Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/
info/about/policies/terms.jsp
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content
in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship.
For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales de la Universidad Nacional
Autónoma de México are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Revista Mexicana de Sociología.
http://www.jstor.org
This content downloaded from 132.174.254.155 on Sun, 01 Nov 2015 07:42:59 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
nenciadesconocida,duranteel cual la autocraciaprevia 'stransito" hacia
La consolidacionde la democraciayla
representacionde los grupossociales*
PHILIPPE C. SCHMITTER
_s de la democraciaparece
N FORMA INTUITIVA la idea de la consc)lidacion
> bastanteobvia.Tras un periodode crecienteincertidumbre y de perma-
[3]
This content downloaded from 132.174.254.155 on Sun, 01 Nov 2015 07:42:59 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
4 REVISTAMEXICANADE SOCIOLOGS
This content downloaded from 132.174.254.155 on Sun, 01 Nov 2015 07:42:59 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
LA CONSOLIDACION DE > DEMOCECIA 5
This content downloaded from 132.174.254.155 on Sun, 01 Nov 2015 07:42:59 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
REVISTAMEXIA DE SOCIOLOGa
rs
This content downloaded from 132.174.254.155 on Sun, 01 Nov 2015 07:42:59 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
LA CONSOLIDACION DE LA DENIOCRACIA 7
FIGUM1. ILUSTMCION
DEL ESPACIO
DE PROPIEDAD
NECESARIO
PAM ONSLIDAR
LOS REGIMENES
TOTALESY PARCIALES
DE jS DEMCMS ERMS
EL RtGIMEN CONST§TUCIONAL _ _ )
EStADO
G R'JP O S EL REGIMEN E LE C T O RE S
S o C I ALE S OE REPRESENTAcl INDIVIDUALES
GRUPOS
POTENCLES
INTENSlOADES
* + 'lN ERGS
RECtJRSO
DF PooEQ
This content downloaded from 132.174.254.155 on Sun, 01 Nov 2015 07:42:59 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
8 REVISTAMEXICANADE SOCIOLOGfA
This content downloaded from 132.174.254.155 on Sun, 01 Nov 2015 07:42:59 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
LA CONSOLIDACI6N DE > DEMOCECIA 9
6 Mucho mas podra lograrse,por supuestoJsi el cambio del regimenpo}fticose acompana de una
transformacion simultaneade la distribucidn de la riqueza, de la propiedad privada,de la naturalezade
las relacionescIvico-militares,
o de las bases territoriales
de la autoridadestatal.Cuando esta "simulta-
neidad" ocurre (como sucedio en Europa del Este y en la Union Sovieaca) la complejidadpotencialde
su duracion y secuencia se incrementade maneraexponencial.
7 Debe sefialarseque acerca de la duraciony la secuencia haydos diferentespuntos de referencia:
uno en cuanto a la realizaci6nde dichas tareasen otrasformasde gobierno,que sufrencambios en la
misma"ola de democratizacion",yel otroen lo referenteal momentoyla maneraen que se llevan a cabo
dentrodel propio pais. En gelleraldebe considerarseque esto Xiltmo es mucho mAssignificauvo,dado
que en ello se dan innumerablesinterdependenciasfimcionales,pero en las circunstanciasactuales,la
comunicaci6nentrelas unidades nacionalesse ha hecho tanfrecuenteque la propagacionde sus efectos
puede ser muy extensa. Ademas, existe un gran ndmero de organizacionestanto naaonales como
internacionalesespecificamente dedicadasa difundirensenanzassobreel tipomis adecuado de respuesta
institucional.
This content downloaded from 132.174.254.155 on Sun, 01 Nov 2015 07:42:59 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
10 REVISTAMEXIA DE SOCIOLOGS
LA PARADOJA
DE LA POSIBIL1DADDE ASOCLACI6N
This content downloaded from 132.174.254.155 on Sun, 01 Nov 2015 07:42:59 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
LA CONSOLIDACION DE LA DEMOCMCIA ll
This content downloaded from 132.174.254.155 on Sun, 01 Nov 2015 07:42:59 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
12 REVISTA MEXICANA DE SOCIOLOGfA
12 A1referirse
a Espana,JuanI>nz (1983)ha abordadobienel tema,aunquede maneraun tanto
cripaca:"Las politcastienenprimacIasobrelos intereses".
