UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA

NSUKKA

A Report in partial fulfilment of the

course ME 212

NAME: IFIOKOBONG NSUHOREIDEM

AKPAN

REG NO: 2015/197153

GROUP F7

DATE: 28TH AUGUST 2018

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 SUMMARY OF REPORT

This is the report of the practical carried out by group F7 students in the Engineering Faculty,
University of Nigeria, Nsukka. We carried out the fabrication of a Wall Bracket and a fabrication
of a biro/ flower holder. The processes it took to achieve this actually made me to learn some of
the skills like the Cutting of metals, Boring holes on metals, drilling, welding, filling, casting and
some other workshop processes.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I will fail to appreciate the lecturers and supervisors who dedicated their time to guide us through
all the processes to get the work done. I also use this opportunity to thank my parents for
assisting me in my academics. I will not also forget thank the HOD of Mechanical Engineering
for his commitment towards our well-being by providing the necessary safety tools which we
used during the practical.

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

SUMMARY OF REPORT ---------------------------------------------------------------- i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ----------------------------------------------------------------- ii

TABLE OF CONTENT ------------------------------------------------------------------- iii

INTRODUCTION -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1

PRACTICAL 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4-7

PRACTICAL 2 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8-10

REFLECTIVE APPRAISAL ------------------------------------------------------------- 11

CONCLUSIONS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11

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 INTRODUCTION

Engineering Workshop practice report contains all the necessary processes, principles of
operations, safety precautions, error safety precautions, and apparatuses used during the practical
which took place in the Mechanical Engineering Workshop Laboratory. I was part of the team of
the practical where I learn several mechanical engineering lab work. I learn how to use several
tools, how to avoid error while working in the laboratory, how to prevent mechanical injuries
while working. It was fun. The time given to it worth it.

IMPORTANCE OF WORKSHOP TO PRODUCTION OF ENGINEERING PARTS

Workshop is the center of learning about engineering Materials, manufacturing practices,

equipment, tools and safety precaution to be observed in manufacturing operations.

MACHINES AND THEIR BASIC PRINCIPLES

1. Lathe Machine
2. Bench Vice
3. Drilling Machine

LATHE MACHINE

Turning is a form of machining, a material removal process, which is used to create rotational
arts by cutting away unwanted material.
• The turning process requires a turning machine or lathe, workpiece, fixture, and cutting tool.
• Turning is used to produce rotational, typically axi-symmetric, parts that have
many features, such as: Holes, Grooves, Threads, and Tapers.

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF LATHE MACHINE

The rotating edge of the drill exerts a large force on the workpiece and the hole is generated. The
removal of metal in a drilling operation is by shearing and extrusion.

1. Bed:
The bed of the turning machine is simply a large base that sits on the ground or a table
and supports the other components of the machine.

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 2. Headstock assembly:
The headstock assembly is the front section of machine that is attached to the bed. This
assembly
contains the motor and drive system which powers the spindle. The spindle supports and
rotates the workpiece, which is secured in a workpiece holder or fixture, such as a chuck
or collet.

3. Tailstock assembly:
The tailstock assembly is the rear section of the machine that is attached to the bed. The
purpose of this assembly is to support the other end of the workpiece and allow it to
Orotate, as it's driven by the spindle.

4. Carriage:
The carriage is a platform that slides alongside the workpiece, allowing the cutting tool to
cut away material as it moves.

5. Cross slide:
The cross slide is attached to the top of the carriage and allows the tool to move towards
or away from the workpiece, changing the depth of cut.

6. Compound:
The compound is attached on top of the cross slide and supports the cutting tool. The
cutting tool is secured in a tool post which is fixed to the compound. The compound can
rotate to alter the angle of cutting tool relative to the workpiece.

THE HACK SAW:

This is used to cut out the required dimensions of the work piece. It is a fine-tooth hand saw with
a blade held under tension in a frame. The cutting edge of a saw is either a serrated blade or an
abrasive. A saw may be worked by hand, or powered by steam, water, electricity or other power.

THE SCRIBER:
This is a tool used to mark out lines on the work piece prior to machining. The process is called
scribing.

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 THE HAND FILE:
This is used to remove fine amounts of materials from the work piece. Hand files are used in the
workshop to smooth rough edges. They can be used to smooth a range of materials including
metals such as brass and steel to wood based materials such as MDF. Hand files are normally
held in both hands. The file is held flat against the surface it is to cut / smooth. The file is then
pushed forward and it cuts on the forward stroke. It is then lifted away from the metal and
returned to the starting point for the next push forward. This is called ‘through filing’.

THE BENCH VICE:

This is the tool used to hold the work piece steady allowing the user to use both hands during
operation.

The Center Punch: This is a tool used to making an indentation, to allow a drill to make a hole
at the same spot without slipping. Using the plain carbon steel sheet, the center punch was used
to make an indentation at the uppermost row 15mm from the horizontal board and also 27mm is
separated from the next.

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TITLE: FABRICATION OF A WALL BRACKET

AIM: The aim of this practical is to fabricate a Wall Bracket used in a shelf.
APPARATUS USED:
1. A 4mm thick plain carbon steel sheet (Workpiece)
2. Chisel
3. Hand File
4. Drilling Machine
5. Scriber
6. Hacksaw
7. Bench Vice
8. AC Arc Welder.

FILE HACK SAW

Drilling Machine

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 TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE MANUFACTURING PROCESS

1. MACHINING PROCESS

Machining is a term used to describe a variety of material removal processes in which a

cutting tool removes unwanted material from a workpiece to produce the desired shape.

MACHINING PROCESS

MECHANICAL TOOLS HAND TOOLS

Drilling Turning

Files Saw Chisel

A. BENCH WORK

This is process of marking a work piece prior to cutting in order to have a visual guideline during
cutting operation. Some of the tools and equipment used are:
a. Hack Saw
b. Scriber
c. Flat File
d. The Bench Vice
e. Hammers
f. Center Punch

B. DRILLING

This is cutting process that uses a drill bit to cut a hole of circular cross-section into the work
piece. The drilling machine is used to achieve this. 4mm diameter holes are drilled on the plain
carbon steel sheet as shown in the above figure.

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 C. WELDING

This is a metal joining process which helps in the joining of two or more metals / material
together.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS WHILE CARRYING OUT THE FABRICATION

1. During Welding of the Wall Bracket, my face was well covered with a shield and safety
glasses
2. The bench vice was securely fitted to the work table
3. The Carbon Steel Sheets were properly clamped during the Drilling process
4. Adjustments were not made while the Drilling process was going on.
5. The chips were not cleaned with hands, rather with brushes.
6. During the Bench Work, the hacksaw was properly placed in a forward position and the
teeth were made sharp.
7. The Files used were properly handles to avoid cuts.

ERROR PRECAUTIONS WHILE CARRYING OUT THE FABRICATION

1. Errors due to parallax were avoided when taking measurement before filing the Work
piece.
2. An extension / gab was also marked on the work piece before filing to avoid filling into
the 50mm portion of the steel carbon sheet.
3. During drilling, the drill bit was well placed to avoid breaking the work piece.

CONCLUSION

The fabrication of the Wall Bracket involves the following workshop processes which includes:
Cutting process, Drilling Process, and Welding Process. The cutting process is first carried out to
give the plain carbon steel sheet the correct dimensions. The Drilling process follows which is
essential in giving the holes the appropriate dimensions while the Welding process was carried
out to join the different parts of the work piece together. At the end of the practical, the aim was
actually achieved.

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TOPIC: FABRICATION OF BIRO/FLOWER HOLDER

AIM: The Aim of this Practical is to fabricate An Ornamental biro/flower holder

APPARATUS USED:

1. Lathe Machine
2. Drilling Machine
3. Mold

Lathe Machine

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SCALE: 1:100

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 A. FOUNDRY PROCESS:

This process was carried out using the furnace and the mold. The aluminum material was melted
and casted into a mold using the closed method. It involves pouring of the melted aluminum into
a mold to get the shape of the casted material.

B. TURNING PROCESS:

Turning is a form of machining, a material removal process, which is used to

create rotational parts by cutting away unwanted material.
• The turning process requires a turning machine or lathe, workpiece, fixture,
and cutting tool.
• Turning is used to produce rotational, typically axi-symmetric, parts that have
many features, such as: Holes, Grooves, Threads, and Tapers.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS WHILE CARRYING OUT THE FABRICATION

1. During foundry, care was taken when using the melting process
2. The mold was properly prepared before pouring
3. Only the pouring crew were allowed during pouring.
4. Safety glasses were put on during foundry.
5. Water was not allowed to enter the hot melted metal.
6. Operation was carried out in a clear work area.

ERROR PRECAUTIONS WHILE CARRYING OUT THE FABRICATION

1. Openings were made no the sand used for casting tom allow air pass through it.
2. Proper dimensions were taken using the venier caliper before machining the workpiece.
3. The hack saw was properly held while sawing out the unused workpiece to avoid
chopping into the essential part.

CONCLUSION

The Fabrication of the ornamental flower/biro holder was successfully achieved using the
Foundry process, Machining Process and cutting processes. The actual dimensions were
achieved while machining gave the workpiece the proper smoothing, and holes in the workpiece.

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 REFLECTIVE APPRAISAL

If I must comment on the just concluded practical, I will say that it really worth the time. I have
never regretted participating fully as I have come to understand the principles behind using
machines in the laboratory. From the dedication of the supervisors to their work, to the safety of
the workers, I will say it I learnt a lot. I learnt how to use the different tools in the mechanical
workshop and the principles of operation of the tools as we were guided and taught.

CONCLUSION

I hereby conclude that all efforts was put into the practical was not abortive. It was an experience
I got. Right from the fabrication of Wall Bracket, I came to understand how Mechanical devices
and tools can make task easy for us. Furthermore, the fabrication of Biro and Flower was a great
experience as I learn that even greater tasks could be achieve u

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