and Cn: Vectors in Rn, Linear combination of Vectors, Dot (Inner) Product,
Angle Between Vectors, Projections, Cauchy-Schwarz Inequality, Minkowski Inequality,
Hyperplanes, Lines, Vectors in R3 (Spatial Vectors), Cross Product, Lagrange’s Identity,
Solving Vector Problems using a Computer Algebra System (CAS): Maple, Mathematica or
Matlab
Algebra of Matrices: Matrices, Squares of Matrices, Trace, Powers of Matrices,
Polynomials in Matrices, Invertible Matrices, Orthogonal Matrix, Normal Matrix, Hermitian
Matrix, Unitary Matrix, (Complex) Normal Matrix, Block Matrices; Dealing Matrices with
Maple, Mathematica or Matlab.
Systems of Linear Equations: System of Linear Equations and Its Solutions, Equivalent
Systems, Elementary Operations, Gaussian Elimination, Echelon Matrices, Row
Equivalence, Homogeneous System of Linear Equations, Elementary Matrices, LU
Decomposition; Solving Linear Systems with Maple, Mathematica or Matlab
Determinants: Determinants, Properties of Determinants, Minors and Cofactors, Classical
Adjoint, Cramer’s Rule, Principal Minors, Block Matrices and Determinants
Recommended Books:
 Lipschutz, S. and Lipson, M. (2009). Linear Algebra. New York, McGraw-Hill

 Kolman, B. (2007). Elementary Linear Algebra with Applications. Toronto,
Pearson.
 Anton, H. (2005). Elementary Linear Algebra. John Wiley & Sons
Page 38 of 70
Semester-V
Course Title: Real Analysis-I
Credit Hours: 3
Objectives:
 Get firm grip on basic ideas of real numbers, and their basic operations.
 Apply and use the concepts of infinite sequences and series.
 Know concretely about continuity, differentiability and their uses.
 Apply ideas of partial differentiations and its uses in real world problems.
Course Outline:
The Real Number System: Ordered sets and ordered field, Field of real numbers, Extended
real number system, Euclidean space. Mathematical Induction, Finite and infinite sets.
Completeness properties of Real numbers, Suprimum and Infimum, Applications of
suprimum and infimum, Intervals, Nested sequence of Intervals
Numerical Sequences and Series: Convergent sequences, Subsequence, Cauchy sequences,
Series and its convergence, Comparison tests, Absolutely convergent series, Series of non-
negative terms, Root and ratio tests, Power series
Continuity: The Limit of a function. Continuous functions, Continuity and compactness,
Uniform continuity, Continuity and connectedness, Discontinuities
Differentiation: The derivative of a real function. Mean-value theorems, Roll Theorem,
Continuity of derivatives, Maxima and Minima of a function, Taylor’s Theorem
Real-Valued Functions of Several Variables: Partial derivatives and differentiability,
Derivatives and differentials of composite functions, Change in the order of partial
derivation, Implicit functions and inverse functions
Recommended Books
 Bartle. R. (2008). Introduction to Real Analysis. John Wiley & Sons.

 Ruddin, W. (1976). Principles of Mathematical Analysis. McGraw-Hill Book
Company.
Page 39 of 70
Course Title: Group Theory-I
Credit Hours: 3
Objectives:
 Get firm grip on basic ideas of groups and their basic operations with examples.
 Apply and use the concepts of subgroups and Lagrange’s theorem.
 Know concretely about group homomorphism and its uses.
 Understand ideas of classifications.
Course Outline:
Groups: Definition, Order of group, Order of an element, Abelian groups, subgroups, cyclic
groups, Fundamental theorem of cyclic group.
Complexes in groups: complexes and coset decomposition of groups, Index of subgroup in

a group, Langrange's theorem and applications, Centre of a group, Normalizer in a group,
centralizer in a group, Conjugacy relation and congruence relation in a group, Normal
subgroups and Quotient groups.
Group Homomorphism: Definition of a homomorphism, Endomorphism and

automorphism, Isomorphism theorems and related results.
Double Coset and Direct product of groups: Definition and basic results of cosets, Double
cosets and related theorems.
Sylow Groups: Cauchy's theorems for abelian groups, Cauchy's theorems for general
groups, Sylow's theorem.
Recommended Books:
 Dummit, D. and Foote, R. (2004). Abstract Algebra. John Wiley & Sons.
 Fraleigh, B. (1967). A First Course in Abstract Algebra. Pearson Education.
Page 40 of 70
Course Title: Complex Analysis
Credit Hours: 3
Objectives:
 Get firm grip on basic ideas of complex numbers and their basic operations with
examples.
 Apply and use the concepts of analytic functions and limits.
 Know concretely about elementary functions and their properties.
 Understand ideas of complex integration and power series expansion.
 Use concept of residues.
Course Outline:
Complex Numbers: Complex Numbers and their Algebraic Properties, Cartesian and Polar
Coordinates
Analytic Functions: Limits, Continuity, Continuity in a Region, Uniform Continuity,
Derivatives, Cauchy-Riemann Equations
Elementary Functions: Exponential, Logarithmic, hyperbolic functions
Complex and Contour Integrations: Definite Integrals, Contours, Line Integrals, The
Cauchy-Goursat Theorem, Proof of the Cauchy-Goursat Theorem, Simply and Multiply
Connected Domains, Indefinite Integrals, The Cauchy Integral Formula, Morera's Theorem,
Maximum Moduli of Functions, The Fundamental Theorem of Algebra
Power Series: Convergence of Sequences and Series, Taylor Series, Laurent Series,
Uniform Convergence, Integration and Differentiation of Power Series
The Calculus of Residues: Zeros of Analytic functions, Singularities, Poles, Residues at
Poles, Cauchy’s Residue Theorem
Recommended Books:
 Churchill, R. (2008). Complex Variables and Applications. McGraw –Hill.