Anteriormente, cuandolos obrerosconsti-
tufanla mayorpartedela ciudadanIa,
lossindicatos tenianposibilidad
de ocuparunaposicionestratdgica
masdefinitiva duranteel cambiode regimen. E1 ParadoLaboralinglesrepresentd la tnica instancia
cuando dichossindicatostomaronla delanteraal organizarotropartido,pero esto no ocurri6en
circunstanciss
de cambiode regimen.En realiflad,
losrecientes
exitosde lospartidos
wdalistasen el sur
de Europa (Francia,Greciay Espana) se han logradosin vincularla aciividadpartidista con los
movimientos sindicalistas.
This content downloaded from 132.174.254.155 on Sun, 01 Nov 2015 07:42:59 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
LA CONSOLIDACION DE LA DEMOCRACIA 13
This content downloaded from 132.174.254.155 on Sun, 01 Nov 2015 07:42:59 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
14 REVISTA MEXICANA DE SOCIOLOGIA
This content downloaded from 132.174.254.155 on Sun, 01 Nov 2015 07:42:59 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
LA CONSOLIDACION DE LA DEMOCRACIA 15
This content downloaded from 132.174.254.155 on Sun, 01 Nov 2015 07:42:59 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
16 REVISTAMEXIA DE SOCIOLOGa
This content downloaded from 132.174.254.155 on Sun, 01 Nov 2015 07:42:59 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
LAS NUEVAS CARACTERfSTI DE MOCACIONES
LA CONSOLIDACION DE LA DEMOCRACIA 17
This content downloaded from 132.174.254.155 on Sun, 01 Nov 2015 07:42:59 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
18 REVISTAMEXICANADE SOCIOLOGIA
This content downloaded from 132.174.254.155 on Sun, 01 Nov 2015 07:42:59 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
LA CONSOLIDACION DE > DEMOCECIA 19
17 Un buen ejemplode que esa "decadencia"puede ser muylentay de que las asociaciones
seguirinluchandopararetener
sobretdo 1QS sindicatos,
sobrevivientes, la posicionylos recursosde
se dioen el surde Europadespuesde 1974en el casogriego.
que disponianen el Estadocorporaiivista
This content downloaded from 132.174.254.155 on Sun, 01 Nov 2015 07:42:59 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
20 REVISTAMEXICANADE SOCIOLOGfA
This content downloaded from 132.174.254.155 on Sun, 01 Nov 2015 07:42:59 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
LA CONSOLIDACI6N DE LA DEMOCRACIA
This content downloaded from 132.174.254.155 on Sun, 01 Nov 2015 07:42:59 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
22 REVISTAMEXICANADE SOCIOLOGfA
This content downloaded from 132.174.254.155 on Sun, 01 Nov 2015 07:42:59 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
LA CONSOLIDACION DE LA DEMOCRACIA 23
This content downloaded from 132.174.254.155 on Sun, 01 Nov 2015 07:42:59 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
24 REVISTAMEXICANADE SOCIOLOGfA
This content downloaded from 132.174.254.155 on Sun, 01 Nov 2015 07:42:59 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
LA CONSOLIDACION DE LA DEMOCRACIA 25
CONCLUSIONES TENTATIVAS
This content downloaded from 132.174.254.155 on Sun, 01 Nov 2015 07:42:59 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
26 KEVISTAMEXICANADE SOCIOLOGfA
Traduccion
deConcetcion
dela Torre
yAdrianaGuadarrama
BIBLIOGRAFIA
This content downloaded from 132.174.254.155 on Sun, 01 Nov 2015 07:42:59 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
LA CONSOLIDACION DE LA DEMOCRACIA 27
order.Thepersistence
ofeconomic
problems
incapitalist
states,
Yale UniversityPress,
New Haven.
