TURBOMACHINERY: SELECTION AND DESIGN

Professor Enrico Sciubba, M.Eng., Ph.D.

Index

1- Introduction to Turbomachinery
1.1 Definitions
1.2 Main operating parameters
1.3 Operational charts and maps
1.4 A brief historical review of Turbomachinery development
1.4.1 Hydraulic turbines
1.4.2 Wind turbines
1.4.3 Steam- and Gas turbines
1.4.4 Pumps and Compressors
1.5 Black-box analysis: mass- and energy balances
1.6 Similarity concepts: the ns/ds diagrams; Cordier line; Balje’s charts
1.7 Problems

2- Turbomachinery thermodynamic analysis

2.1 The general balance equations
2.2 The elementary processes
2.3 2.3 Compression and expansion in the s/h, v/p, p/h and s/T diagrams
2.4 Energy losses and entropy generation; irreversibility and efficiency
2.5 Thermodynamics of gas flow
2.6 Problems

3- The physics of the energy exchanges between the working fluid and the machine
3.1 Euler equation
3.2 The general equilibrium equations for a stream tube
3.3 The velocity triangles
3.4 Classification of the energy exchange mechanisms in Turbomachinery
3.5 Blade- and cascade coefficients; degree of reaction
3.6 Losses in fixed and rotating channels, at design and off-design conditions
3.7 Sonic limits for Turbomachinery handling compressible fluids
3.8 Operative limits for Turbomachinery handling incompressible fluids: cavitation
3.9 Mechanical and thermal stresses; vibrations, fatigue, creep
3.10 Design and installation specifications
3.11 Problems

4- Pumps
4.1 Classification; operating charts
4.2 Axial pumps: choice and overall design procedures
4.3 Radial pumps: choice and overall design procedures
4.4 Cavitation and its influence on design and installation procedures
4.5 Problems

5- Hydraulic Turbines
5.1 Classification; operating charts
5.2 Pelton turbines: choice and overall design procedures
5.3 Francis turbines: choice and overall design procedures
5.4 Kaplan turbines: choice and overall design procedures
5.5 Cavitation and its influence on design and installation procedures
5.6 Problems
6- Compressors
6.1 Classification; operating charts
6.2 Axial compressors: choice and overall design procedures
6.3 Radial compressors: choice and overall design procedures
6.4 Stall, surge and choking limits
6.5 Problems

7- Compressible-fluid turbines
7.1 Classification; operating charts
7.2 Axial steam turbines: impulse and reaction stages
7.3 Axial gas turbines
7.4 Radial steam- and gas turbines
7.5 Ljüngström turbines
7.6 Problems

8- Blowers and Fans

8.1 Classification; operating charts
8.2 Axial fans and blowers: choice and overall design procedures
8.3 Radial fans and blowers: choice and overall design procedures
8.4 Drum fans
8.5 Problems

9- Wind turbines
9.1 The general problem of wind energy capture
9.2 Classification and operating parameters
9.3 Preliminary design methods
9.4 Problems

10- General guidelines for the planning of a design activity

10.1 A general flowchart for design activities
10.2 Know-how and creativity

11- Numerical Simulation Methods in the design of Turbomachinery

11.1 Introduction
11.2 Zero-, mono-, two- and three-dimensional flow models
11.3 Actuator disc
11.4 Streamline curvature method
11.5 Matrix through-flow method
11.6 Wu’s S1/S2 method
11.7 Numerical solution methods for the boundary layer flows
11.8 Modern viscous flow models
11.9 Finite differences, finite volume, finite elements methods
11.10 Transient problems: time marching
11.11 Stability, convergence, robustness and speed of numerical procedures
11.12 Problems

12- Experimental methods

12.1 General introduction
12.2 Necessary attributes of an experimental test procedure
12.3 Different types of Test Rigs and their use
12.4 General description of Test-Rig instrumentation
12.5 Problems