 Pennissi, L. (1976). Elements of Complex Variables, Rinchart and Winston
Page 41 of 70
Course Title: Linear Algebra
Credit Hours: 3
Objectives:
 Give examples of vector spaces.
 Find eigenvalues and eigenvectors.
 Check whether a given mapping is a linear transformation or not.
Course Outline:
Vector Spaces: Introduction to Vector Spaces, Linear Combinations, Spanning Sets,

Subspaces, Linear Dependence and Independence, Basis and Dimension, Rank of a Matrix,
Direct Sums, Coordinate Vectors
Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors: Characteristic Polynomial, Cayley-Hamilton Theorem,
Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors, Diagonalizing Matrices, Diagonalizing, symmetric matrices,
Minimal Polynomial
Linear Transformations: Introduction Linear Transformations, Kernel and Image of a
Linear Transformations, Singular and Nonsingular Linear Mappings, Isomorphisms, Matrix
Representations of a Linear Transformation, Change of Basis, Similar Matrices
Recommended Books:
 Lipschutz, S. and Lipson, Marc. Linear Algebra. McGraw-Hill

 Kolman, B. Elementary Linear Algebra with Applications. Pearson Education
Page 42 of 70
Course Title: Vector & Tensor Analysis
Credit Hours: 3
Objectives:
 Study various subjects of applied mathematics.
 Understand the concept of defining the coordinates on flat and curved surfaces.
Course Outline:
Vector Analysis: Gradient, divergence and curl of point functions, Expansion formulas,
Invariance of scalar and vector fields, Line, surface and volume integrals, Gauss’s, Green’s
and Stoke’s theorems, curvilinear coordinates, Orthogonal coordinates, Unit vectors in
curvilinear systems, Arc length and volume elements, The representation of gradient,
Divergence and curl in orthogonal curvilinear coordinate systems,
Tensor Analysis: Coordinate transformations, Tensors of different ranks, Contravariant,
Covariant and mixed tensors, Symmetric and skew symmetric tensors, Addition,
Subtraction, Inner and outer products of tensors, Contraction theorem, Quotient law, The
line element and metric tensor, Christoffel symbols, Applications to Vector Analysis
Recommended Books:
 Frank, C. (1976). Vector and Tensor Methods. Ellis Horwood
 Murray, R. S. (1974). Vector Analysis. McGraw Hill
Page 43 of 70
Course Title: Programming Fundamentals
Objectives:
 Introduce students with the concepts of programming using the industry standard
language.
 Understand fundamentals of programming such as variables, conditional and iterative
execution, methods, etc.
 Have the ability to write a computer program to solve specified problems.
 Use the selected programming language to create, debug and run programs.
Course Outline:
Introduction to Programming: Problem solving, Introduction to programming and
programs, Types of languages, Compiler vs. Interpreter.
Overview of Programming: Structure of Program, indentation and coding conventions,
Program output, Syntax rules, Common errors, Language keywords.
Data Types: Identifiers, Constants, Types of variables, Type conversion and casting, Type
promotion rules.
Operators: Arithmetic operators and punctuations, Precedence, Associations, Equality and
relational operators.
Control Statements: Selection structure (if/, if/else), Multiple selection structure (switch
and break), break and continue, Loops.
Arrays: Declaring arrays; Initialization, Multidimensional arrays, Two dimensional array,
Example (Matrix manipulation), Assignments, Mini Project.
Methods/Functions: Library functions, Modular Approach, Functions, Function definitions.
Function prototypes.
Class Fundamentals: Class syntax, General form of class, Object declaration.
Recommended Books:
 D.E. Stevenson. (2006). Programming Language Fundamentals by Example, Auerbach
Publications; 1st edition.
 Herbert Schildt. (2010).The java 2 Complete Reference. JBD Press.
 Donald E. Knuth, (1997). Art of Computer Programming, -Wesley Professional; 3rd
edition.
Note: in addition to the above, any other text or book referred by Instructor may also
be included
Page 44 of 70
Semester-VI
Course Title: Real Analysis-II
Credit Hours: 3
Objectives:
 Get firm grip on basic ideas of Riemann integral and their basic uses with examples.
 Apply and use the concepts of Riemann Stieljes (R-S) Integrals.
 Know concretely about function of bounded variation and properties.
 Understand ideas of improper integrals.
Course Outline:
The Riemann Integral: Riemann Integrals, Partitions, Refinement, Dorboux Upper and
lower sums, Related Lemmas, Cauchy’s theorem and its applications, Continuity theorems,
Integral as a limits
Fundamental Theorems of Calculus: First, Second Fundamental Theorems and other
related Lemmas
Function of Bounded Variation: Monotonic theorem, Bounded theorem, Property related
theorems, Bounded variation of division, Continuity base theorems
Uniform convergence: Point wise convergence and related theorems and application, Test
for convergence Cauchy’s test, Weierestress M-Test, Uniform convergence and continuity,
Uniform convergence and integration, Uniform convergence and differentiation
Improper integrals: Convergence and Divergence and its application, (Convergence
theorem) Cauchy’s General Principle of Convergence, Comparison tests, Limit comparison
test, Integral test
Recommended Books:
 Bartle. R. (2008). Introduction to Real Analysis by Robert G. John Wiley & Sons.
 Ruddin, W. (1976). Principles of Mathematical Analysis. McGraw-Hill.
Page 45 of 70
Course Title: Number Theory
Credit Hours: 3
Objectives:
 Get firm grip on basic ideas of natural numbers, integers and their basic operations.
 Apply and use the concepts of modular arithmetic.
 Know concretely about solutions of congruence polynomials and its uses.
 Apply ideas of Diophantine equations and arithmetic functions in mathematics and in
real world problems.
Course Outline:
Divisibility: Definition of Divisibility, Greatest Common Divisor, Euclid’s Lemma, Prime