Cavarozzi, M., L. de Riz, y V. Feldman (1986), Concertacion, Estadoysindicatosenla
Argentina contemporanea (mimeo.), CEDES, Buenos Aires.
Cawson, A. (1986),Corporatism andpoliticaltheory,Blackwell,Oxford.
Cella, G. P. (1990), "Debolozze del pluralimoin AmericaLatina: Quali possibilita
per la concertazzionesociale", Statoe Mercato7 num. 28, pp. 3-27.
Dahl, R. (1982), Dilemmas ofpluralist
democracy, Yale University Press,New Haven.
Delich, F. (1985), "Pacto corporativo,democracia y clase obrera",en Loslznites de
la democracia, CLACSO,Buenos Aires.
Diamond, L., J.J. Linz, y S. M. Lipset (eds.) (1990), Politics
indeveloping countries:
Comparing experiences
with democracy,Lynne Reimer,Boulder.
Dos Santos, M. R. (1988), Pactsinthecrtsis:A reflectionontheconstructionofdemocracy
in LatinAmerica, ponencia presentada durante la Conference on the Micro-
Foundationsof Democracy,Universidadde Chicago.
Espina, A. (ed.) (1988), Concertacionsocial,neocorporatismoydemocracia, Ministerio
del Trabajo y Seguridad Social, Madrid.
Flisfisch,A. (1986), "Reflexionesalgo oblicuas sobre el tema de la concertacion",
Desarrollo Economico, num. 26, pp. 3-19.
Foley,M . ( 1989), Thesilence
ofconstitutions:
Gaps,"abeyances" andpoliticaltemperament
inthemaintenance ofgovernment,Routledge,Londres.
Foweracker,J. (1987), "Corporatiststrategiesand the transitionto democracyin
Spain", Comparative Politics,
num. 20, pp. 57-72.
Gramsci,A. (1971), Selections fromtheprisonnotebooks (Q. tioare y G. N. Smith,
eds./trads.),InternationalPublishers,Nueva York.
Grossi,M. yM. R. dos Santos (1982), "La concertacionsocial: Una perspectivasobre
instrumentosde regulacion economico-socialen procesos de redemocratiza-
cion", Crzticay Utopta,num. 9, pp. 127-147.
Lange, P. y H. Meadwell (1985), "Typologiesofdemocraticsystems:Frompolitical
inputs to politicaleconomy",en H. Wiarda (ed.), Newdirections in comparative
politics,
Westview,Boulder.
Lapalombara, J. ( 1964), Interest
groups inItalianpolitics,
PrincetonUniversityPress,
Princeton.
Lechner, N. (1985), Pactosocialen losprocesos de demecratizacion: La experiencia
latinoamericana, FLACSO, Santiago.
Lijphart,A. y M. L. Crepaz (1991), "Corporatismand consensus democracyin
eighteencountries:Conceptual and empiricallinkages",British Journal ofPoliti-
cal Science, num.21, pp. 235-246.
Linz,J.J.(1983),Transition todemocracy:A comparative perspective,
ponencia presen-
tada durantela Conferenceon Transitionto Democracy,San Jose,Costa Rica.
Lipset, M. S. (1959a), Politicalman:Thesocialbasesofpolitics, Johns Hopkins
UniversityPress,Baltimore.
This content downloaded from 132.174.254.155 on Sun, 01 Nov 2015 07:42:59 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
28 REVISTAMEXICANADE SOCIOLOGfA
This content downloaded from 132.174.254.155 on Sun, 01 Nov 2015 07:42:59 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
LA CONSOLIDACION DE LA DEMOCRACIA 29
This content downloaded from 132.174.254.155 on Sun, 01 Nov 2015 07:42:59 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
30 REVISTA
MEXICANA
DE SOCIOLOGIA
This content downloaded from 132.174.254.155 on Sun, 01 Nov 2015 07:42:59 UTC
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions