Cholesterol Synthesis, transport, and excretion

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1. Alkaline Bile (pH 7.6-8.4) 17. Ezetimibe Inhibirs absorption if

cholesterol by the intestine
2. Atherosclerosis characterized by the deposition of
blocking
cholesterol and cholesteryl ester from
the plasma lipoproteininto the artery 18. Factors assoc with elevation Emotional stress and coffee
wall of plasma FFA followed by drinking
increased output of
3. Bile acids Synthesized in the liver from
triacylglycerol and
cholesterol
cholesterol ingo the
4. Bile acids Secondary Biles acids circulation of vldl
+Intestinal
19. Farnesoid X Receptor Feed back regulation via
bacteria=
the nuclearvbile acid-
5. Biosynthesis of 1.) Synthesis of mevalonate from binding receptor
cholesterol acetyl-CoA
20. Fibrates lower plasma
2.) Formation of Isoprenoid units from
triacyglycerol
mevalonate by loss of CO2
3.) Condensation of Six Isoprenoid 21. GTP-binding proteins prenylated with farnesyl or
unita from squalene granylgeranyl residues
4.) Cyclization of squalene give rise to
22. HDL containing apo A-1 Responsible for virtually all
the parent steroid, Lanosterol
plasma cholesteryl esters
5.) Formation of cholesterol from
in humans
lanosterol
23. HDL (High density removes cholesterol from
6. Cholesterol Ampiphatic Lipid.
lipoprotein) the tissue and transport it to
Essential structural component of
liver.
membranes and outer layer of plasma
lipoprotein. 24. hereditary factors play the greatest role in
Precursor of all other steroids in the determining individual
body. serum cholesterol
concentrations
7. Cholesterol 7- Microsomal enzyme (requires, O2,
hydroxylase NADPH, and Cytochrome P450 25. Highest proportion of Found in LDL
cholesterol transport
8. Cholesterol Via the bile in unesterified form or
Excretion after conversiob into the bile acids in 26. HmG-CoA reductase step Inhibited by Mevalonate
the liver and by Cholesterol

9. Cholesterol greater part in the form of cholesteryl 27. Ileum absorbs primary and
Transport esters secondary bile acids

10. Cholesteryl ester Associated with HDL found in plasma 28. LDL (Apo B-100, E) receptor occur in the cell
transfer protein of humans surface in pits that are
coated on the cytosolic
11. Cholic Acid (Found in the largest amount)
side of the cell membrane
12. Conjugation takes place in peroxisomes with a protein called
clathrin
13. Coprostanol Principal Sterol in the feces (formed
from cholesterol by the bacteria in the 29. LDL (Low density Lipoprotein) vehicle of uptake of
lower intestine cholesterol and cholesteryl
ester into many tissues.
14. Dietary Cholesterol Inhibit hepatic synthesis
30. LDL receptor activity regulated by: Cholesterol
15. Dolichol and Formed from farnesyl Diphosphate by
requirements, Steroid
Ubiquinone the further addition of up to 16
hormones, Bile acid
(dolichol) or 3-7 (Ubiquinone)
synthesis.
isopentenyl diphosphate residues
31. Of the cholesterol absorbed 80-90% is esterified with
16. Dyslipoprotonemias abnormally high and low lipoprotein
long-chain FA in the
concentration
intestinal Mucosa
32. Plasma LCAT Associated with HDL containing apoA-1
33. Primary Bile Acids Enter the biles as Glycine and taurine conjugates
34. principal limiting step of bile acid synthesis cholesterol 7- hydroxylase rxn
35. Ration of glycine to taurine conjugates 3:1
36. regular exercise lowers plasma ldl but raises hdl
37. Reverse Cholesterol Transport Conversion of free cholesterol to bile acids
38. Secondary Bile Acids Deoxycholic acid and Lithocholic acid
39. Second Pathway in mitochondria 27-hydroxylation of cholesterol by sterol 27- hydroxylase
40. Statins (Hypolipidemic drugs) Inhibit HMG-CoA reductase and upregulating LFL receptor
41. Subsequent hydroxylation Catalyzed by monooxygenases
42. triacylglycerol independent risk factor in atherosclerosis
43. triacylglycerol-enriched HDL2 Delivers its cholesterol to the liver in the HDL cycle