Numbers, The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic, The Euclidean Algorithm
Congruences: Definition and Basic Properties of Congruences, Residue Classes and
Complete Residue Systems, Linear Congruences, Reduced Residue System and the Euler-
Fermat Theorem, Lagrange’s Theorem, Simultaneous Linear Congruences, The Chinese
Remainder Theorem
Quadratic Residues and Quadratic Reciprocity Law: Quadratic Residues, Legendre’s
Symbol and Its Properties, Evaluation of (-1/p) and (2/p), Gauss’s Lemma, Quadratic
Reciprocity Law, Applications of the Reciprocity Law
Arithmetic Functions: The Möbius Function, The Euler Totient Function, The Relation
Between the Möbius and the Euler Totient Function, The Identity Function, The Unit
Function, Dirichlet Inverses and the Möbius Inversion Formula
Diophantine Equations: The equation ax + by = c, Simultaneous linear Equations, Elliptic
Curves
Recommended Books:
 Ivan, N., Herbert, S. Z., and Hugh, L. M. (1991). An Introduction to the Theory of
Numbers. John Wiley & Sons.
 Tom, M. A. (1998). Introduction to Analytic Number Theory. Narosa Publishing
House.
Page 46 of 70
Course Title: Introduction to Topology
Credit Hours: 3
Objectives:
 Describe topological spaces with examples.
 Differentiate some simple topological spaces through homeomorphism.
 Check connectedness and compactness of topological spaces.
Course Outlines:
Topological Spaces: Topological Spaces, Accumulation Points, Closure, Interior, Exterior,

and boundary of a Set, Subspaces, Base for a Topology
Continuity: Continuous Functions, Homeomorphism
Connected and Compact Spaces: Separation, Connected Spaces, Covers, Compact Spaces
Separation Axioms: Hausdorff Spaces, T1-Spaces, Regular Spaces, Normal Spaces
Recommended Books:
 Munkres, J. (2004). Topology. New Delhi, Prentice-Hall of India.
 Lipschutz, S. (1965). General Topology. New York, Tata McGraw-Hill.
Page 47 of 70
Course Title: Mathematical Statistics
Credit Hours: 3
Objectives:
 Describe basic ideas of probability distributions with examples.
 Apply ideas of mathematical expectations.
 Know special probability distributions and special probability densities.
 Understand ideas of random variables and sampling distributions.
Course Outline:
Probability Distributions and Probability Densities: Probability distribution, Continuous

Random Variables, Probability Density Functions, Multivariate Distributions, Marginal
Distributions, Conditional Distributions
Mathematical Expectations: The Expected Value of a Random Variable, Moments,
Chebyshev’s Theorem, Moment-Generating Functions, Product Moments, Moments of
Linear Combinations of Random Variables, Conditional Expectations
Special Probability Distributions: Distributions of the Discrete Uniform, Bernoulli,
Binomial, Negative Binomial, Geometric, Poisson, Multinomial, and Hypergeometric
Special Probability Densities: Distributions of Uniform, Exponential, Gamma, Beta, and
Normal
Functions of Random Variables: Distribution Function Technique, Transformation
Techniques of One- and Several, Moment-Generating Function Technique
Sampling Distributions: The distribution of the Mean, The Chi-Square Distribution, The t-
Distribution, The f-Distribution, Estimation of Means, Estimations of Proportions,
Estimation of Variance, Testing of Statistical Hypothesis Concerning Means, Proportions,
and Variances
Recommended Books:
 Miller, I. and Miller, M. (1997). Mathematical Statistics. Prentice-Hall.

 Seymour, L. and John, J. S. (2011). Introduction to Probability and Statistics.
McGraw-Hill
Page 48 of 70
Course Title: Classical Mechanics
Credit Hours: 3
Objectives:
Its objectives are given below;
 To develop fundamental concepts in mechanics more rigorously as needed for other courses
of the program.
 To apply advanced mathematical and computational techniques to complex problems.
 To contribute to the development of the student’s thinking process through the
understanding of the theory and application of this knowledge to the solution of practical
problems.
Course Outline:
Lagrangian Formalism: Brief survey of Newtonian mechanics of a single and system of particles,
constraints, D. Alembert’s principle, Lagrange’s equation and its application, calculus of variation
and Hamilton’s principle, derivation of Lagrange’s equation from Hamilton’s principle, contact
transformations.
Central Force Problem: Two-body central force problem and its reduction to the equivalent one
body problem, the equation of motion and solution for one body problem laboratory and center of
mass co-ordinate systems and their mutual transformation, Rutherford scattering formula.
Hamiltonian Formalism: Legendre transformation and Hamilton equation of motion,

cyclic co-ordinates, conservation theorems and physical significance of the Hamiltonian for
simple cases.
Canonical Transformations: The canonical transformations and their examples, the
Lagrange’s and the Poisson’s brackets, integrals of motion, Poisson’s theorems.
Recommended Books:
 David Morin (2008). Introduction to Classical Mechanics: With Problems and Solutions.
Cambridge University Press.
 John R. Taylor (2005). Classical Mechanics. University Science Books.
 H. Goldstein. (1950). Classical Mechanics. Addison-Wesley.
 Tai L. Chow. (1995). Classical Mechanics John Wiley & Sons Inc.
 L. D. Landau & E. M. Lifshitz. (1960). Mechanic. Oxford: Pergamon.
 J. W. Leech Methuen and Co. Ltd. (1958). Classical Mechanics. London.
 V. D. Barger & M. G. Olsson. (1995). Classical Mechanics. New York: McGraw-Hill.
 L. N. Hand & J. D. Finch. (1998). Analytical Mechanics. Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge.
Page 49 of 70
Semester-VII
Course Title: Functional Analysis

Credit Hours: 3
Objectives:
 Describe basic ideas of normed spaces with examples.
 Differentiate rings through some homomorphism.
 Know concretely about linear operators and linear functional.
 Understand ideas of inner product space and Hilbert space.
Course Outline:
Normed Spaces: Definition and examples, Banach spaces, Convergence in normed spaces,
Basis of a normed space, Quotient spaces, Equivalent norms, Finite dimensional normed
spaces and their completeness
Linear Operators: Topological linear spaces, Linear operators, Inverse of a linear operator,
Continuous and bounded linear operators, The space of bounded linear operators
Linear Functional: Linear functional and its continuity, Dual or conjugate space of a
normed space, Isometric isomorphism
Inner Product Space and Hilbert Space: Inner product spaces and its consequences,
Cauchy Schwartz inequality, Parallelogram law of identity, Inner product spaces on metric
spaces, Continuity and Cauchy sequences in inner product spaces, Hilbert spaces,
Orthogonal systems, Pythagorean theorem and generalized Pythagorean theorem,
Orthonormal system, Orthogonalization theorem, Bessel’s inequality, Annihilators,
Orthogonal complements-direct decomposition, Closed subspaces of Hilbert space, Riesz
representation theorem
Books Recommended:
 Taylor, A. E. and Lay, D. C. Introduction to Functional Analysis. John Wiley

 Dover, K. E. Introductory Functional Analysis with Applications. John Wiley
Page 50 of 70
Course Title: Numerical Analysis-I
Credit Hours: 3
Objectives:
 Describe basic ideas of number system and errors.
 Use ideas of solution of non-linear equations.
 Understand ideas of interpolation and polynomial approximation.
Course Outline:
Number Systems and Errors: Number System, Errors and its types.
Solution of Non-Linear Equations: Iterative Methods and Convergence: Bisection
Method, Fixed Point Iterative Method, Regula Falsi Method, Secant and Newton’s Method
Systems of Linear Equations: Direct Methods: Gaussian Elimination method, Gauss-
Jordan Method, Matrix Inversion Method. Iterative Methods and Convergence: Jacobi,
Gauss-Seidel, SOR Methods, Ill-Condition system and condition number
Interpolation and Polynomial Approximation: Difference Operators, Interpolation with
unequal intervals, Lagrange’s Interpolation Formula, Newton’s Divided Difference Formula,
Error in Polynomial Interpolation. Interpolation with equal intervals: Gregory Newton
Forward/Backward Interpolation Formula. Central Difference Interpolation Formulae:
Gauss’s Forward/Backward Interpolation Formula, Sterling’s Formula, Laplace Everett’s
Formula, Bessel’s Formula.
Books Recommended:
 Gerald. C. and Wheatley, P. (2003). Applied Numerical Analysis. Addison-Wesley.
 Burden. L. and Douglas. J. (2015). Numerical Analysis. Brooks/Cole Publishing Company
Page 51 of 70
Course Title: Rings and Modules
Credit Hours: 3
Objectives:
 Describe basic ideas of rings and modules with examples.
 Differentiate rings through some homomorphism.
 Know concretely about function of bounded variation and properties.
 Understand ideas of fields and finite fields.
Course Outline:
Rings: Basic Definitions and Examples of Rings, Ring Homomorphism, Ring of Fractions,
Quotient Rings, Definitions of Ideals, Prime Ideals, Maximal Ideals, The Chinese
Remainder Theorem, Euclidean Domains, Principal Ideal Domains, Unique Factorization
Domains, Polynomial Rings, Polynomial Rings Over Fields
Modules: Basic Definitions and Examples of Modules, Modules Homomorphism, Quotient
Modules, Direct Sums
Fields: Definition and examples of Fields, Finite Fields.
Recommended Books:
 Dummit, D. and Foote. R. (2004). Abstract Algebra. John Wiley & Sons.
 Fraleigh, B. (1967). A First Course in Abstract Algebra, Pearson Education.
Page 52 of 70
Semester-VIII
Course Title: Mathematical Methods of Physics-I
Credit Hours: 3
Objectives:
Objectives of the course are given below;
 To provide the student with a repertoire of mathematical methods that are essential to the
solution of advanced problems encountered in the fields of applied physics and engineering.
 To prepare the student with mathematical tools and techniques that is required in courses
offered in the applied physics and engineering programs.
Course Outline:
Vector Analysis: Divergence theorem, Green’s Theorem, Stock’s theorem, Cylindrical, spherical
and curvilinear coordinates. Orthogonal curvilinear coordinates. Gradient, Divergence, Curl and
Laplacian in Spherical and Cylindrical Coordinates.
Special Functions-I: Helmohltz Equation. Legendre’s Differential Equation and its Solution,
Legendre’s Polynomials, Associated Legendre functions and Spherical harmonics.
Functions of Complex Variable: Complex functions, Analyticity, Cauchy-Riemann equations,

Harmonic Function, Multi-valued Functions, Complex Integration, Cauchy’s integral formula and its
problems, Taylor and Laurent series, Contour integrals, Singularities and Residue theorem and its
applications.
Boundary Value Problem: Boundary value problems in Physics, The Sturm-Liouville Problems.
Group Theory: Introduction to group, Invariant Subgroup, Discrete groups, Continuous group,
GL(n), SU(2), SU(3), O-group’s O (2) group.
Recommended Books:
 F. Riley, M. P. Hobson & S. J. Bence. (2006). Mathematical Methods for Physics and
Engineering: A Comprehensive Guide Cambridge University Press.
 E. Butkov. (1973). Mathematical Physics. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
 G. Arfken and H. J. Weber. (1995). Mathematical Methods for Physicists. Academic Press.
 Bruce-R. Kusse & Eric. (2010). Mathematical Physics. Academic Press San deigo: CA.
Page 53 of 70
Course Title: Differential Geometry
Credit Hours: 3
Objectives:
 Describe basic ideas curves, curvatures and torsions with examples.
 Understand ideas of surfaces.
 Understand ideas and uses of integral transforms and Laplace transform.
 Apply ideas of Guass theorem and understand the topology of surfaces.
Course Outline:
Curves with Torsion: Curvature, Tangent, Principal, normal, Binormal, Torsion The
osculating, normal and the rectifying planes, The Serret-Frenet Formulae, Spherical
Curvature, Helices, Fundamental Theorem of space curves, Involutes and evolutes
Theory of surfaces: Surfaces,First and second fundamental forms, Tangent and Normal
plan, One and two parameter family of surfaces, Developable associated with the curve,
shape operator, minimal surfaces and mean curvature, Gauss theorem
Classification of surfaces: First and second curvature, Euler’s theorem, Euler characteristic
and Gauss Bonnet theorem
Recommended Books:
 Millman, R. S. and Parker, G. D. Elements of Differential Geometry. New Jersey,

Prentice-Hall Inc.
 Weatherburn, C. E. Differential Geometry. New Jersey, Prentice-Hall Inc.
 Neil, B. O. Elements of Differential Geometry. Academic Press.
 Goetz, A. Introduction to Differential Geometry. Massachusetts, Addison-Wesley
Page 54 of 70
Course Title: Numerical Analysis-II
Credit Hours: 3
Objectives:
 Describe basic ideas of numerical differentiation and numerical integration.
 Use ideas of formulation of difference equations.
 Understand ideas and uses of ordinary differential equations.
Course Outline:
Numerical Differentiation: Derivatives Using: Lagrange’s Interpolation Formula,

Newton’s Divided Difference Formula, Gregory Newton Forward/Backward Interpolation
Formula, Gauss’s Forward/Backward Interpolation Formula, Stirling’s Formula, Laplace
Everett’s Formula, Bessel’s Formula.
Numerical Integration: Newton-Cotes Formulas, Trapezoidal, Simpson Formulae, Two
point and Three point Gaussian Quadrature formulae, Weddle’s Rule. Errors in Trapezoidal
and Simpson’ rules.
Formulation of Difference Equations: Analogy of Difference Equations, Linear
Homogeneous Difference equations with constant coefficients, Linear Non-homogeneous
Difference equations with constant coefficients.
Books Recommended:
 Gerald. C. and Wheatley, P. (2003). Applied Numerical Analysis. Addison-Wesley.
 Burden. L. and Douglas. J. (2015). Numerical Analysis. Brooks/Cole Publishing
Company
Page 55 of 70
Elective Courses
Course Title: Introduction to Field Extensions
Credit Hours: 3
Objectives:
 Describe basic details of fields and extensions with examples.
 Differentiate classes of extensions.
.
Course Outline:
Basic Ideas: Extension of a field, Degree of an extension, Finite extensions, Algebraic and
transcendental elements, Algebraic extension,
Types of Extensions: Roots of a polynomial, Splitting extension, Automorphism of fields,
fixed field of a group of homomorphism, Normal extensions, Galois extensions, Fixed
field of a group,
Galois Theory: Galois group of a polynomial, The fundamental theorem of Galois Theory
Recommended Books:
 Herstein, I. N. (1975). Topics in Algebra. Lexington Xerox College Publishing.
 Actin, E. (1966). Galois Theory. (Indiana, Notre Dame University.
 Stewart, I. (1989). Galois Theory. Chapman and Hall
Page 56 of 70
Course Title: Introduction to Plane Geometry
Credit Hours: 3
Objectives:
 Describe basic details of plane figures with examples.
 Use geometry of planes in different applications.
 Interlink geometry and other fields.
Course Outline:
Basic Facts: Basic assumptions of plane geometry, Ideas of points, lines and rectilinear
figures.
Introduction to vector geometry: Introduction to general polygons, concepts of angles,

Euler formula
Geometry of planes: General equation of a circle, Power of a point, General conics,

pencils of line
Recommended Books:
 Gibson, C. G. (2004). Elementary Euclidean Geometry, Cambridge University
Press.
 Aarts, J. M. Erne, R. (2008). Plane and Solid Geometry, Springer
Page 57 of 70
Course Title: Introduction to Fluid Dynamics
Credit Hours: 3
Objectives:

 Identify different types of fluids.
 Describe fractional derivative and fractional integration.
 Solve Stokes first and second problem.
 Describe different kinds of flow.
Course Outline:
Types of Fluid: Fluids and their properties, Newtonian and non-Newtonian Fluids,
Constitutive equations, Continuity equations, Equations of motion.
Methods of Solutions: Fractional derivative and Fractional Integration, Stokes first and
second problem, Rotational and longitudinal flows of fractional second-grade, Maxwell,
Oldroyd, Burger fluids. Flow of fractional fluids induced by a constantly accelerating plate
between two side walls
Recommended Books:
 Batchelor, G. K. (1982). An introduction to Fluid Dynamics, UK, Cambridge
University Press.
 Hughes, W. F. and Brighton, J. A. (1985) Fluid Dynamics, USA, Mc Graw-Hill.
Page 58 of 70
Course Title: Introduction to Riemannian Geometry
Credit Hours: 3
Objectives:
 Visualize geometry of higher dimensional spaces and to compare the higher
dimensional space and standard dimensional space.
 Impart advance knowledge that how to deal more general objects like tensors and
spaces like manifolds.
 Understand the role of Riemannian geometry as a tool behind the Einstein’s theory
of relativity.
Course Outline:
Geometry: Riemannian Geometry, Theory of curves, Theory of surfaces, Uniqueness of
Parameterization, Serret-Frenet Equations, Intrinsic Equations, Arc Length, Unit Tangent
Vector, Unit bi Normal, Unit Principal Normal, Involute, Evolutes, Surface, Singular points,
Singularities. Curvature, Principal curvatures, Normal and Gaussian Curvature, Mean
curvature.
Tensors: Basic Algebra, Tensor Components, Contraction, Covariant tensors, Tensor
derivations, First and Second Fundamental Forms, Gauss equation, Gauss-Weingarten
Equation, The Gauss Codazzi Equations, Brackets, Christoffel Symbol of 1st and 2nd kinds,
Manifolds: Riemannian and Semi Riemannian manifolds, Metrices, Flat spaces, Affine
connection, Parallel translation, Geodesic equation, Covariant differentiation of tensor
fields, Curvature and torsion tensors, Contravariant Differentiation, Connection Symbols,
Covariant Differentiation, The Levi-Civita Connection, Geodesics and Geodesic Equation,
Ricci and Scalar Curvature.
Recommended Books:
 Do Carmo, M. P. (1992). Riemannian Geometry, Birkhauser.
 Gallot. S. and Lafontaine, J. (1990). Riemannian Geometry, Springer-Verlag.
Page 59 of 70
Course Title: Group Theory-II
Credit Hours: 3
Objectives:
 Define group with examples.
 Describe isomorphism.
 Define free group.
 Apply some ideas in physics.
Course Outline:
Symmetric Groups: Preliminaries, Permutations and Symmetric groups, S n , An, Dn
Main Theorems: Langrange's theorem, Fundamental theorem of finitely generated Abelian

groups, Torsion and Torsion free groups, Homomorphism.
Isomorphism and Free groups: Isomorphism theorems, series of groups, Zessenhauss

butterfly Lemma, Schrier Theorem, Jordan Holder theorem, Solvable group, Cauchy
theorem, classifications of groups  12.
Recommended Books:
 Dummit. D. and Foote. R. (2004). Abstract Algebra. John Wiley & Sons.
 Fraleigh .B. (1967). A First Course in Abstract Algebra, Pearson Education
Page 60 of 70
Course Title: Introduction to Algebraic Number Theory
Credit Hours: 3
Objectives:
 Describe basic details of algebraic numbers and preliminaries examples.
 Differentiate integral domains and rings.
 Understand the ideas of integral closure.
 Grip ideas of algebraic numbers.
Course Outline:
Domains: Definitions and Examples of Integral Domains, Euclidean Domains. Examples of

Domains which are not Euclidean, representing primes by quadratic forms, Noetherian
Domains, Unique Factorization Domains,
Integral Closure: Definition of integral elements, Elements integral over a Domain,
Integral Closure and its examples.
Algebraic Number Fields: Algebraic extensions, Minimal polynomial of algebraic
elements over a Field, Conjugates of Algebraic integers, Definition and examples of
Algebraic Number Fields, Conjugate Fields of Algebraic Number Fields, minimal
polynomial of Algebraic Number Fields, Prime Ideals in Ring of Integers
Recommended Books:
 Dummit. D. and Foote. R. (2004). Abstract Algebra. John Wiley & Sons.
 Fraleigh .B. (1967). A First Course in Abstract Algebra. Alaca, Pearson Education
 Williams, K. Introductory Algebraic Number Theory. Cambridge University Press.
Page 61 of 70
Course Title: Introduction to Graph Theory
Credit Hours: 3
Objectives:
 Explain different graphs with examples.
 Tell applications of graph theory in diverse areas as computer science, chemistry,
and biology.
Course Outline:
Introduction to graphs: Graphs and Digraphs, Walks, Distances, Incidence & degree,
Vertex and Edge attributes
Structure and Representation: Graph isomorphism, Sub graphs, Tests for Non-
Isomorphism, Matrix Representation, Connected, and Disconnected graphs, Components
Trees: Characterizations and Properties of trees, Distance and centers in a tree, Spanning
trees.
Cut-Sets and Cut-Vertices: Cut-Sets, Some properties of cut-sets, Fundamental circuits
and cut-sets, Minimum spanning trees and shortest paths.
Planar and Dual Graphs: Planar Graphs, Subdivision & Homomorphism, Different
Representations of a planar Graph, Detection of Planarity, Geometric Dual, Combinatorial
Dual,
Optimal Graph Traversals: Euler Graphs, Hamiltonian paths and cycles, The Traveling
Salesman Problem
Coloring, Covering and partitioning: Chromatic number, Chromatic partition and
Chromatic Polynomial, Matching, Coverings, The four color problem
Recommended Books:
 Diestel, R. (2000). Graph Theory. USA, Springer-Verlag.
 West, D. B. (2000). Introduction to Graph Theory. Prentice-Hall of India.
Page 62 of 70
Course Title: Partial Differential Equations
Credit Hours: 3
Objectives:
 Know where and how PDEs arise in applications
 Understand fundamental concepts of PDE theory.
 Describe analytical methods for solving PDEs.
 Determine the existence and uniqueness of solution of PDEs.
 Solve linear second order PDEs using canonical variables for initial-value problems,
Separation of variables and Fourier series for boundary value problems.
Course Outline:
Introduction: First and second order partial differential equations (PDEs), Classifications of
2nd order PDE, Mathematical modeling of Heat, Laplace and wave equations.
Elliptic, Parabolic and Hyperbolic Equations: Occurrence of the Laplace and Poisson
equations, Boundary value problems, Dirichlet Problem for a rectangle, Solution of Laplace
equation in Cylindrical and Spherical coordinates, Dirac Delta function, Solution of
Diffusion equations, Derivation of one- dimensional wave equation, Solution of one-
dimensional wave equation, Vibrating string (variable separable solution), Forced vibrations
(solution of non-homogeneous equations), Periodic solutions of one-dimensional wave
equation in cylindrical and spherical coordinates.
Green’s Function: Green’s Function for Laplace equation, Eigen function method, Green’s
Function for the wave–equation, Helmholtz Theorem, Green’s Function for the Diffusion
Equation.
Recommended Books:
 Myint, U. T. and Debnath, L. (2007). Partial Differential Equations for Scientists

and Engineers. Amsterdam, North Holland, Birkhauser
 Sneddon, I. N. (2014). Elements of Partial Differential Equations. USA,
McGraw-Hill
Page 63 of 70
Course Title: Quantitative Methods and Decision Theory
Credit Hours: 3
Objectives:
 Describe linear programming, formulations and graphical solution.
 Understand m-technique, two-phase technique, special cases, sensitivity analysis, the
dual problem, primal-dual relationships, and dual simplex method.
 Describe transportation models.
 Apply shortest-route algorithms.
Course Outline:
Graphical Methods: Linear Programming, Formulations and Graphical solution

Simplex Method: M-Technique and Two-phase Technique, Special Cases, Sensitivity
Analysis, the Dual Problem, Primal-Dual Relationships, Dual Simplex Method
Transportation Model: North-West Corner Methods, Least-Cost Methods and Vogel’s
Approximations Methods, The Method of Multipliers, The Assignment model, The
Transshipment Model, Network Minimization
Shortest-Route Algorithms: Shortest-Route Algorithms for Acyclic Networks, Maximal-
flow problem, Matrix Definition of LP Problem, Matrix Definition of LP Problem,
Applications of Integer Programming, Cutting-plane Algorithms
Recommended Books:
 Hamdy, A. T. (2011). Operations Research: An Introduction. USA, Macmillan
Publishing Company Inc.
 Gillett, B. E. (1997). Introduction to Operations Research. India, Tata McGraw Hill
Publishing Company Ltd.
Page 64 of 70
Course Title: Introduction to Special Theory of Relativity
Credit Hours: 3
Objectives:
 Understand the concept of relative motion of objects
 Describe relativistic velocity, acceleration, and momentum.
 Discuss the role of electromagnetism in relativity.
 Discuss applications of various physical problems
Course Outline:
Fundamental Concepts of Relativity: The Lorentz transformation, Time dilation and Lorentz-
Fitzgerald contraction, Transformation of velocities, Four-velocity and four-acceleration,
Relativistic dynamics, Relativistic equations of motion, Relativistic mass, Linear momentum,
Four-force, Relativistic kinetic energy, Four momentum.
Applications: Application of Special Relativity to Doppler Shift and Compton Effect, Particle
Scattering, Binding Energy, Particle production and decay, Electromagnetism in Relativity,
Electric Current, Maxwell’s Equations and electromagnetic waves, The four vector formulation
of Maxwell’s Equations
Recommended Books:
 Rafique, M. and Saleem, M. (1992). Introduction to Special Relativity. UK. Ellis
Horwood.
 D’Inverno, R. (1992). Introducing Einstein’s Relativity, UK. Oxford University Press
Page 65 of 70
Course Title: Introduction to Quantum Mechanics
Credit Hours: 3
Objectives:
The main objective of this course is;
 To provide understanding of the basic principles and techniques in quantum mechanics.

 Special emphasis is put on providing the student with skills to independently perform
quantum mechanical analysis of atomic and electro-magnetic systems.
Course Outline:
Review of Breakdown of Classical Concepts and Old Quantum Theory: Particle aspects of
radiation and Planck’s hypothesis, wave aspects of matter and de Broglie’s hypothesis, discrete
levels and Bohr’s hypothesis.
Formulation of Quantum Mechanics: Mathematical preliminaries, quantum mechanical wave

function, observables and operators, operator equations, the eigen value equation, commutation
relations, expectation value, postulates of quantum mechanics, correspondence principle,
complimentarily principle, Schrodinger equation and discrete energy levels, uncertainty principle,
parity.
One Dimensional Systems: The potential step, reflection and transmission coefficients, potential
well and bound states, potential barrier, tunneling, harmonic oscillator, raising and lowering
operators.
Angular Momentum: Angular momentum operator, z-component, total angular momentum;

eigenvalues, Eigen functions and vector diagram, parity, connection between rotation and angular
momentum operators.
Recommended Books:
 Zettili, N. (2009). Quantum mechanics: concepts and applications. John Wiley & Sons.
 Liboff, R. L. (1987). Introductory quantum mechanics.
 Cohen-Tannoudji, C., Diu, B., & Laloe, F. (1978). Quantum Mechanics, Volume 1.
 Gasiorowicz, S. (2007). Quantum Physics. John Wiley & Sons.
 Dicke, Robert Henry & James P. Wittke. (1974). Introduction to Quantum Mechanics.
 Sokolov, A. A., Loskutov, Y. M., & Ternov, I. M. (1996). Quantum Mechanics. Holt, Rinehart
abd Winston.
 G. Aruldhas. (2008). Quantum Mechanics. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
 Powell, J. L. (1961). Quantum Mechanics. Addison-Wesley.
Page 66 of 70
 Bransden, B. H., & Joachain, C. J. (2000). Quantum Mechanics. Pearson Education.
Course Title: Measure Theory
Credit Hours: 3
Objectives:
 Understand Riemann and Riemann-Stieltjes integrable functions.
 Understand Lebesgue measurable sets, non-measurable sets, cantor set.
 Understand Lebesgue integral.
 Understand Lebesgue spaces.
Course Outline:
Measurable Sets: Outer measure, Lebesgue measure, Lebesgue measurable sets, Lebesgue
measure, Borel sets, Non measurable sets
Measurable Functions: Lebesgue measurable functions, Simple functions, Characteristic
functions, Borel measurable Functions, Littlewood three principle
The Lebesgue Integration: Review of the Riemann integral, The Lebesgue integral, The
Integral of a nonnegative function, Integral of measurable functions, Convergence in
measure
Recommended Books:
 Douglas, S. A. (2011). Transition to Advanced Mathematics. Cengage Learning,
Inc.
 Royden, H. L. and Fitzpatick, P.M. (2009). Real Analysis, 4th Edition, China
Machine Press.
Page 67 of 70
Course Title: Electromagnetic Theory-I
Credit Hours: 3
Objectives:
Objectives of the course are as follows;

 To deepen students understanding of Electromagnetic theories.
 To strengthen student’s problem solving skills for electromagnetic problems that are
considerably more abstract and difficult than the problems encountered in
introductory Physics.
 To find both physical and formal mathematical similarities and connections between
Electromagnetic Theory and other areas of Physics.
Course Outline:
Electrostatic: Electric dipole, potential energy of a dipole in an electric field, force and
couple on the dipole placed in an external electric field, multipole expansion of electric
fields external field of a dielectric displacement vector, electric susceptibility and dielectric
constant, boundary conditions on the field vectors, potential energy of a group of point
charges, electrostatic energy of a charge distribution, energy of an electrostatic field, energy
of a system of charged conductors, stress in the electrostatic field and dielectric media,
coefficients of potential, capacitance and inductance.
Equation of Poisson and Laplace, applications of Laplace’s equation to problems
(conductors and dielectrics) having spherical cylindrical and cartesian symmetry, electrical
images (conductors and dielectrics).
Electric Current: Nature of the current, current density and equation of continuity, Ohm’s
law, steady current in media without sources of e.m.f., approach to electrostatic equilibrium.
Magnetism: Magnetic induction, force on current carrying conductors, Biot-Sawart law,
Ampere’s circuital law, the magnetic vector and scalar potentials, the magnetic field of a
distant circuit, Magnetisation, vectors M and H produced by magnetized materials field
equation, boundary conditions on the field vectors.
Magnetic Fields in Matter: Magnetization, diamagnets, paramagnets, ferromagnets,
torques and forces on magnetic dipoles, effect of a magnetic field on atomic orbits,
magnetization. The Field of a Magnetized Object: bound currents, physical interpretation of
bound currents, and the magnetic field inside matter. The auxiliary field H: Ampere’s law in
magnetized materials, a deceptive parallel, boundary conditions. Linear and nonlinear
media: magnetic susceptibility and permeability, ferromagnetism
Page 68 of 70
Recommended Books:
 Reitz, J. R., Milford, F. J., & Christy, R. W. (2008). Foundations of electromagnetic
theory. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
 Maxwell, J. C. (2009). A treatise on electricity and magnetism (Vol. 1). Clarendon Press.
 Page, L. (1922). An Introduction to Electrodynamics from the Standpoint of the Electron
Theory. Forgotten Books.
 Grant, I. S., & Phillips, W. R. (2013). Electromagnetism. John Wiley & Sons.
Page 69 of 70
Course Title: Electromagnetic Theory-II
Credit Hours: 3
Objectives: Objectives of this course are

 To strengthen students understanding of electricity and magnetism
 To enhance student’s problem solving skills for electromagnetic problems that are
considerably more abstract and difficult than the problems encountered in
introductory Physics.
 To strengthen students’ abilities to find both physical and formal mathematical
similarities and connections between Electromagnetic Theory and other areas of
Physics.
Course Outline:
Maxwell’s Equations and their Applications: Maxwell’s equations and the generalization
of the Ampere’s law, electromagnetic energy, vector and scalar potentials, retarded scaler
and vector potentials, radiation from an oscillating dipole
Electromagnetic Waves: Plane electromagnetic wave, plane waves in a conducting and
non-conducting media, linear and circular polarization, and superposition of waves in one
dimension, boundary conditions, reflection and refraction of electromagnetic waves at a
plane interface between dielectrics, waves polarization by reflection and total internal
reflection, reflection from a conducting medium and non-conducting medium,
Formulation of Electrodynamics: Covariant formulation of electrodynamics,
transformation laws of electromagnetic fields, the field of a uniformly moving and
accelerated electron.
Recommended Books:
 Reitz, J. R., Milford, F. J., & Christy, R. W. (2008). Foundations of electromagnetic
theory. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
 Page, L. (1922). An Introduction to Electrodynamics from the Standpoint of the Electron
Theory. Forgotten Books.
 Jackson, J. D. (1999). Classical Electrodynamics. Wiley.
 Duffin, W. J. (1990). Electricity and Magnetism. McGraw-Hill College.
 Grant, I. S., & Phillips, W. R. (2013). Electromagnetism. John Wiley & Sons.
Page 70 of 70
---------------------------------------The End----------------------------------------
Page 71 of 70

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Curriculum

Division of Science and Technology

To prepare people having sound knowledge of mathematics

The program of Bachelor of Science in Mathematics is launched to make up the

The objectives of the program are:

Duration: 4 Years (8 Semesters)

Intermediate with mathematics or equivalent as per UE rules

Course Title: Functional English

1. Use of grammar in context

2. Oral Communication Skills (Listening and Speaking)

4. Reading and Writing Skills

5. Developing a paragraph outline (topic sentence and supporting details)

6. To develop the ability to use a dictionary

 Collins COBUILD Students' Grammar. London: Longman

Introduction to Quranic Studies: Basic concepts of Quran, History of Quran, Uloom-ul-

 Nawaz, M. Tafheem Islamiyat Compulsory. Qureshi Brothers Publishers.

 Understand the fundamentals of Information Technology

Computers: Introduction to Computers, History of Computers, Types of Computers,

 Intro to Computers, Peter Norton, latest edition.

 To understand the different motions of objects on a macroscopic scale

Preliminaries: Intervals, Inequalities, Functions, Graphs of Functions, Lines, Circles,

 Anton, H. (2012). Calculus. Laurie Rosatone

Course Title: Communication Skills

 Oral presentation skills (prepared and unprepared talks)

 Preparing for interviews (scholarship, job, placement for internship, etc.)

 Writing formal letters

 Writing different kinds of applications (leave, job, complaint, etc.)

 Preparing a Curriculum Vitae (CV), (bio-data)

 Writing short reports

 Westwood, P. (2008). What teachers need to know about teaching methods,

 To understand the different motions of objects on a macroscopic scale and

 Elements of an effective speech

Note: Extensive reading is required for vocabulary building

 Aaron, J. 2003. The Compact Reader. New York: Bedford

Introduction to Educational Assessment: Introducing the Concepts: Test, Measurement,

 Anton, H. (2012). Calculus. Laurie Rosatone.

 Anton, H. (2012). Calculus. Laurie Rosatone

 Lipschutz, L. Introduction to Probability and Statistics. McGraw-Hill

Combinatorics: The basics of counting, Pigeonhole principle, permutation, combinations,

 Rosen, K. H. (2012). Discrete Mathematics and Its Applications. New York,

Introduction to Differential Equations: Differential Equation (DE), Classification of DEs

 Lipschutz, S. and Lipson, M. (2009). Linear Algebra. New York, McGraw-Hill

 Bartle. R. (2008). Introduction to Real Analysis. John Wiley & Sons.

Complexes in groups: complexes and coset decomposition of groups, Index of subgroup in

Group Homomorphism: Definition of a homomorphism, Endomorphism and

 Churchill, R. (2008). Complex Variables and Applications. McGraw –Hill.

Vector Spaces: Introduction to Vector Spaces, Linear Combinations, Spanning Sets,

 Lipschutz, S. and Lipson, Marc. Linear Algebra. McGraw-Hill

Divisibility: Definition of Divisibility, Greatest Common Divisor, Euclid’s Lemma, Prime

Topological Spaces: Topological Spaces, Accumulation Points, Closure, Interior, Exterior,

Probability Distributions and Probability Densities: Probability distribution, Continuous

 Miller, I. and Miller, M. (1997). Mathematical Statistics. Prentice-Hall.

Hamiltonian Formalism: Legendre transformation and Hamilton equation of motion,

Course Title: Functional Analysis

 Taylor, A. E. and Lay, D. C. Introduction to Functional Analysis. John Wiley

Functions of Complex Variable: Complex functions, Analyticity, Cauchy-Riemann equations,

 Millman, R. S. and Parker, G. D. Elements of Differential Geometry. New Jersey,

Numerical Differentiation: Derivatives Using: Lagrange’s Interpolation Formula,

Introduction to vector geometry: Introduction to general polygons, concepts of angles,

Geometry of planes: General equation of a circle, Power of a point, General conics,

The main objectives of this course are to:

Symmetric Groups: Preliminaries, Permutations and Symmetric groups, S n , An, Dn

Main Theorems: Langrange's theorem, Fundamental theorem of finitely generated Abelian